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Nataraj M, Carmelin DS, Geetha Sravanthy P, Saravanan M. Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Centella asiatica-Mediated Selenium Oxide Nanoparticles Against Multidrug-Resistant Upper Respiratory Isolates. Cureus 2024; 16:e58350. [PMID: 38756255 PMCID: PMC11096689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The evolution of new respiratory diseases, especially upper respiratory tract infections and resistance of pathogens to various antibiotic treatments, needs an alternative way of medication. Chronic respiratory infections in both adults and infants are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. The widespread application of nanomaterials in the field of medicine and the incorporation of nanoparticles in drugs are taken into account. These nanomaterials are involved along with the biosynthesis of plant extract. In this study, selenium oxide nanoparticles (SeO-NPs), known as a significant trace element for human health, were synthesized in an eco-friendly manner. Methodology Green synthesis of Centella asiatica-mediated SeO-NPs was proceeded by titration method and nanoparticles were synthesized. The color intensity, morphological characters, functional properties, and involvement of phytochemical compounds were studied by using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Results The synthesized extract showed a color change from brown to ruby red. Results obtained by characterization and biological assays depicted that the Centella asiatica-mediated SeO-NPs showed absorbance at the peak level 320 nm by UV-Vis spectroscopy, several phytochemical compounds, and O-H functional groups by FT-IR which may be involved in the reduction of the selenium oxide nanoparticles. The XRD showed 57.1% crystalline and 42.6% amorphous nature. The SEM images showed that agglomerated spherical shapes were involved in biological activities. The EDX analysis showed the presence of Se, C, and O compounds. Further, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles showed significant activity in the multidrug-resistant respiratory pathogens. Conclusions Based on the characterization studies and biomedical assays, it can be concluded that the incorporation of SeO-NPs along with the plant extract serves as the best remedy and organic treatment for upper respiratory tract infections. We plan to conduct further in-vivo, toxicity-level studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounithaa Nataraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Durai Singh Carmelin
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - P Geetha Sravanthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
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Manmuan S, Tubtimsri S, Chaothanaphat N, Issaro N, Tantisira MH, Manmuan P. Determination of the anticancer activity of standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) on cell growth and metastatic behavior in oral cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:121-147. [PMID: 39035578 PMCID: PMC11257205 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_81_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The anticancer drugs used for oral cancer treatment present many disadvantages, such as low solubility, low permeability, and poor bioavailability. However, the anticancer activity of ECa 233 has not been widely studied. Therefore, the anticancer activity of ECa 233 was investigated in this study. Experimental approach MTT assay was carried out to determine cell viability. Characterizations of cell apoptosis were monitored using DAPI and FDA staining and Hoechst 33258 and AO staining. Confirmation of the apoptosis-induced KON cells was done using annexin V-FITC staining, and ROS generation was determined by DCFDA staining. Cell death and the cell cycle arrest activity of ECa 233 were demonstrated by a flow cytometer. The anti-migration and anti-invasion properties of ECa 233 were examined. The anti-proliferative of ECa 233 was investigated. Cellular uptake of ECa 233 was measured by TEER values. The pharmacokinetics of ECa 233 were estimated using the pkCSM web server. Findings/Results ECa 233 decreased the KON cell viability. Morphological analysis showed the KON cells' loss of cell stability and structure, disorganized nucleus and cytoplasm, and induced cell death. ECa 233 acted as a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and reduced the migration and invasion ability in KON cells. TEER values significantly increased in KON cells, which decreased cell colony and multicellular spheroid formations. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main components are of interest for future usage. Conclusion and implication ECa 233 can be used as an alternative therapy as well as a medicinal plant selected for sensitizing oral cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwisit Manmuan
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Sukannika Tubtimsri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Chaothanaphat
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Nipatha Issaro
- Department of Community Public Health, Songkhla Community College, Songkhla, 90150, Thailand
| | - Mayuree H. Tantisira
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Ponwit Manmuan
- Department of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Commerce, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
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Wan L, Song Z, Wang Z, Dong J, Chen Y, Hu J. Repair effect of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on damaged HaCaT cells studied by atomic force microscopy. J Microsc 2023; 292:148-157. [PMID: 37855555 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
People's choice of cosmetics is no longer just 'Follow the trend', but pays more attention to the ingredients of cosmetics, whether the ingredients of cosmetics are beneficial to people's skin health; therefore, more and more skin-healthy ingredients have been discovered and used in cosmetics. In this work, atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to provide physical information about biomolecules and living cells; it brings us a new method of high-precision physical measurement. Centella asiatica (L.) extract has the ability to promote skin wound healing, but its healing effect on damaged HaCaT cells needs to be investigated, which plays a key role in judging the effectiveness of skincare ingredients. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on ethanol-damaged human immortalised epidermal HaCaT cells based on AFM. We established a model of cellular damage and evaluated cell viability using the MTT assay. The physical changes of cell height, roughness, adhesion and Young's modulus were measured by AFM. The findings indicated that the Centella asiatica (L.) extract had a good repair effect on injured HaCaT cells, and the optimal concentration was 75 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wan
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | - Jianjun Dong
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
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P V, Mohanan M, U K S, E Pa S, U C A J. Graph Attention Network based mapping of knowledge relations between chemical spaces of Nuclear factor kappa B and Centella asiatica. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 107:107955. [PMID: 37734134 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The confounding nature of the innate immunity target Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its interaction with Centella asiatica (CA) molecules necessitate the intervention of advanced technologies, such as deep learning methods. The integration of chemical space concepts with deep learning technologies is a new way of knowledge mapping used to explore drug-target interactions, especially in molecular libraries derived from traditional medicine based molecular sources. The current constraint of virtual screening for mechanistic target hunting is the use of a binary classification model that includes active and inactive molecules from in vitro experiments to explore drug-target interaction. This study aims to explore the regulatory nature of the molecules from the inhibition and activation of the NF-κB bioassay data set and map this information for a knowledge-based analysis against the molecules of CA, a low-growing tropical plant. This finding has led to a new direction in the field, transitioning from the conventional active-inactive framework to a more comprehensive active-inactive-regulatory model. This approach can be thoroughly explored by leveraging a graph-based deep learning system. The study presents an innovative approach using a Graph Attention Network (GAT) to rank CA molecules in chemical space based on their similarity with NF-κB bioassay molecules, enabling the efficient analysis of complex relationships between molecules and their regulatory function. Graph Attention Network (GAT) overcomes the limitations of traditional deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) in handling non-Euclidean graph data and allows for a more precise understanding of similarity ranking by utilizing molecular graphs and attention behavior. By measuring similarity and arranging a matrix of similarity ranking based on GAT, deep neural ranking-based algorithms confirmed the regulatory behaviour of an innate immunity target NF-κB with the support of underlying inverse mapping in the surjective chemical spaces of NF-κB bioassays and CA molecular spaces. Overall, the study introduces new techniques for exploring the regulatory behaviour of complex targets like NF-κB. We then used t-SNE for clustering in chemical space and scaffold hunting for scaffold property analysis and identified nine CA molecules that exhibit regulatory behavior of NF-κB target and are recommended for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P
- UL Research Center, UL Cyber Park Calicut, India
| | | | | | - Sandesh E Pa
- UL Research Center, UL Cyber Park Calicut, India
| | - Jaleel U C A
- OSPF-NIAS Drug DIscovery Lab, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru, India
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Sarkar T, Salauddin M, Roy S, Chakraborty R, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Rengasamy KRR. Underutilized green leafy vegetables: frontier in fortified food development and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11679-11733. [PMID: 35816152 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
From the ancient period, Green leafy vegetables (GLV) are part of the daily diet and were believed to have several health beneficial properties. Later it has been proved that GLV has outstanding nutritional value and can be used for medicinal benefits. GLV is particularly rich in minerals like iron, calcium, and zinc. These are also rich in vitamins like beta carotene, vitamin E, K, B and vitamin C. In addition, some anti-nutritional elements in GLV can be reduced if it is grown properly and processed properly before consumption. Tropical countries have a wide variety of these green plants such as Red Spinach, Amaranth, Malabar Spinach, Taro Leaf, Fenugreek leaf, Bengal Gram Leaves, Radish Leaves, Mustard Leaves, and many more. This review focuses on listing this wide range of GLVs (in total 54 underutilized GLVs) and their compositions in a comparative manner. GLV also possesses medicinal activities due to its rich bioactive and nutritional potential. Different processing techniques may alter the nutritional and bioactive potential of the GLVs significantly. The GLVs have been considered a food fortification agent, though not explored widely. All of these findings suggest that increasing GLV consumption could provide nutritional requirements necessary for proper growth as well as adequate protection against diseases caused by malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Mir Madan Mohanlal Government Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management, The First Cossack University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E, Zamora-Bello I, Castañeda-Morales JM, Díaz-Vallejo JJ, Rosales-Sánchez Ó, Rodríguez-Landa JF. The standardized extract of Centella asiatica L. Urb attenuates the convulsant effect induced by lithium/pilocarpine without affecting biochemical and haematological parameters in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:343. [PMID: 37759286 PMCID: PMC10523769 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is a type of epileptic activity characterized by a failure of the inhibitory mechanisms that limit seizures, which are mainly regulated by the GABAergic system. This imbalance increases glutamatergic neurotransmission and consequently produces epileptic activity. It is also associated with oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences. Unfortunately, long-term treatment with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) may produce hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and haematological alterations. In this way, some secondary metabolites of plants have been used to ameliorate the deterioration of nervous system disorders through their antioxidant properties, in addition to their anticonvulsant effects. An example is Centella asiatica, a plant noted to have a reputed neuroprotective effect related to its antioxidant activity. However, similar to conventional drugs, natural molecules may produce side effects when consumed in high doses, which could occur with Centella asiatica. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica L. Urb with tested anticonvulsant activity on biochemical and haematological parameters in rats subjected to lithium/pilocarpine-induced seizures. METHODS Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 each): vehicle (purified water), Centella asiatica (200 and 400 mg/kg), and carbamazepine (CBZ) (300 mg/kg) as a pharmacological control of anticonvulsant activity. Treatments were administered orally every 24 h for 35 consecutive days. On Day 36, SE was induced using the lithium/pilocarpine model (3 mEq/kg, i.p. and 30 mg/kg s.c., respectively), and the behavioural and biochemical effects were evaluated. RESULTS Centella asiatica 400 mg/kg increased the latency to the first generalized seizure and SE onset and significantly reduced the time to the first generalized seizure compared to values in the vehicle group. Biochemical parameters, i.e., haematic cytometry, blood chemistry, and liver function tests, showed no significant differences among the different treatments. CONCLUSION The dose of Centella asiatica that produces anticonvulsant activity in the lithium/pilocarpine model devoid of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and alterations in haematological parameters suggests that the standardized extract of this plant could be of utility in the development of new safe therapies for the treatment of convulsions associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac Zamora-Bello
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | | | - Óscar Rosales-Sánchez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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7
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Taghizadeh M, Jalili S. Phytochemical content, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial activities of Centella asiatica L. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37708329 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2258439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study is an evaluation of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoids, total flavonols, anthocyanin, antioxidants, and antibacterial activities. Centella asiatica plants were collected from Guilan province, Iran. High-performance liquid chromatography-Diode array detector analysis demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of C. asiatica contained phenolic substances such as sinapic acid, catechin, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, hesperidin, eugenol, and hesperetin. The predominant phenolic compound in the extract was hesperetin. The antibacterial activities of the extract were highly potent against S. aureus and B. cereus. These findings suggest that C. asiatica is rich in phenolic compounds and can be utilised for future cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Taghizadeh
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Jalili
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Moreira J, Machado M, Dias-Teixeira M, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. The neuroprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicinal plants-A critical review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3208-3237. [PMID: 37655317 PMCID: PMC10465969 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are increasingly affecting individuals' quality of life, thus increasing their cost to social and health systems. These diseases have overlapping mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, and the available therapies have adverse effects and low efficacy. For neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, the current therapies are not adequate to one-third of the patients, the so-called treatment-resistant patients. So, searching for new treatments is fundamental. Medicinal plants appear as a strong alternative and complement towards new treatment protocols, as they have been used for health purposes for thousands of years. Thus, the main goal of this review is to revisit the neuroprotective potential of some of the most predominant medicinal plants (and one fungus) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), focusing on their proven mechanisms of action and their chemical compositions, to give clues on how they can be useful against neurodegeneration progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Mariana Machado
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa 1950-396, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
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Ueoka AR, Sufi BS, Magalhães WV, Fernandes L, Andreo-Filho N, Leite-Silva VR, Lopes PS. Flow cytometry as an alternative method to evaluate genotoxicity of natural cosmetic actives. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:958-968. [PMID: 36250215 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alternative in vitro methods are important, as there is a call to ban the use of animals in cosmetics research. AIM To suggest the expansion of the use of in vitro safety techniques recommended by the OECD guidelines and to propose the use of the automation of the in vitro mammalian micronucleus test method by flow cytometry to assess the genotoxic potential of Centella asiatica, Horse Chestnut, Witch Hazel, Blend, Ecoblend, and Caffeine extracts due to their widespread use in commercial products. METHODS Flow cytometer analysis was performed using the Accuri™ C6 equipment and analyzed using the FlowJo software. Cytotoxicity tests followed OECD 129 guidelines and Phototoxicity followed OECD/GD 432 guidelines. RESULTS The results showed that the cytotoxicity assay presented a decrease in cell viability when cells were exposed to Centella asiatica from a concentration of 5.0%, horse chestnut 2.5%, Witch hazel 2.5%, Blend 3.13%, and Caffeine 3%, while Ecoblend at the tested concentrations did not show cytotoxicity. In the phototoxicity test, the samples at the tested concentrations showed a PIF <2 being considered potentially non-phototoxic. Finally, in the genotoxicity automated assay, samples were considered potentially non-genotoxic. CONCLUSION In vitro methods are of paramount importance for the development of pre-clinical tests and the use of test automation helps to reduce the time for analysis and dissemination of results, being a determining factor for the prospect of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza R Ueoka
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liliam Fernandes
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Newton Andreo-Filho
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Vania R Leite-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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Seong E, Heo H, Sang Jeong H, Lee H, Lee J. Enhancement of bioactive compounds and biological activities of Centella asiatica through ultrasound treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106353. [PMID: 36889177 PMCID: PMC10015234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica possess various health-promoting activities owing to its bioactive compounds such as triterpenes, flavonoids, and vitamins. Ultrasound treatment during the post-harvest process is a good strategy for eliciting secondary metabolite in plants. The present study investigated the effect of ultrasound treatment for different time durations on the bioactive compounds and biological activities of C. asiatica leaves. The leaves were treated with ultrasound for 5, 10, and 20 min. Ultrasound elicitation (especially for 10 min) markedly elevated the accumulation of stress markers, leading to enhanced phenolic-triggering enzyme activities. The accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities were also significantly improved compared with that in untreated leaves. In addition, ultrasound-treated C. asiatica leaves protected myoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by regulating reactive oxygen species production, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. These findings indicate that elicitation using ultrasound can be a simple method for increasing functional compound production and enhancing biological activities in C. asiatica leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Seong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Huijin Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Centella asiatica-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:5S-22S. [PMID: 36812692 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231158272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 9 Centella asiatica-derived ingredients, which reportedly function primarily as skin conditioning agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients. The Panel concluded that Centella Asiatica Extract, Centella Asiatica Callus Culture, Centella Asiatica Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Cell Culture Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Water, Centella Asiatica Meristem Cell Culture, Centella Asiatica Meristem Cell Culture Extract, and Centella Asiatica Root Extract are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-sensitizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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12
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Rashid MHO, Akter MM, Uddin J, Islam S, Rahman M, Jahan K, Sarker MMR, Sadik G. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and thrombolytic activities of Centella asiatica L.: possible role of phenolics and flavonoids. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-023-00353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Centella asiatica L. (Apiaceae), a green leafy vegetable, has been used as a popular folk medicine in Bangladesh in the treatment of various ailments. The plant is reported to contain phenolics and flavonoids, but their bioactive potentials are not yet completely known. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the phenolic and flavonoids in the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and thrombolytic activities.
Methods
Four solvent fractions viz. methanol (MSF), ethyl acetate (ESF), chloroform (CSF) and petroleum ether (PSF) were prepared from the dried powder of the whole plant by the modified Kupchan method. Total phenolic content and flavonoid content were determined by Folin Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. The antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Thrombolytic activity was assayed using streptokinase as standard.
Results
Qualitative analysis of phytochemical revealed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids along with other bioactive constituents. Among the extractives, CSF contained the highest content of phenolics (155.46 ± 0.52 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (345.17 ± 1.12 mg QE/g) and exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity (179.01 ± 0.89 mg AAE/g) and DPPH scavenging ability (IC50; 15.31 ± 0.32 µg/mL). Similarly, CSF showed the highest cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 13.80 ± 0.23 µg/mL, and thrombolytic activity with 43.94 ± 0.62% clot lysis. The fraction also exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity. A significant correlation was observed between the flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity (r2 = 0.894, p < 0.05), while high correlation was seen between phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity (r2 = 0.612–0.928). Similarly, a positive correlation was found between phenolic and flavonoid content with thrombolytic and antibacterial activities.
Conclusion
These results revealed that C. asiatica is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids and correlated with antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and thrombolytic activities. Hence isolation of phenolics and flavonoids from this plant may offer potential candidates which may be effective in the prevention of many chronic diseases.
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Macalalad MAB, Gonzales AA. In-silico screening and identification of phytochemicals from Centella asiatica as potential inhibitors of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 for treating diabetes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12221-12238. [PMID: 34455930 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1969282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) is a major transport protein responsible for reabsorption of glucose from the kidney back to the bloodstream. Inhibiting this protein effectively lowers the glucose level of diabetic patients; however, the use of synthetic SGLT-2 inhibitors has been linked to some serious adverse effects. There is a need to identify safer alternatives that are equally or more effective as the current inhibitor drugs. Phytochemicals are known for their efficacy as herbal remedies, but these molecules remain underexplored as source of therapeutic agents. In this study, we performed in silico screening to identify potential SGLT-2 inhibitors from the 21 phytochemicals from Centella asiatica. Docking results identified eleven compounds with estimated binding energies comparable to that of known inhibitors drugs. The stability of the complexes was then elucidated using 100 ns MD simulations. From our dynamic binding free energy calculations using MM/PBSA, asiaticoside, betulinic acid, centellasapogenol, methyl brahmate, and rutin exceeded at least one of the binding energies of the reference compounds, which highlights their strong affinity towards SGLT-2. Among the five, betulinic acid, centellasapogenol, and methyl brahmate maintained their structural stability to the same extent as the references and exhibited better oral bioavailability and excellent drug-like properties. Because of these results, it is recommended to prioritize betulinic acid, centellasapogenol, and methyl brahmate in future in vitro and in vivo studies to verify their potential as inhibitor drugs for diabetes therapies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Andrian B Macalalad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Arthur A Gonzales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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14
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Huang X, Jia Z, Li X, Hu Z, Yu X, Xia J. Asiaticoside
hampers epithelial–mesenchymal transition by promoting PPARG expression and suppressing P2RX7‐mediated TGF‐β/Smad signaling in triple‐negative breast cancer. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1771-1786. [PMID: 36444395 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10-20% of all human ductal adenocarcinomas and has a poor prognosis relative to other subtypes because of its high propensity to develop metastases. Here, the anticancer effects of asiaticoside (AC) against TNBC and the possible underlying mechanism were examined. We found that AC inhibited the TGF-β1 expression and the SMAD2/3 phosphorylation in TNBC cells, thereby impairing the TGF-β/SMAD signaling. AC inhibited the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TNBC cells by suppressing the TGF-β/SMAD signaling. Meanwhile, AC inhibited the lung metastasis of TNBC cells in vivo and the expression of p-SMAD2/3 and vimentin, and increased the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 in the lung. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) was identified as a potential target of AC. AC increased PPARG expression, while PPARG knockdown attenuated the therapeutic effect of AC. AC-mediated PPARG overexpression suppressed the transcription of P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7). The restoration of P2RX7 reversed the therapeutic effect of AC. These results suggested that AC blocked P2RX7-mediated TGF-β/SMAD signaling by increasing PPARG expression, thereby suppressing EMT in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Huang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Zhiqin Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Xiangyue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Zhilan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Jiyi Xia
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine Dazhou China
- Medical Engineering & Medical Informatics Integration and Transformational Medicine Key LaboRatory of Luzhou City Luzhou China
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15
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Ganie IB, Ahmad Z, Shahzad A, Zaushintsena A, Neverova O, Ivanova S, Wasi A, Tahseen S. Biotechnological Intervention and Secondary Metabolite Production in Centella asiatica L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2928. [PMID: 36365380 PMCID: PMC9656378 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica L., commonly known as Gotu kola, Indian pennywort, and Asiatic pennyworts, is an herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae and has long been used in the traditional medicine system. The plant is known to produce a wide range of active metabolites such as triterpenoids including asiatic acid, asiaticoside, brahmoside, and madecassic acid along with other constituents including centellose, centelloside, and madecassoside, etc., which show immense pharmacological activity. Due to its beneficial role in neuroprotection activity, the plant has been considered as a brain tonic. However, limited cultivation, poor seed viability with low germination rate, and overexploitation for decades have led to severe depletion and threatened its wild stocks. The present review aimed to provide up-to-date information on biotechnological tools applied to this endangered medicinal plant for its in vitro propagation, direct or indirect regeneration, synthetic seed production, strategies for secondary metabolite productions including different elicitors. In addition, a proposed mechanism for the biosynthesis of triterpenoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Bashir Ganie
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Zishan Ahmad
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Anwar Shahzad
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Alexandra Zaushintsena
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Department of Ecology and Nature Management, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Olga Neverova
- Department of Ecology and Nature Management, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Adla Wasi
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sabaha Tahseen
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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16
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Characterization of asiaticoside concentration, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of different varieties of Centella asiatica (L.) and essential oil extraction using hydro-distillation with enzyme assisted. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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A Review of Medicinal Plants of the Himalayas with Anti-Proliferative Activity for the Treatment of Various Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163898. [PMID: 36010892 PMCID: PMC9406073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drugs are used to treat cancer. Most drugs available in the market are chemosynthetic drugs and have side effects on the patient during and after the treatment, in addition to cancer itself. For instance, hair loss, loss of skin color and texture, loss of energy, nausea, infertility, etc. To overcome these side effects, naturally obtained drugs from medicinal plants are preferred. Our review paper aims to encourage the study of anticancer medicinal plants by giving detailed information on thirty-three medicinal plants and parts that constitute the phytochemicals responsible for the treatment of cancer. The development of plant-based drugs could be a game changer in treating cancer as well as boosting the immune system. Abstract Cancer is a serious and significantly progressive disease. Next to cardiovascular disease, cancer has become the most common cause of mortality in the entire world. Several factors, such as environmental factors, habitual activities, genetic factors, etc., are responsible for cancer. Many cancer patients seek alternative and/or complementary treatments because of the high death rate linked with cancer and the adverse side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Traditional medicine has a long history that begins with the hunt for botanicals to heal various diseases, including cancer. In the traditional medicinal system, several plants used to treat diseases have many bioactive compounds with curative capability, thereby also helping in disease prevention. Plants also significantly contributed to the modern pharmaceutical industry throughout the world. In the present review, we have listed 33 medicinal plants with active and significant anticancer activity, as well as their anticancer compounds. This article will provide a basic set of information for researchers interested in developing a safe and nontoxic active medicinal plant-based treatment for cancer. The research will give a scientific foundation for the traditional usage of these medicinal herbs to treat cancer.
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Naidoo DB, Phulukdaree A, Krishnan A, Chuturgoon AA, Sewram V. Centella asiatica Modulates Nrf-2 Antioxidant Mechanisms and Enhances Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Leukemic (THP-1) Cells. J Med Food 2022; 25:760-769. [PMID: 35675643 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is commonly used in traditional medicine owing to its many therapeutic properties including but not limited to antioxidant and antitumor potential. This study examined the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of its crude (C) and fractionated (C3) ethanolic leaf extracts in THP-1 cells. In THP-1 cells, C and C3 cytotoxicity was evaluated (WST-1 viability assay; 24 h; [0.2-3 mg/mL]) and half maximal inhibitory concentration was obtained. Malondialdehyde (MDA; spectrophotometry), mitochondrial depolarization (Δψm), intracellular reactive oxygen species (IROS; flow cytometry), glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GSSG) concentrations, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, caspase activities (luminometry) and DNA fragmentation (single cell gel electrophoresis assay) were evaluated. Protein expression and gene expression was quantified by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. THP-1 cell viability was dose-dependently reduced by C and C3. MDA, IROS, GSH, and Δψm were increased and ATP was decreased by C and C3 (P < .01). Antioxidant gene expression, Nrf-2 protein expression, and GSSG levels (P < .01) were increased by C, but were decreased by C3. C and C3 elevated caspase activity and DNA damage (P < .0001), whereas they decreased glutathione peroxidase and Bcl-2 protein expressions (P < .003). c-PARP protein expression and c-myc gene expression was decreased by C, whereas they were increased by C3 (P < .002). C3 reduced OGG-1 gene expression (P < .0003). Antioxidant responses were increased by C, whereas they were decreased by C3. Both C and C3 exerted antiproliferative effects in THP-1 cells by enhancing apoptosis. Of note, C3 more effectively induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaneshree Bestinee Naidoo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil Amichund Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vikash Sewram
- African Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Huang CF, Hung TW, Yang SF, Tsai YL, Yang JT, Lin CL, Hsieh YH. Asiatic acid from centella asiatica exert anti-invasive ability in human renal cancer cells by modulation of ERK/p38MAPK-mediated MMP15 expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154036. [PMID: 35316724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally pentacyclic triterpenoids extracted from traditional medicine Centella asiatica l. that has demonstrated possesses potential health benefits and antitumor ability. However, the precise anticancer effects and mechanisms by which AA impact RCC cells remains unclear. METHODS Cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were detected by MTT, colony formation assay and PI stain by flow cytometry, respectively. Cell mobility and invasiveness were determined by in vitro migration and invasion assay. The secretory MMP15 was detected by ELISA assay. Quantitative RT-PCR, siRNA, and immunoblot were used to determine gene expression/regulation and protein expression, respectively. Antimetastatic effect of AA were performed to lung nodule numbers in vivo metastasis mice model. MMP15, pERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our findings indicated cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution of RCC cells were not significantly influenced by AA treatment. AA suppressed cell migration, invasion and significantly down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of MMP-15 (Matrix Metallopeptidase-15). Activation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK were inhibited with AA, whereas combined AA with siRNA-ERK or siRNA-p38MAPK markedly reduced the metastatic effect and decreased MMP-15 expression in 786-O and A498 cells. Finally, AA significantly reduced the lung metastasis formation and metastasis-related proteins of human 786-O cells in vivo metastasis mice model. CONCLUSION AA inhibits the metastatic properties of RCC cells via inhibition of the p-ERK/p-p38MAPK axis and the subsequent down-regulation of MMP-15 in vitro and in vivo. Further study of AA as a potential anti-metastatic agent for RCC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Te Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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20
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Challenges and Opportunities in the Application of Chemometrics in the Pharmaceutical and Food Science Industries. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9823497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Arribas-López E, Zand N, Ojo O, Snowden MJ, Kochhar T. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Centella asiatica on Wound Healing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3266. [PMID: 35328954 PMCID: PMC8956065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under metabolic stress conditions, there is a higher demand for nutrients which needs to be met. This is to reduce the risk of delay in wound healing which could lead to chronic wound. AIM This is a systematic review of the effect of Centella asiatica on wound healing. C. asiatica is a traditional medicinal plant used due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and wound healing properties. METHODS PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed for the systematic review and four electronic databases were used. RESULTS Four clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. The following distinct areas were identified under C. asiatica: wound contraction and granulation; healing/bleeding time and re-epithelialization; VAS (visual analogue scale) scores; skin erythema and wound appearance. CONCLUSIONS C. asiatica might enhance wound healing resulting from improved angiogenesis. This might occur due to its stimulating effect on collagen I, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) production. Besides, C. asiatica has shown an anti-inflammatory effect observed by the reduction in Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Delivery systems such as nanoencapsulation could be used to increase C. asiatica bioavailability. Nevertheless, more studies are needed in order to perform a meta-analysis and ascertain the effects of C. asiatica on wound healing and its different parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arribas-López
- School of Science, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (E.A.-L.); (N.Z.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Nazanin Zand
- School of Science, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (E.A.-L.); (N.Z.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, Avery Hill Campus, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Road, London SE9 2UG, UK
| | - Martin John Snowden
- School of Science, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (E.A.-L.); (N.Z.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Tony Kochhar
- HCA London Bridge Hospital, Tooley Street, London SE1 2PR, UK;
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22
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Nurdin M, Yulianty R, Latief S, Prihantono, Abu J, Usman AN. Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban extract in TNF-α levels. GACETA SANITARIA 2021; 35 Suppl 2:S281-S283. [PMID: 34929832 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Centella asiatica leaf extract to TNF-α levels. METHODS There were four treatment groups (each group consisted of five rats). Group I was given 0.5% Na CMC, group II was given Cefadroxil 45mg/kg WB, Group III C. asiatica leaf extract 100mg/kg BW, and group IV combination Cefadroxil and Centella leaf extract. Each group was given treatment twice for 12h a day for five days. RESULTS TNF-α levels between groups did not significantly affect day three and differed significantly after day 6. On day 3, the control group had a higher TNF-α level of 25.13pg/ml than the group given antibiotics and C. asiatica. While when compared to the group given only C. asiatica leaf extract, the control group was more height of 17.1pg/ml. On the 6th day, this condition was changed. The most significant difference was found in the group given C. asiatica, in which the control group had higher levels of TNF-α 72.34pg/ml than the group receiving C. asiatica. Then, the control group is higher than 66.46pg/ml than those given antibiotics and C. asiatica. CONCLUSION C. asiatica leaf extract effectively reduces TNF both given alone and given along with antibiotics. It is potential to be explored into alternative and complementary treatments in mastitis cases with human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melliyana Nurdin
- Midwifery Study Program, Graduated School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
| | - Risfah Yulianty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.
| | - Syamsa Latief
- Midwifery Study Program, Graduated School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
| | - Prihantono
- Department of Oncology, Medicine Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
| | - Jasmin Abu
- Midwifery Study Program, Graduated School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
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23
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Bunaim MK, Kamisah Y, Mohd Mustazil MN, Fadhlullah Zuhair JS, Juliana AH, Muhammad N. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Prevents Hypertension and Protects the Heart in Chronic Nitric Oxide Deficiency Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:742562. [PMID: 34925007 PMCID: PMC8678489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.742562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the number one cause of global mortality. The potential use of natural products to alleviate high blood pressure has been demonstrated to exert a cardioprotective effect. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. belongs to the plant family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). It contains a high amount of triterpenoid and flavonoid that have antioxidant properties and are involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which is an important hormonal system for blood pressure regulation. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of C. asiatica ethanolic extract on blood pressure and heart in a hypertensive rat model, which was induced using oral N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and were given different treatments for 8 weeks. Group 1 only received deionized water. Groups 2, 4, and 5 were given l-NAME (40 mg/kg, orally). Groups 4 and 5 concurrently received C. asiatica extract (500 mg/kg, orally) and captopril (5 mg/kg, orally), respectively. Group 3 only received C. asiatica extract (500 mg/kg body weight, orally). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at weeks 0, 4, and 8, while serum nitric oxide (NO) was measured at weeks 0 and 8. At necropsy, cardiac and aortic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and serum level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured. Results: After 8 weeks, the administrations of C. asiatica extract and captopril showed significant (p < 0.05) effects on preventing the elevation of SBP, reducing the serum nitric oxide level, as well as increasing the cardiac and aortic MDA content, cardiac ACE activity, and serum brain natriuretic peptide level. Conclusion: C. asiatica extract can prevent the development of hypertension and cardiac damage induced by l-NAME, and these effects were comparable to captopril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khairulanwar Bunaim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Mohd Mustazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Hamid Juliana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shrihastini V, Muthuramalingam P, Adarshan S, Sujitha M, Chen JT, Shin H, Ramesh M. Plant Derived Bioactive Compounds, Their Anti-Cancer Effects and In Silico Approaches as an Alternative Target Treatment Strategy for Breast Cancer: An Updated Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246222. [PMID: 34944840 PMCID: PMC8699774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases that occur worldwide, among which breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. The subtypes are associated with differences in the outcome and were selected for treatments according to the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor. Triple-negative breast cancer, one of the subtypes of breast cancer, is difficult to treat and can even lead to death. If breast cancer is not treated during the initial stages, it may spread to nearby organs, a process called metastasis, through the blood or lymph system. For in vitro studies, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and T47B are the most commonly used breast cancer cell lines. Clinically, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are usually expensive and can also cause side effects. To overcome these issues, medicinal plants could be the best alternative for chemotherapeutic drugs with fewer side effects and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the genes involved in breast cancer can be regulated and synergized with signaling molecules to suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells. In addition, nanoparticles encapsulating (nano-encapsulation) medicinal plant extracts showed a significant reduction in the apoptotic and cytotoxic activities of breast cancer cells. This present review mainly speculates an overview of the native medicinal plant derived anti-cancerous compounds with its efficiency, types and pathways involved in breast cancer along with its genes, the mechanism of breast cancer brain metastasis, chemoresistivity and its mechanism, bioinformatics approaches which could be an effective alternative for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Shrihastini
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (J.-T.C.)
| | - Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Mariappan Sujitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (J.-T.C.)
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (M.R.)
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Transcriptome sequencing revealed the influence of blue light on the expression levels of light-stress response genes in Centella asiatica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260468. [PMID: 34843573 PMCID: PMC8629183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is rich in medical and cosmetic properties. While physiological responses of C. asiatica to light have been widely reported, the knowledge of the effects of light on its gene expression is sparse. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the expression of the C. asiatica genes in response to monochromatic red and blue light. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under blue light were up-regulated but those under red light were down-regulated. The DEGs encoded for CRY-DASH and UVR3 were among up-regulated genes that play significant roles in responses under blue light. The DEGs involved in the response to photosystem II photodamages and in the biosynthesis of photoprotective xanthophylls were also up-regulated. The expression of flavonoid biosynthetic DEGs under blue light was up-regulated but that under red light was down-regulated. Correspondingly, total flavonoid content under blue light was higher than that under red light. The ABI5, MYB4, and HYH transcription factors appeared as hub nodes in the protein-protein interaction network of the DEGs under blue light while ERF38 was a hub node among the DEGs under red light. In summary, stress-responsive genes were predominantly up-regulated under blue light to respond to stresses that could be induced under high energy light. The information obtained from this study can be useful to better understand the responses of C. asiatica to different light qualities.
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Abstract
The excess level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturbs the oxidative balance leading to oxidative stress, which, in turn, causes diabetes mellites, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. These effects of ROS and oxidative stress can be balanced by dietary antioxidants. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the use of herbal products for personal and beauty care. The Apiaceae (previously Umbelliferae) family is a good source of antioxidants, predominantly phenolic compounds, therefore, widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cosmeceutical, flavor, and perfumery industries. These natural antioxidants include polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acids, and exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, and anticancer. This review discusses the Apiaceae family plants as an important source of antioxidants their therapeutic value and the use in cosmetics.
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Zhu Z, Cui L, Yang J, Vong CT, Hu Y, Xiao J, Chan G, He Z, Zhong Z. Anticancer effects of asiatic acid against doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 92:153737. [PMID: 34560519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asiatic acid is one of the active compounds isolated from Centella asiatica and has been used to treat many diseases, including hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. It exhibits anticancer effects in many cancers, such as ovarian, lung and colon cancer; however, its anticancer effects in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Chemoresistance is often induced after the use of chemotherapy, and it is a challenging problem in cancer therapy. The effects of asiatic acid on chemoresistance in breast cancer have never been studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the anticancer effects of asiatic acid in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF-7 cells. METHODS The cells were incubated with asiatic acid at 0-160 μM for 2-24 h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated by 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Florescent images were taken using a confocal microscope. P-gp function and apoptosis assays were performed using flow cytometry. Caspase activity was measured with the Caspase-Glo™ Assay System. The phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were assessed by western blots. Molecular docking was performed and scored by AutoDock. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was applied for experimental valuation. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that asiatic acid induced cell death in multiple ways, including reactive oxygen species production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content reduction, and adaptive immunity balance via intrinsic apoptosis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and indirect nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcriptional pathways, using experimental validation and in silico analysis. Moreover, asiatic acid also enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin by improving P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that asiatic acid has strong anticancer effects to reverse multidrug resistance and could be developed as a promising adjuvant drug for the treatment of chemoresistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Juszczyk G, Mikulska J, Kasperek K, Pietrzak D, Mrozek W, Herbet M. Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091439. [PMID: 34573069 PMCID: PMC8470444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.
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Optimized Extraction Method for Kleeb Bua Daeng Formula with the Aid of the Experimental Design. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1457729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kleeb Bua Daeng formula is one of the popular remedies sold in Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Thailand. This formula contains Piper nigrum L., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., and Centella asiatica L. as active components. Owing to getting the highest content of its phytochemical compounds, the conditions of solvent extraction for this formula were optimized. The type of solvent, number of extraction times, and ratio between the material and solvent were varied in this study using the Box–Behnken design. The important phytochemical constituents (total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) were also determined. From the result of this study, it was found that the highest content of each total active compound was obtained from different conditions such as the optimal extraction condition of phenolic content was obtained using methanol as solvent, one time of extraction, and the ratio of powder and solvent was 1 : 6. Thus, the variation of solvent extraction condition could affect the phytochemical content. Further studies about the herbal formula involving the extraction process should concern the variation of extraction conditions to get the highest content of the active compound.
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Wong JX, Ramli S. Antimicrobial activity of different types of Centella asiatica extracts against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Idris FN, Mohd Nadzir M. Comparative Studies on Different Extraction Methods of Centella asiatica and Extracts Bioactive Compounds Effects on Antimicrobial Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040457. [PMID: 33920563 PMCID: PMC8073564 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest of consumers in using products containing phytochemicals derived from plants is growing day by day due to the shift of consumers' preferences from convenience to environmental sustainability. One plant utilized in many products is Centella asiatica, a herb commonly used in folk medicine, health supplements, and beauty products. Extraction of bioactive compounds from C. asiatica was performed using conventional methods and modern methods (e.g., microwave or ultrasound-assisted and subcritical water extraction). This review summarizes the variety of methods used to extract active compounds from C. asiatica, their influence on the bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, and the safety and toxicology of C. asiatica extract.
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Damayanti S, Fabelle NR, Yooin W, Insanu M, Jiranusornkul S, Wongrattanakamon P. Molecular modeling for potential cathepsin L inhibitor identification as new anti-photoaging agents from tropical medicinal plants. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:259-274. [PMID: 33818669 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet exposure can cause photoaging toward the human skin which is begun by the inflammation on the exposure area, also resulting in activation of a degradative enzyme cathepsin L. This enzyme is one of the interesting novel therapeutic targets for antiaging agents. Three plants, named Kleinhovia hospita, Aleurites moluccana, and Centella asiatica, are well-known in the tropical region as anti-inflammatory herbs. The aims of this study were to predict the antiaging activity of the 31 compounds from these plants via inhibition of cathepsin L. All compounds were minimized their energies and then used in molecular docking. After that, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed for the 5 candidate ligands and the positive control; schinol. Interaction analysis results of the pre-MD and post-MD simulation structures were obtained. Furthermore, a toxicity test was performed using ADMET Predictor 7.1. Based on the molecular docking and the MD simulation results, kleinhospitine A, β-amyrin, and castiliferol exhibited lower binding free energy than schinol (-27.0925, -28.6813, -26.0037 kcal/mol) and also had interactions with the S´ region binding site. The toxicity test indicated that β-amyrin is the most potential candidate since it exhibited the lowest binding energy and the high safety level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophi Damayanti
- Pharmacochemistry Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- University Center of Excellence on Artificial Intelligence for Vision, Natural Language Processing & Big Data Analytics (U-CoE AI-VLB), Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nabilla Rizkia Fabelle
- Pharmacochemistry Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Wipawadee Yooin
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Simulation (LMDS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Muhamad Insanu
- Pharmaceutical Biology Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Simulation (LMDS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Pathomwat Wongrattanakamon
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Simulation (LMDS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Liu Y, Wang W, Miao J. New Antiproliferative Dibenzo-α-Pyrone From Whole Plants of Centella asiatica. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new compound, 1,3,7,9-tetrahydroxy-6 H-dibenzo[ b, d]pyran-6-one (1), together with 6 known compounds (2-7), was isolated from the extract of whole plants of Centella asiatica. The chemical structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against 4 human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, Hela, and A549). Among them, compound 1 was found to exhibit significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 4.1 and 7.2 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of EICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jian Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Phaisan S, Makkliang F, Putalun W, Sakamoto S, Yusakul G. Development of a colorless Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. extract using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) optimized by response surface methodology. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8741-8750. [PMID: 35423359 PMCID: PMC8695212 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09934a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study outlines a green process for Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (CA) extraction. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were combined to provide a high bioactive compound yield and high antioxidant activity. Among the NADESs evaluated, the combination of acetylcholine chloride : malic acid : water (1 : 2 : 2): water (40 : 60) was the best for extraction. These conditions provide high madecassoside (MS) (21.7 mg g-1 dry weight) and asiaticoside (AS) (12.7 mg g-1 dry weight) yields, with greater than 80% (v/v) EtOH (13.3 mg g-1 MS and 7.80 mg g-1 AS). In addition, the extracts from this process showed higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.26 mg mL-1) than the CA aqueous EtOH and water extracts. Moreover, the color of the extract products was less green than that of the extracts prepared using EtOH and aqueous EtOH as solvents, which are suitable for cosmeceutical products. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for MAE optimization. The ANOVA data from the central composition design (CCD) of RSM were fitted with quadratic models yielding acceptable R 2 (>0.93), adjusted R 2 (>0.87), predicted R 2 (>0.81), and nonsignificant lack of fit (p > 0.05) values. The quadratic model was validated using optimal conditions (30 s, power 300 W, and a liquid to solid ratio 20 mL g-1), and the model validation showed more than 80% accuracy in both MS and AS yields. This research presented an effective green process for CA extraction, which resulted in an environmentally friendly CA extract requiring little energy consumption and no organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppalak Phaisan
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University Thaiburi, Thasala Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand
| | - Fonthip Makkliang
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University Thaiburi, Thasala Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University-Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University Thaiburi, Thasala Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand
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Cosmetic and Dermatological Properties of Selected Ayurvedic Plant Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030614. [PMID: 33503925 PMCID: PMC7866120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the constantly growing interest in ingredients of natural origin, this study attempts to evaluate the possibility of using extracts from three Ayurvedic plants in preparations for the care and treatment of skin diseases. Therefore, studies of antioxidant properties were carried out using DPPH and ABTS radicals, obtaining 76% and 88% of these radical scavenging, respectively. A significant decrease in the intracellular level of free radicals and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase by almost 60% were also observed. In addition, the extracts were assessed for anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, obtaining over 70% inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and almost 40% of collagenase. Additionally, the cytoprotective properties of the obtained extracts on skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, were demonstrated. To assess the content of biologically active compounds, HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analyses were performed. The obtained results show that all three analyzed plants are a valuable source of biologically active substances with desired properties in the context of skin cell protection. Particularly noteworthy is the extract of Epilobium angustifolium L., for which the most promising results were obtained.
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Bhatia N, Kumar A, Kaur P, George B, Kaur N, Khan MU, Dhawan RK. Protective effect of Prunus amygdalus nut extract on chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced memory deficits and biochemical alterations in rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aizad S, Zubairi SI, Yahaya BH, Lazim AM. Centella asiatica Extract Potentiates Anticancer Activity in an Improved 3-D PHBV-Composite-CMC A549 Lung Cancer Microenvironment Scaffold. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Polymeric colloidal nanocarriers entrapped with Centella asiatica extract. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zofia NŁ, Martyna ZD, Aleksandra Z, Tomasz B. Comparison of the Antiaging and Protective Properties of Plants from the Apiaceae Family. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5307614. [PMID: 32963698 PMCID: PMC7501569 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5307614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant materials play a very significant role as components of products being used both for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Due to the high content of active substances, they can play an important role as extracts with antioxidant, regenerative, and antiaging properties. The skin aging process depends on various pathological and physiological processes, among which the degradation of extracellular matrix biomolecules such as collagen and elastin, which significantly affect the maintenance of good skin condition, is very important. The secondary metabolites and plant extracts may have collagenase and elastase inhibitory activity. This activity is mainly due to the high content of a wide range of various biologically active compounds, such as polyphenols, which include, among others, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tocopherols, and tannins. The work involved a comprehensive assessment of the plant from Apiaceae family such as Meum athamanticum L., Centella asiatica L., and Aegopodium podagraria L. extract as a multifunctional raw material. During study antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds and flavonoids content, effect on collagenase and elastase enzyme activity (antiaging effect), cytotoxic properties on skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts), and cell migration capacity were analyzed. It has been shown that the highest antioxidant capacity can be observed for the extract of herb of Aegopodium podagraria L. When the concentration reached 5% all tested extracts had a positive effect on the cell proliferation of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It turned out that the most promising inhibitor of collagenase and elastase enzymes was the extract from Aegopodium podagraria, which inhibits the activity of both enzymes by over 70% in the concentration of 5% positively affecting the condition of skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizioł-Łukaszewska Zofia
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Zagórska-Dziok Martyna
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Ziemlewska Aleksandra
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Bujak Tomasz
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
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Zhang ZH, He JQ, Zhao YY, Chen HC, Tan NH. Asiatic acid prevents renal fibrosis in UUO rats via promoting the production of 15d-PGJ2, an endogenous ligand of PPAR-γ. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:373-382. [PMID: 31705123 PMCID: PMC7471452 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an inevitable outcome of all kinds of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid compound from Chinese medicine Centella asiatica, has been found to attenuate renal fibrosis. In the current study, we explored the mechanisms underlying antifibrotic effect of AA on UUO model. SD rats and ICR mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) surgery. Prior the surgery, rats were administered AA (10 mg·kg-1 per day, ig) for 7 days, whereas the mice received AA (15 mg·kg-1 per day, ig) for 3 days. UUO group displayed significant degree of renal dysfunction, interstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress, and activation of the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the kidney, these pathological changes were greatly ameliorated by pretreatment with AA. In addition, we found that co-treatment with GW9662, a selective PPAR-γ antagonist (1 mg·kg-1 per day, ip) for 7 days, abolished the protective effects of AA. We further revealed that AA pretreatment did not significantly change the expression levels of PPAR-γ in the kidney, but markedly increase the plasma levels of 15d-PGJ2, an endogenous ligand of PPAR-γ. In UUO mice, pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 (24 μg·kg-1 per day, ip, for 7 days) produced similar protective effect as AA. Moreover, AA pretreatment upregulated the expression levels of active, nuclear-localized SREBP-1 (nSREBP-1), whereas fatostatin, a specific inhibitor of SREBP-1, decreased the expression of nSREBP-1, as well as the level of 15d-PGJ2. These results provide new insight into the antifibrotic mechanism of AA and endogenous metabolites might become a new clue for investigation of drug mechanism.
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Depigmented Centella asiatica Extraction by Pretreated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid for Wound Healing Application. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica has been included in Thai traditional medicinal plants and recipes, as a well-established historical use as a vegetable and tonic. However, when applied in modern formulations, the progressive degradation of the plant pigments occurs, causing color-fading and color variation in the products. Depigmentation of the comminuted sample using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) fluid extraction with a cosolvent was introduced as a pretreatment to solve the color-fading problem. The contents of compounds with known biological activities and the wound healing activities (antioxidant screening by DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging activities; cell migration assay; matrix metallopeptidase [MMP]-2 inhibition on human skin fibroblast; endothelial cell tube formation assay) of the C. asiatica leaf extracts obtained by conventional ethanolic extraction (CV) and pretreatment using scCO2 extraction, were determined. Total triterpenoids (madecassoside, asiaticoside B, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, terminolic acid and asiatic acid) and total triterpenoid glucosides (madecassoside, asiaticoside B and asiaticoside) were notably more abundant in the extract that had been pretreated using scCO2 than the extract obtained by CV. Moreover, the scCO2 pretreatment not only caused greater relative MMP-2 inhibition (58.48 ± 7.50% of the control), but also exhibited a higher cell migration (59.83 ± 1.85% of the initial) and number of vessels (18.25 ± 4.58) of angiogenesis in the wound healing process. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between the DPPH antioxidant activity and madecassoside content (r = 0.914, p < 0.01), as well as between the cell migration activity and asiaticoside content (r = 0.854, p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the scCO2 pretreatment of C. asiatica can eliminate color pigments from the extract and improve its in vitro wound healing activity.
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Yin L. Preparation and evaluation of PEGylated asiatic acid nanostructured lipid carriers on anti-fibrosis effects. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:57-69. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1701002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunli Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
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Matthews DG, Caruso M, Murchison CF, Zhu JY, Wright KM, Harris CJ, Gray NE, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. Centella Asiatica Improves Memory and Promotes Antioxidative Signaling in 5XFAD Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120630. [PMID: 31817977 PMCID: PMC6943631 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (CA) herb is a traditional medicine, long reputed to provide cognitive benefits. We have reported that CA water extract (CAW) treatment improves cognitive function of aged Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model Tg2576 and wild-type (WT) mice, and induces an NRF2-regulated antioxidant response in aged WT mice. Here, CAW was administered to AD model 5XFAD female and male mice and WT littermates (age: 7.6 +/− 0.6 months), and object recall and contextual fear memory were tested after three weeks treatment. CAW’s impact on amyloid-β plaque burden, and markers of neuronal oxidative stress and synaptic density, was assessed after five weeks treatment. CAW antioxidant activity was evaluated via nuclear transcription factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and NRF2-regulated antioxidant response element gene expression. Memory improvement in both genders and genotypes was associated with dose-dependent CAW treatment without affecting plaque burden, and marginally increased synaptic density markers in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. CAW treatment increased Nrf2 in hippocampus and other NRF2 targets (heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit). Reduced plaque-associated SOD1, an indicator of oxidative stress, was observed in the hippocampi and cortices of CAW-treated 5XFAD mice. We postulate that CAW treatment leads to reduced oxidative stress, contributing to improved neuronal health and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Charles F Murchison
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Kirsten M Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Christopher J Harris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nora E Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (D.G.M.); (M.C.); (C.F.M.); (J.Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.J.H.); (N.E.G.); (J.F.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-494-6878
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Chingwaru C, Bagar T, Maroyi A, Kapewangolo PT, Chingwaru W. Wound healing potential of selected Southern African medicinal plants: A review. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagy Morsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Keshavarzi Z, Shakeri F, Barreto GE, Bibak B, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Medicinal plants in traumatic brain injury: Neuroprotective mechanisms revisited. Biofactors 2019; 45:517-535. [PMID: 31206893 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most prevalent health problem affecting all age groups, and leads to many secondary problems in other organs especially kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and heart function. In this review, the search terms were TBI, fluid percussion injury, cold injury, weight drop impact acceleration injury, lateral fluid percussion, cortical impact injury, and blast injury. Studies with Actaea racemosa, Artemisia annua, Aframomum melegueta, Carthamus tinctorius, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crocus sativus, Cnidium monnieri, Curcuma longa, Gastrodia elata, Malva sylvestris, Da Chuanxiong Formula, Erigeron breviscapus, Panax ginseng, Salvia tomentosa, Satureja khuzistanica, Nigella sativa, Drynaria fortune, Dracaena cochinchinensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rheum tanguticum, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma zedoaria show a significant decrease in neuronal injury by different mechanisms such as increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin 1 (IL-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and IL-6 expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants in central nervous system pathologies by reviewing the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yadav MK, Singh SK, Singh M, Mishra SS, Singh AK, Tripathi JS, Tripathi YB. In Vivo Toxicity Study of Ethanolic Extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides & Centella asiatica in Swiss Albino Mice. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1071-1076. [PMID: 31049083 PMCID: PMC6490486 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate several parameters after the in vivo acute and sub-acute administration of ethanolic extracts from E. alsinoides & C. asiatica. METHODS Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors for in vivo toxicity study guidelines 423 and 407 of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) were followed for acute and sub-acute toxicity assays respectively. For LD50 evaluation, a single dose of ethanolic extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides L. (EEA) and ethanolic extracts of Centella asiatica (ECA) was orally administered to mice at doses of 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2000 mg/kg. Then the animals were observed for 72 hours. For acute toxicity evaluation, a single dose of both extracts was orally administered to mice at doses of 300, 600, 1200 and 2000 mg/kg and the animals were observed for 14 days. In the sub-acute study, the extracts were orally administered to mice for 28 days at doses of 300, 600, 1200 and 2000 mg/kg. To assess the toxicological effects, animals were closely observed on general behaviour, clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, food and water intake. At the end of the study, it was performed biochemical and hematological evaluations, as well as histopathological analysis from the following organs: brain, heart, liver, and kidney. RESULTS The oral administration of E. alsinoides and C. asiatica ethanolic extracts, i.e. EEA 300, EEA 600, EEA 1200, EEA 2000, ECA 300, ECA 600, ECA 1200 & ECA 2000 mg/kg doses showed no moral toxicity effect in LD50, acute and sub-acute toxicity parameters. CONCLUSION In this study, we had found that E. alsinoides & C. asiatica extract at different doses cause no mortality in acute and sub-acute toxicity study. Also, histopathology of kidney, liver, heart, and brain showed no alterations in tissues morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar Mishra
- Department of Vikriti Vigyan, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jyoti Shankar Tripathi
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Yamini Bhusan Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Structural Stabilization of Human Transthyretin by Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Extract: Implications for TTR Amyloidosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040128. [PMID: 30934952 PMCID: PMC6523946 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin is responsible for a series of highly progressive, degenerative, debilitating, and incurable protein misfolding disorders known as transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. Since dissociation of the homotetrameric protein to its monomers is crucial in its amyloidogenesis, stabilizing the native tetramer from dissociating using small-molecule ligands has proven a viable therapeutic strategy. The objective of this study was to determine the potential role of the medicinal herb Centella asiatica on human transthyretin (huTTR) amyloidogenesis. Thus, we investigated the stability of huTTR with or without a hydrophilic fraction of C. asiatica (CAB) against acid/urea-mediated denaturation. We also determined the influence of CAB on huTTR fibrillation using transmission electron microscopy. The potential binding interactions between CAB and huTTR was ascertained by nitroblue tetrazolium redox-cycling and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid displacement assays. Additionally, the chemical profile of CAB was determined by liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). Our results strongly suggest that CAB bound to and preserved the quaternary structure of huTTR in vitro. CAB also prevented transthyretin fibrillation, although aggregate formation was unmitigated. These effects could be attributable to the presence of phenolics and terpenoids in CAB. Our findings suggest that C. asiatica contains pharmaceutically relevant bioactive compounds which could be exploited for therapeutic development against TTR amyloidosis.
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Ng ZX, See AN. Effect of in vitro digestion on the total polyphenol and flavonoid, antioxidant activity and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory potential of selected functional plant‐based foods. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiang Ng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Ann Na See
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
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Gunathilake KDPP, Ranaweera KKDS, Rupasinghe HPV. Response surface optimization for recovery of polyphenols and carotenoids from leaves of Centella asiatica using an ethanol-based solvent system. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:528-536. [PMID: 30847131 PMCID: PMC6392829 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology has been used to optimize the extraction conditions for total phenolics and carotenoids from leaves of Centella asiatica. Solvent concentration (30%-100%), extraction temperature (30-60°C), and extraction time (30-90 min) were used as the independent variables. A second-order polynomial model produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total phenolics (R 2 = 84.75%, p < 0.004) and carotenoid (R 2 = 78.74, p < 0.019) contents. The optimum extraction conditions of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction time for phenolics were 6.1%, 70.2°C, and 110.5 min and for carotenoids, the optimum parameters were 100%, 70.2°C, and 110.5 min, respectively. The optimal predicted contents for total phenolics (9.03 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g DW) and carotenoid (8.74 mg/g DW) values in the extracts were agreed with the experimental values obtained with optimum extraction conditions for each response, and also they possess significantly higher total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. D. P. P. Gunathilake
- Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & NutritionDepartment of Food Science & TechnologyWayamba University of Sri Lanka, MakanduraGonawilaSri Lanka
- Faculty of Applied SciencesDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraGangodawila, NugegodaSri Lanka
| | - K. K. D. S. Ranaweera
- Faculty of Applied SciencesDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraGangodawila, NugegodaSri Lanka
| | - H. P. V. Rupasinghe
- Faculty of AgricultureDepartment of Plant, Food, and Environmental SciencesDalhousie UniversityTruroCanada
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