Optimized anti-pathogenic agents based on core/shell nanostructures and 2-((4-ethylphenoxy)ethyl)-N-(substituted-phenylcarbamothioyl)-benzamides

Review of Nanofluids and Their Biomedical Applications

Numerous researchers have reported significant improvements in nanofluid (NF) heat transfer (HT), suspension stability, thermal conductivity (TC), and rheological and mass transfer properties. As a result, nanofluids (NFs) play an important role in a variety of applications, including the health and biomedical engineering industries. The majority of the nanofluids (NFs) literature focuses on analyzing and comprehending the behavior of nanofluid models as heating or cooling mechanisms in various fields. This article represents a comprehensive study on nanofluids (NFs). It involves commonly used nanoparticles (NPs), magnetic nanofluids (MNFs), thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement, heat transfer (HT) enhancement, nanofluids (NFs) synthesis methods, stability evaluation methods, stability enhancement, nanofluids (NFs) applications in the biomedical field, and their impact on health and the environment. Nanofluids (NFs) play vital role in biomedical applications. It can be implemented in drug delivery systems, hyperthermia, sterilization processes, bioimaging, lubrication of orthopedic implants, and micro-pumping systems for drugs and hormones.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in serum based on antibody labeled Fe3O4 nanoparticles as capture probes and graphene/CdTe quantum dot bionanoconjugates as signal amplifiers

The CdTe quantum dots (QDs), graphene nanocomposite (CdTe-G) and dextran–Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized for developing an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay for Carcinoembryonic antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in serums. Firstly, the capture probes (CA 19-9 Ab1/Fe₃O₄) for enriching CA 19-9 were synthesized by immobilizing the CA 19-9’s first antibody (CA 19-9 Ab1) on magnetic nanoparticles (dextran-Fe₃O₄). Secondly, the signal probes (CA 19-9 Ab2/CdTe-G), which can emit an ECL signal, were formed by attaching the secondary CA 19-9 antibody (CA 19-9 Ab2) to the surface of the CdTe-G. Thirdly, the above two probes were used for conjugating with a serial of CA 19-9 concentrations. Graphene can immobilize dozens of CdTe QDs on their surface, which can emit stronger ECL intensity than CdTe QDs. Based on the amplified signal, ultrasensitive antigen detection can be realized. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL signal depended linearly on the logarithm of CA 19-9 concentration from 0.005 to 100 pg/mL, and the detection limit was 0.002 pg/mL. Finally, five samples of human serum were tested, and the results were compared with a time-resolved fluorescence assay (TRFA). The novel immunoassay provides a stable, specific and highly sensitive immunoassay protocol for tumor marker detection at very low levels, which can be applied in early diagnosis of tumor.

Water dispersible magnetite nanoparticles influence the efficacy of antibiotics against planktonic and biofilm embedded Enterococcus faecalis cells

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of magnetic nanoparticles to potentiate, but also to accomplish a sustained and controlled drug release and subsequently improve the efficacy of antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis, one of the most resistant opportunistic pathogens, that poses a threat to chronically infected or immunocompromised patients and is difficult to eradicate from medical devices. To our knowledge, this is the first study trying to investigate the ability of magnetite nanoparticles to improve the anti-bacterial activity of the current antibiotics against planktonic and biofilm growing E. faecalis. Our results are suggesting that the magnetite nanoparticles may be considered an effective aminoglycoside antibiotics carrier, but a complete understanding of the way in which they selectively interact with different antibiotics and with the bacterial cell is needed, in order to obtain improved strategies for elimination of E. faecalis biofilms on biomedical devices or human tissues.

Hybrid nanostructured coating for increased resistance of prosthetic devices to staphylococcal colonization

Prosthetic medical device-associated infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates. Novel improved materials and surfaces exhibiting inappropriate conditions for microbial development are urgently required in the medical environment. This study reveals the benefit of using natural Mentha piperita essential oil, combined with a 5 nm core/shell nanosystem-improved surface exhibiting anti-adherence and antibiofilm properties. This strategy reveals a dual role of the nano-oil system; on one hand, inhibiting bacterial adherence and, on the other hand, exhibiting bactericidal effect, the core/shell nanosystem is acting as a controlled releasing machine for the essential oil. Our results demonstrate that this dual nanobiosystem is very efficient also for inhibiting biofilm formation, being a good candidate for the design of novel material surfaces used for prosthetic devices.