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Xing Z, Gao S, Zheng A, Tong C, Fang Y, Xiang Z, Chen S, Wang W, Hua C. Promising roles of combined therapy based on immune response and iron metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112481. [PMID: 38917527 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an intricate autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations. Immunometabolism reprogramming contributes to the progression of SLE by regulating the phenotype and function of immune cells. Dysregulated iron metabolism is implicated in SLE pathogenesis, affecting both systemic and immune cell-specific iron homeostasis. This review explores the systemic and cellular iron handling and regulation. Additionally, the advancements regarding iron metabolism in SLE with a focus on the distinct subsets of immune cells are highlighted. By gaining insight into the interplay between iron dysregulation and immune dysfunction, the potential therapeutic avenues may be unveiled. However, challenges remain in elucidating cell-specific iron metabolic reprogramming and its contribution to SLE pathogenesis needs further research for personalized therapeutic interventions and biomarker discovery. This review provides an in-depth understanding of immune cell-specific regulatory mechanisms of iron metabolism and new insights in current challenges as well as possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhang Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Anzhe Zheng
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuyan Tong
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Aedh AI. Coffee Consumption in Association with Serum Iron Levels: A Cross-sectional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04112-9. [PMID: 38396066 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study determines the association between adult Saudi Arabian coffee consumption and serum iron levels. The extensive Saudi Arabian population, including both sexes - male and female, participated in this cross-sectional community-based study from 1 October 2020 to 31 June 2022. The participants were selected arbitrarily using the systematic simple random position. The current study enrolled 113 participants with a mean age of 33 years, including 94 (83.2%) females and 19 (16.8%) males. The concentration of iron absorption assessed among 62 individuals who participated in the group of occasional coffee drinkers was higher (54.9%) than the 51 individuals who participated in the group of regular coffee drinkers (45.1%). In daily coffee consumption, paired samples statistics in mean baseline WBC level (103/μl) was 6.396. On day 31 of June 2022, WBC level (103/μl) was 6.114. Paired samples statistics in mean baseline iron level was 44.29. On day 31 of June 2022, iron level was 72.15. The paired samples correlation in baseline and day 31 iron levels was 0.719, with a significant difference of 0.000. It is critical to acquire the most recent information and local statistics on the frequency of low serum iron levels in Saudi Arabia's diverse adult population. The adult population of Saudi Arabia correlates with coffee consumption and changes in serum ferritin or iron levels and WBC counts. Neither the WBC numbers nor the iron levels were significantly altered. Further research is needed to determine the potential mechanisms causing these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I Aedh
- Internal Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
- Najran University Hospital, King Abdulaziz Rd, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
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García-Maldonado E, Zapatera B, Alcorta A, Vaquero MP. A microalgae docosahexaenoic acid supplement does not modify the influence of sex and diet on iron status in Spanish vegetarians or omnivores: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. Nutrition 2024; 118:112282. [PMID: 38042044 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plant-based diets are accepted as healthy, provided that are well-planned and include supplements. In this context, iron deficiency is a threat, and data from Spanish vegetarians are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine if a microalgae ω-3 supplement rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affected iron status in this population. METHODS Iron biomarkers and nutrient intake (72-h dietary records) were analyzed in 204 usual consumers of lacto-ovo vegetarian (LOV), vegan (VEG), or omnivorous (OMN) diets. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed in a subgroup (n = 98) to test if a microalgae DHA supplement (250 mg/d for 5 wk) changed iron status. RESULTS Iron intake was higher in vegetarians than omnivores (P= 0.002), fiber intake was highest in vegans followed by lacto-ovo vegetarians and omnivores, whereas calcium intake was lower in vegans than both lacto-ovo vegetarians and omnivores (all P < 0.001). Women, regardless of diet type, showed lower iron status than men. Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin were lower in lacto-ovo vegetarians and vegans than omnivores. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was low (<10%), but iron depletion (ferritin <15 ng/mL) was higher in lacto-ovo vegetarians than omnivores (P = 0.003). Iron biomarkers were similar in lacto-ovo vegetarians and vegans. The DHA supplementation did not change iron status compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Spanish vegetarians had lower iron status than omnivores. Consumption of eggs and dairy products increased the risk for iron deficiency, but a microalgae DHA supplement had no effect. Dietary strategies to increase iron bioavailability in vegetarians, particularly in lacto-ovo vegetarians and women, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Maldonado
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bélen Zapatera
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Alcorta
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Vaquero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Liu L, Shen Q, Bao Y, Xu F, Zhang D, Huang H, Tu L, Xu Y. Association between dietary intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional analysis of survey data from NHANES 2007-2016. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1278128. [PMID: 38192644 PMCID: PMC10773772 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While dietary factors have shown an association with Parkinson's disease (PD), the available data remains a subject of ongoing debate and controversy. Aim We sought to evaluate potential relationships between dietary consumption of nutrients and micronutrients and risk of PD in a large sample. Methods Cross-sectional data were retrospectively analyzed for 10,651 adults aged 40-80 years that had been collected in the US between 2007 and 2016 as a component of the nationwide National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Aspects of dietary intake were compared between those who reported having specific PD medication regimens or not when they completed the survey, and potential associations between diet and risk of PD were explored using binomial logistic regression. We employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to minimize the impact of potential confounding factors, thus enhancing the reliability of the results. Additionally, subgroup analysis based on gender and age was conducted to investigate these relationships. Results Higher dietary intake of iron was linked to greater PD risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.065, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.019-1.114, p = 0.006], whereas risk decreased with higher intake of vitamin K (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.998-1.000, p = 0.024) or vitamin C (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.996-0.999, p = 0.039). Even after applying PSM, the connection between dietary iron intake and dietary vitamin C intake with PD risk remained substantial. Subgroup analysis results revealed a significant positive association between dietary intake of iron from food and the PD risk, which was evident among individuals under 60 years of age and among males. Conclusion The intake of micronutrients can influence risk of PD, which should be verified and explored further in prospective samples with other dietary habits and ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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林 咏, 周 雅, 赵 润, 许 雅, 刘 燕. [Analysis on the iron status and associated factors during the first trimester of pregnancy]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2023; 55:600-605. [PMID: 37534638 PMCID: PMC10398780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of dietary and underlying factors on the iron status of women in early pregnancy and to provide evidence for preventing iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, thereby reducing the incidence of associated adverse outcomes. METHODS From November to December 2018, women in the first trimester of pregnancy (< 12 weeks gestation) who established prenatal records at the Shunyi District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, were enrolled in this study, in which 388 participants were accessed for data including demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, parity, biomarkers reflecting iron status, and food-frequency questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 were used for statistical analysis. Dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis, and factor scores of each dietary pattern were calculated. Two-sided Fisher exact probability test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to access differences in iron status among the groups, and the differences were significant if P < 0.05. Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin(SF) < 30 μg/L. To analyze the potential role of dietary factors on iron deficiency during the first trimester, the collected data listed above were adopted as independent factors for the cross-sectional Logistic regression. We used Logistic regression to analyze the potential effects of baseline characteristics and dietary factors on iron status. RESULTS Among the 388 participants included in the analysis, 121 (32.2%) were iron deficient, in which 107 (27.6%) were iron depletion (ID), 8 (2.1%) were iron deficiency erythropoiesis (IDA), 6(1.5%) were iron deficiency anemia. The mean SF concentration was (50.4±35.3) μg/L. Multiparity(OR=3.9, 95%CI: 1.81-8.42, P=0.001)was a risk factor for iron deficiency during early pregnancy. No significant iron status differences were found among the participants with different educational levels and anthropometric measurements. In contrast, age (OR =0.96, 95%CI: 0.94-0.97, P < 0.001) was a protective factor. For multiparas, taking iron-containing supplements might have a protective effect for iron deficiency (OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.09-0.83, P=0.022). The balance-diet pattern (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.66-1.00, P=0.054) only showed a marginally significant effect. CONCLUSION Increasing attention should be paid to the iron status of pregnant multiparas and young pregnant women. For those women of reproductive age with the risk factors listed above, especially for multiparas, iron-containing supplements should be recommended to prevent gestational iron deficiency. The effect of the "balance" dietary pattern on iron status in the first trimester and following requires further research and discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- 咏惟 林
- 北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 雅琳 周
- 北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 润茏 赵
- 北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 雅君 许
- 北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室,北京 100191Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 燕萍 刘
- 中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床营养科,北京 100730Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Martin NM, von Hurst PR, Conlon CA, Smeele RJM, Mugridge OAR, Beck KL. Body Fat Percentage and Blood Donation are the Strongest Determinants of Iron Stores in Premenopausal Women Joining the New Zealand Army. Mil Med 2023; 188:e2550-e2556. [PMID: 36794880 PMCID: PMC10363006 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suboptimal iron status is an issue for women joining the military because of its association with impaired aerobic performance, yet no studies have investigated dietary and non-dietary determinants of iron status simultaneously in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between iron stores, dietary patterns (DPs), and potential non-dietary determinants of iron status in premenopausal women at the commencement of basic military training (BMT) in the New Zealand Army. METHODS During week 1 of BMT, demographic, body composition, lifestyle, medical history, and dietary data were measured as potential determinants of serum ferritin (SF) in 101 participants. Following univariate analysis, age, body fat percentage, previous blood donation, at least 6 h of exercise per week that raised the heart rate, and a vegetarian DP were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS An increase in body fat percentage was associated with increased SF (P < .009), although blood donation in the past year decreased SF (P < .011) compared to those participants who did not donate blood. There was no association between SF and a vegetarian DP or hours of exercise per week. The model explained 17.5% of the variance in SF at the commencement of BMT. CONCLUSION Body fat percentage and blood donation in the past year were the strongest determinants of iron stores in healthy premenopausal women commencing BMT. It is recommended that women joining the New Zealand Army are provided information to maintain or improve their iron status based on these findings. This includes clinical screening of iron status, advice for women considering blood donation, and dietary advice regarding total energy requirements and iron bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Martin
- New Zealand Defence Force, Defence House, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Sir Neil Waters Lecture Theatres, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Pamela R von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Sir Neil Waters Lecture Theatres, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Sir Neil Waters Lecture Theatres, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | | | - Owen A R Mugridge
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Sir Neil Waters Lecture Theatres, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L Beck
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Sir Neil Waters Lecture Theatres, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
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García-Maldonado E, Zapatera B, Alcorta A, Vaquero MP. Metabolic and nutritional biomarkers in adults consuming lacto-ovo vegetarian, vegan and omnivorous diets in Spain. A cross-sectional study. Food Funct 2023; 14:1608-1616. [PMID: 36683547 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the characteristics of consumers who choose plant-based diets and the relationship with nutritional status and disease risk is needed. In the present study, 207 Spanish adults participated in a cross-sectional study, and were classified in three groups: lacto-ovo vegetarian (LOV), vegan (VEG), and omnivore (OMN). Dietary intake, anthropometry, body composition, haematology, and metabolic markers were evaluated. Body composition and body weight did not vary among groups. The majority of these adults performed moderate-vigorous physical activity, and LOV performed more moderate activity than OMN. Total energy intake (En) was similar in the three groups. However, cholesterol and fat intakes (%En) were higher in the order OMN, LOV, VEG, fibre and carbohydrate intakes showed the opposite trend, and protein intake (%En) was higher in OMN than both LOV and VEG (all p < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure (p = 0.04), erythrocytes (p < 0.001), and haematocrit (p < 0.001) were lower in LOV and VEG than OMN, and lymphocyte count was lower in LOV than OMN (p < 0.01). There were marked differences between groups in serum total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol that were lower in LOV and VEG than OMN (both p < 0.001). However, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance did not show group differences. Leptin and adiponectin were related with gender and body fat but not with diet. The inflammation marker interleukin-1β was lower in LOV than OMN but TNF-α did not show differences. All levels were within normal ranges. Conclusion: consumption of plant-based diets compared to omnivorous diets in combination with moderate-high physical activity appears to protect similarly from cardiometabolic diseases in Spanish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Maldonado
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Zapatera
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Alcorta
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Vaquero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Liu J, Chen Y, Lu X, Xu X, Bulloch G, Zhu S, Zhu Z, Ge Z, Wang W, Shang X, He M. The Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Incidence of Dementia in Adults Aged 60 Years or over in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020260. [PMID: 36678132 PMCID: PMC9865143 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated the association between dietary iron intake and cognitive impairment, but little is known about the relationship between iron intake and dementia incidence. Objectives This study explored the association between dietary iron intake and incident dementia in males and females. Whether this association was modified by factors such as age and medical diseases was also examined. Methods We included 41,213 males and 48,892 females aged 60 years or over, from the UK-Biobank cohort. Dietary iron intake was measured using a web-based 24-h dietary recall questionnaire from between 2009 and 2012. Incident dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient records and death registers until April 2021. Cox proportional regression models examined the association between iron intake and incident dementia, and hazard ratio curves were constructed with knots from the analysis indicating insufficient or excessive iron intake. Results During a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, 560 males and 492 females developed dementia. A non-linear relationship between iron intake and incident dementia was observed in both males and females. The lowest incidence rates were observed in the higher iron intake quintile (Q4: ≥15.73, <17.57 mg/day) for males, and the intermediate iron intake quintile (Q3: ≥12.4, <13.71 mg/day) for females. Among those aged 60 and above, all-cause dementia in males was associated with deficient iron intake (Q1 versus Q4: Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37, 95% Confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.01−1.86, p = 0.042) and excessive iron intake (Q5 versus Q4: HR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.14−1.96, p = 0.003), whilst significant associations between all-cause dementia and deficient iron intake were only observed in females without hypertension. Smoking status was a significant moderator (p-value for trend = 0.017) for dementia in males only. Conclusions Excessive iron intake (≥17.57 mg/day) is associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia in males and smoking status modified this association amongst males. Deficient iron intake (<10.93 mg/day) was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia in females without a history of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Yutong Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xi Lu
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Susan Zhu
- Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence:
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Lavriša Ž, Hristov H, Hribar M, Koroušić Seljak B, Gregorič M, Blaznik U, Zaletel K, Oblak A, Osredkar J, Kušar A, Žmitek K, Lainščak M, Pravst I. Dietary Iron Intake and Biomarkers of Iron Status in Slovenian Population: Results of SI.Menu/Nutrihealth Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235144. [PMID: 36501175 PMCID: PMC9741255 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate iron intake and iron deficiency are recognised as a public health problem in the population at large, and particularly in specific subpopulations. Dietary iron intake was analysed using data of the national Slovenian food consumption study, SI.Menu (n = 1248 subjects; 10−74 years), while iron status was evaluated with laboratory analyses of blood haemoglobin, serum ferritin, and iron concentration in samples, collected in the Nutrihealth study (n = 280, adults). The estimated daily usual population-weighted mean iron intakes ranged from 16.0 mg in adults and the elderly to 16.7 in adolescents, and were lower in females for all three age groups. The main dietary iron sources in all the age groups were bread and bakery products, meat (products), fruit, and vegetables. The highest prevalence of haemoglobin anaemia was observed in females aged 51−64 years (6.7%). Critically depleted iron stores (ferritin concentration < 15 µg/L) were particularly found in premenopausal females (10.1%). Factors influencing low haemoglobin, ferritin, and iron intake were also investigated. We observed significant correlations between iron status with meat and fish intake, and with iron intake from meat and fish, but not with total iron intake. We can conclude that particularly premenopausal females are the most fragile population in terms of inadequate iron intake and iron deficiency, which should be considered in future research and public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živa Lavriša
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hristo Hristov
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Hribar
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Koroušić Seljak
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Gregorič
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva ulica 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Blaznik
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva ulica 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Zaletel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrijana Oblak
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Kušar
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Žmitek
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Faculty of Applied Sciences, Gerbičeva cesta 51A, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Lainščak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Ulica dr. Vrbnjaka 6, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Igor Pravst
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Faculty of Applied Sciences, Gerbičeva cesta 51A, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-590-68871; Fax: +386-310-07981
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Skolmowska D, Głąbska D. Effectiveness of Dietary Intervention with Iron and Vitamin C Administered Separately in Improving Iron Status in Young Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11877. [PMID: 36231177 PMCID: PMC9564482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain an adequate iron status in young women, effective dietary interventions should provide sufficient amounts of iron in everyday meals and improve the bioavailability of non-heme iron by providing vitamin C. While some intervention studies administering products rich in vitamin C in conjunction with iron sources showed improved iron status, it is unknown whether a separate administration of products rich in iron and vitamin C may be a successful strategy as well. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of dietary intervention with iron and vitamin C administered separately in improving iron status in young women to prevent iron deficiency anemia. The study was conducted in a group of 29 women aged 18-30, and an 8-week dietary intervention was performed. Study participants with an adequate iron status received 50 g of iron-fortified oat flakes (as a source of non-heme iron) with breakfast and 200 mL of orange juice (as a source of vitamin C) in the second part of the day. Iron status was analyzed based on red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, and serum iron, and it was assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks of the intervention. The intakes of iron, vitamin C, and folate were controlled throughout the study period, and menstrual blood loss was estimated. After 8 weeks of intervention, statistically significant differences compared with baseline were observed only for hematocrit, as its level after 8 weeks of intervention was higher than the baseline (p = 0.0491). Comparing subsamples within the dietary intervention considered effective and ineffective for red blood cell levels, it was indicated that lower baseline vitamin C intake may result in a more effective dietary intervention (p = 0.0231). Comparing subsamples within the dietary intervention considered effective and ineffective for hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron, and serum ferritin levels, it was indicated that higher baseline levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.0143), hematocrit (p = 0.0497), iron (p = 0.0101), and serum ferritin (p = 0.0343) respectively may result in a more effective dietary intervention. It was concluded that dietary intervention with iron and vitamin C administered separately may be effective in improving iron status in young women to prevent iron deficiency anemia. It may be concluded that in the studied group, a better baseline iron status and lower baseline vitamin C intake may result in a more effective dietary intervention with iron and vitamin C administered separately to improve iron status in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Serum ferritin levels are associated with frequent consumption of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods among women of childbearing age in Nandi County, Kenya. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e6. [PMID: 35291280 PMCID: PMC8889082 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods and their influence on iron status among women of childbearing age (WCA) is scarce in Kenya despite iron deficiency being rampant. The present study investigated consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods on iron status among WCA in Kapsabet Ward, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design. A sample of 160 respondents was systematically selected proportionately in the eight villages. Consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods were assessed using a modified 7-d Food Frequency Questionnaire. Venous blood (2 ml) was drawn from participants. Serum ferritin and C-reactive proteins were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods were analysed using descriptive statistics. Multivariable regression was conducted to investigate the association between iron- and ascorbate-rich foods consumption and iron status. Confounding variables such as consumption of foods high phytate levels, milk and milk products, recent major blood losses and parasitic infections were controlled for during analysis. The prevalence of iron deficiency among the WCA was 45⋅0 %. Iron-rich foods were rarely (<2 times/week) consumed by the respondents with the majority reporting infrequent consumption: meat (61⋅3 %), sardines (61⋅9 %), oranges (54⋅4 %) and fortified breakfast cereals (94⋅4 %), except for kale and beans. Iron- (iron-fortified porridge, meat, sardines, beans, amaranth and spider plants) and ascorbate- (oranges and mangoes) rich foods positively predicted (AOR = 4⋅851, P = 0⋅021) the normal iron status of WCA. WCA should consume above 2 intakes per week of each iron- and ascorbate-rich food for better iron status outcomes.
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12
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Association of Habitual Dietary Intake with Liver Iron-A Population-Based Imaging Study. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010132. [PMID: 35011009 PMCID: PMC8746950 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-related disorders of the liver can result in serious health conditions, such as liver cirrhosis. Evidence on the role of modifiable lifestyle factors like nutrition in liver iron storage is lacking. Thus, we aimed to assess the association of habitual diet with liver iron content (LIC). We investigated 303 participants from the population-based KORA-MRI study who underwent whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dietary habits were evaluated using repeated 24 h food lists and a food frequency questionnaire. Sex-stratified multiple linear regression models were applied to quantify the association between nutrition variables of interest and LIC, adjusting for liver fat content (LFC), energy intake, and age. Mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 9.0 years and 44.2% were female. Mean LIC was 1.23 ± 0.12 mg/g dry weight, with higher values in men than in women (1.26 ± 0.13 and 1.20 ± 0.10 mg/g, p < 0.001). Alcohol intake was positively associated with LIC (men: β = 1.94; women: β = 4.98, p-values < 0.03). Significant negative associations with LIC were found for fiber (β = −5.61, p < 0.001) and potassium (β = −0.058, p = 0.034) for female participants only. Furthermore, LIC was highly correlated with liver fat content in both sexes. Our findings suggests that there are sex-specific associations of habitual dietary intake and LIC. Alcohol, fiber, and potassium may play a considerable role in liver iron metabolism.
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Varikuti SR, Parasannavar DJ, Rajkumar H, Bhukya T, Satyanarayana U, Kumar M. The Role of Gene Variants in the Iron Metabolism of Anemic Adolescent Girls. Cureus 2021; 13:e20128. [PMID: 34877231 PMCID: PMC8641257 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the role of genetic variants in determining the iron status in adolescent girls are not yet well-understood. This study aims to investigate the association of the rs602662, rs1049296, rs1805051, rs855791, rs224589, and rs11568350 genes with IDA and iron bio-status parameters. Methods This study consisted of 132 patients (IDA group) and 110 healthy controls. The genotype was analyzed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results No differences were noted in the distribution of genotype and allele frequency single nucleotide polymorphism between the IDA and control group. In the IDA group, the GA carriers of rs602662 had a higher hemoglobin concentration (P=0.02) and packed cell volume (P=0.007), whereas transferrin saturation was increased in AA (P=0.02). The genetic variants rs1049296, rs1805051, rs224589, and rs855791 had a non-statistical significance on hematological parameters. Both the GT and TT carriers of the rs11568350 gene showed a low hemoglobin concentration (P=0.02 and <0.001) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in GT carrier (P=0.01), whereas the TT risk of this gene showed a decreased packed cell volume (P=0.01). In the control patients, no association was observed with serum iron and hematological parameters. Conclusion Of these genetic variants, the GG and GA genotype frequency in rs602662 and the GG, GT, and TT in rs11568350 were associated with low iron status in anemic patients compared to the control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Reddy Varikuti
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Devaraj J Parasannavar
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Hemalatha Rajkumar
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Tulja Bhukya
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Uppala Satyanarayana
- Biochemistry Division, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IND
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YAKAR B, KARAKAYA G, ÖNALAN E, PİRİNÇCİ E, DÖNDER E. Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia. FAMILY PRACTICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.22391/fppc.704971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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The prevalence and influencing factors of anaemia among pre-pregnant women in mainland China: a large population-based, cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:439-450. [PMID: 33814016 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting women worldwide, and reproductive-age women are at increased risk. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study analysing the prevalence of overall anaemia and anaemia according to severity in Chinese pre-pregnant women to update current knowledge on anaemia epidemiology. Based on the National Free Preconception Check-up Projects supported by the Chinese government, 5 679 782 women participating in this project in 2017 were included in the present study. The cyanmethemoglobin method was applied to assess Hb concentrations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied for associated factors. The prevalence of anaemia among Chinese pre-pregnant women was 21·64 % (mild: 14·10 %, moderate: 7·17 % and severe : 0·37 %). The prevalence of overall and severe anaemia was the highest in Tibet and the lowest in Beijing among thirty-one provinces. Women's age, region, ethnic origin, educational level, occupation and pregnancy history were all correlated with anaemia. Women with B blood type (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0·89), higher BMI (overweight: aOR = 0·84; obesity: aOR = 0·70) and alcohol consumption (aOR = 0·69) were less likely to have anaemia, while those with rhesus negative blood type (aOR = 1·10), history of anaemia (aOR = 2·60), older age at menarche (aOR = 1·19), heavy menstrual blood loss (aOR = 1·39), longer menstrual period (aOR = 1·09) and shorter menstrual cycle (aOR = 1·08) were more likely to suffer from anaemia. Meat or egg eaters were not significantly associated with severe anaemia. Anaemia is of moderate public health significance among Chinese pre-pregnant women. Interventions should be considered to prevent anaemia to the greatest extent possible to avoid potential harm in this population.
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16
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[Are vegetarian diets nutritionally adequate? A revision of the scientific evidence]. NUTR HOSP 2020; 36:950-961. [PMID: 31232583 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vegetarian diets are booming and, although these diets have been linked to some health benefits, the low bioavailability of some micronutrients in plant foods may result in risk of nutritional deficiencies, which makes necessary adequate planning of these diets. In this regard, vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarians has been evidenced and there is a consensus on the need of supplementation of this vitamin. Vitamin D deficiency may be more frequent than in omnivores, particularly during the winter, when skin synthesis is minimal. The low bioavailability of iron, zinc and selenium in vegetables can also affect nutritional status of vegetarians. Furthermore, vegetarian diets are usually deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. On the other hand, these diets appear to provide adequate quantities of other vitamins, such as ascorbic acid, folic acid and the fat-soluble vitamins A and E. In this review, the characteristics of the intake of macro- and micronutrients of vegetarian diets and the diet and health relationships are presented. In addition, data on nutritional status of this population are also shown and suggestions on nutritional recommendations to prevent deficiencies are given. Finally, the possible clinical application of controlled interventions with vegetarian diets is presented.
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Fernandez-Jimenez MC, Moreno G, Wright I, Shih PC, Vaquero MP, Remacha AF. Iron Deficiency in Menstruating Adult Women: Much More than Anemia. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2020; 1:26-35. [PMID: 33786470 PMCID: PMC7784796 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent in women of child-bearing age. However, their nonhematological symptoms have been overlooked. This study aims to analyze the nonhematological features and symptoms of IDA in a group of women of reproductive age and the changes occurred during iron therapy. Materials and Methods: IDA women underwent dietary, physical activity, menstrual blood loss, and cognitive function assessment at baseline. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Executive attention was tested by the flanker task and working memory by the 2-back task. Oral iron therapy (ferrous sulfate) was given to 35 women for 8 weeks and the changes in iron status, biochemical markers, cognitive function, and nonhematological symptoms were evaluated. Results: Patients presented nonhematological symptoms: pica, 32.4%; cheilitis, 20.6%; restless legs syndrome (RLS), 20.6%; diffuse hair loss, 55.9%; and ungual alterations, 38.2%. Two or more symptoms were present in 58.8% of women. Serum iron and working memory were correlated at baseline. Multivariate analyses show associations (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) between pica and reaction time in the working memory test (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.19-3.87, p = 0.012); RLS with total serum protein (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.06-0.92, p = 0.043); and cheilitis with mean corpuscular hemoglobin (OR 0.388, 95% CI 0.189-0.799, p = 0.01). Pica, cheilitis, and RLS completely resolved with iron therapy, and ungual alterations and hair loss improved in 92.3% and 84.2% of women, respectively. Better performance in executive attention and working memory was observed after iron therapy. Conclusions: More attention should be given to the nonhematological manifestations of IDA to improve the quality of life of menstruating women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Moreno
- Hematology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ione Wright
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pei-Chun Shih
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Vaquero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel F. Remacha
- Hematology Laboratory Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Physiological and Dietary Determinants of Iron Status in Spanish Vegetarians. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081734. [PMID: 31357549 PMCID: PMC6723975 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetarian diets may compromise iron status, as they provide non-haem iron which has low bioavailability. Spanish lacto-ovo vegetarians (n = 49) and vegans (n = 55) were recruited and haematological and biochemical iron parameters were analysed. Food and supplements consumption, body composition, physical activity, menstrual blood losses and hormonal contraceptive use were assessed. Four groups were studied: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), iron depletion (ferritin <15 ng/mL), iron deficiency (ferritin ≥15 to ≤30 ng/mL), and iron sufficiency (ferritin >30 ng/mL). IDA was uncommon (n = 5, 4.8%), 27.9% of participants were iron-depleted, and 30.8% were iron-deficient. Serum ferritin was lower in women than men (p < 0.001) and IDA and iron depleted individuals were all women. There were no differences attributed to diet type, time being vegetarian or physical activity. The menstrual period length was negatively associated with transferrin saturation (ρ = −0.364, p = 0.001) and hormonal contraceptive use (ρ = −0.276, p = 0.014). Iron supplements were consumed most frequently by IDA and iron-deficient subjects (p = 0.031). Conclusions: Iron status did not vary between lacto-ovo vegetarians and vegans and there was not an influence of the time following a vegetarian diet. Although men were iron-sufficient, iron deficiency was frequent in women, who should apply strategies to increase iron bioavailability, especially if they experience intense menstrual blood losses.
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Amaro-Terrazos JZ, Iparraguirre ME, Jiménez-Soria A. [Effect of quinoa extract consumption on iron deficiency-induced anemia in mice]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2019; 21:232-235. [PMID: 33027334 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v21n2.65311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of quinoa extract consumption on iron deficiency-induced anemia in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male M. musculus albino mice of the Balb/c strain, with an average weight of 24±32.7 g, were used. Three groups of ten mice each were formed: 1) a negative control group of iron-sufficient (IS) mice that received 40g/d of balanced feed for 7 weeks; 2) a positive control group of iron-deficient (ID) mice that received 40g/d of feed rich in iron for 7 weeks; and 3) an experimental group of ID mice that received 40 g/d of feed rich in iron for 7 weeks and 20 g/d of quinoa extract (QE) from week 5. Hemoglobin levels were measured. RESULTS At the end of the treatment, a significant difference was found in hemoglobin levels between the positive (ID mice: 8.9±1.1 g/dL) and experimental (ID+QU mice: 11.4±0.5 g/dL) groups (student's t, p<0.05). No significant difference was found in hemoglobin levels at the end of the induction period between the positive (IS mice: 9.1±1.1) and experimental (ID mice: 9.3±0.7) groups (student's t, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Under experimental conditions, quinoa has an antianemic effect based on the results of hemoglobin levels.
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20
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Analysis of the possibility to compensate menstrual blood loss in young Polish women by the dietary iron intake. Proc Nutr Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Blanco-Rojo R, Vaquero MP. Iron bioavailability from food fortification to precision nutrition. A review. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Scotet V, Saliou P, Uguen M, L'Hostis C, Merour MC, Triponey C, Chanu B, Nousbaum JB, Le Gac G, Ferec C. Do pregnancies reduce iron overload in HFE hemochromatosis women? results from an observational prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:53. [PMID: 29454332 PMCID: PMC5816504 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HFE hemochromatosis is an inborn error of iron metabolism linked to a defect in the regulation of hepcidin synthesis. This autosomal recessive disease typically manifests later in women than men. Although it is commonly stated that pregnancy is, with menses, one of the factors that offsets iron accumulation in women, no epidemiological study has yet supported this hypothesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of pregnancy on expression of the predominant HFE p.[Cys282Tyr];[Cys282Tyr] genotype. Methods One hundred and forty p.Cys282Tyr homozygous women enrolled in a phlebotomy program between 2004 and 2011 at a blood centre in western Brittany (France) were included in the study. After checking whether the disease expression was delayed in women than in men in our study, the association between pregnancy and iron overload was assessed using multivariable regression analysis. Results Our study confirms that women with HFE hemochromatosis were diagnosed later than men cared for during the same period (52.6 vs. 47.4 y., P < 0.001). Compared to no pregnancy, having at least one pregnancy was not associated with lower iron markers. In contrast, the amount of iron removed by phlebotomies appeared significantly higher in women who had at least one pregnancy (eβ = 1.50, P = 0.047). This relationship disappeared after adjustment for confounding factors (eβ = 1.35, P = 0.088). Conclusions Our study shows that pregnancy status has no impact on iron markers level, and is not in favour of pregnancy being a protective factor in progressive iron accumulation. Our results are consistent with recent experimental data suggesting that the difference in disease expression observed between men and women may be explained by other factors such as hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Scotet
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Inserm, EFS, Université de Brest, ISBAM, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.
| | - Philippe Saliou
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Inserm, EFS, Université de Brest, ISBAM, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.,Laboratoire d'Hygiene et de Sante Publique, Hopital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Marianne Uguen
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Inserm, EFS, Université de Brest, ISBAM, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Carine L'Hostis
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Inserm, EFS, Université de Brest, ISBAM, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France
| | | | - Céline Triponey
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Bretagne, Site de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Brigitte Chanu
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Bretagne, Site de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Nousbaum
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Inserm, EFS, Université de Brest, ISBAM, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.,Service d'Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Hopital La Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Gerald Le Gac
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Inserm, EFS, Université de Brest, ISBAM, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire et d'Histocompatibilite, Hopital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Claude Ferec
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Inserm, EFS, Université de Brest, ISBAM, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang - Bretagne, Site de Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire et d'Histocompatibilite, Hopital Morvan, Brest, France
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Ma Q, Zhang S, Liu J, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y, Liu M. Study on the Prevalence of Severe Anemia among Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Rural China: A Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121298. [PMID: 29182590 PMCID: PMC5748749 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, severe anemia impacts millions of non-pregnant women. However, studies on the prevalence of severe anemia through large epidemiologic surveys among non-pregnant women have been scarce in China. In this study, we aimed to study the prevalence of severe anemia and its determinants among non-pregnant women living in rural areas of China. Data were gathered for 712,101 non-pregnant women aged between 21 and 49 years who attended the 2012 National Free Preconception Health Examination Project. Severe anemia in non-pregnant women was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration lower than 80 g/L. Associated factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods. Out of the 712,101 non-pregnant women living in the rural areas of China, 1728 suffered from severe anemia, with a prevalence of 0.24% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23–0.25%). Results from the multivariable logistic regression showed that elderly (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.08), living in the northwest region (aOR = 2.88), having a history of anemia (aOR = 5.76), with heavy menstrual blood loss (aOR = 1.84), and with a history of using an intra-uterine device (aOR = 1.47) etc., were independent determinants for women with severe anemia in rural China. The prevalence of severe anemia among Chinese non-pregnant women living in the rural areas was lower than the reported global prevalence. Prevention and intervention programs for severe anemia are required among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in the rural areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Shikun Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Haiping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China.
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Hu PJ, Ley SH, Bhupathiraju SN, Li Y, Wang DD. Associations of dietary, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors with iron status in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:503-512. [PMID: 28031193 PMCID: PMC6546221 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a high prevalence of anemia and related disease burden have been documented in China, limited evidence is available on the current population-level iron status and risk factors for iron imbalance. OBJECTIVE We explored the associations of dietary, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors with iron status in Chinese adults. DESIGN Our study population consisted of 7672 adults aged 18-65 y from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Diet was assessed with the use of 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Serum ferritin, serum transferrin receptor, and hemoglobin concentrations were measured. RESULTS The geometric means ± SDs for ferritin concentrations were 135.9 ± 2.7 ng/mL in men and 42.7 ± 3.1 ng/mL in women. After adjustment for potential risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration, the association between age and ferritin concentration was inverse in men (P-trend < 0.001) and positive in women (P-trend < 0.001). We observed a positive association between body mass index (in kg/m2) and ferritin concentration in both men and women (both P-trends < 0.001). Dietary phytate intake was inversely associated with ferritin concentration in men (P-trend = 0.002) but not in women. Red meat consumption was positively associated with ferritin concentration both in men (P-trend = 0.002) and in older women (P-trend = 0.009). Lower intakes of grains and higher intakes of pork and poultry were associated with higher ferritin concentrations (all P-trends ≤ 0.05) in men but not in women. We observed variations in ferritin concentrations across different geographic regions (both P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum ferritin concentrations varied across different sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors in this Chinese population. A higher intake of red meat was associated with higher ferritin concentrations in men and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hu
- Cornell University College of Human Ecology, Ithaca, NY
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- Departments of Nutrition,Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Departments of Nutrition,Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Dong D Wang
- Departments of Nutrition and .,Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
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Association between predominantly plant-based diets and iron status in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1621-1632. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCurrent evidence of the relationship between diets and Fe status is mostly derived from studies in developed countries with Western diets, which may not be translatable to Chinese with a predominantly plant-based diet. We extracted data that were nationally sampled from the 2009 wave of China Health and Nutrition Survey; dietary information was collected using 24-h recalls combined with a food inventory for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected to quantify Fe status, and log-ferritin, transferrin receptor and Hb were used as Fe status indicators. In total, 2905 (1360 males and 1545 females) adults aged 18–50 years were included for multiple linear regression and stratified analyses. The rates of Fe deficiency and Fe-deficiency anaemia were 1·6 and 0·7 % for males and 28·4 and 10·7 % for females, respectively. As red meat and haem Fe consumption differed about fifteen to twenty times throughout the five groups, divided by quintiles of animal protein intake per 4·2 MJ/d, only Fe status as indicated by log-ferritin (P=0·019) and transferrin receptor (P=0·024) concentrations in males was shown to be higher as intakes of animal foods increased. Log-ferritin was positively associated with intakes of red meat (B=0·3 %, P=0·01) and haem Fe (B=12·3 %, P=0·010) in males and with intake of non-haem Fe in females (B=2·2 %, P=0·024). We conclude that diet has a very limited association with Fe status in Chinese adults consuming a traditional Chinese diet, and a predominantly plant-based diet may not be necessarily responsible for poor Fe status.
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Gichohi-Wainaina WN, Tanaka T, Towers GW, Verhoef H, Veenemans J, Talsma EF, Harryvan J, Boekschoten MV, Feskens EJ, Melse-Boonstra A. Associations between Common Variants in Iron-Related Genes with Haematological Traits in Populations of African Ancestry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157996. [PMID: 27332551 PMCID: PMC4917107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large genome-wide association (GWA) studies of European ancestry individuals have identified multiple genetic variants influencing iron status. Studies on the generalizability of these associations to African ancestry populations have been limited. These studies are important given interethnic differences in iron status and the disproportionate burden of iron deficiency among African ancestry populations. METHODS We tested the associations of 20 previously identified iron status-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 628 Kenyans, 609 Tanzanians, 608 South Africans and 228 African Americans. In each study, we examined the associations present between 20 SNPs with ferritin and haemoglobin, adjusting for age, sex and CRP levels. RESULTS In the meta analysis including all 4 African ancestry cohorts, we replicated previously reported associations with lowered haemoglobin concentrations for rs2413450 (β = -0.19, P = 0.02) and rs4820268 (β = -0.16, P = 0.04) in TMPRSS6. An association with increased ferritin concentrations was also confirmed for rs1867504 in TF (β = 1.04, P = <0.0001) in the meta analysis including the African cohorts only. CONCLUSIONS In all meta analyses, we only replicated 4 of the 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms reported to be associated with iron status in large GWA studies of European ancestry individuals. While there is now evidence for the associations of a number of genetic variants with iron status in both European and African ancestry populations, the considerable lack of concordance highlights the importance of continued ancestry-specific studies to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of iron status in ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjiku N. Gichohi-Wainaina
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- International institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - G. Wayne Towers
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University (Potchefstroom campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hans Verhoef
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Medical Research Council (MRC) International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jacobien Veenemans
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Goes The Netherlands
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- HarvestPlus, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Jan Harryvan
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark V. Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Is Higher Consumption of Animal Flesh Foods Associated with Better Iron Status among Adults in Developed Countries? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2016; 8:89. [PMID: 26891320 PMCID: PMC4772052 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency within the developed world. This is of concern as ID has been shown to affect immunity, thermoregulation, work performance and cognition. Animal flesh foods provide the richest and most bioavailable source of dietary (haem) iron, however, it is unclear whether low animal flesh diets contribute to ID. This systematic review aimed to investigate whether a higher consumption of animal flesh foods is associated with better iron status in adults. CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for published studies that included adults (≥18 years) from developed countries and measured flesh intakes in relation to iron status indices. Eight experimental and 41 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Generally, studies varied in population and study designs and results were conflicting. Of the seven high quality studies, five showed a positive association between animal flesh intake (85-300 g/day) and iron status. However, the optimum quantity or frequency of flesh intake required to maintain or achieve a healthy iron status remains unclear. Results show a promising relationship between animal flesh intake and iron status, however, additional longitudinal and experimental studies are required to confirm this relationship and determine optimal intakes to reduce ID development.
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Baeza-Richer C, Arroyo-Pardo E, Blanco-Rojo R, Toxqui L, Remacha A, Vaquero MP, López-Parra AM. Genetic contribution to iron status: SNPs related to iron deficiency anaemia and fine mapping of CACNA2D3 calcium channel subunit. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dietary intake of iron, zinc, copper, and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:2269-75. [PMID: 26265293 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although some studies have reported the associations between specific metal element intake and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), the associations between specific metal element intake such as iron intake and PD are still conflicted. We aimed to determine whether intake of iron, zinc, and copper increases/decreases the risk of PD. PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar were searched. We pooled the multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios using random effects. Study quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Five studies including 126,507 individuals remained for inclusion, pooled RRs of Parkinson's disease for moderate dietary iron intake was 1.08 (95 % CI 0.61-1.93, P = 0.787), and for high dietary iron intake was (1.03, 95 % CI 0.83-1.30, P = 0.766), respectively. The pooled RRs of Parkinson's disease for the highest compared with the lowest dietary iron intake were 1.47 (95 % CI 1.17-1.85, P = 0.001) in western population and in males (RR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.01-2.01, P = 0.041). The pooled RRs of Parkinson's disease for moderate or high intake of zinc, and copper were not statistically different (P > 0.05). PD increased by 18 % (RR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.02-1.37) for western population by every 10-mg/day increment in iron intake. Higher iron intake appears to be not associated with overall PD risk, but may be associated with risk of PD in western population. Sex may be a factor influencing PD risk for higher iron intake. However, further studies are still needed to confirm the sex-selective effects.
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Kwon HW, Kwon SE, Lee JE, Jun YH, Kim SK. The Characteristics of Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children and Adolescents. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.15264/cpho.2015.22.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soon Ki Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: a hypothesis. Nutrients 2015; 7:2324-44. [PMID: 25849944 PMCID: PMC4425147 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. The relationship between iron and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron overload patients who suffered bone loss. The opposite scenario—whether iron deficiency, with or without anemia, affects bone metabolism—has not been fully addressed. This is of great interest, as this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem and at the same time osteoporosis and bone alterations are highly prevalent. This review presents current knowledge on nutritional iron deficiency and bone remodeling, the biomarkers to evaluate iron status and bone formation and resorption, and the link between iron and bone metabolism. Finally, it is hypothesized that chronic iron deficiency induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health. Several mechanisms are suggested; hence, further investigation on the possible impact of chronic iron deficiency on the development of osteoporosis is needed.
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Beck KL, Conlon CA, Kruger R, Coad J. Dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency for young women living in industrialized countries: a review. Nutrients 2014; 6:3747-76. [PMID: 25244367 PMCID: PMC4179187 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a concern in both developing and developed (industrialized) countries; and young women are particularly vulnerable. This review investigates dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency in young women living in industrialized countries. Dietary factors including ascorbic acid and an elusive factor in animal protein foods (meat; fish and poultry) enhance iron absorption; while phytic acid; soy protein; calcium and polyphenols inhibit iron absorption. However; the effects of these dietary factors on iron absorption do not necessarily translate into an association with iron status and iron stores (serum ferritin concentration). In cross-sectional studies; only meat intake has consistently (positively) been associated with higher serum ferritin concentrations. The enhancing effects of ascorbic acid and meat on iron absorption may be negated by the simultaneous consumption of foods and nutrients which are inhibitory. Recent cross-sectional studies have considered the combination and timing of foods consumed; with mixed results. Dietary interventions using a range of focused dietary measures to improve iron status appear to be more effective than dietary approaches that focus on single nutrients or foods. Further research is needed to determine optimal dietary recommendations for both the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Beck
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Coad
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
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