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Li J, Ma X, Xuan Q, Li Q, Wu M, Shi B, Fang Z, Chen L, Chen J, Wen Y, Zhu C, Zhu L, Zhang X, Yuan Z. Modulation of monocyte activity by hepatocellular MicroRNA delivery through HBsAg particles: Implications for pathobiology of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00922. [PMID: 38904485 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HBsAg serves as an important immune-modulatory factor in chronic hepatitis B. One aspect of such modulation may act through monocytes, which are the major Ag-presenting cells taking up HBsAg. There is evidence for the encapsulation of hepatocellular microRNAs (miRNAs) by HBsAg particles, while its pathobiological significance is unclear. Here, we characterized the miRNA profile in patients with chronic hepatitis B and probed their association with liver inflammation. APPROACHES AND RESULTS We collected plasma from patients that are treatment-naive with chronic hepatitis B (n = 110) and quantified total/HBsAg-enveloped miRNAs by qRT-PCR and plasma cytokines by ELISA. The biological effects of HBsAg-delivered miRNAs in monocytes were evaluated using multiple approaches. The clinical significance of candidate miRNAs and cytokines was corroborated in patients with HBV-associated advanced liver diseases. The plasma miRNA profile showed 2 major clusters, one significantly associated with HBsAg titer and the other correlated with liver inflammation. Among HBsAg-carried miRNAs, miR-939 displayed the most significant correlation with IL-8. Mechanistically, miR-939 in subviral particles enters monocytes and significantly augments IL-8 production through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 signaling pathway. Finally, the findings that miR-939 positively correlated with IL-8 level and inflammation/fibrosis stage in the cohort of HBV-associated advanced liver diseases support its causative role in the progression of liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS HBsAg particles carry hepatocellular miRNAs, including miR-939, which enter monocytes and alter their functional status, such as IL-8 secretion. Our findings demonstrate that the HBsAg-miR-939-IL-8 axis may play a crucial role in HBV-induced hepatic necro-inflammation and the progression of advanced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinkao Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bisheng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC), Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang J, Yin Y, Tang J, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Sun F. Changes in Serum Interleukin-8 Levels Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Immunotherapy in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3397-3406. [PMID: 38813541 PMCID: PMC11135337 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s460931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective biomarkers are needed to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the early changes in serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels as a biomarker of response to ICIs in patients with unresectable HCC. Methods Eighty patients who received ICIs therapy alone or in combination with other treatments for unresectable HCC were included. Serum was collected at baseline and 2-4 weeks after the first dose. Serum IL-8 levels were measured using by ELISA. Results In the progressive disease (PD) group, serum IL-8 levels increased significantly before the second dose of ICIs therapy compared with baseline levels (P < 0.001). Early changes in serum IL-8 levels were significantly associated with the response to ICIs therapy (P < 0.001). A cutoff value of 8.1% increase over the baseline most effectively predicted the response to ICIs. Increases in serum IL-8 levels > 8.1% indicated the uselessness of ICIs immunotherapy in patients with unresectable HCC. Patients with increases in serum IL-8 levels > 8.1% had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than those with increases in serum IL-8 levels ≤ 8.1% (P < 0.001). Increases in serum IL-8 levels > 8.1% were independent prognosticators of worse OS (P = 0.003) and PFS (P < 0.001). Conclusion Early changes in serum IL-8 levels, measured only 2-4 weeks after starting therapy, could predict the response to ICIs therapy, as well as OS and PFS of patients with unresectable HCC. Increases in serum IL-8 levels > 8.1% indicated the uselessness of ICIs immunotherapy and predicted worse OS and PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Paediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Paediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiliang Tang
- Emergency Department, Rizhao Central Hospital, Rizhao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingrong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengkai Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Ma YT, Zheng L, Zhao CW, Zhang Y, Xu XW, Wang XY, Niu GP, Man ZS, Gu F, Chen YQ. Interferon-α induces differentiation of cancer stem cells and immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating CXCL8 secretion. Cytokine 2024; 177:156555. [PMID: 38387232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is widely used in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, high levels of CXCL8 are associated with resistance to IFN-α therapy and poorer prognosis in advanced cancers. In this study, we investigated whether IFN-α could directly induce the production of CXCL8 in HCC cells and whether CXCL8 could antagonize the antitumor activity of IFN-α. We found that IFN-α not only upregulated the expression of the inducible genes CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and PD-L1, but also significantly stimulated CXCL8 secretion in HCC cells. Mechanically, IFN-α induces CXCL8 expression by activating the AKT and JNK pathways. In addition, our results demonstrate that IFN-α exposure significantly increases the differentiation of HCC stem cells, but this effect is reversed by the addition of the CXCL8 receptor CXCR1/2 inhibitor Reparixin and STAT3 inhibitor Stattic. Besides, our study reveals that the cytokine CXCL8 secreted by IFN-α-induced HCC cells inhibits T-cell function. Conversely, inhibition of CXCL8 promotes TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion by T cells. Finally, liver cancer patients who received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy with high CXCL8 expression had a lower immunotherapy efficacy. Overall, our findings clarify that IFN-α triggers immunosuppression and cancer stem cell differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating CXCL8 secretion. This discovery provides a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of HCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Ping Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Song Man
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221009, China.
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen SL, Xiao H, Li GJ, Shen YJ. Expression Pattern of Cytokines in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving PEGinterferon Therapy. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1771-1782. [PMID: 37193251 PMCID: PMC10183186 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s402524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is a worldwide health problem. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is an available therapy for CHB that has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. However, PEG-IFN therapy is limited by the fact that only a subset of patients show a sustained response, its severe side effects, and high cost. The aim of this study was to explore novel biomarkers for the early prediction of PEG-IFN treatment response and to uncover its underlying mechanism. Patients and Methods We enrolled 10 paired patients with Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB who received PEG-IFN-α2a monotherapy. Patient serum samples were collected at 0, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks and serum samples were collected from eight healthy people as healthy controls. For confirmation, we enrolled 27 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB receiving PEG-IFN therapy and serum samples at 0 and 12 weeks were obtained. Serum samples were analyzed using Luminex technology. Results Among 27 assessed cytokines, 10 cytokines were identified to have high expression levels. Among them, six cytokines had significant differences in their levels between the patients with HBeAg-positive CHB and the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Potentially, treatment response could be predicted using the early time points of 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Moreover, after 12 weeks of PEG-IFN treatment, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed. The fold change of IP-10 between 12 weeks and 0 weeks correlated with the decrease in ALT levels from 0 to 12 weeks (r = 0.2675, P = 0.0024). Conclusion In patients with CHB, we observed a certain pattern in the levels of cytokines during treatment with PEG-IFN, and the cytokine IP-10 might be a potential biomarker for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Long Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shao-Long Chen, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Li
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jie Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
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Zhong S, Zhang T, Tang L, Li Y. Cytokines and Chemokines in HBV Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:805625. [PMID: 34926586 PMCID: PMC8674621 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.805625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a leading cause of hepatic inflammation and damage. The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is predominantly mediated by persistent intrahepatic immunopathology. With the characterization of unique anatomical and immunological structure, the liver is also deemed an immunological organ, which gives rise to massive cytokines and chemokines under pathogenesis conditions, having significant implications for the progression of HBV infection. The intrahepatic innate immune system is responsible for the formidable source of cytokines and chemokines, with the latter also derived from hepatic parenchymal cells. In addition, systemic cytokines and chemokines are disturbed along with the disease course. Since HBV is a stealth virus, persistent exposure to HBV-related antigens confers to immune exhaustion, whereby regulatory cells are recruited by intrahepatic chemokines and cytokines, including interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor β, are involved in such series of causal events. Although the considerable value of two types of available approved treatment, interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues, effectively suppress HBV replication, neither of them is sufficient for optimal restoration of the immunological attrition state to win the battle of the functional or virological cure of CHB infection. Notably, cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in regulating the immune response. They exert effects by directly acting on HBV or indirectly manipulating target immune cells. As such, specific cytokines and chemokines, with a potential possibility to serve as novel immunological interventions, combined with those that target the virus itself, seem to be promising prospects in curative CHB infection. Here, we systematically review the recent literature that elucidates cytokine and chemokine-mediated pathogenesis and immune exhaustion of HBV infection and their dynamics triggered by current mainstream anti-HBV therapy. The predictive value of disease progression or control and the immunotherapies target of specific major cytokines and chemokines in CHB infection will also be delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Association between immunologic markers and cirrhosis in individuals with chronic hepatitis B. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21194. [PMID: 34782638 PMCID: PMC8593047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immune response and chronic inflammation associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We sampled 175 HCC, 117 cirrhotic and 165 non-cirrhotic controls from a prospective cohort study of chronically HBV-infected individuals. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were used to compare baseline plasma levels for 102 markers in individuals who developed cirrhosis vs. controls and those who developed HCC vs. cirrhosis. Leave-one-out cross validation was used to generate receiver operating characteristic curves to compare the predictive ability of marker groups. After multivariable adjustment, HGF (Q4v1OR: 3.74; p-trend = 0.0001), SLAMF1 (Q4v1OR: 4.07; p-trend = 0.0001), CSF1 (Q4v1OR: 3.00; p-trend = 0.002), uPA (Q4v1OR: 3.36; p-trend = 0.002), IL-8 (Q4v1OR: 2.83; p-trend = 0.004), and OPG (Q4v1OR: 2.44; p-trend = 0.005) were all found to be associated with cirrhosis development compared to controls; these markers predicted cirrhosis with 69% accuracy. CDA analysis identified a nine marker model capable of predicting cirrhosis development with 79% accuracy. No markers were significantly different between HCC and cirrhotic participants. In this study, we assessed immunologic markers in relation to liver disease in chronically-HBV infected individuals. While validation in required, these findings highlight the importance of immunologic processes in HBV-related cirrhosis.
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Amoras EDSG, de Brito WB, Queiroz MAF, Conde SRSDS, Cayres Vallinoto IMV, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. The Genetic Profile and Serum Level of IL-8 Are Associated with Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1664. [PMID: 34827662 PMCID: PMC8615951 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the IL8-251 A/T polymorphism in samples from 74 patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV), 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV), and 300 healthy donors (CG). The correlations of this polymorphism with plasma IL-8 and disease stage were calculated. Polymorphisms were identified by real-time PCR. IL-8 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL8-251 A/T genotype was not associated with susceptibility to infection by HBV or HCV. The wild-type allele (A) was associated with higher levels of inflammation (p = 0.0464) and fibrosis scores (p = 0.0016) in the HBV group, representing an increased risk for increased inflammatory activity (OR = 1.84; p = 0.0464) and for high fibrosis scores (OR = 2.63; p = 0.0016). Viral load was higher in HBV patients with polymorphic genotypes (TA and TT) at the IL8-251 A/T polymorphism than in those with the wild-type genotype (p = 0.0272 and p = 0.0464, respectively). Plasma IL-8 was higher among patients infected with HBV or HCV than in the control group (p = 0.0445 and p = 0.0001, respectively). The polymorphic genotype was associated with lower IL-8 than the wild-type genotype in the HBV group (p = 0.0239) and the HCV group (p = 0.0372). The wild-type genotype for IL8-251 A/T and high IL-8 were associated with a worse prognosis for infections; therefore, they may contribute to viral persistence and the development of more severe forms of chronic viral liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (E.d.S.G.A.); (W.B.d.B.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (R.I.)
| | - William Botelho de Brito
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (E.d.S.G.A.); (W.B.d.B.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (E.d.S.G.A.); (W.B.d.B.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde
- João de Barros Barreto Hospital, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66073-000, Brazil;
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (E.d.S.G.A.); (W.B.d.B.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (E.d.S.G.A.); (W.B.d.B.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (E.d.S.G.A.); (W.B.d.B.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (R.I.)
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Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115497. [PMID: 34071064 PMCID: PMC8197097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they are also accountable for inflammation and subsequently cause liver pathologies. During the initial phase of HBV infection, innate immunity is triggered leading to antiviral cytokines production, followed by activation and intrahepatic recruitment of the adaptive immune system resulting in successful virus elimination. In chronic HBV infection, significant alterations in both innate and adaptive immunity including expansion of regulatory cells, overexpression of co-inhibitory receptors, presence of abundant inflammatory mediators, and modifications in immune cell derived exosome release and function occurs, which overpower antiviral response leading to persistent viral infection and subsequent immune pathologies associated with disease progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune cells transformations that are associated with immunopathogenesis and disease outcome in CHB patients.
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Rashidi S, Farhadi L, Ghasemi F, Sheikhesmaeili F, Mohammadi A. The potential role of HLA-G in the pathogenesis of HBV infection: Immunosuppressive or immunoprotective? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104580. [PMID: 33022425 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The non-classical human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-G could be generally considered as a potent tolerogenic molecule, which modulates immune responses. HLA-G due to the immunosuppressive properties may play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections related to the liver. HLA-G may display two distinct activities in the pathological conditions so that it could be protective in the autoimmune and inflammatory diseases or could be suppressive of the immune system in the infections or cancers. HLA-G might be used as a novel therapeutic target for liver diseases in the future. Indeed, new therapeutic agents targeting HLA-G expression or antibodies which block HLA-G activity are being developed and tested. However, further consideration of the HLA-G function in liver disease is required. This review aims to summarize the role of HLA-G in the liver of patients with HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadyeh Rashidi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Leila Farhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sheikhesmaeili
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Therapeutic Potential of OMe-PS-miR-29b1 for Treating Liver Fibrosis. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2798-2811. [PMID: 30287074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-differentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into active myofibroblasts secretes excess amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. miR-29b1 has the potential to treat liver fibrosis, because it targets several profibrotic genes. We previously demonstrated that miR-29b1 and the hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 could, together, inhibit the activation of HSCs and ECM production in common bile-duct-ligated (CBDL) mice. Herein, we determined the effect of chemical modifications of miR-29b1 on its stability, immunogenicity, and Argonaute-2 (Ago2) loading in vitro, after modifying its antisense strand with phosphorothioate (PS-miR-29b1), 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate (OMe-miR-29b1), locked nucleic acid (LNA-miR-29b1), and N,N'-diethyl-4-(4-nitronaphthalen-1-ylazo)-phenylamine (ZEN-miR-29b1). Chemical modifications significantly improved stability of miR-29b1 in 50% FBS. Among all the modified miRNAs tested, OMe-PS-miR-29b1 showed the highest stability with low immunogenicity, without the loss of efficacy in vitro. Therefore, OMe-PS-miR-29b1 was complexed with poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-tetraethylenepentamine (mPEG-b-PCC-g-DC-g-TEPA) cationic micelles, and anti-fibrotic efficacy was evaluated in CBDL mice. There was a significant improvement in liver histology and decrease in the levels of injury markers. Further, mRNA/protein levels of collagen, α-SMA, and TIMP-1 were significantly lower for the OMe-PS-miR-29b1-loaded micelles compared to miR-29b1-loaded micelles. In conclusion, micellar delivery of OMe-PS-miR-29b1 is a promising strategy to treat liver fibrosis.
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Haga Y, Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Nakamura M, Sasaki R, Wu S, Yokosuka O. Interferon induces interleukin 8 and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 expression, inhibiting the production of hepatitis B virus surface antigen from human hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:858-863. [PMID: 28363866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is one of the treatment goals of chronic HBV infection. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is one of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) and inhibits the release of various enveloped viruses. Here we examined the effects of antiviral treatment on HBsAg levels and its intracellular mechanism in HBsAg-producing hepatocytes. In PLC/PRF/5 and Huh1, IFNα-2a treatment decreased HBsAg levels in their conditioned media. Upregulation of interleukin 8 (IL8), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) mRNAs was associated with the reduction of HBsAg in both PLC/PRF/5 and Huh1. The HBsAg level was upregulated by knockdown of IL8, TLR2 or IP10. Exogenous addition of IL8 enhanced BST2 promoter activity and BST2 mRNA expression. Additionally, knockdown of IL8 could lead to the downregulation of BST2 mRNA. Transfection of poly(I-C) enhanced IL8 and BST2 mRNA expression and inhibited HBsAg secretion from PLC/PRF/5 cells. In conclusion, IL8 might play an important role in the enhancement of BST2 and be involved in HBsAg eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Min HJ, Yoon JH, Kim CH. HSP70 is associated with the severity of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017; 30:101-6. [PMID: 27456583 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal secretions include cytokines and inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathogenesis of upper airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE We tried to find unknown biomolecules that are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS We collected nasal mucosal secretions from patients who were diagnosed as having CRS and who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. A total of 63 patients who underwent nasal secretion collection were reviewed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed by using nasal lavage samples to evaluate which biomolecules were associated with the severity of inflammation based on the Lund-Mackay score. By using human nasal epithelial cells, we performed Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the secretory mechanism of heat shock protein (HSP) 70. RESULTS We found that the level of interleukin 8 and HSP70 were significantly associated with the Lund-Mackay score and interleukin 17C, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, and HSP27 were not significantly associated. HSP70 was also significantly associated with the surgical outcome of the enrolled patients. Furthermore, we found that exposure to hypoxia and treatment of lipoteichoic acid induced the secretion of HSP70 but that lipopolysaccharide did not induce the secretion of HSP70 in human nasal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that HSP70 might play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS and the possibility of HSP70 as a biomolecule that represents the severity of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cavalli G, De Luca G, Dagna L. Advances in potential targeted therapies for Erdheim-Chester disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1285226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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HBV/HCV dual infection impacts viral load, antibody response, and cytokine expression differently from HBV or HCV single infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39409. [PMID: 28009018 PMCID: PMC5180099 DOI: 10.1038/srep39409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) dual infection is common among high-risk individuals. To characterize the virological and immunological features of patients with HBV/HCV dual infection, we enrolled 1,049 individuals who have been identified as injection drug users. Patients were divided into single and dual infection groups according to the serological markers. We found the average HCV RNA level was significantly lower; however, HBV viral load was significantly higher in HBV/HCV dual-infected patients (n = 42) comparing HCV single infection (n = 340) or HBV single infection (n = 136). The level of anti-HBs in patients who experienced spontaneous HBV clearance was higher than that in HCV single-infected patients with HBV spontaneous clearance. The level of anti-HCV E2 in HBV/HCV dual infection was lower than that detected in HCV single infection. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly lower in HBV/HCV dual-infected patients than in patients infected with HBV or HCV alone. Taken together, two viral replications are imbalanced in dual infected patients. The anti-HBs and anti-HCV E2 antibody production were impaired and proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α also downregulated due to dual infection. These findings will help further understanding the pathogenesis of HBV/HCV dual infection.
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Anakinra as efficacious therapy for 2 cases of intracranial Erdheim-Chester disease. Blood 2016; 128:1896-1898. [PMID: 27535996 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-725143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Said EA, Al-Reesi I, Al-Riyami M, Al-Naamani K, Al-Sinawi S, Al-Balushi MS, Koh CY, Al-Busaidi JZ, Idris MA, Al-Jabri AA. Increased CD86 but Not CD80 and PD-L1 Expression on Liver CD68+ Cells during Chronic HBV Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158265. [PMID: 27348308 PMCID: PMC4922653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure to establish potent anti-HBV T cell responses suggests the absence of an effective innate immune activation. Kupffer cells and liver-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages have an essential role in establishing anti-HBV responses. These cells express the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. CD80 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) induces Th1 cell differentiation, whereas CD86 expression drives the differentiation towards a Th2 profile. The relative expression of CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 on APCs, regulates T cell activation. Few studies investigated CD80 and CD86 expression on KCs and infiltrating monocytes/macrophages in HBV-infected liver and knowledge about the expression of PD-L1 on these cells is controversial. The expression of these molecules together in CD68+ cells has not been explored in HBV-infected livers. METHODS Double staining immunohistochemistry was applied to liver biopsies of HBV-infected and control donors to explore CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 expression in the lobular and portal areas. RESULTS Chronic HBV infection was associated with increased CD68+CD86+ cell count and percentage in the lobular areas, and no changes in the count and percentage of CD68+CD80+ and CD68+PD-L1+ cells, compared to the control group. While CD68+CD80+ cell count in portal areas correlated with the fibrosis score, CD68+CD80+ cell percentage in lobular areas correlated with the inflammation grade. CONCLUSION The upregulation of CD86 but not CD80 and PD-L1 on CD68+ cells in HBV-infected livers, suggests that these cells do not support the induction of potent Th1. Moreover, the expression of CD80 on CD68+ cells correlates with liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Iman Al-Reesi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Marwa Al-Riyami
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Shadia Al-Sinawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Crystal Y. Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Juma Z. Al-Busaidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohamed A. Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali A. Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
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Yan T, He Y, Li Y, Wang J, Chen T, Yang Y, Liu J, Jin L, Zhang Y, Yi R, Zhao Y. With Cytometric Bead Assay, the Interleukin-10/HBV DNA Ratio Is an Early Predictor for Response to Interferon-α Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:779-84. [PMID: 26061031 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruitian Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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miR-106a Is Downregulated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Chronic Hepatitis B and Associated with Enhanced Levels of Interleukin-8. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:629862. [PMID: 26265888 PMCID: PMC4525765 DOI: 10.1155/2015/629862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. This study aimed to investigate miR-106a expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and to analyze the function of miR-106a. Materials and Methods. miR-106a expression levels in PBMCs from 40 healthy controls and 56 CHB patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The luciferase activity assays were used to determine whether miR-106a binds to 3′UTR of IL-8. miR-106a mimics and inhibitors were transfected into healthy PBMCs. IL-8 mRNA and protein levels were detected and determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results. The qRT-PCR results suggested that the PBMC miR-106a levels were decreased in CHB patients. IL-8 was augmented in CHB patients and was inversely correlated with miR-106a levels. The luciferase activity assays indicated that IL-8 is a target of miR-106a. Exogenous expression of miR-106a could significantly repress IL-8 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs, whereas miR-106a inhibitor had the opposite effects. Conclusions. This study suggested that miR-106a is downregulated in PBMCs of CHB patients and that miR-106a may play an important role in CHB by targeting IL-8.
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