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Sak K. The low expression of matrix metalloproteinases: a key to longevity? EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2024:158-166. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2024.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, it has become clear that an excessive activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can accelerate the progression and fatal outcomes of several serious age-related diseases, including atherosclerotic coronary heart disorders and various types of malignancies. These proteolytic enzymes mediate the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix through cleaving its various components, thereby affecting many critical functions of surrounding cells and intercellular communication. Consequently, the low expression levels of MMPs can be important in the prevention and treatment of such chronic life-threatening pathologies, contributing to the better quality of life and longer life expectancy. In this review article, the pathogenic proteolytic roles of MMPs are examined in more detail, especially in the cases of heart attack and stroke as well as cancer invasion and metastasis, showing that these enzymes can be considered not only as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but also as important therapeutic targets in the fight against many age- and lifestyle-related serious disorders. The identification and development of suppressing agents with a selective activity towards specific MMPs have, however, still remained a complex and complicated challenge, in which natural plant-derived compounds are increasingly recognized as promising leads for the new-generation inhibitors.
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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Dong Z, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Song H, Li H, Shi D, Zhou C, Zhou J, Liu R. Evaluating Atherosclerosis of the Abdominal Aorta in Rabbits Using 2-D Strain Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:2199-2206. [PMID: 35953348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
After establishment of an animal model of atherosclerosis, speckle tracking imaging was performed to analyze the correlation between ultrasound characteristics and pathological manifestations. Rabbits were divided into the normal control (NC) and atherosclerosis (AS) groups. Rabbits in the AS group were subjected to ultrasound-guided balloon injury of the abdominal aorta and fed a high-fat diet for 16 wk. Rabbits in the NC group were fed a normal diet for the same period. After 16 wk, all animals underwent serological tests, ultrasound and speckle tracking circumferential strain analysis. In the AS group, 28 hypo-echoic plaques had formed. The circumferential strain of six segments at the short axis of plaques in the AS group was lower than that in the NC group (p < 0.001), and global circumferential strain (GCS) in the AS group was significantly reduced compared with the NC group (p < 0.001). In the AS group, the area ratio of type I to type III collagen fibers was smaller than that in the NC group. The GCS of atherosclerotic plaques was positively correlated with the area ratio of type I to type III collagen fibers in plaques (r = 0.7181, p < 0.001). In conclusion, there is a significant positive correlation between the decreased circumferential strain and the decreased area ratio of type I to type III collagen fibers in hypo-echoic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; Central Laboratory, First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; Central Laboratory, First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Zulin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Haiying Song
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Douzi Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China; Central Laboratory, First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
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Icaritin, a metabolite of Icarrin, Alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via inhibition of lipogenesis and ER stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 937:175378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bi Z, Zhang W, Yan X. Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of icariin and icaritin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113180. [PMID: 35676785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity dysregulation have received widespread attention in recent years due to their occurrence in the pathophysiology of many conditions. In this regard, several pharmacological studies have been conducted aiming to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals. Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine, is often used as a tonic, aphrodisiac, and anti-rheumatic agent. Icariin (ICA) is the main active ingredient of Epimedium and is, once ingested, mainly metabolized into Icaritin (ICT). Data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that ICA and its metabolite (ICT) regulated the functions and activation of immune cells, modulated the release of inflammatory factors, and restored aberrant signaling pathways. ICA and ICT were also involved in anti-inflammatory and immune responses in several diseases, including multiple sclerosis, asthma, atherosclerosis, lupus nephritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Yet, data showed that ICA and ICT exhibited similar but not identical pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, based on their higher solubility and bioavailability, as well as trends indicating that single-ingredient compounds offer broader and safer therapeutic capabilities, ICA and ICT delivery systems and treatment represent interesting avenues with promising clinical applications. In this study, we reviewed the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms, as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of ICA and its metabolite ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyang Bi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pneumology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Department of Health Care, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Li K, Xiao K, Zhu S, Wang Y, Wang W. Chinese Herbal Medicine for Primary Liver Cancer Therapy: Perspectives and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:889799. [PMID: 35600861 PMCID: PMC9117702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common solid malignancies. However, PLC drug development has been slow, and first-line treatments are still needed; thus, studies exploring and developing alternative strategies for effective PLC treatment are urgently needed. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has long been applied in the clinic due to its advantages of low toxicity and targeting of multiple factors and pathways, and it has great potential for the development of novel natural drugs against PLC. Purpose: This review aims to provide an update on the pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) and the latest CHM-derived compounds for the treatment of PLC and relevant clinical evaluations. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of English literature databases, Chinese literature, the Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry for studies of CHMs for PLC treatment was performed. Results: In this review, we summarize the clinical trials and mechanisms of CPMs for PLC treatment that have entered the clinic with the approval of the Chinese medicine regulatory authority. These CPMs included Huaier granules, Ganfule granules, Fufang Banmao capsules, Jinlong capsules, Brucea javanica oil emulsions, and compound kushen injections. We also summarize the latest in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies of CHM-derived compounds against PLC: icaritin and ginsenoside Rg3. Dilemmas facing the development of CHMs, such as drug toxicity and low oral availability, and future developments are also discussed. Conclusion: This review provides a deeper the understanding of CHMs as PLC treatments and provides ideas for the development of new natural drugs against PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kunmin Xiao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Wei Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Prescription and Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provinvial Key Laboratory of TCM Pathogenesis and Prescriptions of Heart and Spleen Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang, ; Wei Wang,
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Chen CH, Ho HH, Jiang WC, Ao-Ieong WS, Wang J, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA, Layne MD, Yet SF. Cysteine-rich protein 2 deficiency attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:25. [PMID: 35414069 PMCID: PMC9004090 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relatively common and often fatal condition. A major histopathological hallmark of AAA is the severe degeneration of aortic media with loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are the main source of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. VSMCs and ECM homeostasis are essential in maintaining structural integrity of the aorta. Cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP2) is a VSMC-expressed protein; however, the role of CRP2 in AAA formation is unclear. Methods To investigate the function of CRP2 in AAA formation, mice deficient in Apoe (Apoe−/−) or both CRP2 (gene name Csrp2) and Apoe (Csrp2−/−Apoe−/−) were subjected to an angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion model of AAA formation. Aortas were harvested at different time points and histological analysis was performed. Primary VSMCs were generated from Apoe−/− and Csrp2−/−Apoe−/− mouse aortas for in vitro mechanistic studies. Results Loss of CRP2 attenuated Ang II-induced AAA incidence and severity, accompanied by preserved smooth muscle α-actin expression and reduced elastin degradation, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity, deposition of collagen, particularly collagen III (Col III), aortic tensile strength, and blood pressure. CRP2 deficiency decreased the baseline MMP2 and Col III expression in VSMCs and mitigated Ang II-induced increases of MMP2 and Col III via blunting Erk1/2 signaling. Rescue experiments were performed by reintroducing CRP2 into Csrp2−/−Apoe−/− VSMCs restored Ang II-induced Erk1/2 activation, MMP2 expression and activity, and Col III levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that in response to Ang II stimulation, CRP2 deficiency maintains aortic VSMC density, ECM homeostasis, and structural integrity through Erk1/2–Col III and MMP2 axis and reduces AAA formation. Thus, targeting CRP2 provides a potential therapeutic strategy for AAA. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00808-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Huang Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35053, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Hui Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35053, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Jiang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35053, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Sam Ao-Ieong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jane Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35053, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Bioactive Flavonoids Icaritin and Icariin Protect against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion-Associated Apoptosis and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in an Ischemic Stroke Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111719. [PMID: 34829948 PMCID: PMC8615444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, which is the second leading cause of mortality in the world, is urgently needed to explore the medical strategies for ischemic stroke treatment. Both icariin (ICA) and icaritin (ICT) are the major active flavonoids extracted from Herba epimedii that have been regarded as the neuroprotective agents in disease models. In this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the neuroprotective effects of ICA and ICT in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. Male ICR mice were pretreated with both ICA and ICT, which ameliorated body weight loss, neurological injury, infarct volume, and pathological change in acute ischemic stroke mice. Furthermore, administration of both ICA and ICT could also protect against neuronal cell apoptotic death, oxidative and nitrosative stress, lipid peroxidation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the brains. The neuroprotective effects of ICT are slightly better than that of ICA in acute cerebral ischemic stroke mice. These results suggest that pretreatment with both ICA and ICT improves the neuronal cell apoptosis and responses of oxidative/nitrosative stress and counteracts the ECM accumulation in the brains of acute cerebral ischemic stroke mice. Both ICA and ICT treatment may serve as a useful therapeutic strategy for acute ischemic stroke.
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Wu Z, Wang B, Tang J, Bai B, Weng S, Xie Z, Shen Z, Yan D, Chen L, Zhang J, Yang L. Degradation of subchondral bone collagen in the weight-bearing area of femoral head is associated with osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:526. [PMID: 33176818 PMCID: PMC7659206 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the change of subchondral bone collagen and trabecular bone in the weight-bearing area of femoral head from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH), and discuss the effect of collagen degradation on OA and ONFH. Methods Femoral heads from patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) were collected as control group. All collected samples were divided into OA group (N = 10), ONFH group (N = 10), and FNF group (N = 10). Differences of subchondral bone collagen were compared through scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, immunohistochemistry staining, and Masson’s trichrome staining. Alteration of subchondral bone was displayed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and gross morphology. Results SEM results showed that collagen fibers in OA and ONFH group appeared to be thinner, rougher, sparser, and more wizened. Immunohistochemistry and Masson’s trichrome staining results demonstrated that the content of collagen fibers in the OA and ONFH group was obviously less than the FNF group. H&E staining results showed that trabecular bone in OA and ONFH group appeared to be thinner and ruptured. Gross morphology results showed that the degeneration and destruction of cartilage and subchondral bone in OA and ONFH group were severer than FNF group. The characteristics mentioned above in ONFH group were more apparent than OA group. Conclusions This study revealed that degradation of collagen fibers from subchondral bone in the weight-bearing area of femoral head was associated with OA and ONFH, which may help to find new therapeutic strategies of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingli Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheji Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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do Prado AF, Bannwart CM, Shinkai VMT, de Souza Lima IM, Meschiari CA. Phyto-derived Products as Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Hypertens Rev 2020; 17:47-58. [PMID: 32386496 DOI: 10.2174/1573402116666200510011356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that present a metallic element in their structure. These enzymes are ubiquitously distributed and function as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelers. MMPs play a broad role in cardiovascular biology regulating processes such as cell adhesion and function, cellular communication and differentiation, integration of mechanical force and force transmission, tissue remodeling, modulation of damaged-tissue structural integrity, cellular survival or apoptosis and regulation of inflammation-related cytokines and growth factors. MMPs inhibition and downregulation are correlated with minimization of cardiac damage, i.e., Chinese herbal medicine has shown to stabilize abdominal aorta aneurysm due to its antiinflammatory, antioxidant and MMP-2 and 9 inhibitory properties. Thus phyto-derived products rise as promising sources for novel therapies focusing on MMPs inhibition and downregulation to treat or prevent cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F do Prado
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Cahy M Bannwart
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Victoria M T Shinkai
- Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | | | - César A Meschiari
- Health and Sports Science Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
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Jin L, Miao J, Liu Y, Li X, Jie Y, Niu Q, Han X. Icaritin induces mitochondrial apoptosis by up-regulating miR-124 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:287-295. [PMID: 27889233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of icaritin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and the associated mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS KB and SCC9 cell lines were used as model cell lines. Effect of icaritin on apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The effect of icaritin on mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was demonstrated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytocrome C from mitochondria. MiR-124 mimic and miR-124 inhibitor were used to manipulate the expression of miR-124 in OSCC cells. SiRNA targeting Sp1 and DNMT1 as well as Sp1 and DNMT1 overexpressing vector were utilized to confirm their roles in the apoptosis-inducing effect of icaritin in OSCC cells. Activation of relevant signaling pathway by icaritin and effect of icaritin on expression of targeting molecules were determined by western blots or qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that icaritin inhibited tumor cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induced cell apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway by upregulating miR-124. Moreover, our results showed that the icaritin exerted regulatory effect on miR-124 through suppressing Sp1/DNMT1 signaling. CONCLUSION Our data provide the first experimental evidence that icaritin induces mitochondrial apoptosis in OSCC cells by upregulating miR-124 and suggest a new mechanism to explain its anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Jin
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jinhong Miao
- Department of Nursing Management,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Yanjin Liu
- Department of Nursing Management,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Xingdan Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Yaqiong Jie
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Qianyun Niu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Nanyang, China
| | - Xinguang Han
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China.
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Li Z, Meng X, Jin L. Icaritin induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in human glioblastoma cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4628-4643. [PMID: 27904667 PMCID: PMC5126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GBM represents the most aggressive type of glioma which is featured by extremely aggressive invasion and destructive malignancy with a high proliferation rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-tumor effect of icaritin in human GBM cell line U87. METHODS The effect of icaritin on In vitro cell viability was determined by MTT assay and colony formation assay. The inducing effect of icaritin on cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, apoptosis, autophagy and intracellular ROS generation was assessed by flow cytometry. The apoptotic cell death was also confirmed by TUNEL assay. The expression levels of target or marker molecules were examined by western blot. The activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 was detected with ELISA kit. RESULTS Our results showed that icaritin significantly induced both caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in human GBM cell line U87. Additionally, our findings revealed that icaritin exerted anti-tumor effect by modulating Stat3 through generating ROS and subsequent activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR. Further investigation also showed that icaritin-induced autophagy served as a pro-death function and possibly contributed to icaritin-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Icaritin potently inhibit the cell growth of human GBM cell line U87 through inducing both caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy. Base on our findings, icaritin can be considered as a promising candidate therapeutic agent for treatment of GBM, though further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopei Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangwen Meng
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
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