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Aquaporins and Ion Channels as Dual Targets in the Design of Novel Glioblastoma Therapeutics to Limit Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030849. [PMID: 36765806 PMCID: PMC9913334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) focus on eradicating primary tumors using radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection, but have limited success in controlling the invasive spread of glioma cells into a healthy brain, the major factor driving short survival times for patients post-diagnosis. Transcriptomic analyses of GBM biopsies reveal clusters of membrane signaling proteins that in combination serve as robust prognostic indicators, including aquaporins and ion channels, which are upregulated in GBM and implicated in enhanced glioblastoma motility. Accumulating evidence supports our proposal that the concurrent pharmacological targeting of selected subclasses of aquaporins and ion channels could impede glioblastoma invasiveness by impairing key cellular motility pathways. Optimal sets of channels to be selected as targets for combined therapies could be tailored to the GBM cancer subtype, taking advantage of differences in patterns of expression between channels that are characteristic of GBM subtypes, as well as distinguishing them from non-cancerous brain cells such as neurons and glia. Focusing agents on a unique channel fingerprint in GBM would further allow combined agents to be administered at near threshold doses, potentially reducing off-target toxicity. Adjunct therapies which confine GBM tumors to their primary sites during clinical treatments would offer profound advantages for treatment efficacy.
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2
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Aquaporin-mediated dysregulation of cell migration in disease states. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:48. [PMID: 36682037 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated cell migration and invasion are hallmarks of many disease states. This dysregulated migratory behavior is influenced by the changes in expression of aquaporins (AQPs) that occur during pathogenesis, including conditions such as cancer, endometriosis, and arthritis. The ubiquitous function of AQPs in migration of diseased cells makes them a crucial target for potential therapeutics; this possibility has led to extensive research into the specific mechanisms underlying AQP-mediated diseased cell migration. The functions of AQPs depend on a diverse set of variables including cell type, AQP isoform, disease state, cell microenvironments, and even the subcellular localization of AQPs. To consolidate the considerable work that has been conducted across these numerous variables, here we summarize and review the last decade's research covering the role of AQPs in the migration and invasion of cells in diseased states.
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3
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Aquaporins as Prognostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020331. [PMID: 36672280 PMCID: PMC9856769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease that affects millions of males worldwide. Despite rapid advances in molecular biology and innovation in technology, few biomarkers have been forthcoming in prostate cancer. The currently available biomarkers for the prognosis of prostate cancer are inadequate and face challenges, thus having limited clinical utility. To date, there are a number of prognostic and predictive biomarkers identified for prostate cancer but lack specificity and sensitivity to guide clinical decision making. There is still tremendous scope for specific biomarkers to understand the natural history and complex biology of this heterogeneous disease, and to identify early treatment responses. Accumulative studies indicate that aquaporins (AQPs) a family of membrane water channels may serve as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer in monitoring disease advancement. In the present review, we discuss the existing prostate cancer biomarkers, their limitations, and aquaporins as a prospective biomarker of prognostic significance in prostate cancer.
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4
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Clinical value and molecular mechanism of AQGPs in different tumors. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:174. [PMID: 35972604 PMCID: PMC9381609 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), including AQP3, AQP7, AQP9, and AQP10, are transmembrane channels that allow small solutes across biological membranes, such as water, glycerol, H2O2, and so on. Increasing evidence suggests that they play critical roles in cancer. Overexpression or knockdown of AQGPs can promote or inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and the expression levels of AQGPs are closely linked to the prognosis of cancer patients. Here, we provide a comprehensive and detailed review to discuss the expression patterns of AQGPs in different cancers as well as the relationship between the expression patterns and prognosis. Then, we elaborate the relevance between AQGPs and malignant behaviors in cancer as well as the latent upstream regulators and downstream targets or signaling pathways of AQGPs. Finally, we summarize the potential clinical value in cancer treatment. This review will provide us with new ideas and thoughts for subsequent cancer therapy specifically targeting AQGPs.
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5
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins, which were initially characterized as a novel protein family that plays a vital role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement. AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP8 are primarily water selective, whereas AQP3, AQP7, AQP9, and AQP10 (called “aqua-glyceroporins”) also transport glycerol and other small solutes. Recently, multiple reports have suggested that AQPs have important roles in cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, each of which is important in human carcinogenesis. Here, we review recent data concerning the involvement of AQPs in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis and explore the expression profiles from various resected cancer samples to further dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of AQPs during the development of genomic instability and performed modeling to describe the integration of binding between AQPs with various SH3 domain binning adaptor molecules. Throughout review and discussion of numerous reports, we have tried to provide key evidence that AQPs play key roles in tumor biology, which may provide a unique opportunity in designing a novel class of anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul So Moon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States.,HJM Cancer Research Foundation Corporation, Lutherville, MD, United States
| | - David Moon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States.,HJM Cancer Research Foundation Corporation, Lutherville, MD, United States
| | - Sung Koo Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States.,HJM Cancer Research Foundation Corporation, Lutherville, MD, United States
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6
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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7
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Carino A, Graziosi L, Marchianò S, Biagioli M, Marino E, Sepe V, Zampella A, Distrutti E, Donini A, Fiorucci S. Analysis of Gastric Cancer Transcriptome Allows the Identification of Histotype Specific Molecular Signatures With Prognostic Potential. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663771. [PMID: 34012923 PMCID: PMC8126708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy but the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Therapy for gastric cancer remain largely suboptimal making the identification of novel therapeutic targets an urgent medical need. In the present study we have carried out a high-throughput sequencing of transcriptome expression in patients with gastric cancers. Twenty-four patients, among a series of 53, who underwent an attempt of curative surgery for gastric cancers in a single center, were enrolled. Patients were sub-grouped according to their histopathology into diffuse and intestinal types, and the transcriptome of the two subgroups assessed by RNAseq analysis and compared to the normal gastric mucosa. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the two histopathology phenotypes express two different patterns of gene expression. A total of 2,064 transcripts were differentially expressed between neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues: 772 were specific for the intestinal type and 407 for the diffuse type. Only 885 transcripts were simultaneously differentially expressed by both tumors. The per pathway analysis demonstrated an enrichment of extracellular matrix and immune dysfunction in the intestinal type including CXCR2, CXCR1, FPR2, CARD14, EFNA2, AQ9, TRIP13, KLK11 and GHRL. At the univariate analysis reduced levels AQP9 was found to be a negative predictor of 4 years survival. In the diffuse type low levels CXCR2 and high levels of CARD14 mRNA were negative predictors of 4 years survival. In summary, we have identified a group of genes differentially regulated in the intestinal and diffuse histotypes of gastric cancers with AQP9, CARD14 and CXCR2 impacting on patients' prognosis, although CXCR2 is the only factor independently impacting overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Carino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Graziosi
- S.C.Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marino
- S.C.Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annibale Donini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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8
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Chen P, Li Q, Zhou Y, Lu H, Chen H, Qian M, Chen J. Clinical implication of aquaporin 9 in non-small cell lung cancer patients: its expression and relationship with clinical features and prognosis. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:651-658. [PMID: 33759071 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is recognized as a key regulator in several cancers, whereas little is known about its clinical implication in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, we aimed to explore AQP9 expression and its relationship with clinical features, prognosis in NSCLC patients. METHODS One hundred ninety-eight NSCLC patients who received resection were retrospectively enrolled. This study contained two cohorts: in cohort A, AQP9 protein expression (from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor and paired adjacent tissue specimens) in 198 patients was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In cohort B, AQP9 mRNA expression (from fresh-frozen tumor and paired adjacent tissues) in 108 patients (out of 198 patients) was detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS In cohort A, increased AQP9 IHC score and greater proportion of AQP9 protein high expression cases were shown in tumor tissue than adjacent tissue (both P < 0.001). Tumor AQP9 protein high expression correlated with lymph node (LYN) metastasis (P = 0.002) and raised TNM stage (P = 0.012). Interestingly, tumor AQP9 protein high expression related to worse disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.026). In cohort B, AQP9 mRNA expression in tumor tissue was increased than adjacent tissue (P < 0.001), and tumor AQP9 mRNA high expression linked to LYN metastasis (P = 0.024) and increased TNM stage (P = 0.032) as well; tumor AQP9 mRNA high expression was related to shorter DFS (P = 0.009), and it presented with a trend to be correlated with worse OS (P = 0.054), but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION AQP9 serves as a potential indicator for monitoring disease progression and prognostication in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, NO. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Streets, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaolian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, NO. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Streets, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, NO. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Streets, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, NO. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Streets, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hejian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, NO. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Streets, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjia Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, NO. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Streets, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, NO. 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu Streets, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Abdalla Y, Luo M, Mäkilä E, Day BW, Voelcker NH, Tong WY. Effectiveness of porous silicon nanoparticle treatment at inhibiting the migration of a heterogeneous glioma cell population. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:60. [PMID: 33637089 PMCID: PMC7908697 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of brain tumours are gliomas. Despite treatment, patient mortality remains high due to local metastasis and relapse. It has been shown that transferrin-functionalised porous silicon nanoparticles (Tf@pSiNPs) can inhibit the migration of U87 glioma cells. However, the underlying mechanisms and the effect of glioma cell heterogeneity, which is a hallmark of the disease, on the efficacy of Tf@pSiNPs remains to be addressed. RESULTS Here, we observed that Tf@pSiNPs inhibited heterogeneous patient-derived glioma cells' (WK1) migration across small perforations (3 μm) by approximately 30%. A phenotypical characterisation of the migrated subpopulations revealed that the majority of them were nestin and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 positive, an indication of their cancer stem cell origin. The treatment did not inhibit cell migration across large perforations (8 μm), nor cytoskeleton formation. This is in agreement with our previous observations that cellular-volume regulation is a mediator of Tf@pSiNPs' cell migration inhibition. Since aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is closely linked to cellular-volume regulation, and is highly expressed in glioma, the effect of AQP9 expression on WK1 migration was investigated. We showed that WK1 migration is correlated to the differential expression patterns of AQP9. However, AQP9-silencing did not affect WK1 cell migration across perforations, nor the efficacy of cell migration inhibition mediated by Tf@pSiNPs, suggesting that AQP9 is not a mediator of the inhibition. CONCLUSION This in vitro investigation highlights the unique therapeutic potentials of Tf@pSiNPs against glioma cell migration and indicates further optimisations that are required to maximise its therapeutic efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abdalla
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Meihua Luo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Industrial Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bryan W Day
- Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. .,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Leibniz Institut für Neue Materialien (INM), Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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10
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Targeting Aquaporins in Novel Therapies for Male and Female Breast and Reproductive Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020215. [PMID: 33499000 PMCID: PMC7911300 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels in the broad family of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), with 13 classes showing tissue-specific distributions in humans. As key physiological modulators of water and solute homeostasis, mutations, and dysfunctions involving aquaporins have been associated with pathologies in all major organs. Increases in aquaporin expression are associated with greater severity of many cancers, particularly in augmenting motility and invasiveness for example in colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, potential roles of altered aquaporin (AQP) function in reproductive cancers have been understudied to date. Published work reviewed here shows distinct classes aquaporin have differential roles in mediating cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. Known mechanisms of action of AQPs in other tissues are proving relevant to understanding reproductive cancers. Emerging patterns show AQPs 1, 3, and 5 in particular are highly expressed in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, consistent with their gene regulation by estrogen response elements, and AQPs 3 and 9 in particular are linked with prostate cancer. Continuing work is defining avenues for pharmacological targeting of aquaporins as potential therapies to reduce female and male reproductive cancer cell growth and invasiveness.
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11
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Sun M, Chen S, Fu M. Model establishment of prognostic-related immune genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24263. [PMID: 33466212 PMCID: PMC7808462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck in the world. At present, the treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but the 5-year survival rate is still not ideal and the quality of life of the patients is low. Due to the relative lack of immunotherapy methods, this study aims to build a risk prediction model of related immune genes, which can be used to effectively predict the prognosis of laryngeal cancer patients, and provide targets for subsequent immunotherapy. METHODS We collected the 111 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 12 matched normal samples in the The Cancer Genome Atlas Database (TCGA) gene expression quantification database. The differentially expressed related immune genes were screened by R software version 3.5.2. The COX regression model of immune related genes was constructed, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were evaluated. The risk value was calculated according to the model, and the risk curve was drawn to verify the correlation between related immune genes, risk score, and clinical traits. RESULTS We selected 8 immune-related genes that can predict the prognosis of LSCC in a COX regression model and plotted the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The 5-year survival rate of the high-risk group was 16.5% (95% CI: 0.059-0.459), and that of the low-risk group was 72.9% (95% CI: 0.555-0.956). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to confirm the accuracy of the model (AUG = 0.887). After univariate and multivariate regression analysis, the risk score can be used as an independent risk factor for predicting prognosis. The risk score (P = .021) was positively correlated with the clinical Stage classification. CONCLUSION We screened out 8 immune genes related to prognosis: RBP1, TLR2, AQP9, BTC, EPO, STC2, ZAP70, and PLCG1 to construct risk value models, which can be used to speculate the prognosis of the disease and provide new targets for future immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian
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12
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Chang L, Bian Z, Xiong X, Liu J, Wang D, Zhou F, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Long Non-coding RNA LINC00320 Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Glioma Cells and Angiogenesis Through Downregulation of NFKB1-Mediated AQP9. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:542552. [PMID: 33414706 PMCID: PMC7782426 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.542552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00320 (LINC00320) in glioma cell proliferation has been proposed in a recent study. However, the mechanisms by which LINC00320 regulate aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in glioma require further exploration. Hence, this study aims to investigate effects of LINC00320 on tumorigenicity of glioma cells and angiogenesis of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). Expression of LINC00320 and AQP9 in glioma tissues and cells was measured by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The relationship among LINC00320, nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) and AQP9 was examined by RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter gene, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The participation of LINC00320 and AQP9 in glioma cell proliferation and MVEC angiogenesis was analyzed using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Finally, a nude mouse orthotopic xenograft model of glioma was established to investigate the effects of LINC00320 and AQP9 on glioma growth in vivo. LINC00320 was under-expressed and AQP9 was over-expressed in glioma tissues. Further mechanistic investigation showed that LINC00320 downregulated AQP9 by inhibiting the recruitment of NFKB1 to the promoter region of AQP9. LINC00320 overexpression or AQP9 silencing inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells and angiogenesis of MVECs. Also, upregulation of LINC00320 restrained tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenograft mice by downregulating AQP9. Taken together, LINC00320 acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma, thus presenting a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Chang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhe Bian
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
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13
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Liu X, Xu Q, Li Z, Xiong B. Integrated analysis identifies AQP9 correlates with immune infiltration and acts as a prognosticator in multiple cancers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20795. [PMID: 33247170 PMCID: PMC7699650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9), as an aquaglyceroporin, is expressed in many immune cells and plays important role in tumor initiation and progression. However, the relationship between AQP9 and tumor-infiltrating cells, and its prognostic value in cancers still require comprehensive understanding. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the correlations of AQP9 with prognosis and immune infiltration levels in diverse cancers. We detected the expression and survival data of AQP9 through Oncomine, TIMER, Kaplan–Meier Plotter and PrognoScan databases. The correlations between AQP9 and immune infiltrates were analyzed in TIMER database. Our results found that high AQP9 expression was significantly correlated with worse prognosis in breast, colon and lung cancers, while predicted better prognosis in gastric cancer. Moreover, AQP9 had significant association with various immune infiltrating cells including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and diverse immune gene markers in BRCA, COAD, LUAD, LUSC and STAD. AQP9 was also significantly correlated with the regulation of tumor associated macrophages (TAM). These results indicate that AQP9 can play as a significant biomarker to determine the prognosis and the immune infiltrating levels in different cancers. It might also contribute to the development of the immunotherapy in breast, colon, lung and gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liao S, Chen H, Liu M, Gan L, Li C, Zhang W, Lv L, Mei Z. Aquaporin 9 inhibits growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1527-1544. [PMID: 31969493 PMCID: PMC7053619 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is an essential aquaporin in the liver and located in the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, but its roles on HCC has not been completely elucidated. This study investigated the regulatory functions of AQP9 in the pathogenesis of HCC. The expression levels of AQP9 were significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues and cells, which was also correlated with tumor size and number, TNM stage, five-year survival rate, lymphatic and distal metastasis within the patients. Furthermore, overexpressed AQP9 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. The levels of PCNA, E-cad, N-cad, α-SMA, DVL2, GSK-3β, cyclinD1 and β-catenin in HCC cells were reduced by overexpressed AQP9, while cell apoptosis was remarkably enhanced. Additionally, following the treatment with Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor (XAV939), the proliferative activity of HCC cells was significantly inhibited; PCNA and EMT-related markers were down-regulated; migration and invasion of cells were notably suppressed; cell apoptotic rate was decreased. Vice versa, after the cells were treated with Wnt/β-catenin inducer (SKL2001), the effects caused by overexpressed AQP9 were abrogated. In vivo studies indicated that tumor volume and weight were remarkably decreased in AQP9 overexpression group, where the levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling- and EMT-associated molecules were also reduced. Taken together, our results suggested that overexpressed AQP9 could inhibit growth and metastasis of HCC cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. AQP9 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Li Gan
- Teaching and Research Section of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 401320, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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15
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Regulation mechanism of aquaporin 9 gene on inflammatory response and cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction through extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 pathway. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:2041-2051. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Yamada Y, Arai T, Kato M, Kojima S, Sakamoto S, Komiya A, Naya Y, Ichikawa T, Seki N. Role of pre- miR-532 ( miR-532-5p and miR-532-3p) in regulation of gene expression and molecular pathogenesis in renal cell carcinoma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:11-30. [PMID: 30906802 PMCID: PMC6420701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of our previously determined microRNA (miRNA) expression signature of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that both strands of the pre-miR-532-duplex-miR-532-5p (the guide strand) and miR-532-3p (the passenger strand)- are closely associated with poor prognosis of RCC patients (P = 0.0411 and P = 0.022, respectively). In this study we investigated the functional significance of these miRNAs and identified gene targets involved in RCC pathogenesis. Ectopic expression of these miRNAs significantly attenuated the malignant phenotypes including proliferation, migration and invasion of two RCC cell lines, 786-O and A498. A combination of genome-wide gene expression and in silico database analyses revealed 36 and 34 genes as putative target oncogenes regulated by miR-532-5p and miR-532-3p, respectively, in RCC cells. Among these targets, expression of aquaporin9 (AQP9), a water channel protein, was directly regulated by both miR-532-5p and miR-532-3p, and high expression levels of AQP9 were significantly associated with poor prognosis of RCC patients (P = 2.03e-05). Multivariate analysis indicated that AQP9 expression is an independent prognostic factor for RCC patients. Aberrant AQP9 expression at both the gene and protein level was detected in RCC clinical specimens. siRNA-mediated knockdown of AQP9 by si-AQP9 inhibited the malignant phenotypes of RCC cells. Rescue assays of AQP9 overexpression showed that the miR-532/AQP9 axis was closely involved in RCC oncogenesis. The identification of antitumor miRNAs and their targets will contribute to an increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical CenterIchihara, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
| | - Akira Komiya
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Naya
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical CenterIchihara, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba, Japan
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17
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Lv Y, Huang Q, Dai W, Jie Y, Yu G, Fan X, Wu A, Miao Q. AQP9 promotes astrocytoma cell invasion and motility via the AKT pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6059-6064. [PMID: 30344749 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aquaporin (AQP) family, which includes 13 members identified in mammalian cells, is involved in cancer development and progression. AQP9 expression is upregulated in several tumor tissue types. However, the functions of AQP9 in astrocytoma remain elusive. The present study identified that AQP9 was expressed in astrocytoma cells. AQP9 expression was silenced by transfection with small interfering RNAs and increased by transfection with a plasmid containing the AQP9 gene. Using invasion and wound-healing assays, it was revealed that the knockdown of AQP9 suppressed astrocytoma cell invasion and motility, whereas overexpression of AQP9 promoted the invasion and motility of astrocytoma cells. It was further revealed that AQP9 could induce RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) activation and decrease E-cadherin expression in astrocytoma cells. Inhibition of the AKT pathway attenuated AQP9-mediated invasion, motility and E-cadherin expression. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that AQP9 promoted the invasion and motility of cells via the AKT pathway. Therefore, AQP9 may represent a potential target for therapeutic use of astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqing Jie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - An Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Oncology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
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18
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De Ieso ML, Yool AJ. Mechanisms of Aquaporin-Facilitated Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Chem 2018; 6:135. [PMID: 29922644 PMCID: PMC5996923 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence is rising with numbers expected to increase 70% in the next two decades. The fact that current mainline treatments for cancer patients are accompanied by debilitating side effects prompts a growing demand for new therapies that not only inhibit growth and proliferation of cancer cells, but also control invasion and metastasis. One class of targets gaining international attention is the aquaporins, a family of membrane-spanning water channels with diverse physiological functions and extensive tissue-specific distributions in humans. Aquaporins−1,−2,−3,−4,−5,−8, and−9 have been linked to roles in cancer invasion, and metastasis, but their mechanisms of action remain to be fully defined. Aquaporins are implicated in the metastatic cascade in processes of angiogenesis, cellular dissociation, migration, and invasion. Cancer invasion and metastasis are proposed to be potentiated by aquaporins in boosting tumor angiogenesis, enhancing cell volume regulation, regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, interacting with actin cytoskeleton, regulating proteases and extracellular-matrix degrading molecules, contributing to the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and interacting with signaling pathways enabling motility and invasion. Pharmacological modulators of aquaporin channels are being identified and tested for therapeutic potential, including compounds derived from loop diuretics, metal-containing organic compounds, plant natural products, and other small molecules. Further studies on aquaporin-dependent functions in cancer metastasis are needed to define the differential contributions of different classes of aquaporin channels to regulation of fluid balance, cell volume, small solute transport, signal transduction, their possible relevance as rate limiting steps, and potential values as therapeutic targets for invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L De Ieso
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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