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Chen X, Wen J, Wu W, Peng Q, Cui X, He L. A review of factors influencing sensitive skin: an emphasis on built environment characteristics. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1269314. [PMID: 38111482 PMCID: PMC10726041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitive skin (SS) is a condition characterized by hyperreactivity. Impacting around 37 percent of the worldwide population and exerting an influence on the quality of life for affected individuals. Its prevalence rate has increased due to factors such as elevating stress levels and deteriorating environmental conditions. The exposome factors influencing SS have extended from demographic, biological attributes, and lifestyle to external environments. Built environments (BEs) have demonstrated as root drivers for changes in behaviors and environmental exposure which have the potential to trigger SS, but the review of the associations between BEs and SS is currently lacking. Objective This review aims to achieve two primary objectives: (1) Examine exposome factors that exert influence on SS at the individual and environmental levels. (2) Develop a theoretical framework that establishes a connection between BEs and SS, thereby offering valuable insights into the impact of the built environment on this condition. Methods An extensive literature search was carried out across multiple fields, including sociology, epidemiology, basic medicine, clinical medicine, and environmental research, with a focus on SS. To identify pertinent references, renowned databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were utilized. Results SS is the outcome of interactions between individual attributes and environmental factors. These influencing factors can be categorized into five distinct classes: (1) demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including age, gender, and race; (2) physiological and biological attributes such as emotional changes, skin types, sleep disorders, and menstrual cycles in women; (3) behavioral factors, such as spicy diet, cosmetic use, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise; (4) natural environmental features, including climate conditions and air pollution; (5) built environmental features such as population density, green space availability, road network density, and access to public transportation, also have the potential to affect the condition. Conclusion The importance of interdisciplinary integration lies in its ability to ascertain whether and how BEs are impacting SS. By elucidating the role of BEs in conjunction with other factors in the onset of SS, we can provide guidance for future research endeavors and the formulation of interventions aimed at mitigating the prevalence of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Wen
- The Centre for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuzhi Peng
- Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangfen Cui
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Institute of Skin Health, Kunming, China
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Niechoda A, Milewska K, Roslan J, Ejsmont K, Holownia A. Cell cycle-specific phosphorylation of p53 protein in A549 cells exposed to cisplatin and standardized air pollutants. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1238150. [PMID: 37645562 PMCID: PMC10460999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1238150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter is associated with DNA damage and the risk of lung cancer. Protein p53 is activated by multi-site phosphorylation in the early stages of DNA damage and affects cell outcome. Our study aimed to assess the effect of (100 µg/mL-1/24 h) standardized air pollutants: carbon black (CB), urban dust (UD), and nanoparticle carbon black (NPCB) on cell cycle, DNA damage and 53 phosphorylation at Ser 9, Ser 20, Ser 46, and Ser 392 in proliferating and quiescent A549 cells and in cells that survived cisplatin (CisPT) exposure. Phosphorylated p53 was quantified in cell subpopulations by flow cytometry using specific fluorochrome-tagged monoclonal antibodies and analysis of bivariate fluorescence distribution scatterplots. CisPT, UD and NPCB increased site-specific p53 phosphorylation producing unique patterns. NPCB activated all sites irrespectively on the cell cycle, while the UD was more selective. p53 Ser 9-P and p53 Ser 20-P positively correlated with the numbers of CisPT-treated cells at G0/G1, and NPCB and NPCB + CisPT produced a similar effect. A positive correlation and integrated response were also found between Ser 20-P and Ser 392-P in resting A549 cells treated with NPCB and CisPT but not UD. Interdependence between the expression of p53 phosphorylated at Ser 20, and Ser 392 and cell cycle arrest show that posttranslational alterations are related to functional activation. Our data suggest that p53 protein phosphorylation in response to specific DNA damage is driven by multiple independent and integrated pathways to produce functional activation critical in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adam Holownia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Dąbrowiecki P, Chciałowski A, Dąbrowiecka A, Piórkowska A, Badyda A. Exposure to ambient air pollutants and short-term risk for exacerbations of allergic rhinitis: a time-stratified, case-crossover study in the three largest urban agglomerations in Poland. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023:104095. [PMID: 37355057 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 10% of the world population, with an increased prevalence in regions with substantial air pollution, but the association between exposure to air pollutants and the short-term risk of AR exacerbations is unclear. We used a time-series approach to analyze the risk of hospital admissions due to AR over 8 days from exposure to various air pollutants. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to analyze data gathered between 2012 and 2018 in the three largest urban agglomerations in Poland. The analyses were carried out separately for the warm (April - September) and cold seasons (October - March). Overall, there were 1407 admissions due to AR. In the warm season, the rate ratio (95% confidence interval) for admission per 10µg/m3 was 1.202 (1.044, 1.384) for particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10); 1.094 (0.896, 1.335) for particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5); 0.946 (0.826, 1.085) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2); 0.837 (0.418, 1.677) for sulfur dioxide (SO2); and 1.112 (1.011, 1.224) for ozone (O3). In the cold season, the rate ratio for admission per 10µg/m3 was 1.035 (0.985, 1.088) for PM10; 1.041 (0.977, 1.108) for PM2.5; 1.252 (1.122, 1.398) for NO2; 0.921 (0.717, 1.181) for SO2; and 1.030 (1.011, 1.050) for O3. In conclusion, the risk of admission due to AR increased significantly after exposure to O3 in the warm and cold seasons. Exposure to PM10 was associated with a significantly increased risk of AR hospitalizations in the warm season only, whereas exposure to NO2 was associated with a significantly increased risk of AR admission in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dąbrowiecki
- Military Institute of Medicine, Department of Allergology and Infectious Diseases, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; Polish Federation of Asthma Allergy and COPD Patients Associations, 5/162 Promyka St., 01-604 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Chciałowski
- Military Institute of Medicine, Department of Allergology and Infectious Diseases, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Dąbrowiecka
- Medical University of Maria Sklodowska-Curie in Warsaw, 12 Solidarności Ave., 03-412, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Piórkowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services Hydro- and Environmental Engineering, 20 Nowowiejska St., 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Badyda
- Polish Federation of Asthma Allergy and COPD Patients Associations, 5/162 Promyka St., 01-604 Warsaw, Poland; Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services Hydro- and Environmental Engineering, 20 Nowowiejska St., 00-653 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Wankhede U, Khaparde VV, Balpande K, Shinde VM, Rayalu S. 'Green firecrackers' with reduced barium emissions in particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120739. [PMID: 36435279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air quality is affected due to the emission of pollutants on a large scale after the bursting of firecrackers. Traditionally in all firecrackers, barium (Ba) compounds are used as oxidizers and also to impart green colour flame. Combustion products of barium compounds are water soluble and readily absorbed by the body affecting human health. Thus, the inherent risk of Ba pollution due to the bursting of firecrackers has consequent health effects. To reduce the ambient air pollution caused due to burning of conventional firecrackers, CSIR NEERI has developed reduced emission firecrackers (green crackers). This is achieved by reducing the amount of chemicals, barium nitrate, shell size and addition of additives such as zeolite and iron oxide. This study aims to specifically investigate the influence of additives on the level of barium in reduced emission firecrackers. Four types of conventional and reduced emission firecrackers were selected and tested inside a firecracker emission testing facility to check the levels of barium in PM10 and PM2.5. The measured mean concentrations of all types of reduced emission crackers (green crackers) provided by fireworks manufacturers show significantly reduced barium concentration by 30-60% compared to conventional crackers depending on the type of firecrackers, shell size and amount of chemicals used. The possible reason for reduced Ba level is attributed to i) reduced usage of Ba(NO3)2 and ii) formation of heavy density compounds, leading to soil fallout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsha Wankhede
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - V V Khaparde
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Krutika Balpande
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - V M Shinde
- Sophisticated Environmental Analytical Facility Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Sadhana Rayalu
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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5
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Development of an Indexed Score to Identify the Most Suitable Sampling Method to Assess Occupational Exposure to Fungi. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The sampling approach is of utmost importance to obtain data regarding microbial viability and truly assess workers’ potential health effects. The purpose of this assessment is to create a score which will provide up-to-date information to identify the most suitable sampling method to assess occupational exposure to fungi. Data from a sampling campaign performed at Firefighters Headquarters (FFH) was analysed and a score was calculated from one (1) to three (3) for five (5) distinct sample parameters: (a) accuracy; (b) complexity of the field work; (c) cost; (d) complexity in laboratory work; and (e) time taken since the fieldwork until obtaining the fungal contamination characterization. The statistical analysis allowed us to conclude that settled dust and Andersen six-stage were the best sampling methods to perform the assessment of the occupational exposure to fungi at FFH, when considering the number of species. As for the final score, the results showed that surface swabs were the best sampling method. The results obtained for surface swabs highlights the low complexity of this processing combined with the fact that it is a low-cost sampling method. This study reinforces the need to use a wide array of sampling methods when assessing occupational exposure to fungal contamination to ensure an accurate risk characterization.
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Dąbrowiecki P, Badyda A, Chciałowski A, Czechowski PO, Wrotek A. Influence of Selected Air Pollutants on Mortality and Pneumonia Burden in Three Polish Cities over the Years 2011-2018. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113084. [PMID: 35683472 PMCID: PMC9181391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poland has one of the worst air qualities in the European Union, particularly regarding concentrations of particulate matter (PM). This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of air pollution and weather conditions on all-cause mortality and pneumonia-related hospitalizations in three Polish agglomerations. We investigated data from 2011 to 2018 on a number of health outcomes, concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and selected meteorological parameters. To examine the impact of air pollutants and weather conditions on mortality and pneumonia burden, we identified optimal general regression models for each agglomeration. The final models explained <24% of the variability in all-cause mortality. In the models with interactions, O3 concentration in Warsaw, NO2, O3, and PM2.5 concentrations in Cracow and PM10 and O3 concentrations in the Tricity explained >10% of the variability in the number of deaths. Up to 46% of daily variability in the number of pneumonia-related hospitalizations was explained by the combination of both factors, i.e., air quality and meteorological parameters. The impact of NO2 levels on pneumonia burden was pronounced in all agglomerations. We showed that the air pollution profile and its interactions with weather conditions exert a short-term effect on all-cause mortality and pneumonia-related hospitalizations. Our findings may be relevant for prioritizing strategies to improve air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dąbrowiecki
- Department of Allergology and Infectious Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
- Polish Federation of Asthma, Allergy and COPD Patients Associations, 01-604 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Artur Badyda
- Polish Federation of Asthma, Allergy and COPD Patients Associations, 01-604 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro- and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Chciałowski
- Department of Allergology and Infectious Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Oskar Czechowski
- Department of Quantitative Methods and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - August Wrotek
- Department of Pediatrics, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Pediatrics, Bielanski Hospital, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
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Nazar W, Niedoszytko M. Changes in Air-Pollution-Related Information-Seeking Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095613. [PMID: 35565002 PMCID: PMC9103979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low air quality in Poland is a problem of particularly high urgency. Therefore, Poles must be aware of air quality levels, also during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to compare air-pollution-related information-seeking behaviour between the pre- and intra-pandemic periods as well as between the actual and theoretical machine-learning-forecasted intra-pandemic models. Google Trends search volumes (GTSVs) in Poland for air-pollution-related keywords were collected between January 2016 and January 2022. To investigate the changes that would have occurred without the outbreak of the pandemic, Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) machine-learning models were trained. Approximately 4,500,000 search queries were analysed. Between pre- and intra-pandemic periods, weighted mean GTSVs changed by −39.0%. When the actual intra-pandemic weighted mean GTSVs were compared to the intra-pandemic forecasts, the actual values were lower by −16.5% (SARIMA’s error = 6.2%). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, in the intra-pandemic period, the number of search queries containing keywords connected with air pollution decreased. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic might have facilitated the decrease. Possible causes include an attention shift towards everyday problems connected to the pandemic, worse mental health status and lower outdoor exposure that might have resulted in a lower intensity of non-pandemic-related active information-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-530-087-968
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
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Nazar W, Niedoszytko M. Air Pollution in Poland: A 2022 Narrative Review with Focus on Respiratory Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020895. [PMID: 35055718 PMCID: PMC8775633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Bank Group, 36 of the 50 most polluted cities in the European Union are in Poland. Thus, ambient air pollution and its detrimental health effects are a matter of immense importance in Poland. This narrative review aims to analyse current findings on air pollution and health in Poland, with a focus on respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, as well as the Poles’ awareness of air pollution. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched. In total, results from 71 research papers were summarized qualitatively. In Poland, increased air pollution levels are linked to increased general and respiratory disease mortality rates, higher prevalence of respiratory diseases, including asthma, lung cancer and COVID-19 infections, reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). The proximity of high traffic areas exacerbates respiratory health problems. People living in more polluted regions (south of Poland) and in the winter season have a higher level of air pollution awareness. There is an urgent need to reduce air pollution levels and increase public awareness of this threat. A larger number of multi-city studies are needed in Poland to consistently track the burden of diseases attributable to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-530-087-968
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
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9
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Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a determinant of respiratory outcomes in adult life. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3464-3471. [PMID: 33730436 PMCID: PMC8446084 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is unfortunately common in preterm infants with the archetype being bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD affects approximately 50,000 preterm infants in the U.S. annually with substantial morbidity and mortality related to its pathology (alveolar, airway, and pulmonary vasculature maldevelopment). Predicting the likelihood and severity of chronic respiratory disease in these children as they age is difficult and compounded by the lack of consistent phenotyping. Barriers to understanding the actual scope of this problem include few longitudinal studies, information limited by small retrospective studies and the ever-changing landscape of therapies in the NICU that affect long-term respiratory outcomes. Thus, the true burden of adult respiratory disease caused by premature birth is currently unknown. Nevertheless, limited data suggest that a substantial percentage of children with a history of BPD have long-term respiratory symptoms and persistent airflow obstruction associated with altered lung function trajectories into adult life. Small airway disease with variable bronchodilator responsiveness, is the most common manifestation of lung dysfunction in adults with a history of BPD. The etiology of this is unclear however, developmental dysanapsis may underlie the airflow obstruction in some adults with a history of BPD. This type of flow limitation resembles that of aging adults with chronic obstructive lung disease with no history of smoking. It is also unclear whether lung function abnormalities in people with a history of BPD are static or if these individuals with BPD have a more accelerated decline in lung function as they age compared to controls. While some of the more significant mediators of lung function, such as tobacco smoke and respiratory infections have been identified, more work is necessary to identify the best means of preserving lung function for individuals born prematurely throughout their lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Kim BY, Park JY, Cho KJ, Bae JH. The potential cytotoxic effects of urban particle matter on olfaction. Rhinology 2021; 59:528-537. [PMID: 34636368 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban particulate matter (UPM) in ambient air is implicated in a variety of human health issues worldwide, however, few studies exist on the effect of UPM on the olfactory system. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the destruction of the olfactory system in a mouse model following UPM exposure. METHODS Mice were divided into: control and four UPM-exposed groups (200 µg UPM at 1 and 2 weeks, and 400 µg UPM at 1 and 2 weeks [standard reference material 1649b; average particle diameter 10.5 μm]). The olfactory neuroepithelium was harvested for histologic examination, gene ontology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Compared to the control group, olfactory marker protein, Olfr1507, ADCY3, and GNAL mRNA levels were lower, and S-100, CNPase, NGFRAP1, BDNF, and TACR3 mRNA levels were higher in the olfactory neuroepithelium of the UPM groups. Moderately positive correlation was present between the 1- and 2-week groups. After analyzing the 200 and 400 UPM groups separately, the strength of the association between the 200 UPM 1- and 2-week groups was moderately positive. No differences was present in the neuroepithelial inflammatory marker levels between the UPM and control groups. CONCLUSIONS UPM could have cytotoxic effects on the olfactory epithelium. The exposure time and particular concentration of UPM exposure could affect the degree of destruction of the olfactory neuroepithelium. The olfactory regeneration mechanism could be related to the neurotrophic factors, olfactory ensheathing cell stimulation, and trigeminal nerve support.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-Y Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University of Korea, Seoul, South-Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of clinical laboratory, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu City, Gyeonggi-do, South-Korea
| | - K J Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu City, Gyeonggi-do, South-Korea
| | - J H Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University of Korea, Seoul, South-Korea
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11
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The Study of Airborne Particulate Matter in Dalnegorsk Town. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179234. [PMID: 34501819 PMCID: PMC8431032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mines, quarries, dumps, and tailings are the sources of air pollution. In the Dalnegorsk District (Primorsky Krai, Russia), there are 20 polymetallic deposits. This study aimed to evaluate the particle size and material composition of ambient particulate matter (PM) in Dalnegorsk town and verify the influence of mining and chemical industry facilities on the composition of PM. Ambient particulates were analyzed in samples of snow cover and washout from vegetation (conifer tree needles). According to particle size distribution data, the relative content of particles with a diameter up to 10 microns (PM10) reaches 40% in three snow samples taken in the central part of the town. Among ore minerals, pyrite and arsenopyrite predominated in the samples. In addition, sphalerite, galena, cassiterite, and iron–chromium–nickel formations of various shapes were found in the studied particles. The presence of these metals in airborne PM can negatively affect the incidence rate of PM-associated diseases and the determination of their levels are very useful for air pollution prevention strategies.
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12
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Heo YJ, Kim HS. Ambient air pollution and endocrinologic disorders in childhood. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 26:158-170. [PMID: 34610703 PMCID: PMC8505042 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142132.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been proposed as an important environmental risk factor that increases global mortality and morbidity. Over the past decade, several human and animal studies have reported an association between exposure to air pollution and altered metabolic and endocrine systems in children. However, the results for these studies were mixed and inconclusive and did not demonstrate causality because different outcomes were observed due to different study designs, exposure periods, and methodologies for exposure measurements. Current proposed mechanisms include altered immune response, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, inadequate placental development, and epigenetic modulation. In this review, we summarized the results of previous pediatric studies that reported effects of prenatal and postnatal air pollution exposure on childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and timing of pubertal onset, along with underlying related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Joung Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Hae Soon Kim Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Korea
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13
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Kim BY, Park JY, Cho KJ, Bae JH. Effects of Urban Particulate Matter on the Olfactory System in a Mouse Model. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 36:81-90. [PMID: 34236242 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211026416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is linked to the aggravation of various health problems. Although the nasal cavity is the first barrier to encounter UPM, there is a lack of studies on the impact of UPM on the olfactory area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of UPM on mouse olfactory epithelium, the underlying pathophysiology involved, and changes in cytokine levels. METHODS Mice were divided into 4 groups: control, 400UPM (administered 400 µg UPM daily; standard reference material 1649b; average particle diameter 10.5 μm) 1week, 400UPM 2weeks, and recovery 1week after 400UPM 2weeks (n = 10, 6, 6, and 6, respectively). Olfactory function was evaluated by conducting a food-finding test once a week. The olfactory neuroepithelium was harvested for histologic examination, gene ontology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Compared to those in the control group, olfactory marker protein, olfactory receptor 1507, adenylyl cyclase 3, and GNAL mRNA levels were lower and S-100, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 30-phosphodiesterase, nerve growth factor receptor-associated protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and tachykinin receptor mRNA levels were higher in the 400UPM group olfactory neuroepithelium. There were no significant differences in neuroepithelial inflammatory marker levels between the 400UPM and saline group. CONCLUSIONS UPM decreased olfactory function and might have cytotoxic effects on the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory ensheathing cells and trigeminal nerve might be related to the regeneration of the olfactory epithelium after olfactory destruction associated with UPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boo-Young Kim
- School of Medicine, 26717Ewha Womans University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Y Park
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kwang J Cho
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jung H Bae
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Nejjari C, Marfak A, Rguig A, Maaroufi A, El Marouani I, El Haloui A, El Johra B, Ouahabi R, Moulki R, Azami AI, El Achhab Y. Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits among children and adults in Casablanca, Morocco. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:285-302. [PMID: 34017892 PMCID: PMC8116191 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the relationships between ambient air pollutants and morbidity and emergency department visits among children and adults performed in Great Casablanca, the most populated and economic region in Morocco. This research was analyzed using conditional Poisson model for the period 2011-2013. In the period of study, the daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, O3 and PM10 in Casablanca were 209.4 µg/m3, 61 µg/m3, 113.2 µg/m3 and 75.1 µg/m3, respectively. In children less than 5 years old, risk of asthma could be increased until 12% per 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2, PM10, SO2 and O3. In children over 5 years and adults, an increase of 10 µg/m3 air pollutant can cause an increase until 3% and 4% in respiratory consultations and acute respiratory infection, respectively. Similarly, impact on emergency department visits due to respiratory and cardiac illness was established. Our results suggest a not negligible impact on morbidity of outdoor air pollution by NO2, SO2, O3, and PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakib Nejjari
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University for Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelghafour Marfak
- National School of Public Health, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1 University of Settat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Bouchra El Johra
- General Directorate of Meteorology of Morocco in Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Rachid Moulki
- Regional Health Directorate of Casablanca-Settat, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Youness El Achhab
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Morocco
- Regional Center for Careers Education and Training, Fez-Meknes, Morocco
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Viegas C, Almeida B, Monteiro A, Paciência I, Rufo JC, Carolino E, Quintal-Gomes A, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Marchand G, Aranha Caetano L, Viegas S. Settled dust assessment in clinical environment: useful for the evaluation of a wider bioburden spectrum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:160-178. [PMID: 31240954 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1634799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The collection and analysis of settled dust samples from indoor environments has become one of several environmental sampling methods used to assess bioburden indoors. The aim of the study was to characterize the bioburden in vacuumed settled dust from 10 Primary Health Care Centers by culture based and molecular methods. Results for bacterial load ranged from 1 to 12 CFU.g-1 of dust and Gram-negative bacteria ranged between 1 to 344 CFU.g-1 of dust. Fungal load ranged from 0 CFU.g-1 of dust to uncountable. Aspergillus section Fumigati was detected in 4 sampling sites where culture base-methods could not identify this section. Mucorales (Rhizopus sp.) was observed on 1 mg/L voriconazole. Three out of 10 settled dust samples were contaminated by mycotoxins. Settled dust sampling coupled with air sampling in a routine way might provide useful information about bioburden exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Almeida
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Monteiro
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial , Porto, Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anita Quintal-Gomes
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon Institute of Molecular Medicine , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Geneviéve Marchand
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail , Montréal, Canada
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
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Xia Y, Zhang H, Cao L, Zhao Y. Household solid fuel use and peak expiratory flow in middle-aged and older adults in China: A large cohort study (2011-2015). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110566. [PMID: 33278475 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution caused by solid fuel use in cooking and heating in China is common. The relationship between household solid fuel use and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in middle-aged and older adults in China has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between long-term household solid fuel use (clean for both cooking and heating, solid for either cooking or heating, and solid for both cooking and heating) and PEF changes in middle-aged and older adults using a nationally representative prospective cohort. Covariance analysis was used to compare PEF changes in different indoor air pollution exposure groups. Separate analysis of cooking and heating as well as sub-group analyses by age, sex and smoking status were conducted, linear mixed growth model analysis was used to evaluate the association between cooking fuel type and PEF. A total of 6818 participants were enrolled in the cohort analysis. Results revealed that solid fuel use in cooking and heating separately or conjointly were associated with reduced PEF (solid fuel use in cooking: least square mean [LSM] = 19.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.5-28.2, P = 0.03; solid fuel use in heating: LSM = 19.4, 95% CI:11.2-27.5, P = 0.04; both solid fuel use: LSM = 17.6, 95% CI: 9.3-25.9, P for trend <0.0001), especially in participants aged >65 years (LSM = -9.22, 95% CI: 27.9-69.52, P for trend <0.0001), females (LSM = -6.41, 95% CI: 19.12-6.30, P for trend <0.0001) and current or former smokers (LSM = -21.55, 95% CI: 36.14 to -6.97, P < 0.02). Compared to that of participants using clean fuels for cooking, PEF of participants using solid fuels were decreased by 3.5 l/min per 2 years over a 4-year follow-up. This cohort study highlights the adverse effects of indoor air pollution on lung function in middle aged and older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang, Liaoning province, 110004, China
| | - Hehua Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang City, Liaoning province, 110004, China
| | - Limin Cao
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong District, Jintang Road, No. 83, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang, Liaoning province, 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang City, Liaoning province, 110004, China.
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Culture Media and Sampling Collection Method for Aspergillus spp. Assessment: Tackling the Gap between Recommendations and the Scientific Evidence. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Culturing is still the most widely used method for determining fungal growth. Thus, is important to identify the most suitable culture media to assess Aspergillus spp. The aim of this study was to analyze data obtained from previous studies, aiming at identifying the most suitable culture media (malt extract agar (MEA) or dichloran-glycerol agar (DG18) to assess Aspergillus spp. isolation and growth. This study was conducted by using environmental samples (n = 1153). Most of the active sampling methods (air samples) were impacted directly onto both culture media. As for passive sampling methods, fungi were extracted from environmental matrices inoculated onto both media. Overall, total Aspergillus counts were higher in MEA (n = 617, 53.5%) than in DG18 (n = 536, 46.5%). Regarding Aspergillus sections, significant associations were detected with the media (χ2 (7) = 241.118, p < 0.001), the sampling approach (p < 0.001, 95% CI = (0.3 × 10−4), and the indoor environment (p < 0.001, 95% CI = (0.3 × 10−4)). As such, sampling approach and the culture media should be accurately selected when dealing with Aspergillus spp. exposure assessment.
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18
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Kouziokas GN. SVM kernel based on particle swarm optimized vector and Bayesian optimized SVM in atmospheric particulate matter forecasting. Appl Soft Comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter (PM) in Ambient Air and the Number of New Cases of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1648264. [PMID: 32099842 PMCID: PMC7036089 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1648264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence in children is worrying and not yet fully explored. It is suggested that probably air pollution exposure could contribute to the development of T1DM. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of gaseous pollutants including, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in the air, and the number of new cases of T1DM in children. The number of new cases of T1DM was obtained from the Clinic of Paediatrics, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk. The number of children of 0-18 years old in Pomeranian Voivodeship was acquired from the Statistical Yearbook. The concentrations of PM10 absorbance, NO2, NOx, SO2, and CO were measured at 41 measuring posts, between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016. It was detected that the average annual concentration of PM10 was higher than the value acceptable to the WHO. Furthermore, the average 24-hour concentration of PM10 was 92 μg/m3 and was higher compared to the acceptable value of 50 μg/m3 (acc. to EU and WHO). Moreover, the number of new cases of T1DM showed a correlation with the annual average concentration of PM10 (β = 2.396, p < 0.001), SO2 (β = 2.294, p < 0.001), and CO (β = 2.452, p < 0.001). High exposure to gaseous pollutants and particulate matter in ambient air may be one of the factors contributing to the risk of developing T1DM in children. Therefore, it is important to take action to decrease air pollutant emissions in Poland. It is crucial to gradually but consistently eliminate the use of solid fuels, such as coal and wood in households, in favour of natural gas and electricity. The development of new technologies to improve air quality, such as "best available techniques" (BAT) or renewable energy sources (water, wind, and solar generation) is of critical importance as well.
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Konduracka E. A link between environmental pollution and civilization disorders: a mini review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:227-233. [PMID: 31141493 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most civilization disorders have a complex etiology, involving factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environmental pollution (EP) due to different chemicals. Among harmful chemicals, the major ones include particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, pesticides, plasticizers, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, some food additives, hormones, and antibiotics. In fact, potential pollutants are countless and most of them have never been evaluated in terms of their toxicity and health risks, especially that new chemicals emerge all the time due to interactions between the existing ones. It is almost impossible to determine the effects of these new compounds on health. Previous studies have revealed a broad spectrum of diseases related to pollution. EP has been associated with an increased incidence of some malignancies, an increased rate of all-cause mortality, development or exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases, recurrent infections, impairment of intellectual and psychomotor development in children, development of type 2 diabetes, respiratory and immune system diseases, and also brain degenerative disorders. EP is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, generating high health care costs. Global pollution questions the common recommendation to eat vegetables, fruit, and fish regularly as part of a healthy diet, if they do not have ecological certification. Research in the fields of ecology, biology, and toxicology is needed to determine which environmental contaminants are the most hazardous to wildlife and humans and at what levels. Only an interdisciplinary cooperation and measures to raise public awareness could help improve environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Konduracka
- Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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21
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The Influence of Marine Traffic on Particulate Matter (PM) Levels in the Region of Danish Straits, North and Baltic Seas. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine air pollution over the sea surface (North Sea and Baltic Sea) compared to the situation in ports, as well as to examine the impact of ships on the level of particulate matter (PM) concentration. The measurements, made during the two-week cruise of the tall ship Fryderyk Chopin, demonstrated that the principal source of PM emission over the sea surface are passing ships equipped with internal combustion engines, including quite numerous units powered by marine oil. The highest pollution levels were observed in locations distant from the coast, with increasing concentrations when other ships were approaching. During the cruise, at least two places were identified with increased PM concentration (18–28 μg/m3 for PM10 and 15–25 μg/m3 for PM2.5) caused by passing ships. The share of PM2.5 fraction in the general PM concentration in these places increased from 70–72% to 82–85%, which means that combustion emission dominated. In turn, measurements made in ports (Copenhagen and Kołobrzeg) showed lower levels of air pollution and indicated a typical variability of the PM concentrations characteristic for land areas. The results confirm the need for determining suitable solutions for sustainable sea transport.
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Goel A, Rathi S, Agrawal M. Toxicity potential of particles caused by particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs) at two roadside locations and relationship with traffic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30633-30646. [PMID: 30178403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed exposure by the roadside to highly toxic particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs) that are known to adsorb preferentially on fine particles, aerodynamic diameter (dp ≤ 1 μm). The real-time air quality measurements were conducted in March, April, and May 2015 in Kanpur at two busy roadside locations: one outside IIT Kanpur main gate, IG, and another by a residential area, M3. The locations show varying land use type and traffic density. Higher averaged daily concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were observed at IG (PM10 700-800 μg/m3) owing to nature and high density of traffic, and occurrence of biomass burning nearby. Statistically significant relation (R2 > 90%, p < 0.05) between PM1 and PM2.5 highlights the influence of mobile sources on particle load at IG. IG, the busier location, had higher daily averaged concentration of aggregate PPAHs (104 ng/m3) than M3 which is located near a residential area (38 ng/m3). In contrast, the higher average daily value of PC/DC ratio (mass per unit surface area of PPAHs on nanoparticles) at M3 (4.87 ng/mm2) than at IG (4.08 ng/mm2) suggests that PAHs of greater mass occur on particles at M3. Finer particles are known to adsorb pollutants of a larger mass that are likely to be more toxic in case of PAHs suggest that ambient air at M3 has more toxicity potential. However, this inference is not based on chemical analyses, and chemical characteristics must also be taken into account for the detailed assessment of health risk. The multiple path dosimetry model (MPPD-v3.04) reveals that the 99.02% of PM10 inhaled, 77.01% of PM2.5 and 34.54% of PM1 are deposited in the outermost (head) region of the human respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Goel
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
- APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
| | - Shubham Rathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Manish Agrawal
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Electrostatic Dust Cloth: A Passive Screening Method to Assess Occupational Exposure to Organic Dust in Bakeries. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vignal C, Pichavant M, Alleman LY, Djouina M, Dingreville F, Perdrix E, Waxin C, Ouali Alami A, Gower-Rousseau C, Desreumaux P, Body-Malapel M. Effects of urban coarse particles inhalation on oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the mouse lung and colon. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:46. [PMID: 29166940 PMCID: PMC5700563 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution is a recognized aggravating factor for pulmonary diseases and has notably deleterious effects on asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia. Recent studies suggest that air pollution may also cause adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating experimental evidence shows that immune responses in the pulmonary and intestinal mucosae are closely interrelated, and that gut-lung crosstalk controls pathophysiological processes such as responses to cigarette smoke and influenza virus infection. Our first aim was to collect urban coarse particulate matter (PM) and to characterize them for elemental content, gastric bioaccessibility, and oxidative potential; our second aim was to determine the short-term effects of urban coarse PM inhalation on pulmonary and colonic mucosae in mice, and to test the hypothesis that the well-known antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reverses the effects of PM inhalation. Results The collected PM had classical features of urban particles and possessed oxidative potential partly attributable to their metal fraction. Bioaccessibility study confirmed the high solubility of some metals at the gastric level. Male mice were exposed to urban coarse PM in a ventilated inhalation chamber for 15 days at a concentration relevant to episodic elevation peak of air pollution. Coarse PM inhalation induced systemic oxidative stress, recruited immune cells to the lung, and increased cytokine levels in the lung and colon. Concomitant oral administration of NAC reversed all the observed effects relative to the inhalation of coarse PM. Conclusions Coarse PM-induced low-grade inflammation in the lung and colon is mediated by oxidative stress and deserves more investigation as potentiating factor for inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-017-0227-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vignal
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- SAGE - Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Madjid Djouina
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florian Dingreville
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Esperanza Perdrix
- SAGE - Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Adil Ouali Alami
- Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Gower-Rousseau
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Santurtún A, Rasilla DF, Riancho L, Zarrabeitia MT. Análisis de la relación entre la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y los contaminantes atmosféricos atendiendo al origen y trayectoria de las masas de aire en el Norte de España. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 53:616-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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