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Yuan D, Chen W, Jin S, Li W, Liu W, Liu L, Wu Y, Zhang Y, He X, Jiang J, Sun H, Liu X, Liu J. Co-expression of immune checkpoints in glioblastoma revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1534-1546. [PMID: 38633388 PMCID: PMC11021796 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors of the central nervous system. The pattern of immune checkpoint expression in GBM remains largely unknown. We performed snRNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomic (ST) analyses on untreated GBM samples. 8 major cell types were found in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues, with variations in infiltration grade. Neoplastic cells_6 was identified in malignant cells with high expression of invasion and proliferator-related genes, and analyzed its interactions with microglia, MDM cells and T cells. Significant alterations in ligand-receptor interactions were observed, particularly between Neoplastic cells_6 and microglia, and found prominent expression of VISTA/VSIG3, suggesting a potential mechanism for evading immune system attacks. High expression of TIM-3, VISTA, PSGL-1 and VSIG-3 with similar expression patterns in GBM, may have potential as therapeutic targets. The prognostic value of VISTA expression was cross-validated in 180 glioma patients, and it was observed that patients with high VISTA expression had a poorer prognosis. In addition, multimodal cross analysis integrated SnRNA-seq and ST, revealing complex intracellular communication and mapping the GBM tumor microenvironment. This study reveals novel molecular characteristics of GBM, co-expression of immune checkpoints, and potential therapeutic targets, contributing to improving the understanding and treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Yuan
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Jin
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanmei Liu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinhao Wu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Su S, Li Y, Chen N, He L, Dong M, Xu B, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. Blockade of BTLA alone or in combination with PD-1 restores the activation and proliferation of CD8 + T cells during in vitro infection with NCP BVDV. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110004. [PMID: 38281324 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection can result in typical peripheral blood lymphopenia and immune dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the onset of lymphopenia remains unclear. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a novel immune checkpoint molecule that primarily inhibits activation and proliferation of T cells. Blockade of BTLA with antibodies can boost the proliferation and anti-viral immune functions of T cells. Nonetheless, the immunomodulatory effects of BTLA in CD8+ T cells during BVDV infection remain unknown. Therefore, BTLA expression was measured in bovine peripheral blood CD8+ T cells infected with BVDV in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of BTLA or PD-1 blockade on CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and anti-viral immunological activities were investigated, as well as expression of signaling molecules downstream of BTLA, both alone and in combination. The results demonstrated that BTLA and PD-1 mRNA and protein levels were considerably increased in CD8+ T cells infected with cytopathic and non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV. Surprisingly, as compared to blockade of either BTLA or PD-1, blockade of both dramatically increased proliferation and expression of CD25 and p-EKR of CD8+ T cells infected with NCP BVDV. Furthermore, blockade of BTLA, but not PD-1, had no effect on BVDV replication or IFN-γ expression. These findings confirmed the immunomodulatory roles of BTLA during BVDV infection, as well as the synergistic role of BTLA and PD-1 in NCP BVDV infection, thereby providing new insights to promote activation and the anti-viral immunological activities of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Siyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linru He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Meiqi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Engineering Research Center of Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China.
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3
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Tao Q, Du JX, Zhang S, Lin W, Luo Y, Liu Y, Zeng J, Chen XL. Longitudinal multi-functional analysis identified responses of T cells, B cells, and monocytes as hallmarks of immunotherapy tolerance in patients with merkel cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293922. [PMID: 37983224 PMCID: PMC10659156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the skin. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of immune escape in patients with MCC, and malignant cell conditions that promote immune evasion. METHODS We used Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to determine cellular features associated with MCC disease trajectory. A longitudinal multi-omics study was performed using scRNA-seq data of peripheral blood harvested from four-time points. Six major cell types and fifteen cell subgroups were identified and confirmed their presence by expression of characteristic markers. The expression patterns and specific changes of different cells at different time points were investigated. Subsequently, bulk RNA data was used to validate key findings. RESULTS The dynamic characteristics of the cells were identified during the critical period between benign improvement and acquisition of resistance. Combined with the results of the validation cohort, the resistance program expressed in the relapse stage is mainly associated with T cell exhaustion and immune cell crosstalk disorder. Coinciding with immune escape, we also identified a decrease non-classical monocytes and an expansion of classical monocytes with features of high inflammation and immune deficiency. CONCLUSION Changes in cellular status, such as depletion of T cells and dysregulation of B cell proliferation and differentiation, may lead to drug resistance in MCC patients. Meanwhile, the widespread decreased antigen presentation ability and immune disorders caused by deletion of MHC class II gene expression should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyuan Tao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-xin Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjia Lin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyan Zeng
- Shenzhen Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-lin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Barberà A, González J, Martin M, Mate JL, Oriol A, Martínez-Soler F, Santalucia T, Fernández PL. Impact of Prolonged Ischemia on the Immunohistochemical Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1). Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:607-612. [PMID: 37668435 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies targeting programmed death receptor 1 or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have become a standard of care to treat different cancers; for some of these tumors, there is a correlation between tissue expression of PD-L1 and response rates in patients. Although most of the analytical challenges in the evaluation of PD-L1 expression have been standardized, preanalytical issues have been less explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of time of ischemia on the performance of 2 commonly used antibodies against PD-L1. Sixteen tonsillectomy samples were kept in ischemia for <30 minutes from sample obtention (control) and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours at room temperature before formalin fixation and paraffin embedding. Selected areas were inserted into TMA paraffin recipient blocks stained with SP142 and SP263 antibodies and evaluated by 2 blind observers. The proportion of suboptimally stained samples was significantly higher for samples with cold ischemia times 6 hours or over ( P <0.0001). False-negative results were 25% in samples exposed to 6 hours of ischemia and raised to 34% for samples remaining in ischemia for 12 or 24 hours. When all observations were pooled, SP142 provided suboptimal results in 24% of observations and SP263 in 12.5%; this is a statistically significant difference ( P =0.042). In conclusion, the quality of staining for PD-L1 in tonsil samples varies with the time of cold ischemia. The SP142 antibody presented a significantly lower tolerance to prolonged cold ischemia than SP263. These results reveal the relevance of controlled preanalytical processing of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angels Barberà
- Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous Barcelona University, Barcelona
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and IGTP
| | - Juan González
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous Barcelona University, Barcelona
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and IGTP
| | - Montserrat Martin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous Barcelona University, Barcelona
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and IGTP
| | - Jose L Mate
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous Barcelona University, Barcelona
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and IGTP
| | - Albert Oriol
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University
| | - Tomas Santalucia
- Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University
| | - Pedro Luis Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous Barcelona University, Barcelona
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and IGTP
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Yousefi-Najafabadi Z, Mehmandoostli Z, Asgari Y, Kaboli S, Falak R, Kardar GA. Reversing T Cell Exhaustion by Converting Membrane PD-1 to Its Soluble form in Jurkat Cells; Applying The CRISPR/Cas9 Exon Skipping Strategy. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:633-644. [PMID: 37718766 PMCID: PMC10520982 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.1999548.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T-cells express two functional forms of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1): membrane (mPD-1) and soluble (sPD-1). The binding of mPD-1 and its ligand (PD-L1) on tumor cells could lead activated lymphocytes toward exhaustion. Selective deletion of the transmembrane domain via alternative splicing of exon-3 in PD-1 mRNA could generate sPD-1. Overexpression of sPD-1 could disrupt the mPD-1/PD-L1 interaction in tumor-specific T cells. We investigated the effect of secreted sPD-1 from pooled engineered and non-engineered T cell supernatant on survival and proliferation of lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we designed two sgRNA sequences upstream and downstream of exon-3 in the PDCD1 gene. The lentiCRISPRv2 puro vector was used to clone the dual sgRNAs and produce lentiviral particles to transduce Jurkat T cells. Analysis assays were used to clarify the change in PD-1 expression pattern in the pooled (engineered and non-engineered) Jurkat cells. Co-culture conditions were established with PD-L1+ cancer cells and lymphocytes. RESULTS CRISPR/Cas9 could delete exon-3 of the PDCD1 gene in the engineered cells based on the tracking of indels by decomposition (TIDE) and interference of CRISPR edit (ICE) sequencing analysis reports. Our results showed a 12% reduction in mPD-1 positive cell population after CRISPR manipulation and increment in sPD-1 concentration in the supernatant. The increased sPD-1 confirmed its positive effect on proliferation of lymphocytes co-cultured with PDL1+ cancer cells. The survival percent of lymphocytes co-cultured with the pooled cells supernatant was 12.5% more than the control. CONCLUSION The CRISPR/Cas9 exon skipping approach could be used in adoptive cell immunotherapies to change PD-1 expression patterns and overcome exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Yousefi-Najafabadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mehmandoostli
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kaboli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lee SH, Kim Y, Jeon BN, Kim G, Sohn J, Yoon Y, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim H, Cha H, Lee NE, Yang H, Chung JY, Jeong AR, Kim YY, Kim SG, Seo Y, Park S, Jung HA, Sun JM, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Park H, Yoon KW. Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Improves Responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor by Activating CD8 + T Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204378. [PMID: 37097643 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) clinically benefits cancer treatment. However, the ICI responses are only achieved in a subset of patients, and the underlying mechanisms of the limited response remain unclear. 160 patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) or anti-programmed death ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1) are analyzed to understand the early determinants of response to ICI. It is observed that high levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in tumors and plasma of patients are associated with prolonged survival. Further reverse translational studies using murine syngeneic tumor models reveal that soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) is a key molecule that increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 via activation of cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) in tumors and plasma is correlated with the level of ICAM-1 and ICI efficacy, suggesting that CXCL13 might be involved in the ICAM-1-mediated anti-tumor pathway. Using sICAM-1 alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 enhances anti-tumor efficacy in anti-PD-1-responsive tumors in murine models. Notably, combinatorial therapy with sICAM-1 and anti-PD-1 converts anti-PD-1-resistant tumors to responsive ones in a preclinical study. These findings provide a new immunotherapeutic strategy for treating cancers using ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Bu-Nam Jeon
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Sohn
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Yunjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hongui Cha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Yang
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Chung
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - A-Reum Jeong
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Yun Yeon Kim
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Kim
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | | | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu., Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, South Korea
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Jiang M, Fiering S, Shao Q. Combining energy-based focal ablation and immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical research and clinical trials. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1153066. [PMID: 37251920 PMCID: PMC10211342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1153066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy-based focal therapy (FT) uses targeted, minimally invasive procedures to destroy tumors while preserving normal tissue and function. There is strong emerging interest in understanding how systemic immunity against the tumor can occur with cancer immunotherapy, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The motivation for combining FT and ICI in cancer management relies on the synergy between the two different therapies: FT complements ICI by reducing tumor burden, increasing objective response rate, and reducing side effects of ICI; ICI supplements FT by reducing local recurrence, controlling distal metastases, and providing long-term protection. This combinatorial strategy has shown promising results in preclinical study (since 2004) and the clinical trials (since 2011). Understanding the synergy calls for understanding the physics and biology behind the two different therapies with distinctive mechanisms of action. In this review, we introduce different types of energy-based FT by covering the biophysics of tissue-energy interaction and present the immunomodulatory properties of FT. We discuss the basis of cancer immunotherapy with the emphasis on ICI. We examine the approaches researchers have been using and the results from both preclinical models and clinical trials from our exhaustive literature research. Finally, the challenges of the combinatory strategy and opportunities of future research is discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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8
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Ma GL, Lin WF. Immune checkpoint inhibition mediated with liposomal nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:20. [PMID: 37106400 PMCID: PMC10142459 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for cancer has achieved great success both in clinical results and on the market. At the same time, success drives more attention from scientists to improve it. However, only a small portion of patients are responsive to this therapy, and it comes with a unique spectrum of side effects termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The use of nanotechnology could improve ICBs' delivery to the tumor, assist them in penetrating deeper into tumor tissues and alleviate their irAEs. Liposomal nanomedicine has been investigated and used for decades, and is well-recognized as the most successful nano-drug delivery system. The successful combination of ICB with liposomal nanomedicine could help improve the efficacy of ICB therapy. In this review, we highlighted recent studies using liposomal nanomedicine (including new emerging exosomes and their inspired nano-vesicles) in associating ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Long Ma
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Wei-Feng Lin
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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9
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Khadela A, Postwala H, Rana D, Dave H, Ranch K, Boddu SHS. A review of recent advances in the novel therapeutic targets and immunotherapy for lung cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:152. [PMID: 37071269 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is amongst the most pervasive malignancies having high mortality rates. It is broadly grouped into non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The concept of personalized medicine has overshadowed the conventional chemotherapy given to all patients with lung cancer. The targeted therapy is given to a particular population having specific mutations to help in the better management of lung cancer. The targeting pathways for NSCLC include the epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, MET (Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) oncogene, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). SCLC targeting pathway includes Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK 1) pathway, WEE1 pathway, Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL-Immune checkpoint inhibitors like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) blockade are also utilized in the management of lung cancer. Many of the targeted therapies are still under development and require clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the mechanism of molecular targets and immune-mediated targets, recently approved drugs, and their clinical trials for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Deval Rana
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Hetvi Dave
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ketan Ranch
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharm. Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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10
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The Interaction of Programmed Cell Death Protein and Its Ligands with Non-Coding RNAs in Neoplasms: Emerging Anticancer Immunotherapeutics. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer cells can elude immune cells by creating a sanctuary within the tumor’s microenvironment. Large amounts of immune-suppressing signaling proteins can be expressed by cancer cells. One of the most important mechanisms in this system is immune suppression caused by tumors and the modulation of the immune checkpoint. The immune checkpoint is modulated by both the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), including the more well-known microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), all play roles in the regulation of biological processes and extensive diseases such as cancer. Thus, the focus of this study is on the interactions between the programmed death protein and its ligands with miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs during tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, some FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of various cancers were based on their interactions with PD-1, PD-Ls, and ncRNAs. This promising strategy is still in the production stages, with additional results and clinical trials being processed.
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11
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Configuring Therapeutic Aspects of Immune Checkpoints in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020543. [PMID: 36672492 PMCID: PMC9856297 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are unique components of the body's defense mechanism that safeguard the body from immune responses that are potent enough to harm healthy body cells. When proteins present on the surface of T cells recognize and bind to the proteins present on other tumor cells, immune checkpoints are triggered. These proteins are called immunological checkpoints. The T cells receive an on/off signal when the checkpoints interact with companion proteins. This might avert the host's immune system from eliminating cancer cells. The standard care plan for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized with the use of drugs targeting immune checkpoints, in particular programmed cell death protein 1. These drugs are now extended for their potential to manage SCLC. However, it is acknowledged that these drugs have specific immune related adverse effects. Herein, we discuss the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with NSCLC and SCLC, their outcomes, and future perspectives.
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12
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Anticancer natural products targeting immune checkpoint protein network. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1008-1032. [PMID: 34838956 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Normal cells express surface proteins that bind to immune checkpoint proteins on immune cells to turn them off, whereby the immune system does not attack normal healthy cells. Cancer cells can also utilize this same protective mechanism by expressing surface proteins that can interact with checkpoint proteins on immune cells to overcome the immune surveillance. Immunotherapy is making the best use of the body's own immune system to reinforce anti-tumor responses. The most generally used immunotherapy is the control of immune checkpoints including the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell deathreceptor 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). In spite of the clinical effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the overall response rate still remains low. Therefore, there have been considerable efforts in searching for alternative immune checkpoint proteins that may work as new therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer. Recent studies have identified several additional novel immune checkpoint targets, including lymphocyte activation gene-3, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation, B7 homolog 3 protein, B and T cell lymphocyte attenuator, and inducible T cell COStimulator. Natural compounds, especially those present in medicinal or dietary plants, have been investigated for their anti-tumor effects in various in vitro and in vivo models. Some phytochemicals exert anti-tumor activities based on immunoregulatioby blocking interaction between proteins involved in immune checkpoint signal transduction or regulating their expression/activity. Recently, synergistic anti-cancer effects of diverse phytochemicals with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody drugs have been continuously reported. Considering an increasing attention to noteworthy therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the cancer therapy, this review focuses on regulatory effects of selected phytochemicals on immune checkpoint protein network and their combinational effectiveness with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting tumor cells.
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13
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Gupta M, Chandan K, Sarwat M. Natural Products and their Derivatives as Immune Check Point Inhibitors: Targeting Cytokine/Chemokine Signalling in Cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:214-232. [PMID: 35772610 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is the new generation and widely accepted form of tumour treatment. It is, however, associated with exclusive challenges which include organ-specific inflammation, and single-target strategies. Therefore, approaches that can enhance the efficiency of existing immunotherapies and expand their indications are required for the further development of immunotherapy. Natural products and medicines are stated to have this desired effect on cancer immunotherapy (adoptive immune-cells therapy, cancer vaccines, and immune-check point inhibitors). They refurbish the immunosuppressed tumour microenvironment, which is the primary location of interaction of tumour cells with the host immune system. Various immune cell subsets, via interaction with cytokine/chemokine receptors, are recruited into this microenvironment, and these subsets have roles in tumour progression and treatment responsiveness. This review summarises cytokine/chemokine signalling, types of cancer immunotherapy and the herbal medicine-derived natural products targeting cytokine/chemokines and immune checkpoints. These natural compounds possess immunomodulatory activities and exert their anti-tumour effect by either blocking the interaction or modulating the expression of the proteins linked with immune checkpoint signaling pathways. Some compounds also show a synergistic effect in combination with existing monoclonal antibody drugs to reverse the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, we have also reported some studies about the derivatives and formulations used to overcome the limitations of natural forms. This review can provide important insights for directing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Chandan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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James NE, Valenzuela AD, Emerson JB, Woodman M, Miller K, Hovanesian V, Ou J, Ribeiro JR. Intratumoral expression analysis reveals that OX40 and TIM-3 are prominently expressed and have variable associations with clinical outcomes in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:188. [PMID: 35527785 PMCID: PMC9073576 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ovarian cancer exhibit low response rates to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) based therapies, despite ovarian tumors demonstrating measurable immune responses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to comparatively examine expression of notable immune co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors in order identify the most abundant receptors that could potentially serve as therapeutic targets to enhance immunotherapy response in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was employed to compare levels of various HGSOC and pan-cancer cohorts. To confirm these findings at the protein level, immunofluorescence of select receptors was performed in 29 HGSOC patient tissue samples. TCGA and Kaplan Meier analysis was employed to determine the association of highly expressed immune receptors with clinical outcomes. TIM-3 and OX40 exhibited the highest expression in HGSOC at both the gene and protein level, with TIM-3 demonstrating highest levels on both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets. Pan-cancer analysis determined that TIM-3 and OX40 levels were similar to those in immunotherapy-responsive cancers, while PD-1 exhibited much lower expression in HGSOC. Finally, OX40 was most strongly associated with improved patient survival. Overall, the current study suggested that TIM-3 and OX40 are frequently expressed intratumoral immune receptors in HGSOC and thus represent promising immune targets. Furthermore, the present analysis strongly suggested that OX40 was significantly associated with a longer survival and could potentially be utilized as a prognostic factor for improved patient outcomes in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ashley D. Valenzuela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jenna B. Emerson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Morgan Woodman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Katherine Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Virginia Hovanesian
- Rhode Island Hospital, Core Research Laboratories, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Joyce Ou
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Ribeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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15
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Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: From bench to bedside. Life Sci 2022; 297:120466. [PMID: 35271882 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can present tumoral antigens to T-cells and stimulate T-cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses. In addition to uptaking, processing, and presenting tumoral antigens to T-cells, co-stimulatory signals have to be established between DCs with T-cells to develop anti-tumoral immune responses. However, most of the tumor-infiltrated immune cells are immunosuppressive in the tumor microenvironment (TME), paving the way for immune evasion of tumor cells. This immunosuppressive TME has also been implicated in suppressing the DC-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses, as well. Various factors, i.e., immunoregulatory cells, metabolic factors, tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, have been implicated in developing the immunosuppressive TME. Herein, we aimed to review the biology of DCs in developing T-cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses, the significance of immunoregulatory cells in the TME, metabolic barriers contributing to DCs dysfunction in the TME, tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in DC-based cell therapy outcomes. With reviewing the ongoing clinical trials, we also proposed a novel therapeutic strategy to increase the efficacy of DC-based cell therapy. Indeed, the combination of DC-based cell therapy with monoclonal antibodies against novel immune checkpoint molecules can be a promising strategy to increase the response rate of patients with cancers.
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16
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Biber G, Sabag B, Raiff A, Ben‐Shmuel A, Puthenveetil A, Benichou JIC, Jubany T, Levy M, Killner S, Barda‐Saad M. Modulation of intrinsic inhibitory checkpoints using nano-carriers to unleash NK cell activity. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14073. [PMID: 34725941 PMCID: PMC8749471 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells provide a powerful weapon mediating immune defense against viral infections, tumor growth, and metastatic spread. NK cells demonstrate great potential for cancer immunotherapy; they can rapidly and directly kill cancer cells in the absence of MHC-dependent antigen presentation and can initiate a robust immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nevertheless, current NK cell-based immunotherapies have several drawbacks, such as the requirement for ex vivo expansion of modified NK cells, and low transduction efficiency. Furthermore, to date, no clinical trial has demonstrated a significant benefit for NK-based therapies in patients with advanced solid tumors, mainly due to the suppressive TME. To overcome current obstacles in NK cell-based immunotherapies, we describe here a non-viral lipid nanoparticle-based delivery system that encapsulates small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to gene silence the key intrinsic inhibitory NK cell molecules, SHP-1, Cbl-b, and c-Cbl. The nanoparticles (NPs) target NK cells in vivo, silence inhibitory checkpoint signaling molecules, and unleash NK cell activity to eliminate tumors. Thus, the novel NP-based system developed here may serve as a powerful tool for future NK cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Biber
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Batel Sabag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Anat Raiff
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Aviad Ben‐Shmuel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Abhishek Puthenveetil
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Jennifer I C Benichou
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Tammir Jubany
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Moria Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Shiran Killner
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Mira Barda‐Saad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
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17
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Mohindroo C, Unver N. Mechanisms of Antitumor Immunity and Immunosurveillance. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2435:1-6. [PMID: 34993935 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system has a well-defined role in all stages of carcinogenesis. The current chapter presents a discussion of various constituents of immunity involved in tumorigenesis along with their mechanisms, forming the basis for immunoprevention and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu Mohindroo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nese Unver
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Luo YH, Yang YP, Chien CS, Yarmishyn AA, Adekunle Ishola A, Chien Y, Chen YM, Tsai PH, Lin TW, Wang ML, Chiou SH. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000190 Facilitates the Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion by Upregulating the Expression of Soluble PD-L1 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:64. [PMID: 35008490 PMCID: PMC8744551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in Taiwan and throughout the world. Immunotherapy has revealed promising and significant efficacy in NSCLC, through immune checkpoint inhibition by blocking programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) signaling pathway to restore patients' T-cell immunity. One novel type of long, non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), are endogenous, stable, and widely expressed in tissues, saliva, blood, urine, and exosomes. Our previous results revealed that the plasma level of hsa_circ_0000190 can be monitored by liquid-biopsy-based droplet digital PCR and may serve as a valuable blood-based biomarker to monitor the disease progression and the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, hsa_circ_0000190 was shown to increase the PD-L1 mRNA-mediated soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) expression, consequently interfering with the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody and T-cell activation, which may result in immunotherapy resistance and poor outcome. Our results unraveled that hsa_circ_0000190 facilitated the tumorigenesis and immune evasion of NSCLC by upregulating sPD-L1 expression, potentially developing a different aspect in elucidating the molecular immunopathogenesis of NSCLC. Hsa_circ_0000190 upregulation can be an effective indicator for the progression of NSCLC, and hsa_circ_0000190 downregulation may possess a potential therapeutic value for the treatment of NSCLC in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hung Luo
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
| | - Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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19
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Freund E, Bekeschus S. Gas Plasma-Oxidized Liquids for Cancer Treatment: Preclinical Relevance, Immuno-Oncology, and Clinical Obstacles. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.3029982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Wu C, Cao X, Zhang X. VISTA inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy: a short perspective on recent progresses. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1672-1679. [PMID: 34778768 PMCID: PMC8528208 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel negative checkpoint regulator that mediates T cell proliferation and cytokine production. The VISTA signaling pathway blockade has been proved as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Recent VISTA sequence analysis and crystal structure investigations have revealed its independent and unique function as compared with B7 family members, such as PD-1. This review will discuss VISTA binding partners and compare the structural differences between VISTA and other B7 family members, focusing on VISTA functions in immune activation and maintaining T cell quiescence. Recent progress and the therapeutic potential of biomacromolecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecules targeting VISTA, are also discussed. Among these, a first-in-class small-molecule antagonist, CA-170, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
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21
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Fujiwara Y, Torphy RJ, Sun Y, Miller EN, Ho F, Borcherding N, Wu T, Torres RM, Zhang W, Schulick RD, Zhu Y. The GPR171 pathway suppresses T cell activation and limits antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5857. [PMID: 34615877 PMCID: PMC8494883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently identified G-protein-coupled receptor GPR171 and its ligand BigLEN are thought to regulate food uptake and anxiety. Though GPR171 is commonly used as a T cell signature gene in transcriptomic studies, its potential role in T cell immunity has not been explored. Here we show that GPR171 is transcribed in T cells and its protein expression is induced upon antigen stimulation. The neuropeptide ligand BigLEN interacts with GPR171 to suppress T cell receptor-mediated signalling pathways and to inhibit T cell proliferation. Loss of GPR171 in T cells leads to hyperactivity to antigen stimulation and GPR171 knockout mice exhibit enhanced antitumor immunity. Blockade of GPR171 signalling by an antagonist promotes antitumor T cell immunity and improves immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Together, our study identifies the GPR171/BigLEN axis as a T cell checkpoint pathway that can be modulated for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Robert J Torphy
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Emily N Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Felix Ho
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Raul M Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Richard D Schulick
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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22
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Immune Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Cancer-An Opportunity for Immunotherapy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101534. [PMID: 34680929 PMCID: PMC8536131 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignancy that arises from calcitonin-producing C-cells. Curative treatment for patients with metastatic MTC is challenging. Identifying the mechanisms by which cancer cells inhibit the activity of immune cells provides an opportunity to develop new therapies that restore anticancer activity. Little is known about the immunological phenomena underlying MTC. Here, we examined the expression profile of 395 genes associated with MTC. The study included 51 patients diagnosed with MTC at a single center. Bioinformatical analysis revealed that CD276 expression in MTC cells was at least three-fold higher than that in normal tissue. The expression of CD276 showed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation with tumor diameter, but we did not find a significant association between CD276 expression and other histopathological clinical factors, or the response to initial therapy. A search of published data identified the monoclonal antibody (inhibitor) enoblituzumab as a potential drug for patients diagnosed with MTC overexpressing CD276.
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23
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Tupikowski K, Partyka A, Pawlak EA, Ptaszkowski K, Zdrojowy R, Frydecka I, Hałoń A, Karabon L. Variation in the gene encoding the co-inhibitory molecule BTLA is associated with survival in patients treated for clear cell renal carcinoma - results of a prospective cohort study. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1454-1462. [PMID: 37732048 PMCID: PMC10507760 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/142407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The successful introduction of immune checkpoint blockade approaches to renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment indicates the importance of molecules regulating the T cell response to RCC risk and progression. Material and methods In this study, we evaluate the association of variations in the CTLA-4, BTLA and CD28 genes with overall survival (OS) of RCC patients and specifically clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patients. The following single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously genotyped using the RFLP method or TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays were analyzed: CTLA-4 gene: c.49A>G (rs231775), g.319C>T (rs5742909), g.*6230G>A (CT60; rs3087243), g.*10223G>T (Jo31; rs11571302); CD28 gene: c.17+3T>C (rs3116496), c.-1042G>A (rs3181098); BTLA gene: rs2705511, rs1982809, rs9288952, rs9288953, rs2705535 and rs1844089. Results During long term observation (6.5 years) we discovered that possessing the A allele at BTLA rs1844089 SNP, together with advanced disease (stage ≥ 3, tumor grade > 3, tumor diameter ≥ 70 mm), is an independent risk factor of death which increases the hazard ratio (HR) of death by more than two-fold (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.28-3.83). Furthermore, the OS of patients bearing this allele is 6 months shorter than for homozygous (GG) patients (42.5 vs. 48.2 months). Conclusions Our results indicate for the first time that genetic variation within the gene encoding BTLA is significantly associated with overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Experimental Therapy, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta A. Pawlak
- Department of Experimental Therapy, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kuba Ptaszkowski
- Department of Clinical Biomechanics and Physiotherapy in Motor System Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Romuald Zdrojowy
- Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Irena Frydecka
- Department of Experimental Therapy, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hałoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Department of Experimental Therapy, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Tagliamento M, Bironzo P, Novello S. New emerging targets in cancer immunotherapy: the role of VISTA. ESMO Open 2021; 4:e000683. [PMID: 32554470 PMCID: PMC7305420 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune surveillance system is complex and regulated by different actors. Programmed death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1), the only approved biomarker in clinical practice, has proven to be imperfect in selecting patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment. Therefore, new biomarkers, and new therapeutic targets, are needed to maximise the efficacy of immunotherapy. V-domain Ig Suppressor of T-cell Activation (VISTA) is a programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) homolog expressed on T cells and on antigen-presenting cells, which regulates processes of activation and repression of the immune system with not yet completely clarified mechanisms. Its blockage has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity. The clinical research of VISTA antagonists is ongoing. Particularly, CA-170, an orally delivered dual inhibitor of VISTA and PD-L1, has shown to have clinical efficacy in phase I and II clinical trials in different advanced solid tumour types. Further data are needed to define whether this drug class can become a new therapeutic option for patients with VISTA expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Oncology 2, University of Genova & IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Oncology Department, Thoracic Oncology, University of Turin & San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Oncology Department, Thoracic Oncology, University of Turin & San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
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25
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Mbugua SN, Njenga LW, Odhiambo RA, Wandiga SO, Onani MO. Beyond DNA-targeting in Cancer Chemotherapy. Emerging Frontiers - A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:28-47. [PMID: 32814532 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200819160213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modern anti-cancer drugs target DNA specifically for rapid division of malignant cells. One downside of this approach is that they also target other rapidly dividing healthy cells, such as those involved in hair growth leading to serious toxic side effects and hair loss. Therefore, it would be better to develop novel agents that address cellular signaling mechanisms unique to cancerous cells, and new research is now focussing on such approaches. Although the classical chemotherapy area involving DNA as the set target continues to produce important findings, nevertheless, a distinctly discernible emerging trend is the divergence from the cisplatin operation model that uses the metal as the primary active center of the drug. Many successful anti-cancer drugs present are associated with elevated toxicity levels. Cancers also develop immunity against most therapies and the area of cancer research can, therefore, be seen as an area with a high unaddressed need. Hence, ongoing work into cancer pathogenesis is important to create accurate preclinical tests that can contribute to the development of innovative drugs to manage and treat cancer. Some of the emergent frontiers utilizing different approaches include nanoparticles delivery, use of quantum dots, metal complexes, tumor ablation, magnetic hypothermia and hyperthermia by use of Superparamagnetic Iron oxide Nanostructures, pathomics and radiomics, laser surgery and exosomes. This review summarizes these new approaches in good detail, giving critical views with necessary comparisons. It also delves into what they carry for the future, including their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Mbugua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lydia W Njenga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth A Odhiambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shem O Wandiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martin O Onani
- Organometallics and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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26
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Tagliamento M, Agostinetto E, Borea R, Brandão M, Poggio F, Addeo A, Lambertini M. VISTA: A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy? Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:185-200. [PMID: 34189130 PMCID: PMC8235942 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s260429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents targeting the B7 family co-inhibitory receptors cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), or its ligand (PD-L1), have a pivotal role in clinical practice. V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a protein highly conserved between species, with a similar amino acid sequence to the B7 family members, characterized by a particularly structural homology to PD-1. It has been counted as an emerging target within the list of novel targetable immune checkpoints in oncology. Physiologically, VISTA exerts a regulatory function on the immune system at several levels, particularly by modulating T cells activation. Its altered activity plays a role in many autoimmune diseases, and its expression has been found to be prognostically implicated in different cancer types in preclinical models. We hereby present the main evidence on the value of VISTA as an immune checkpoint in solid and hematological malignancies. We also review its value as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, by reporting the results of Phase I and II clinical trials assessing the use of drugs targeting VISTA. The complexity of its pathway, along with some unclear biological aspects concerning its molecular interactions, currently represent a limit to the applicability of VISTA as an effective biomarker for immunotherapy in oncology. A deeper characterization of this immune checkpoint may help defining its value within immune signatures of solid and hematological malignancies, and to design future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Agostinetto
- Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium.,Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Borea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Mariana Brandão
- Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesca Poggio
- Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, UOC Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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27
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Alderdice M, Craig SG, Humphries MP, Gilmore A, Johnston N, Bingham V, Coyle V, Senevirathne S, Longley D, Loughrey M, McQuaid S, James J, Salto-Tellez M, Lawler M, McArt D. Evolutionary genetic algorithm identifies IL2RB as a potential predictive biomarker for immune-checkpoint therapy in colorectal cancer. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab016. [PMID: 33928242 PMCID: PMC8057496 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying robust predictive biomarkers to stratify colorectal cancer (CRC) patients based on their response to immune-checkpoint therapy is an area of unmet clinical need. Our evolutionary algorithm Atlas Correlation Explorer (ACE) represents a novel approach for mining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for clinically relevant associations. We deployed ACE to identify candidate predictive biomarkers of response to immune-checkpoint therapy in CRC. We interrogated the colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) gene expression data across nine immune-checkpoints (PDL1, PDCD1, CTLA4, LAG3, TIM3, TIGIT, ICOS, IDO1 and BTLA). IL2RB was identified as the most common gene associated with immune-checkpoint genes in CRC. Using human/murine single-cell RNA-seq data, we demonstrated that IL2RB was expressed predominantly in a subset of T-cells associated with increased immune-checkpoint expression (P < 0.0001). Confirmatory IL2RB immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in a large MSI-H colon cancer tissue microarray (TMA; n = 115) revealed sensitive, specific staining of a subset of lymphocytes and a strong association with FOXP3+ lymphocytes (P < 0.0001). IL2RB mRNA positively correlated with three previously-published gene signatures of response to immune-checkpoint therapy (P < 0.0001). Our evolutionary algorithm has identified IL2RB to be extensively linked to immune-checkpoints in CRC; its expression should be investigated for clinical utility as a potential predictive biomarker for CRC patients receiving immune-checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alderdice
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Health Data Research UK Wales and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Alan Gilmore
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Nicole Johnston
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Vicky Coyle
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Seedevi Senevirathne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Lawler
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Health Data Research UK Wales and Northern Ireland
| | - Darragh G McArt
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +028 9097 2629;
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28
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Mehdizadeh S, Bayatipoor H, Pashangzadeh S, Jafarpour R, Shojaei Z, Motallebnezhad M. Immune checkpoints and cancer development: Therapeutic implications and future directions. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 223:153485. [PMID: 34022684 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, different inhibitory receptors have been identified, which have played prominent roles in reducing anti-tumor immune responses. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer was revealed by critical blockade of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) checkpoints. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), anti-PD-L1 (Atezolizumab, avelumab, and duravulumab), and anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, tremelimumab), are currently FDA-approved treatment options for a broad range of cancer types. However, regarding immunotherapy advances in recent years, most studies have been focused on finding the antibodies against other inhibitory immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin, and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), B7-homolog 3 (B7-H3), V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), diacylglycerol kinase-α (DGK-α), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). This immune checkpoint exerts differential inhibitory impacts on various types of lymphocytes. The suppression of immune responses demonstrates a surprising synergy with PD-1. Therefore, most antibodies against these immune checkpoints are undertaking clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy of advanced solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of immune checkpoint and the role of monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mehdizadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Bayatipoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Pashangzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Jafarpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shojaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Lee JB, Ha SJ, Kim HR. Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681320. [PMID: 34025438 PMCID: PMC8139127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), notably anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) as well as inhibitors of CTLA-4, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has revolutionized treatment options for solid tumors. However, the lack of response to treatment, in terms of de novo or acquired resistance, and immune related adverse events (IRAE) remain as hurdles. One mechanisms to overcome the limitations of ICIs is to target other immune checkpoints associated with tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoints such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), inducible T cell costimulatory (ICOS), and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) are feasible and promising options for treating solid tumors, and clinical trials are currently under active investigation. This review aims to summarize the clinical aspects of the immune checkpoints and introduce novel agents targeting these checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Porsche CE, Delproposto JB, Geletka L, O'Rourke R, Lumeng CN. Obesity results in adipose tissue T cell exhaustion. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139793. [PMID: 33724954 PMCID: PMC8119198 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite studies implicating adipose tissue T cells (ATT) in the initiation and persistence of adipose tissue inflammation, fundamental gaps in knowledge regarding ATT function impedes progress toward understanding how obesity influences adaptive immunity. We hypothesized that ATT activation and function would have tissue-resident–specific properties and that obesity would potentiate their inflammatory properties. We assessed ATT activation and inflammatory potential within mouse and human stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Surprisingly, murine and human ATTs from obese visceral white adipose tissue exhibited impaired inflammatory characteristics upon stimulation. Both environmental and cell-intrinsic factors are implicated in ATT dysfunction. Soluble factors from obese SVF inhibit ATT activation. Additionally, chronic signaling from macrophage major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) is necessary for ATT impairment in obese adipose tissue but is independent of increased PD1 expression. To assess intracellular signaling mechanisms responsible for ATT inflammation impairments, single-cell RNA sequencing of ATTs was performed. ATTs in obese adipose tissue exhibit enrichment of genes characteristic of T cell exhaustion and increased expression of coinhibitory receptor Btla. In sum, this work suggests that obesity-induced ATTs have functional characteristics and gene expression resembling T cell exhaustion induced by local soluble factors and cell-to-cell interactions in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynn Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and
| | - Robert O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Graduate Program in Immunology.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and
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31
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Blackburn NB, Leandro AC, Nahvi N, Devlin MA, Leandro M, Martinez Escobedo I, Peralta JM, George J, Stacy BA, deMaar TW, Blangero J, Keniry M, Curran JE. Transcriptomic Profiling of Fibropapillomatosis in Green Sea Turtles ( Chelonia mydas) From South Texas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630988. [PMID: 33717164 PMCID: PMC7943941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor promoting disease that is one of several threats globally to endangered sea turtle populations. The prevalence of FP is highest in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations, and historically has shown considerable temporal growth. FP tumors can significantly affect the ability of turtles to forage for food and avoid predation and can grow to debilitating sizes. In the current study, based in South Texas, we have applied transcriptome sequencing to FP tumors and healthy control tissue to study the gene expression profiles of FP. By identifying differentially expressed turtle genes in FP, and matching these genes to their closest human ortholog we draw on the wealth of human based knowledge, specifically human cancer, to identify new insights into the biology of sea turtle FP. We show that several genes aberrantly expressed in FP tumors have known tumor promoting biology in humans, including CTHRC1 and NLRC5, and provide support that disruption of the Wnt signaling pathway is a feature of FP. Further, we profiled the expression of current targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors from human oncology in FP tumors and identified potential candidates for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Nina Nahvi
- Sea Turtle Inc., South Padre Island, TX, United States
| | | | - Marcelo Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | | | - Juan M. Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jeff George
- Sea Turtle Inc., South Padre Island, TX, United States
| | - Brian A. Stacy
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Megan Keniry
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
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32
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which aims to control the immune system to eradicate cancer cells and prevent their spread, needs to be personalized because anticancer immune responses can be inhibited in several ways that vary from patient to patient. Cancer immunotherapy includes pharmaceuticals such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as well as cell therapy, immunogene therapy, and vaccines. Combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs with other immunotherapy drugs, for example, antibody-drug conjugates, as well as combination of PD-1/PD-L1 drugs with other therapies, for example, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are being explored. Biomarkers are important for predicting the response to immunotherapy. Molecular diagnostics and sequencing are important technologies for guiding treatment in immuno-oncology. Genomic profiling of tumor mutational burden may enhance the predictive utility of PD-L1 expression and facilitate personalized combination immunotherapy. Optimization of personalized immuno-oncology requires integration of several technologies and selection of those best suited for an individual patient. Advances in immuno-oncology are also attributed to technologies for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics such as antigen-capturing nanoparticles for precision targeting and selective delivery. A breakthrough in cell therapy of cancer is a chimeric antigen receptors-T cell, which combines the antigen-binding site of a MAb with the signal activating machinery of a T cell, freeing antigen recognition from major histocompatibility complex restriction. Gene-editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats have a promising application for removing alloreactivity and decreasing immunogenicity of third-party T cells. In conclusion, personalized immuno-oncology is one of the most promising approaches to management of cancer.
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33
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Barberà A, Marginet Flinch R, Martin M, Mate JL, Oriol A, Martínez-Soler F, Santalucia T, Fernández PL. The Immunohistochemical Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Is Affected by Sample Overfixation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:76-81. [PMID: 32134754 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Humanized antibodies targeting programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) have been approved for the treatment of different cancers. Some of these antibodies show a correlation between the tissue expression of PD-L1 and response. Evaluation of PD-L1 expression presents multiple challenges, but some preanalytical issues such as tissue fixation have been scarcely evaluated. With the hypothesis that immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 may be impacted by the time of specimen fixation, we evaluated differences in its expression in tonsil samples exposed to predefined fixation times. Random nontumoral tonsillectomy specimens were blindly evaluated in tissue microarray slides after staining with SP142 and SP263 antibodies. With fixation times ranging from 12 to 72 hours, between 2.8% and 6.1% of the samples were considered to be suboptimally stained, with no differences between the 2 antibodies within these fixation times. A significantly higher proportion of samples exposed to a fixation time of 96 hours presented suboptimal immunostaining (15.6%, P<0.0001). In addition, suboptimally stained spots were 20.8% using SP142 and 10.4% using SP263 after 96 hours of fixation (P=0.046). In conclusion, the quality of staining for PD-L1 in tonsil samples decreased with overfixation of the specimen at times >72 hours. Samples exposed to formaldehyde for longer periods presented suboptimal results for both clones, but the SP142 antibody presented a significantly lower tolerance to formalin overexposure than SP263. These results indicate the relevance of a controlled preanalytical processing of samples and particularly the length of fixation of tumor specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angels Barberà
- Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University
- Pathology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Ruth Marginet Flinch
- Pathology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Montserrat Martin
- Pathology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Jose L Mate
- Pathology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Albert Oriol
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University
| | - Tomas Santalucia
- Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University
| | - Pedro L Fernández
- Pathology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Wehrhan F, Weber M, Baran C, Agaimy A, Büttner-Herold M, Kesting M, Ries J. PD1 expression and correlation with its ligands in oral cancer specimens and peripheral blood. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020; 49:118-125. [PMID: 33358116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study analyzed the expression of the PD1 receptor in tumor tissue and peripheral blood of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and correlated it with the PD1 ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. The currently low response rates of checkpoint inhibitor treatment in OSCC could be increased by a better understanding of immune checkpoint biology. Despite evidence in the literature for upregulation of PD1 checkpoint ligands in OSCC tissue, there has been no correlation analysis of the PD1 receptor with its ligands in tissue specimens and peripheral blood of OSCC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS An RT-qPCR analysis of PD1 mRNA expression was performed in oral cancer specimens, healthy mucosa, and corresponding blood samples. A cut-off point (COP) was determined and a chi-square (χ2) test was carried out. PD1 expression was correlated with previously reported PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression values using the Spearman test. RESULTS Tissue and blood specimens of 48 OSCC patients and 26 healthy individuals were analyzed. PD1 expression in OSCC specimens was significantly increased (p = 0.006) compared with healthy oral mucosa. PD1 overexpression in tissue samples showed a significant association with the presence of malignancy (p = 0.006). PD1 expression in tissue samples showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) with the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. In contrast, there was no correlation between PD1 and its ligands in blood samples. However, there was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) between the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, both in tissue and blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Increased PD1 expression might be a manifestation of T-cell exhaustion in OSCC specimens, leading to immune tolerance. PD-L1/PD-L2-PD1 interaction may be a major mediator of local immunosuppression in OSCC, requiring advanced multimodal treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Christoph Baran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2272-2298. [PMID: 33354501 PMCID: PMC7745059 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancer immunotherapies including chimeric antigen receptor T cell and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been successfully developed to treat various cancers by motivating the adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Particularly, the checkpoint blockade approach has achieved great clinic success as evidenced by several U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-programmed death receptor 1/ligand 1 or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 antibodies. However, the majority of cancers have low clinical response rates to these ICIs due to poor tumor immunogenicity. Indeed, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase‒stimulator of interferon genes‒TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS‒STING‒TBK1) axis is now appreciated as the major signaling pathway in innate immune response across different species. Aberrant signaling of this pathway has been closely linked to multiple diseases, including auto-inflammation, virus infection and cancers. In this perspective, we provide an updated review on the latest progress on the development of small molecule modulators targeting the cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway and their preclinical and clinical use as a new immune stimulatory therapy. Meanwhile, highlights on the clinical candidates, limitations and challenges, as well as future directions in this field are also discussed. Further, small molecule inhibitors targeting this signaling axis and their potential therapeutic use for various indications are discussed as well.
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Key Words
- ABZI, amidobenzimidazole
- ACMA, 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Anti-tumor
- BNBC, 6-bromo-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxamide
- CBD, cyclic dinucleotide-binding domain
- CDA, cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP)
- CDG, cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP)
- CDN, cyclic dinucleotide
- CMA, 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4
- CTT, C-terminal tail
- CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
- DC50, concentration for 50% degradation
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid
- DSDP, dispiro diketopiperzine
- EM, cryo-electron microscopy
- ENPP1, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FAA, flavone-8-acetic acid
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FP, fluorescence polarization
- GMP, guanosine monophosphate
- GTP, guanosine triphosphate
- HCQ, hydrochloroquine
- HTS, high throughput screening
- ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IO, immune-oncology
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- ISG, interferon stimulated gene
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- Immunotherapy
- KD, kinase domain
- LBD, ligand-binding domain
- MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney
- MG, Mangostin
- MI, maximum induction
- MLK, mixed lineage kinase
- MinEC5×, minimum effective concentration for inducing 5-fold luciferase activity
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- Ntase, nucleotidyl transferase
- PBMCs, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells
- PD-1, programmed death receptor 1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1
- PDE, phosphodiesterases
- PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
- PPi, pyrophosphoric acid
- PROTACs, proteolysis targeting chimeras
- PRRs, pattern recognition receptors
- QC, quinacrine
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SDD, scaffold and dimerization domain
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- STING
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- Small molecule modulators
- TBK1
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- THIQCs, tetrahydroisoquinolone acetic acids
- TNFRSF, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
- ULD, ubiquitin-like domain
- VHL, von Hippel–Lindau
- cAIMP, cyclic adenosine-inosine monophosphate
- cGAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS
- cGAS, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- i.t., intratumoral
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García-Martínez E, Pérez-Fidalgo JA. Immunotherapies in ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2020; 15:87-95. [PMID: 33240447 PMCID: PMC7573463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death for gynaecological cancer, and new therapies are urgently awaited. Although the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes has been confirmed to be associated to a better prognosis, immunotherapy is not yet incorporated to the armamentarium in ovarian cancer. This review briefly summarises the strategies that have been tested or are under study for the three different groups of tumours: immune desert, inflamed and immune-excluded ovarian tumours. Finally, a better knowledge of the biology and immune microenvironment is needed for successfully developing new immunotherapy strategies. Immune ovarian cancer subtypes could improve the selection patients for immunotherapy. Very frequently ovarian cancer needs to be converted in an inflamed tumour. Checkpoints inhibitor combinations are well designed and very promising in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martínez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Murcia, Spain
| | - J Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia, Spain
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Ding J, Guo Y, Jiang X, Li Q, Li K, Liu M, Fu W, Cao Y. Polysaccharides Derived from Saposhnikovia divaricata May Suppress Breast Cancer Through Activating Macrophages. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10749-10757. [PMID: 33132702 PMCID: PMC7592155 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s267984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saposhnikovia divaricata (SD) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat pain, inflammation, and arthritis. Recently, it has been reported that SD extract may inhibit tumor growth, but the mechanism involved is elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides derived from SD in breast cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods Polysaccharides isolated from SD were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Their effects on cell growth of U937, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231, and tumor growth in a mouse MDA-MB 231 xenograft model were examined. Their role in U937 activation, MCF-7, and MDA-MB 231 cytokine release profiles were also tested. Results In vitro studies showed that SD polysaccharides (SDPs) promoted U937 cell growth dose-dependently, with no obvious effect on growth of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. SDP also showed an antagonistic effect against the growth inhibition of U937 by the culture supernatants of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and reversed the polarization status of U937. Treatment of SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors with SDP significantly reduced tumor growth. At all tested concentrations, no obvious toxic side-effects were recorded. Discussion We tentatively concluded that SDPs potently promote the growth of U937 and activate it to inhibit the tumor growth of SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors indirectly, with no obvious growth inhibition effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in vitro. Our finding indicated that SDP could be a potential anticancer agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330025, China
| | - Yonghong Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330003, China
| | - Xiaoliu Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330025, China
| | - Qingge Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330025, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330025, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330025, China
| | - Wenbing Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330025, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330025, China
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Cao Y, Wang X, Jin T, Tian Y, Dai C, Widarma C, Song R, Xu F. Immune checkpoint molecules in natural killer cells as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:250. [PMID: 33122640 PMCID: PMC7596531 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy to treat multiple types of cancer. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that play essential roles in tumor surveillance and control that efficiently kill the tumor and do not require the major histocompatibility complex. The discovery of the NK's potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer is a relief to oncologists as they face the challenge of increased chemo-resistant cancers. NK cells show great potential against solid and hematologic tumors and have progressively shown promise as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. The effector role of these cells is reliant on the balance of inhibitory and activating signals. Understanding the role of various immune checkpoint molecules in the exhaustion and impairment of NK cells when their inhibitory receptors are excessively expressed is particularly important in cancer immunotherapy studies and clinical implementation. Emerging immune checkpoint receptors and molecules have been found to mediate NK cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment; this has brought up the need to explore further additional NK cell-related immune checkpoints that may be exploited to enhance the immune response to refractory cancers. Accordingly, this review will focus on the recent findings concerning the roles of immune checkpoint molecules and receptors in the regulation of NK cell function, as well as their potential application in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianqiang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Crystal Widarma
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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Abstract
Proteins succumb to numerous post-translational modifications (PTMs). These relate to enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions taking place in either the intracellular or extracellular compartment. While intracellular oxidative changes are mainly due to redox stress, extracellular PTMs may be induced in an inflammatory micro milieu that is rich in reactive species. The increasing recognition of oxidative modifications as a causing agent or side-effect of pathophysiological states and diseases puts oxidative PTMS (oxPTMs) into the spotlight of inflammation research. Pathological hyper-modification of proteins can lead to accumulation, aggregation, cell stress, altered antigenic peptides, and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-like recognition by host immunity. Such processes are linked to cardiovascular disease and autoinflammation. At the same time, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing inflammatory responses to oxPTMs may capitalize on new therapeutic routes for enhancing adaptive immune responses as needed, for instance, in oncology. We here summarize some of the latest developments of oxPTMs in disease diagnosis and therapy. Potential target proteins and upcoming technologies, such as gas plasmas, are outlined for future research that may aid in identifying the molecular basis of immunogenic vs. tolerogenic oxPTMs.
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Wu X, Hou P, Qiu Y, Wang Q, Lu X. Large-Scale Analysis Reveals the Specific Clinical and Immune Features of DGCR5 in Glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7531-7543. [PMID: 32801772 PMCID: PMC7402863 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long non-coding RNA DGCR5 plays different roles in different types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features, potential biological functions and prognostic significance of DGCR5 in glioma in a large-scale study. Materials and Methods A total of 697 RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 301 mRNA microarray data from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were enrolled in this study. R language was used as the main tool for statistical analysis and graphical work. Results DGCR5 showed a negative correlation with the WHO grade of malignancy in glioma. Specifically, DGCR5 expression was significantly decreased in GBM and IDH wild-type glioma. Gene ontology analysis showed that DGCR5 was predominantly enriched in immune-related biological processes. Additionally, DGCR5 showed a significant correlation with stromal and immune cell populations, inflammatory activities and immune checkpoints. Clinically, patients with low-expression level of DGCR5 exhibited a worse overall survival. Conclusion DGCR5 expression is downregulated in glioma, and low DGCR5 independently predicts worse prognosis in glioma patients. Moreover, DGCR5 is significantly associated with immune response and immune infiltration. These findings suggest that DGCR5 is a promising immunotherapy target and a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Yu X, Gao R, Li Y, Zeng C. Regulation of PD-1 in T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173240. [PMID: 32497624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Study of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer immune escape is one of the core issues in immuno-oncology research. Cancer cells can evade T cell cytotoxicity by exploiting the upregulation of T cell inhibitory receptors on T cells and their ligands on cancer cells. These upregulated proteins include the inhibitory receptor programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which can induce T cell exhaustion and reduce T cell activation. Characterizing PD-1 regulation will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying T cell exhaustion and improve cancer treatment. Recent studies have found that tumor cells regulate PD-1 during gene transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modification and influence the effects of the anticancer immune response by targeting PD-1. In this review,we summarize the mechanisms of PD-1 regulation in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rili Gao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Compagno D, Tiraboschi C, Garcia JD, Rondón Y, Corapi E, Velazquez C, Laderach DJ. Galectins as Checkpoints of the Immune System in Cancers, Their Clinical Relevance, and Implication in Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050750. [PMID: 32408492 PMCID: PMC7277089 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are small proteins with pleiotropic functions, which depend on both their lectin (glycan recognition) and non-lectin (recognition of other biomolecules besides glycans) interactions. Currently, 15 members of this family have been described in mammals, each with its structural and ligand recognition particularities. The galectin/ligand interaction translates into a plethora of biological functions that are particular for each cell/tissue type. In this sense, the cells of the immune system are highly sensitive to the action of these small and essential proteins. While galectins play central roles in tumor progression, they are also excellent negative regulators (checkpoints) of the immune cell functions, participating in the creation of a microenvironment that promotes tumor escape. This review aims to give an updated view on how galectins control the tumor’s immune attack depending on the tumor microenvironment, because determining which galectins are essential and the role they play will help to develop future clinical trials and benefit patients with incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Correspondence: or (D.C.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Carolina Tiraboschi
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
| | - José Daniel Garcia
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Yorfer Rondón
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Enrique Corapi
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Carla Velazquez
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Facultad de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego José Laderach
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Lujan 6700, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence: or (D.C.); (D.J.L.)
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Moritz J, Metelmann HR, Bekeschus S. Physical Plasma Treatment of Eight Human Cancer Cell Lines Demarcates Upregulation of CD112 as a Common Immunomodulatory Response Element. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2936790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yegin ZA, Can F, Aydın Kaynar L, Gökçen S, Eren Sadioğlu R, Özkurt ZN, Karacaoğlu Ö. Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels may have a predictive impact on transplant outcome in acute leukemia patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:125-133. [PMID: 32153257 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1738097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (TIM-3) is considered as a negative regulator of T-cell driven immune response. This study is planned to investigate the prognostic role of pre-transplant soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) levels in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Methods: Pre-transplant serum sTIM-3 levels were measured in 177 allo-HSCT recipients [median age: 36(16-66) years; male/female: 111/66]. Results: Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels were significantly higher in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients compared to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients (p = 0.01). Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels were significantly lower in patients with abnormal cytogenetics (p = 0.017). Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels were significantly higher in patients who developed viral hemorrhagic cystitis (p = 0.034). A positive correlation was demonstrated between sTIM-3 levels and acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) grade (p = 0.013; r = 0.299). Overall survival (OS) was not statistically different between low- and high-TIM-3 groups (%35.2 vs %20.4; p > 0.05). Primary diagnosis (p = 0.042), sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (p < 0.001), acute GvHD (p = 0.001), chronic GvHD (p = 0.009) and post-transplant relapse (p = 0.003) represented significant impact on OS. Discussion: Increased sTIM-3 levels in AML patients seem to be compatible with the previous reports. The inhibitor role of TIM-3 in cellular immune response may be a possible explanation for the association of sTIM-3 with viral infections and GvHD. However, the main challenge remains to be the ambiguous association of pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels and post-transplant complications, as allo-HSCT recipients are expected to represent donor genetic features in the post-transplant setting. Conclusion: Further studies are warranted to clarify the particular role of sTIM-3 in the allo-HSCT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Arzu Yegin
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Can
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lale Aydın Kaynar
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sanem Gökçen
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezzan Eren Sadioğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Nur Özkurt
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Karacaoğlu
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Development of a protein-based system for transient epigenetic repression of immune checkpoint molecule and enhancement of antitumour activity of natural killer cells. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:823-834. [PMID: 31959920 PMCID: PMC7078285 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy improved the prognosis of cancer patients, but general administration of ICBs occasionally induces side effects that include immune-related adverse events and tumour hyper-progression. Here, we established a protein-based system, by which endogenous expression of IC molecule in natural killer (NK) cells was transiently repressed on enhancement of their antitumour activity. Methods A protein-based genome modulator (GM) system is composed of a transcription activator-like effector (TALE), DNA methyltransferase and a newly identified potent cell-penetrating peptide with nuclear-trafficking property named NTP. TALE was designed to target the promoter region of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) gene. After culturing human NK cells in the presence of NTP-GM protein, we examined endogenous PD-1 expression and antitumour activity of the treated cells. Results NTP-GM protein efficiently downregulated PD-1 expression in NK cells with increased CpG DNA methylation in the promoter region. The antitumour activity of the treated NK cells was enhanced, and repeated intraperitoneal administrations of the treated NK cells attenuated tumour growth of programmed death-ligand 1-positive tumour cells in vivo. Conclusions Because the incorporated NTP-GM protein was quickly degraded and negligible in the administered NK cells, the NTP-GM system could be an alternative option of an ICB without side effects.
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Comparison of 22C3 PharmDx and SP263 Assays to Test PD-L1 Expression in NSCLC. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:663-666. [PMID: 30024424 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Menz BD, Johnson JL, Gillard DF, Chong W, Ward MB. The Role of the Pharmacist in Optimizing Cancer Immunotherapy: A Retrospective Study of Nivolumab Adverse Events. J Pharm Pract 2019; 34:386-396. [PMID: 33969772 DOI: 10.1177/0897190019872937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an emerging treatment in cancer therapy for prolonging life, minimizing symptoms, and selectively targeting cancer. Program death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, such as nivolumab, fall within this class, enabling the patient's immune system to detect and destroy cancer. The introduction of ICIs is changing cancer therapy, with new drugs and new toxicities-an evolving area encountered by pharmacists. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the pattern of nivolumab-induced adverse events observed in practice, when compared with clinical trial and literature data. The secondary aim of the study is to identify the presentation and treatment modalities initiated in practice. METHODS We performed a retrospective case note review across 2 South Australian hospitals to identify the common toxicities and symptomatic treatments experienced by patients receiving nivolumab. Results were compared with clinical trial data from product innovator Bristol-Myer Squib and other published literature. RESULTS Seventy patients were included in the study; of these, 60 (86%) experienced any grade adverse event(s). A total of 59 (84%) of 70 experienced mild to moderate grade 1 to grade 2 adverse events and 10 (14%) of 70 patients experienced severe grade 3 to grade 4 adverse events, displaying some consistencies with clinical trial and published literature data. Together, the prevalence of adverse events with details on presentation and treatments illustrates possible pharmacy practice strategies and areas for intervention. CONCLUSIONS The listed prevalence of adverse events and practice strategies identified throughout this study highlights how pharmacists may assist in the identification of predictable ICI toxicities associated with gastrointestinal, endocrine, dermatological toxicities, and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Menz
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 1067University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,375072Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Pharmacy, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,6677Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Flinders Medical Centre, SA Pharmacy, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacinta L Johnson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 1067University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,6677Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Flinders Medical Centre, SA Pharmacy, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Davina F Gillard
- 375072Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Pharmacy, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Chong
- 6677Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Flinders Medical Centre, SA Pharmacy, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael B Ward
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 1067University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,375072Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Pharmacy, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ahmad G, Mackenzie GG, Egan J, Amiji MM. DHA-SBT-1214 Taxoid Nanoemulsion and Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Combination Therapy Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in a Syngeneic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1961-1972. [PMID: 31439714 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate combination of a novel taxoid, DHA-SBT-1214 chemotherapy, in modulating immune checkpoint marker expression and ultimately in improving antibody-based checkpoint blockade therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DHA-SBT-1214 was encapsulated in an oil-in-water nanoemulsion and administered systemically in Panc02 syngeneic PDAC-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Following treatment with DHA-SBT-1214, expression levels of PD-L1 were measured and anti-PD-L1 antibody was administered in combination. The effects of combination therapy on efficacy and the molecular basis of synergistic effects were evaluated. PD-L1 expression was lower on Panc02 pancreatic tumor cells in vitro, which significantly increased after exposure to different chemotherapy drugs. Administration of DHA-SBT-1214, gemcitabine, and PD-L1 antibody alone failed to increase CD8+ T-cell infiltration inside tumors. However, combination of anti-PD-L1 therapy with a novel chemotherapy drug DHA-SBT-1214 in nanoemulsion (NE-DHA-SBT-1214) significantly enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and the therapeutic effects of the anti-PD-L1 antibody. Furthermore, in the Panc02 syngeneic model, the NE-DHA-SBT-1214 combination therapy group reduced tumor growth to a higher extend than paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane), gemcitabine, or single anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy groups. Our results indicate that NE-DHA-SBT-1214 stimulated immunogenic potential of PDAC and provided an enhanced therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Zhang Y, Fang C, Wang RE, Wang Y, Guo H, Guo C, Zhao L, Li S, Li X, Schultz PG, Cao YJ, Wang F. A tumor-targeted immune checkpoint blocker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15889-15894. [PMID: 31332018 PMCID: PMC6689898 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905646116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To direct checkpoint inhibition to the tumor microenvironment, while avoiding systemic immune activation, we have synthesized a bispecific antibody [norleucine4, d-Phe7]-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH)-antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 antibody (αPD-L1) by conjugating a melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog to the antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 to (αPD-L1) antibody avelumab. This bispecific antibody can bind to both the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and to PD-L1 expressed on melanoma cells and shows enhanced specific antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic B16-SIY melanoma mouse model compared with the parental antibody at a 5 mg/kg dose. Moreover, the bispecific antibody showed increased infiltrated T cells in the tumor microenvironment. These results suggest that a tumor-targeted PD-L1-blocking bispecific antibody could have a therapeutic advantage in vivo, especially when used in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Changming Fang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rongsheng E Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ying Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, 264209 Weihai, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, 264209 Weihai, China
| | - Peter G Schultz
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yu J Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China;
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Toor SM, Sasidharan Nair V, Decock J, Elkord E. Immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:1-12. [PMID: 31265893 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between immune checkpoints (ICs) and their ligands negatively regulate T cell activation pathways involved in physiological immune responses against specific antigens. ICs and their ligands are frequently upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of various malignancies, and they represent significant barriers for induction of effective anti-tumor immune responses. Several IC inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, with some currently in clinical trials and others have been approved for the treatment of different cancers. However, tumor cells are able to counteract the activity of ICIs and can commission additional inhibitory pathways via expression of other ICs/ligands within the TME. This review discusses the expression of various ICs/ligands in the TME and their impact on tumor immune evasion. Additionally, we discuss various regulatory mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic, and other modulatory factors including hypoxia and the presence of immunosuppressive populations in the TME, which result in upregulation of ICs in various cancers. Moreover, we discuss the prognostic significance of ICs and their ligands, and the potential strategies to enhance treatment responses to ICIs. This review aims to advance our current knowledge on the role of ICs in the TME and the clinical benefits of targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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