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Kirla H, Wu J, Hamzah J, Henry DJ. One-pot synthesis and covalent conjugation of methylene blue in mesoporous silica nanoparticles - A platform for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114195. [PMID: 39232478 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging clinical modality for diverse disease conditions, including cancer. This technique involves, the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species by a photosensitizer in the presence of light and oxygen. Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic dye with an ability to act as photosensitizing and bioimaging agent. The direct utilization of MB as photosensitizer for biological applications has often been impeded by its poor photostability and unwanted tissue interactions. Nanocarriers such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) provide an effective means of overcoming these limitations. However, the mere physical adsorption of the dye within the MSN can result in leakage, compromising the effectiveness of PDT. Therefore, in this work, we report the conjugation of MB into MSNs using novel MB-silane derivatives, namely MBS1 and MBS2, to create dye-doped and amine-functionalized MSNs (MBS1-AMSN and MBS2-AMSN). The PDT efficacy and bioimaging capability of these nanoparticles were compared with those of MSNs in which MB was non-covalently encapsulated (MB@AMSN). The synthesized nanoparticles, ultra-small in size (≤ 35 ± 4 nm) with monodispersity, exhibited enhanced fluorescence quantum yields. MBS1-AMSN demonstrated 70-fold increase, while MBS2-AMSN showed 33-fold improvement in fluorescence quantum yields compared to MB@AMSN at the same concentration. Covalent conjugation resulted in a 2-fold enhancement in the singlet oxygen quantum yield of the dye in MBS1-AMSN and 1.2-fold improvement in MBS2-AMSN, compared to non-covalent encapsulation. Assessment on RAW 264.7 macrophages revealed superior fluorescence in cell imaging for MBS1-AMSN, establishing it as a more efficient PDT agent compared to MBS2-AMSN and MB@AMSN. These findings suggest that MBS1-AMSN holds significant potential as a theranostic nanoplatform for image-guided PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Kirla
- Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Jiansha Wu
- Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Juliana Hamzah
- Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David J Henry
- Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia.
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Kazemi KS, Kazemi P, Mivehchi H, Nasiri K, Eshagh Hoseini SS, Nejati ST, Pour Bahrami P, Golestani S, Nabi Afjadi M. Photodynamic Therapy: A Novel Approach for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment with Focusing on Oral Cavity. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:25. [PMID: 39154015 PMCID: PMC11330087 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers, specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pose a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness and can result in adverse reactions. However, as an alternative, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising option for treating oral cancers. PDT involves using photosensitizing agents in conjunction with specific light to target and destroy cancer cells selectively. The photosensitizers accumulate in the cancer cells and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to the activating light, leading to cellular damage and ultimately cell death. PDT offers several advantages, including its non-invasive nature, absence of known long-term side effects when administered correctly, and cost-effectiveness. It can be employed as a primary treatment for early-stage oral cancers or in combination with other therapies for more advanced cases. Nonetheless, it is important to note that PDT is most effective for superficial or localized cancers and may not be suitable for larger or deeply infiltrating tumors. Light sensitivity and temporary side effects may occur but can be managed with appropriate care. Ongoing research endeavors aim to expand the applications of PDT and develop novel photosensitizers to further enhance its efficacy in oral cancer treatment. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT in treating oral cancers by analyzing a combination of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Sadat Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hassan Mivehchi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Shayan Golestani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang S, McCoy CP, Li P, Li Y, Zhao Y, Andrews GP, Wylie MP, Ge Y. Carbon Dots in Photodynamic/Photothermal Antimicrobial Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1250. [PMID: 39120355 PMCID: PMC11314369 DOI: 10.3390/nano14151250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents an escalating global challenge as conventional antibiotic treatments become less effective. In response, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising alternatives. While rooted in ancient practices, these methods have evolved with modern innovations, particularly through the integration of lasers, refining their efficacy. PDT harnesses photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are detrimental to microbial cells, whereas PTT relies on heat to induce cellular damage. The key to their effectiveness lies in the utilization of photosensitizers, especially when integrated into nano- or micron-scale supports, which amplify ROS production and enhance antimicrobial activity. Over the last decade, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a highly promising nanomaterial, attracting increasing attention owing to their distinctive properties and versatile applications, including PDT and PTT. They can not only function as photosensitizers, but also synergistically combine with other photosensitizers to enhance overall efficacy. This review explores the recent advancements in CDs, underscoring their significance and potential in reshaping advanced antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin P. McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.W.)
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Chan AS, Chan AJ, Chan A, Armati P. Successful Intentional Replantation of a Severely Compromised Tooth Using 3 Types of Phototherapy: A Case Report. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:488-492. [PMID: 38700573 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Intentional replantation (IR) is an emerging and cost-effective last-resort treatment for persistent apical periodontitis. Adjunctive phototherapy for IR aims to improve the management of challenging cases by enhancing disinfection, stimulating healing and promoting regeneration. Objective: We report a novel phototherapy-assisted IR protocol conducted on a compromised lateral incisor with an extensive periapical infection (Ø > 10 mm) in a 68-year-old diabetic male. Methods: The IR protocol involved pre- and postoperative photobiomodulation (660 nm, 0.2 J/cm2, 60 sec/site), antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of the root surface (660 nm, 0.6 J/cm2, 30 sec, methylene blue photosensitizer), and Er:YAG root and socket debridement (2940 nm, 21 J/cm2, 30 sec). The total time from extraction to replantation was 14 min 35 sec. Results: The tooth at 3.5-year follow-up remained clinically functional with radiographic resolution of the infection indicating a successful reimplantation. Conclusions: This case report demonstrated that an adjunctive phototherapy IR protocol can effectively treat a compromised tooth with extensive periapical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Simon Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Jonathan Chan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ambrose Chan
- Brain and Mind Centre, Neuroinflammation Group, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patricia Armati
- Brain and Mind Centre, Neuroinflammation Group, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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M D, T N U, Eswaramoorthy R. In Vitro Exploration of Dark Cytotoxicity of Anthocyanin-Curcumin Combination, A Herbal Photosensitizer. Cureus 2024; 16:e56714. [PMID: 38646222 PMCID: PMC11032689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy can be used to treat a variety of lesions noninvasively, including oral cancer. High-power laser therapy has also been used to treat oral squamous cell carcinomas. The two main components of photodynamic treatment are the photosensitizer and the light source. Herbal formulations of photosensitizers are used to mask the disadvantages of other photosensitizers. METHODOLOGY A methanol-diluted 25 grams of Punica granatum was used to create an anthocyanin extract using the flash evaporation method. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the first dilution agent for curcumin; later further dilution was done with distilled water. Following that, MCF-7 cells (a cancer cell line) were cultured with the produced samples, and the mono-tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay was used to determine the vitality of the cells. RESULTS Cell reduction was significantly evident in all three groups, but the most significant cell death was found in the anthocyanin-curcumin group, at 29%. CONCLUSION The combination of anthocyanin-curcumin has one of the photophysical properties (dark cytotoxicity) and hence can aid as a photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya M
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Umamaheswari T N
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Hammond RJH, De Avellar ML. Investigating Photoactive Antimicrobials as Alternatives (or Adjuncts) to Traditional Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2833:51-56. [PMID: 38949700 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3981-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established therapy used for the treatment of cutaneous skin cancers and other non-infective ailments. There has been recent interest in the opportunity to use aPDT (antimicrobial PDT) to treat skin and soft tissue infections. PDT utilizes photosensitizers that infiltrate all cells and "sensitize" them to a given wavelength of light. The photosensitizer is simply highly absorbent to a given wavelength of light and when excited will produce, in the presence of oxygen, damaging oxygen radicals and singlet oxygen. Bacterial cells are comparatively poor at combatting oxidative stress when compared with human cells therefore a degree of selective toxicity can be achieved with aPDT.In this chapter, we outline methodologies for testing aPDT in vitro using standard lab equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J H Hammond
- Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
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Taldaev A, Terekhov R, Nikitin I, Melnik E, Kuzina V, Klochko M, Reshetov I, Shiryaev A, Loschenov V, Ramenskaya G. Methylene blue in anticancer photodynamic therapy: systematic review of preclinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1264961. [PMID: 37841915 PMCID: PMC10568458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1264961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Methylene blue has a long history of clinical application. Thanks to phenothiazine chromophore, it has potential in photodynamic anticancer therapy. In spite of the growing body of literature that has evaluated the action of this dye on different types of cancer, the systematic understanding of this problem is still lacking. Therefore, this systematic review was performed to study the efficacy of methylene blue in photodynamic anticancer therapy. Methods: This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022368738). Articles for the systematic review were identified through the PubMed database. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool was used to assess the studies. The results of systematic analysis are presented as narrative synthesis. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and these full texts were reviewed. In the selected articles, the dosage of dye infusion ranged from 0.04 to 24.12 mg/kg. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue against different types of cancer was confirmed by a decrease in tumor sizes in seven articles. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review support the suggestions that photodynamic therapy with methylene blue helps against different types of cancer, including colorectal tumor, carcinoma, and melanoma. In cases of nanopharmaceutics use, a considerable increase of anticancer therapy effectiveness was observed. The further research into methylene blue in photodynamic anticancer therapy is needed. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=368738), identifier (CRD42022368738).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taldaev
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Roman Terekhov
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Nikitin
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Melnik
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Kuzina
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Klochko
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Reshetov
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Hospital No. 1, Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Shiryaev
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Hospital No. 1, Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Loschenov
- Department of Laser Micro-Nano and Biotechnology, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Ramenskaya
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Pivetta TP, Jochelavicius K, Wrobel EC, Balogh DT, Oliveira ON, Ribeiro PA, Raposo M. Incorporation of acridine orange and methylene blue in Langmuir monolayers mimicking releasing nanostructures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184156. [PMID: 37031871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of methylene blue (MB) and acridine orange (AO) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increased if encapsulated in liposomes. In this paper we determine the molecular-level interactions between MB or AO and mixed monolayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG) and cholesterol (CHOL) using surface pressure isotherms and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). To increase liposome stability, the effects from adding the surfactants Span® 80 and sodium cholate were also studied. Both MB and AO induce an expansion in the mixed monolayer, but this expansion is less significant in the presence of either Span® 80 or sodium cholate. The action of AO and MB occurred via coupling with phosphate groups of DPPC or DPPG. However, the levels of chain ordering and hydration of carbonyl and phosphate in headgroups depended on the photosensitizer and on the presence of Span® 80 or sodium cholate. From the PM-IRRAS spectra, we inferred that incorporation of MB and AO increased hydration of the monolayer headgroup, except for the case of the monolayer containing sodium cholate. This variability in behaviour offers an opportunity to tune the incorporation of AO and MB into liposomes which could be exploited in the release necessary for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais P Pivetta
- CEFITEC, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Karen Jochelavicius
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ellen C Wrobel
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Debora T Balogh
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Phototoxic Potential of Different DNA Intercalators for Skin Cancer Therapy: In Vitro Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065602. [PMID: 36982675 PMCID: PMC10054552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of several diseases, including some types of cancer. It is based on photosensitizer molecules, which, in the presence of oxygen and light, lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent cell death. The selection of the photosensitizer molecule is important for the therapy efficiency; therefore, many molecules such as dyes, natural products and metallic complexes have been investigated regarding their photosensitizing potential. In this work, the phototoxic potential of the DNA-intercalating molecules—the dyes methylene blue (MB), acridine orange (AO) and gentian violet (GV); the natural products curcumin (CUR), quercetin (QT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); and the chelating compounds neocuproine (NEO), 1,10-phenanthroline (PHE) and 2,2′-bipyridyl (BIPY)—were analyzed. The cytotoxicity of these chemicals was tested in vitro in non-cancer keratinocytes (HaCaT) and squamous cell carcinoma (MET1) cell lines. A phototoxicity assay and the detection of intracellular ROS were performed in MET1 cells. Results revealed that the IC50 values of the dyes and curcumin in MET1 cells were lower than 30 µM, while the values for the natural products QT and EGCG and the chelating agents BIPY and PHE were higher than 100 µM. The IC50 of MB and AO was greatly affected by irradiation when submitted to 640 nm and 457 nm light sources, respectively. ROS detection was more evident for cells treated with AO at low concentrations. In studies with the melanoma cell line WM983b, cells were more resistant to MB and AO and presented slightly higher IC50 values, in line with the results of the phototoxicity assays. This study reveals that many molecules can act as photosensitizers, but the effect depends on the cell line and the concentration of the chemical. Finally, significant photosensitizing activity of acridine orange at low concentrations and moderate light doses was demonstrated.
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Waglewska E, Maliszewska I, Bazylińska U. Antimicrobial phyto-photodynamic activity inducing by polyphenol-supported Methylene Blue co-loaded into multifunctional bilosomes: Advanced hybrid nanoplatform in the skin infections treatment? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 240:112650. [PMID: 36701884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Widespread skin infections caused primarily by bacteria and yeast, pose a growing threat to healthcare systems. Phyto-photodynamic antimicrobial therapy is a promising treatment strategy with a few mild side effects for both superficial and deeper skin infections. The combination of natural plant products (polyphenols) with conventional photosensitizers makes it possible to improve the outcome of skin infections. In the present study, nanoengineered self-assembling bilosomes were used as a nanoplatform to deliver two compounds with different solubility, i.e., curcumin applied as a hydrophobic phytochemical compound and Methylene Blue used as a hydrophilic photosensitizer. Compared with the encapsulation of Methylene Blue alone, the double-loaded bilosomes (curcumin-supported Methylene Blue) showed higher efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species. Importantly, in our study, we also confirmed that bioinspired bilosomes prevent the rapid photobleaching of Methylene Blue, thereby enhancing its photoactivity. The post-irradiation antimicrobial action was tested against two pathogens - the Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and yeast (Candida albicans). The irradiation was provided after 10, 20, and 30 min, at a specific wavelength (λ = 640 nm) corresponding to 63, 126, and 189 J cm-2 energy fluences. The most effective reduction in the microbial cells number was found 30 min post-irradiation and was 99.994% for double-loaded bilosomes compared to 99.989% killing S. aureus for bilosomes with Methylene Blue alone. For C. albicans fungal cells, the mortality was 99.669% in the presence of a Methylene Blue and curcumin mixture compared to 98.229% of those killed without the addition of curcumin. The overall results of our contribution provide evidence that curcumin in combination with MB enhances the photo-eradication efficiency of S. aureus and C. albicans planktonic cultures. Thus, the mixture of the phytochemicals with photosensitizers and their encapsulation in multifunctional bilosomes may contribute to the development of innovative antimicrobial phyto-photodynamic therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Waglewska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Irena Maliszewska
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Bazylińska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Verma AH, Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Dual-Purpose 3D-Silica Nanostructure Matrix for Rapid Epigenetic Reprogramming of Tumor Cell to Cancer Stem Cell Spheroid. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2200798. [PMID: 36424183 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare subpopulation responsible for tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, are difficult to characterize and isolate. Conventional method of growing CSCs takes up to 2-8 weeks inhibiting the rate of research. Therefore, rapid reprogramming (RR) of tumor cells into CSCs is crucial to accelerate the stem cell oncology research. The current RR techniques cannot be utilized for CSC RR due to many limitations posed due to isolation requirements resulting in loss of vital data. Hence, a technique that can induce CSC RR without the need for isolation procedures is needed. Here, fabrication of a 3D-silica nanostructured extracellular matrix for RR and in situ monitoring is reported. The RR is tested using three preclinical cancer models. The 3D matrix and a zeta potential study confirm an intense material-cellular interaction resulting in the enhanced expressions of surface and epigenetic biomarkers. Cancer cells require only 3-day period to form CSC spheroids with 3D-silica extracellular matrix. Real-time single-cell monitoring of the methylene blue-induced photodynamic demonstrates the dual functionality. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a CSC epigenetic reprogramming using nanostructures. These findings may pave the path for accelerating the stem cell research in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Hiresha Verma
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Rupa Haldavnekar
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-characterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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do Amaral SR, Amantino CF, De Annunzio SR, de Paula AV, Fontana CR, Primo FL. Advanced methylene blue - nanoemulsions for in vitro photodynamic therapy on oral and cervical human carcinoma. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3443-3450. [PMID: 35819661 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality with high contributions in the treatment of cancer. This approach is based on photophysical principles, which presents as a less invasive strategy than conventional therapies. Combined with nanotechnology, the therapy becomes more efficient because nanoparticles (NPs) have advantageous characteristics such as biocompatibility, controlled, and targeted release, promoting solubility and decreasing the toxicity and side effects involved. In this work were developed nanoemulsions containing the methylene blue photosensitizer (MB) (MB/NE) and in the empty form (unloaded/NE). Subsequently, the mentioned nanomaterials were characterized by the measurement of dynamic light scattering (DLS). The MB/NE and unloaded/NE showed appropriate physical and chemical characteristics, with particle size ≤ 200 nm, polydispersity index close to 0.3, and zeta potential exhibiting negative charge, showing stable values during the analysis. The incorporation of the MB did not cause changes in the photophysical profile of the photosensitizer. The quantification performed showed an incorporation rate of 81.9%. Viability studies showed an absence of cytotoxicity for MB/NE in the concentrations of 10-75 µmol·L-1, free MB at the concentration of 75 µmol·L-1, and unloaded NE 47.5% (v/v), presenting viability close to 90%, respectively. PDT in vitro protocols applied to OSCC and HeLa cells showed a decrease in cell viability through only one irradiation, evidencing the photodynamic activity of the formulation when applied to cancer cells. The results obtained were superior to those found in the literature where they use free MB, showing that the association between nanotechnology and PDT optimizes the proposed protocol. From the results obtained, it is possible to indicate that the NE have high stability, with satisfactory physical-chemical parameters, in addition to not presenting cytotoxicity in the tested concentrations, showing their in vitro biocompatibility, in addition to presenting satisfactory effects when combined MB/NE with PDT, showing the potential of MB/NE as a very promising nanostructured photosensitizer for the treatment of some types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie R do Amaral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Camila F Amantino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Sarah R De Annunzio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Analysis Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ariela V de Paula
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Carla R Fontana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Analysis Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Primo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
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Pinto MAF, Ferreira CBR, de Lima BES, Molon ÂC, Ibarra AMC, Cecatto RB, Dos Santos Franco AL, Rodrigues MFSD. Effects of 5-ALA mediated photodynamic therapy in oral cancer stem cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112552. [PMID: 36088836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PDT using the photosensitizer 5-aminoulevulinic acid (5-ALA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) behavior, mainly regarding its role on the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes and in maintenance of the stem cell properties. Two OSCC cell lines were used and divided in the groups: Control, 5-ALA, LED 6 J/cm2 and PDT. MTT and Neutral red assays were used to access cellular viability, cell migration was evaluated by the wound healing assay. The stem cell phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate the CD44high/ESAhigh, CD44high/ESAlow and CD44low populations, by the clonogenic and tumor sphere formation assays as well as by RT-qPCR. The presence of Protoporphyrin IX in each CSC fraction was evaluated by flow cytometry. The OSCC cell lines showed a significant decrease in cell viability and migration after PDT. The percentage of CD44high/ESAhigh cells decreased after PDT, which was associated with an increase in the CD44low cells and with a functional decrease in the colony and sphere formation capacity. CD44high/ESAhigh cells showed increased PpIX, which contributed for their greater sensitivity to PDT. INV gene increased significantly after PDT, indicating cellular differentiation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that 5-ALA mediated PDT decreases not only the fraction of oral CSC but also their functional capabilities, inducing their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cássia Bosi Ribeiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Evelyn Santos de Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ângela Cristina Molon
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Melissa Coppa Ibarra
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Boltes Cecatto
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
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Le MN, Wuertz BR, Biel MA, Thompson RL, Ondrey FG. Effects of methylene blue photodynamic therapy on oral carcinoma and leukoplakia cells. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:982-987. [PMID: 36000031 PMCID: PMC9392394 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methylene blue (MB) is a readily available and affordable substrate that can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The objective of this study was to determine if PDT with MB can downregulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) related to oral carcinoma. Methods Cell cultures of oral squamous cell carcinoma (CA-9-22), oral leukoplakia (MSK-Leuk1), and immortalized keratinocytes (Rhek-1A) were photosensitized with MB and treated with PDT. MMP-9 gene expression was interrogated via qRT-PCR. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to confirm the efficacy of MB PDT. Results MMP-9 gene expression was found to be significantly decreased in oral carcinoma, leukoplakia, and immortalized keratinocytes with use of MB PDT. Conclusion This work demonstrates that MB-mediated PDT can downregulate MMPs which are critical to the invasion and metastasis of oral cancer. These results suggest that MB PDT could be a clinically significant and cost-effective treatment for oral leukoplakia and carcinoma. Level of Evidence NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina N. Le
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Beverly R. Wuertz
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Merrill A. Biel
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Rachel L. Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Frank G. Ondrey
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Abdelgwad M, Sabry D, Mohamed Abdelgawad L, Mohamed Elroby Ali D. In Vitro Differential Sensitivity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Cisplatin, Silver Nanoparticles, and Photodynamic Therapy. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:224-237. [PMID: 36164632 PMCID: PMC9455178 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be correlated with the degree of dysplasia of cancer tissues. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cisplatin, silver nanoparticles (AgNps), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methylene blue (MB) photosensitizer on Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma - cell line (HNSCC), Hep-2, through genes expression. METHODS Hep-2 cells were divided into four groups: group I as control and without any treatment, group II and III were treated by cisplatin and AgNps, respectively, and group IV were incubated with MB for four minutes followed by PDT using laser irradiation at 650 nm for 8 minutes. The resulting toxicity was assessed in cell lines using MTT cytotoxicity assay. Further, apoptosis and the response to treatment was examined via RT-qPCR. RESULTS MB-PDT inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. Following PDT, compared with AgNps cells and via MTT assay, a highly significant decrease was observed in cell proliferation in Cancer cells treated with AgNps and MB- PDT groups compared to cancer group cells and cancer cells treated with Cisplatin (p value< 0.001). Mechanistically, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Cyclin-D, HIF-1, IL-8, MAPK-38, and ROS were found to be down regulated in Hep-2 cell line after MB-PDT. DISCUSSION MB-PDT effectively killed Hep-2 cells in vitro, however, under the same conditions, the susceptibilities of the cell line to cisplatin, AgNps, and MB-PDT were different. Further studies are necessary to confirm whether this difference is present in clinical oral cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdelgwad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt.
| | - Latifa Mohamed Abdelgawad
- Medical applications of lasers Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Mohamed Elroby Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt.
- Biochemistry and molecular biology Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Suhag university, Suhag, Egypt.
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Lee AL, Hsieh HY, Chen YY, Tsai LH, Wey SL, Chen DS, Chen YJ, Young TH. Novel Application of Photo-Crosslinked Urocanic-Acid-Modified Chitosan in Corneal Wounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2016-2027. [PMID: 35412808 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the use of tissue adhesives in corneal perforation has gained immense popularity in clinical practices. The present study aimed to devise a new application of urocanic-acid-modified chitosan (CS) with methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer for the development of a photo-crosslinked tissue adhesive. In particular, the curing time was controlled with the aid of a 650 nm red diode. Under the same irradiation condition, the mechanical properties were tuned using the photosensitizer at different concentrations. In vitro tests revealed that the gel was ductile and biocompatible. The application of the gel to a perforated cornea model stopped the leakage of aqueous humor, immediately after the gel was photo-crosslinked. The blue appearance of the gel provided high precision when applied to corneal wounds. Importantly, the crosslinked gel became transparent within 24 h, owing to the dissipation of MB from tears, and the gel spontaneously sloughed off without artificial removal. Altogether, the study reported the development of a novel photo-crosslinkable urocanic-acid-modified CS gel that exhibited significant potential to be utilized in the healing of corneal perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Li Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Li Wey
- Department of Pathology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Shi Chen
- Translational Cell Biology and Neurooncology Laboratory, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (UKER), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Kahalian S, Koopaie M, Hakimiha N, Kolahdooz S. Assessment of the methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy on BCL2 and BAX genes expression at mRNA level and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:221-228. [DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e60825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells by flow cytometry and evaluating BAX and BCL2 genes expression.
Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, human HNSCC cell line (HN5; NCBI. C196) was used and after cell culture, they were divided into four groups: controls (group C), cells irradiated by a diode laser with a wavelength of 660 nm, 150 mW power, and 45 J/cm2 energy density (group L), cells treated by methylene blue (group MB), and cells treated using PDT (group MB plus L). The RNA was then extracted and subjected to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess BCL2 and BAX genes expression. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess apoptosis. Data were analysed using ANOVA.
Results: PDT caused significant down-regulation of BCL2 (p<0.001) and significant overexpression of BAX (p<0.05) and PDT induced apoptosis HNSCC cell line. Changes in expression of these genes were not significant in other groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Considering the down-regulation of BCL2 and overexpression of BAX after PDT using a 660-nm diode laser and MB with 3.2 µg/mL concentration and flow cytometry results, it is suggested that this modality can be introduced for induction of apoptosis in the HNSCC cell line.
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Lee S, Kim JW, Park J, Na HK, Kim DH, Noh JH, Ryu DS, Park JM, Park JH, Jung HY, Na K. Photodynamic Methylene Blue-Embedded Intragastric Satiety-Inducing Device to Treat Obesity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17621-17630. [PMID: 35383461 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for weight recidivism, and endoscopic bariatric treatment has been developed for a similar effect without anatomical modification. An intragastric satiety-inducing device (ISD) is a minimally invasive approach to induce satiety by continuously pressing the stomach and stimulating ghrelin-producing cells. To enhance the therapeutic effects of ISD, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be combined by generating singlet oxygen under laser irradiation. Methylene blue (MB), as a photosensitizer (PS), was coated on the ISD surface for singlet oxygen production to stimulate or destroy cells. Ghrelin-producing cells effectively inhibited ghrelin secretion and induced gastrointestinal satiety signals compared with the MB-uncoated device via PDT. Herein, MB-embedded ISDs were developed, and their photoresponsive abilities were demonstrated in the device itself and in vitro. PDT with an MB-embedded ISD was successfully performed in a porcine model, which had 2-fold reduced body weight gain (12% in PDT vs 24% in control) and 2-fold reduced ghrelin levels (21.2 pg/mL in PDT vs 45.1 pg/mL in control) at the first week postprocedure. The simple and unique operation extends the point of view in PDT and is expected to be a novel endoscopic bariatric therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyong Na
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Noh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Ryu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
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Shin YY, Seo Y, Oh SJ, Ahn JS, Song MH, Kang MJ, Oh JM, Lee D, Kim YH, Sung ES, Kim HS. Melatonin and verteporfin synergistically suppress the growth and stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12779. [PMID: 34826168 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has continued to rise for decades. However, drug resistance to chemotherapeutics and relapse, mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs), remains a significant impediment in clinical oncology to achieve successful treatment. Therefore, we focused on analyzing CSCs in HNSCC and demonstrated the effect of melatonin (Mel) and verteporfin (VP) on SCC-25 cells. HNSCC CSCs were enriched in the reactive oxygen species-low state and in sphere-forming cultures. Combination treatment with Mel and VP decreased HNSCC viability and increased apoptosis without causing significant damage to normal cells. Sphere-forming ability and stem cell population were reduced by co-treatment with Mel and VP, while mitochondrial ROS level was increased by the treatment. Furthermore, the expression of mitophagy markers, parkin and PINK1, was significantly decreased in the co-treated cells. Mel and VP induced mitochondrial depolarization and inhibited mitochondrial function. Parkin/TOM20 was localized near the nucleus and formed clusters of mitochondria in the cells after treatment. Moreover, Mel and VP downregulated the expression of markers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The migration capacity of cells was significantly decreased by co-treatment with Mel and VP, accompanied by the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that co-treatment with Mel and VP induces mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in the apoptosis of CSCs. Mel and VP could thus be further investigated as potential therapies for HNSCC through their action on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Young Shin
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yoojin Seo
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Ahn
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Min-Hye Song
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eui-Suk Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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20
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Hampden-Martin A, Fothergill J, El Mohtadi M, Chambers L, Slate AJ, Whitehead KA, Shokrollahi K. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy coupled with the use of the photosensitizers methylene blue and temoporfin as a potential novel treatment for Staphylococcus aureus in burn infections. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000273. [PMID: 34816092 PMCID: PMC8604179 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a novel alternative antimicrobial therapy that elicits a broad mechanism of action and therefore has a low probability of generating resistance. Such properties make PACT ideally suited for utilization in localized applications such as burn wounds. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of MB and temoporfin against both a S. aureus isolate and a P. aeruginosa isolate in light (640 nm) and dark conditions at a range of time points (0–20 min). A Staphylococcus aureus isolate and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate were treated in vitro with methylene blue (MB) and temoporfin under different conditions following exposure to light at 640 nm and in no-light (dark) conditions. Bacterial cell viability [colony-forming units (c.f.u.) ml−1] was then calculated. Against P. aeruginosa, when MB was used as the photosensitizer, no phototoxic effect was observed in either light or dark conditions. After treatment with temoporfin, a reduction of less than one log (7.00×107 c.f.u. ml−1) was observed in the light after 20 min of exposure. However, temoporfin completely eradicated S. aureus in both light and dark conditions after 1 min (where a seven log reduction in c.f.u. ml−1 was observed). Methylene blue resulted in a loss of S. aureus viability, with a two log reduction in bacterial viability (c.f.u. ml−1) reported in both light and dark conditions after 20 min exposure time. Temoporfin demonstrated greater antimicrobial efficacy than MB against both the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates tested. At 12.5 µM temoporfin resulted in complete eradication of S. aureus. In light of this study, further research into the validity of PACT, coupled with the photosensitizers (such as temoporfin), should be conducted in order to potentially develop alternative antimicrobial treatment regimes for burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Fothergill
- Institute of Infection and Global Heath, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohamed El Mohtadi
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Lucy Chambers
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony J Slate
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Kayvan Shokrollahi
- Mersey Regional Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit, Whiston Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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21
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Bai H, Wang G, Hu X, Kumar S, Min R. Biocompatible and Biodegradable Polymer Optical Fiber for Biomedical Application: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:472. [PMID: 34940229 PMCID: PMC8699361 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses recent advances in biocompatible and biodegradable polymer optical fiber (POF) for medical applications. First, the POF material and its optical properties are summarized. Then, several common optical fiber fabrication methods are thoroughly discussed. Following that, clinical applications of biocompatible and biodegradable POFs are discussed, including optogenetics, biosensing, drug delivery, and neural recording. Following that, biomedical applications expanded the specific functionalization of the material or fiber design. Different research or clinical applications necessitate the use of different equipment to achieve the desired results. Finally, the difficulty of implanting flexible fiber varies with its flexibility. We present our article in a clear and logical manner that will be useful to researchers seeking a broad perspective on the proposed topic. Overall, the content provides a comprehensive overview of biocompatible and biodegradable POFs, including previous breakthroughs, as well as recent advancements. Biodegradable optical fibers have numerous applications, opening up new avenues in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Y.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yu Huang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Y.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hongyi Bai
- College of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Microelectronics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Xuehao Hu
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Rui Min
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Y.W.); (Y.H.)
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22
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Lim DJ. Methylene Blue-Based Nano and Microparticles: Fabrication and Applications in Photodynamic Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3955. [PMID: 34833254 PMCID: PMC8618133 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) has been used in the textile industry since it was first extracted by the German chemist Heinrich Caro. Its pharmacological properties have also been applied toward the treatment of certain diseases such as methemoglobinemia, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and thyroid conditions requiring surgery. Recently, the utilization of MB as a safe photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received attention. Recent findings demonstrate that photoactivated MB exhibits not only anticancer activity but also antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, due to the hydrophilic nature of MB, it is difficult to create MB-embedded nano- or microparticles capable of increasing the clinical efficacy of the PDT. This review aims to summarize fabrication techniques for MB-embedded nano and microparticles and to provide both in vitro and in vivo examples of MB-mediated PDT, thereby offering a future perspective on improving this promising clinical treatment modality. We also address examples of MB-mediated PDT in both cancer and infection treatments. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies are summarized here to document recent trends in utilizing MB as an effective photosensitizer in PDT. Lastly, we discuss how developing efficient MB-carrying nano- and microparticle platforms would be able to increase the benefits of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0012, USA
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23
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The use of topical ALA-photodynamic therapy combined with induction chemotherapy for locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:103112. [PMID: 34214712 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Platinum-based induction chemotherapy (ICT) confers benefits in suitable patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Additionally, the application of a proper local approach can not only promote the survival quality and alleviate the suffering, but also improve the resectability in patients with advanced malignant tumor. 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a promising minimally invasive therapy and has shown good efficacy in the treatment of patients bearing precancerous lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of topical ALA-PDT synchronized with ICT in locally advanced OSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study described the application of topical ALA-PDT combined with TPF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil) ICT in eleven patients treated due to locally advanced in the oral cavity. Patients qualified for this type of local treatment had cancerous lesions located on the surface of the gum or oral mucosa. The efficacy was evaluated based on the clinical response and complications of the patients. RESULTS All patients were treated with four courses (bi-weekly) of ALA-PDT with three courses of TPF containing ICT. After treatment, the overall response rate was 90.9%. Then ten patients with surgery experienced radical surgery alone or combined with radiotherapy except a patient with serious heart condition. In the follow-up period of 26-43 months (median duration of 34.1 months), no local recurrence was observed in cases. Only one patient (9.1%) died of unrelated myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION Topical ALA-PDT proved to be a safe treatment in OSCC patients with locally advanced sites, which could be an appropriate addition to ICT. Despite the short observation period and small sample size, it seems justified to conduct prospective studies for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of topical ALA-PDT synchronized with ICT followed by surgery.
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24
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Lee TH, Liu Y, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Song HH, Shim YK, Lee WK, Yoon I. Mitochondrial Targeting Cationic Purpurinimide–Polyoxometalate Supramolecular Complexes for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy with Reduced Dark Toxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heon Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeob Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Song
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yoon
- Center for Nano Manufacturing and Department of Nanoscience and Engineering Inje University 197 Injero Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
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25
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Oliveira BSAD, de Assis ACC, Souza NM, Ferreira LFR, Soriano RN, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Nanotherapeutic approach to tackle chemotherapeutic resistance of cancer stem cells. Life Sci 2021; 279:119667. [PMID: 34087280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estimates indicate that cancer will become the leading cause of mortality worldwide in the future. Tumorigenesis is a complex process that involves self-sufficiency in signs of growth, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, prevention of apoptosis, unlimited replication, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have an important role in tumor development and resistance. Here we will approach phenotypic plasticity capacity, highly efficient DNA repair systems, anti-apoptotic machinery, sustained stemness features, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, and Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. The researches about CSCs as a target in cancer treatment has been growing. Many different options have pointed beneficial results, such as pathways and CSC-surface markers targeting. Besides its limitations, nanotherapeutics have emerged as a potential strategy in this context since they aim to improve pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and reduce the side effects observed in traditional treatments. Nanoparticles have been studied in this field, mostly for drug delivery and a multitherapy approach. Another widely researched approaches in this area are related to heat therapy, such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and magnetic hyperthermia, besides molecular targeting. This review will contemplate the most relevant studies that have shown the effects of nanotherapeutics. In conclusion, although the studies analyzed are mostly preclinical, we believe that there is strong evidence that nanoparticles can increase the chances of a better prognosis to cancer in the future. It is also essential to transpose these findings to the clinic to confirm and better understand the role of nanotherapeutics in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Stefane Alves de Oliveira
- Undergradute student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Correa de Assis
- Undergradute student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Souza
- Undergradute student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35010-177, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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26
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Turchiello RF, Oliveira CS, Fernandes AU, Gómez SL, Baptista MS. Methylene blue-mediated Photodynamic Therapy in human retinoblastoma cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 222:112260. [PMID: 34304071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retinal precursor cells and one of the rarest types of pediatric tumor, often occurring in the earliest years of life. Symptoms are conditioned by tumor size and location; one of the most recurrent symptoms is a white reflex in the pupillary area, called leukocoria or cat's eye reflex. In the present work, we studied the in vitro effectiveness of Photodynamic treatment (Pdt) in two types of human retinoblastoma, Y79 and WERI-Rb cell lines, using methylene blue (MB), a photosensitizer (PS) from the phenothiazine group. The two cell lines were incubated with varying concentrations of MB (3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50 μM), in the absence of light (dark cytotoxicity) and, in the presence of 664 nm laser light (phototoxicity) with fluences of 1, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 J/cm2. The Y79 cell line showed higher cellular uptake values for MB than the WERI-Rb cell line. After three hours of incubation, the Y79 and WERI-Rb took up 48% and 34% of the total photosensitizer present in the medium, respectively. Using MTT assay, the results showed that the Y79 cell line was more affected by the photo treatment as demonstrated by the combination of MB concentration and light doses compared with WERI-Rb cell line. The results were correlated with the more pronounced singlet oxygen emission observed in Y79 cells. While MB does show efficacy for eradication of retinoblastoma in vitro, only studies in appropriate animal models will reveal whether the selectivity of photokilling at tolerable drug and light doses is sufficient to suggest clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Turchiello
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
| | - C S Oliveira
- Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - S L Gómez
- Department of Physics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - M S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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27
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Yousefi Sadeghloo A, Khorsandi K, Kianmehr Z. Synergistic effect of photodynamic treatment and doxorubicin on triple negative breast cancer cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 19:1580-1589. [PMID: 33030191 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a metastatic cancer that can spread to other organs, such as the bone, liver, and brain. There are many treatments for breast cancer, such as surgery and chemotherapy, but they lead to resistance and side effects. Therefore, the discovery of new therapies with high efficacy and low toxicity that selectively affect cancer cells is of great importance. Of late, the combination therapy has been suggested as a novel approach compared to existing treatments. In the present study, the effect of the combined treatment of doxorubicin (DOX) and methylene blue activated in the presence of laser irradiation (PDT) on triple-negative breast cancer cells has been investigated. Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was exposed to different concentrations of DOX, methylene blue (MB) and DOX-methylene blue (MB-DOX) combination therapy in two different conditions: first the treatment with DOX and then with MB-PDT, and another treatment first with MB-PDT and then with DOX. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Morphological and colonization changes were observed by light microscopy. The occurrence of apoptotic cell death was assessed by double-staining ethidium bromide-acridine orange using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The results showed that the combination of using MB-PDT, followed by DOX (even at low concentrations), has a better effect on inducing cancer cell death in comparison to DOX alone. The result of this study suggests that the combination therapy of MB-PDT-DOX can be used as a potential strategy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Yousefi Sadeghloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. z.kianmehr@.ut.ac.ir
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. z.kianmehr@.ut.ac.ir and Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Kianmehr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. z.kianmehr@.ut.ac.ir
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28
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de Souza BTL, Klosowski EM, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Mantovanelli GC, Mewes JM, Bizerra PFV, da Silva FSI, Menezes PVMDC, Gilglioni EH, Utsunomiya KS, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, Caetano W, de Souza Pereira PC, Gonçalves RS, Constantin J, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Constantin RP. The photosensitiser azure A disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics through intrinsic and photodynamic effects. Toxicology 2021; 455:152766. [PMID: 33775737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Azure A (AA) is a cationic molecule of the class of phenothiazines that has been applied in vitro as a photosensitising agent in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. It is a di-demethylated analogue of methylene blue (MB), which has been demonstrated to be intrinsically and photodynamically highly active on mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, as far as we know, there are no studies about the photodynamic effects of AA on mammalian mitochondria. Therefore, this investigation aimed to characterise the intrinsic and photodynamic acute effects of AA (0.540 μM) on isolated rat liver mitochondria, isolated hepatocytes, and isolated perfused rat liver. The effects of AA were assessed by evaluating several parameters of mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, cell viability, and hepatic energy metabolism. The photodynamic effects of AA were assessed under simulated hypoxic conditions, a suitable way for mimicking the microenvironment of hypoxic solid tumour cells. AA interacted with the mitochondria and, upon photostimulation (10 min of light exposure), produced toxic amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damaged the organelle, as demonstrated by the high levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. The photostimulated AA also depleted the GSH pool, which could compromise the mitochondrial antioxidant defence. Bioenergetically, AA photoinactivated the complexes I, II, and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the F1FO-ATP synthase complex, sharply inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation. Upon photostimulation (10 min of light exposure), AA reduced the efficiency of mitochondrial energy transduction and oxidatively damaged lipids in isolated hepatocytes but did not decrease the viability of cells. Despite the useful photobiological properties, AA presented noticeable dark toxicity on mitochondrial bioenergetics, functioning predominantly as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. This harmful effect of AA was evidenced in isolated hepatocytes, in which AA diminished the cellular ATP content. In this case, the cells exhibited signs of cell viability reduction in the presence of high AA concentrations, but only after a long time of incubation (at least 90 min). The impairments on mitochondrial bioenergetics were also clearly manifested in intact perfused rat liver, in which AA diminished the cellular ATP content and stimulated the oxygen uptake. Consequently, gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis were strongly inhibited, whereas glycogenolysis and glycolysis were stimulated. AA also promoted the release of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes into the perfusate concomitantly with inhibition of oxygen consumption. In general, the intrinsic and photodynamic effects of AA were similar to those of MB, but AA caused some distinct effects such as the photoinactivation of the complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a diminution of the ATP levels in the liver. It is evident that AA has the potential to be used in mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy, even under low oxygen concentrations. However, the fact that AA directly disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics and affects several hepatic pathways that are linked to ATP metabolism, along with its ability to perturb cellular membranes and its little potential to reduce cell viability, could result in significant adverse effects especially in long-term treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byanca Thais Lima de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Makiyama Klosowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Shigueaki Mito
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renato Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Cristiane Mantovanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Morais Mewes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Sayuri Itou da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Vinicius Moreira da Costa Menezes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Hideo Gilglioni
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Karina Sayuri Utsunomiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Dantas Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Cesar de Souza Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renato Sonchini Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Jorgete Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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29
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Chen YA, Li JJ, Lin SL, Lu CH, Chiu SJ, Jeng FS, Chang CW, Yang BH, Chang MC, Ke CC, Liu RS. Effect of Cerenkov Radiation-Induced Photodynamic Therapy with 18F-FDG in an Intraperitoneal Xenograft Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4934. [PMID: 34066508 PMCID: PMC8125334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) metastases frequently occur through peritoneal dissemination, and they contribute to difficulties in treatment. While photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to treat OC, its use is often limited by tissue penetration depth and tumor selectivity. Herein, we combined Cerenkov radiation (CR) emitted by 18F-FDG accumulated in tumors as an internal light source and several photosensitizer (PS) candidates with matched absorption bands, including Verteporfin (VP), Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and 5'-Aminolevulinic acid (5'-ALA), to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy. The in vitro effect of CR-induced PDT (CR-PDT) was evaluated using a cell viability assay, and the efficiency of PS was assessed by measuring the singlet oxygen production. An intraperitoneal ES2 OC mouse model was used for in vivo evaluation of CR-PDT. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and bioluminescence-based imaging were performed to monitor the biologic uptake of 18F-FDG and the therapeutic effect. The in vitro studies demonstrated Ce6 and VP to be more effective PSs for CR-PDT. Moreover, VP was more efficient in the generation of singlet oxygen and continued for a long time when exposed to fluoro-18 (18F). Combining CR emitted by 18F-FDG and VP treatment not only significantly suppressed tumor growth, but also prolonged median survival times compared to either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (F.-S.J.)
| | - Jia-Je Li
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.); (B.-H.Y.)
| | - Syue-Liang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.); (B.-H.Y.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center Industrial, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Lu
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (F.-S.J.)
- Industrial Ph.D Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Sain-Jhih Chiu
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (F.-S.J.)
| | - Fong-Shya Jeng
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (F.-S.J.)
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- National PET and Cyclotron Center (NPCC), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.); (B.-H.Y.)
- National PET and Cyclotron Center (NPCC), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan County 325, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (F.-S.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.); (B.-H.Y.)
- Industrial Ph.D Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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30
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Effect of photodynamic therapy on expression of HRAS, NRAS and caspase 3 genes at mRNA levels, apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102142. [PMID: 33307231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on expression of CASP3, NRAS and HRAS genes at mRNA levels, and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to complete the present in vitro study, HNSCC cell line (NCBI C196 HN5) purchased from Pasteur Institute. Cells were divided into four groups; Group 1: photodynamic treatment (laser + methylene blue (MB) as photosensitizer), group 2: MB, group 3: laser (with 660 nm wavelength), and group 4: control (without any treatment). To determine the optimal concentration of MB, in a pilot study, toxicity of MB in different concentration was assessed using MTT assay. Cells in group 1, 2 and 3 was treated at optimal concentration of MB (1.6 μg/mL). Gene expression at mRNA levels was assessed after 24 h incubation, using real-time (qRT)-PCR. The expression of BAX and BCL2 genes at the mRNA levels was analyzed to evaluate apoptosis. 2-ΔΔCt values of BCL2, BAX, CASP3, NRAS, and HRAS in groups was analyzed using ANOVA. Tukey's HSD and Games Howell test was used to compare between two groups. RESULTS Over-expression of BAX (p < 0.001), CASP3 (p < 0.001) and down-regulation of BCL2 (p = 0.004), HRAS (p = 0.023) and NRAS (p = 0.045) were noted in group 1 (PDT), compared with the control group. Treatment by laser alone induce down-regulation of CASP3 (p < 0.05), BAX (p < 0.05), BCL2 (p > 0.05), HRAS (p > 0.05) and NRAS (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION PDT caused down-regulation of NRAS, HRAS and BCL2 and over-expression of CASP3 and BAX genes at mRNA levels in HNSCC cell line. The present study raises the possibility that the role of MB on BCL2 down-regulation and BAX and CASP3 over-expression was higher than laser alone while it seems that laser alone was more effective than MB in HRAS and NRAS down-regulation.
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Cancela MB, Zugbi S, Winter U, Martinez AL, Sampor C, Sgroi M, Francis JH, Garippa R, Abramson DH, Chantada G, Schaiquevich P. A decision process for drug discovery in retinoblastoma. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:426-441. [PMID: 33200242 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intraocular retinoblastoma treatment has changed radically over the last decade, leading to a notable improvement in ocular survival. However, eyes that relapse remain difficult to treat, as few alternative active drugs are available. More challenging is the scenario of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis, in which almost no advancements have been made. Both clinical scenarios represent an urgent need for new drugs. Using an integrated multidisciplinary approach, we developed a decision process for prioritizing drug selection for local (intravitreal [IVi], intrathecal/intraventricular [IT/IVt]), systemic, or intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) treatment by means of high-throughput pharmacological screening of primary cells from two patients with intraocular tumor and CNS metastasis and a thorough database search to identify clinical and biopharmaceutical data. This process identified 169 compounds to be cytotoxic; only 8 are FDA-approved, lack serious toxicities and available for IVi administration. Four of these agents could also be delivered by IT/IVt. Twelve FDA-approved drugs were identified for systemic delivery as they are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and lack serious adverse events; four drugs are of oral usage and six compounds that lack vesicant or neurotoxicity could be delivered by IAC. We also identified promising compounds in preliminary phases of drug development including inhibitors of survivin, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, methyltransferase, and kinesin proteins. This systematic approach may be applied more broadly to prioritize drugs to be repurposed or to identify novel hits for use in retinoblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belen Cancela
- Precision Medicine, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Zugbi
- Precision Medicine, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ursula Winter
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Martinez
- Precision Medicine, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Sampor
- Hematology-Oncology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Sgroi
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jasmine H Francis
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute and Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing And Screening Core facility, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute and Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David H Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute and Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Guillermo Chantada
- Precision Medicine, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Precision Medicine, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Khorsandi K, Hosseinzadeh R, Chamani E. Molecular interaction and cellular studies on combination photodynamic therapy with rutoside for melanoma A375 cancer cells: an in vitro study. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:525. [PMID: 33132760 PMCID: PMC7596947 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma as a type of skin cancer, is associated with a high mortality rate. Therefore, early diagnosis and efficient surgical treatment of this disease is very important. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the activation of a photosensitizer by light at specific wavelength that interacts with oxygen and creates singlet oxygen molecules or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to tumor cell death. Furthermore, one of the main approches in the prevention and treatment of various cancers is plant compounds application. Phenolic compounds are essential class of natural antioxidants, which play crucial biological roles such as anticancer effects. It was previously suggested that flavonoid such as rutoside could acts as pro-oxidant or antioxidant. Hence, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of rutoside on the combination therapy with methylene blue (MB) assisted by photodynamic treatment (PDT) using red light source (660 nm; power density: 30 mW/cm2) on A375 human melanoma cancer cells. Methods For this purpose, the A375 human melanoma cancer cell lines were treated by MB-PDT and rutoside. Clonogenic cell survival, MTT assay, and cell death mechanisms were also determined after performing the treatment. Subsequently, after the rutoside treatment and photodynamic therapy (PDT), cell cycle and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured. Results The obtained results showed that, MB-PDT and rutoside had better cytotoxic and antiprolifrative effects on A375 melanoma cancer cells compared to each free drug, whereas the cytotoxic effect on HDF human dermal fibroblast cell was not significant. MB-PDT and rutoside combination induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the human melanoma cancer cell line. Intracellular ROS increased in A375 cancer cell line after the treatment with MB-PDT and rutoside. Conclusion The results suggest that, MB-PDT and rutoside could be considered as novel approaches as the combination treatment of melanoma cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Yang R, Guo S, Xiao S, Ding Y. Enhanced wound healing and osteogenic potential of photodynamic therapy on human gingival fibroblasts. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:101967. [PMID: 32835879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown ideal antibacterial effects in clinical treatment of periodontal diseases. However, little is known about the specific potential of PDT on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) especially cells in the inflamed state, which may contribute to the repairi of periodontal tissue. METHODS The effect of PDT with different concentrations of methylene blue (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM) on cell vitality of healthy and inflamed human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated by CCK-8, and cell migration was assessed by cell scratching assay. The gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), type I collagen (Col I), fibronectin (FN) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were measured with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production and alizarin red staining of mineralized nodules in healthy and inflamed human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated to explore the effect on osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS PDT with relatively low concentration of methylene blue (5 μM) inhibited the cell vitality of inflamed human gingival fibroblasts (I-HGFs) slightly (P < 0.05), but had no adverse effect on healthy human gingival fibroblasts (H-HGFs) (P > 0.05). As the concentration increased, PDT with 20 μM methylene blue had significantly negative effect on both healthy and inflamed cells. Further, PDT with 5 μM methylene blue was observed to be able to promote the migration of HGFs especially the healthy state, and increases the expression of wound healing related genes including IL-6, COL1, FN, bFGF in healthy and inflamed HGFs (P < 0.05). PDT with 5 μM methylene blue was also capable of increasing the production of ALP and mineralized nodules (P < 0.05), although the better effect was observed in the laser treatment group. CONCLUSIONS The relatively low concentration of methylene blue mediated PDT is conducive to the growth of H-HGFs while inhibiting the I-HGFs, and it also has the potential to promote the wound healing and osteogenic related functions of both healthy and inflamed HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqian Yang
- Department of Periodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- Department of Periodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Periodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Optical Waveguides and Integrated Optical Devices for Medical Diagnosis, Health Monitoring and Light Therapies. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20143981. [PMID: 32709072 PMCID: PMC7411870 DOI: 10.3390/s20143981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical waveguides and integrated optical devices are promising solutions for many applications, such as medical diagnosis, health monitoring and light therapies. Despite the many existing reviews focusing on the materials that these devices are made from, a systematic review that relates these devices to the various materials, fabrication processes, sensing methods and medical applications is still seldom seen. This work is intended to link these multidisciplinary fields, and to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances of these devices. Firstly, the optical and mechanical properties of optical waveguides based on glass, polymers and heterogeneous materials and fabricated via various processes are thoroughly discussed, together with their applications for medical purposes. Then, the fabrication processes and medical implementations of integrated passive and active optical devices with sensing modules are introduced, which can be used in many medical fields such as drug delivery and cardiovascular healthcare. Thirdly, wearable optical sensing devices based on light sensing methods such as colorimetry, fluorescence and luminescence are discussed. Additionally, the wearable optical devices for light therapies are introduced. The review concludes with a comprehensive summary of these optical devices, in terms of their forms, materials, light sources and applications.
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Khodadadi Yazdi M, Zarrintaj P, Hosseiniamoli H, Mashhadzadeh AH, Saeb MR, Ramsey JD, Ganjali MR, Mozafari M. Zeolites for theranostic applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5992-6012. [PMID: 32602516 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00719f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic platforms bring about a revolution in disease management. During recent years, theranostic nanoparticles have been utilized for imaging and therapy simultaneously. Zeolites, because of their porous structure and tunable properties, which can be modified with various materials, can be used as a delivery agent. The porous structure of a zeolite enables it to be loaded and unloaded with various molecules such as therapeutic agents, photosensitizers, biological macromolecules, MRI contrast agents, radiopharmaceuticals, near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores, and microbubbles. Furthermore, theranostic zeolite nanocarriers can be further modified with targeting ligands, which is highly interesting for targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Klosowski EM, de Souza BTL, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Mantovanelli GC, Mewes JM, Bizerra PFV, Menezes PVMDC, Gilglioni EH, Utsunomiya KS, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Filho OF, Caetano W, Pereira PCDS, Gonçalves RS, Constantin J, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Constantin RP. The photodynamic and direct actions of methylene blue on mitochondrial energy metabolism: A balance of the useful and harmful effects of this photosensitizer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:34-53. [PMID: 32315767 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
According to the literature, methylene blue (MB) is a photosensitizer (PS) with a high affinity for mitochondria. Therefore, several studies have explored this feature to evaluate its photodynamic effects on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway under normoxic conditions. We are aware only of limited reports regarding MB's photodynamic effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism, especially under hypoxic conditions. Thus, the purposes of this study were to determine the direct and photodynamic acute effects of MB on the energy metabolism of rat liver mitochondria under hypoxic conditions and its direct acute effects on several parameters linked to energy metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. MB presented a high affinity for mitochondria, irrespective of photostimulation or proton gradient formation. Upon photostimulation, MB demonstrated high in vitro oxidizing species generation ability. Consequently, MB damaged the mitochondrial macromolecules, as could be evidenced by the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. In addition to generating a pro-oxidant environment, MB also led to a deficient antioxidant defence system, as indicated by the reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion. Bioenergetically, MB caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and led to photodynamic inactivation of complex I, complex II, and F1FO-ATP synthase complex, thus decreasing mitochondrial ATP generation. Contrary to what is expected for an ideal PS, MB displayed appreciable dark toxicity on mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results indicated that MB acted via at least three mechanisms: direct damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane; uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation; and inhibition of electron transfer. Confirming the impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism, MB also strongly inhibited mitochondrial ATP production. In the perfused rat liver, MB stimulated oxygen consumption, decreased the ATP/ADP ratio, inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis, and stimulated glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and ammoniagenesis, fully corroborating its uncoupling action in intact cells, as well. It can be concluded that even under hypoxic conditions, MB is a PS with potential for photodynamic effect-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. However, MB disrupts the mitochondrial energy metabolism even in the dark, causing energy-linked liver metabolic changes that could be harmful in specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Makiyama Klosowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Byanca Thais Lima de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Shigueaki Mito
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renato Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Cristiane Mantovanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Morais Mewes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Vinicius Moreira da Costa Menezes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Hideo Gilglioni
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Karina Sayuri Utsunomiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Dantas Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jorgete Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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Dao HM, Whang CH, Shankar VK, Wang YH, Khan IA, Walker LA, Husain I, Khan SI, Murthy SN, Jo S. Methylene blue as a far-red light-mediated photocleavable multifunctional ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1673-1676. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08916k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) was discovered as a multifunctional far-red photocleavable ligand capable of rendering a series of MB conjugated compounds with off-to-on fluorescence switch, photodynamic therapy and triggered release of conjugated molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Minh Dao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Chang-Hee Whang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Vijay Kumar Shankar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Islam Husain
- National Center for Natural Products Research
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - S. Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Seongbong Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
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Karner L, Drechsler S, Metzger M, Hacobian A, Schädl B, Slezak P, Grillari J, Dungel P. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy fighting polymicrobial infections – a journey from in vitro to in vivo. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1332-1343. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The batericidal effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), using methylene blue as a photosensitizer and pulsed red LED light for activation, were tested in various environments in vitro and in a wound model in mice infected with a fecal bacterial suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Karner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Magdalena Metzger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Barbara Schädl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
- University Clinic of Dentistry
- Medical University of Vienna
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Peter Dungel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
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Manivel P, Parthiban M, Ilanchelian M. Exploring the binding mechanism between methylene blue and ovalbumin using spectroscopic analyses and computational simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1838-1847. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1618734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Manivel
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Electro Organic Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Parthiban
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Hugon O, van der Sanden B, Inglebert M, Jacquin O, Misbah C, Lacot E. Multi-wavelength photo-acoustic microscopy in the frequency domain for simultaneous excitation and detection of dyes. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:932-943. [PMID: 30800524 PMCID: PMC6377889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An optical-resolution photoacoustic microscope with modulated CW laser diodes allowing multi-channel imaging is presented that can be used for both imaging biological tissues and for targeted photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) varying the optical power and exposure time. The effects of this therapy are immediately monitored in order to optimize the time of irradiation. After the description of the experimental setup, in vitro and in vivo applications are presented on a synthetic sample and on the mouse ear using hemoglobin as endogenous and methylene blue as exogenous dye for imaging and PDT, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Hugon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Lacot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophin and TrkB in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020272. [PMID: 30641914 PMCID: PMC6359060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor TrkB regulate tumor cell survival, invasion, and therapy resistance. We used in situ hybridization for BDNF and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TrkB in 131 HNSCC samples. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was highly expressed in normal mucosa in HNSCC tissue and in cell lines, whereas only 42.74% of HNSCC tissue was TrkB+. One fourth of HNSCC cases was human papilloma virus (HPV)− positive, but the TrkB IHC frequency was not different in HPV-positive (HPV+) and negative cases. The UPCI-SCC090 cells expressed constitutive levels of TrkB. Transforming-growth-factor-β1 (1 ng/mL TGF-β1) induced TrkB in a subpopulation of SCC-25 cells. A single 10-µg/mL mitomycin C treatment in UPCI-SCC090 cells induced apoptosis and BDNF did not rescue them. The SCC-25 cells were resistant to the MMC treatment, and their growth decreased after TGF-β1 treatment, but was restored by BDNF if it followed TGF-β1. Taken together, BDNF might be ineffective in HPV+ HNSCC patients. In HPV− HNSCC patients, tumor cells did not die after chemotherapeutic challenge and BDNF with TGF-β1 could improve tumor cell survival and contribute to worse patient prognosis.
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Kollmann F, Ramakrishnan S, Shen B, Grundmeier G, Kostiainen MA, Linko V, Keller A. Superstructure-Dependent Loading of DNA Origami Nanostructures with a Groove-Binding Drug. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9441-9448. [PMID: 31459078 PMCID: PMC6644410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami nanostructures are regarded as powerful and versatile vehicles for targeted drug delivery. So far, DNA origami-based drug delivery strategies mostly use intercalation of the therapeutic molecules between the base pairs of the DNA origami's double helices for drug loading. The binding of nonintercalating drugs to DNA origami nanostructures, however, is less studied. Therefore, in this work, we investigate the interaction of the drug methylene blue (MB) with different DNA origami nanostructures under conditions that result in minor groove binding. We observe a noticeable effect of DNA origami superstructure on the binding affinity of MB. In particular, non-B topologies as for instance found in designs using the square lattice with 10.67 bp/turn may result in reduced binding affinity because groove binding efficiency depends on groove dimensions. Also, mechanically flexible DNA origami shapes that are prone to structural fluctuations may exhibit reduced groove binding, even though they are based on the honeycomb lattice with 10.5 bp/turn. This can be attributed to the induction of transient over- and underwound DNA topologies by thermal fluctuations. These issues should thus be considered when designing DNA origami nanostructures for drug delivery applications that employ groove-binding drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kollmann
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Saminathan Ramakrishnan
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Boxuan Shen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn
University, Warburger
Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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Chang JE, Liu Y, Lee TH, Lee WK, Yoon I, Kim K. Tumor Size-Dependent Anticancer Efficacy of Chlorin Derivatives for Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061596. [PMID: 29844257 PMCID: PMC6032057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a suitable photosensitizer molecule is a promising anticancer treatment. We evaluated two chlorin molecules as potential photosensitizers, methyl pyropheophorbide a (MPPa) and N-methoxyl purpurinimide (NMPi), against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as in A549 tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Cell viability, microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses were performed for the in vitro studies. MPPa and NMPi showed high phototoxicity in vitro, which was dependent on the concentration of the photosensitizers as well as the light irradiation time. In the animal study, tumor volume change, tumor surface alterations, and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferse-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining analyses were performed and compared between small (tumor volume of <50 mm3) and large (tumor volume of >50 mm3) size of initial tumors. MPPa and NMPi showed high anticancer efficacy against small-size tumors, indicating that early treatment with PDT is effective. Especially, repeated two times PDT with NMPi allowed almost complete eradication against small-size tumors. However, MPPa and NMPi were not effective against large-size tumors. In conclusion, the two chlorin derivatives, MPPa and NMPi, show good anticancer efficacy as promising photosensitizers for PDT in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, their activity in vivo was significantly dependent on the initial tumor size in mice, which confirms the importance of early cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea.
| | - Yang Liu
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Tae Heon Lee
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Woo Kyoung Lee
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Il Yoon
- Nano Manufacturing Institute, School of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Kwhanmien Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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