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Bouymajane A, Filali FR, Moujane S, Majdoub YOE, Otzen P, Channaoui S, Ed-Dra A, Bouddine T, Sellam K, Boughrous AA, Miceli N, Altemimi AB, Cacciola F. Phenolic Compound, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and In Silico Studies of Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Lactuca saligna L. Molecules 2024; 29:596. [PMID: 38338341 PMCID: PMC10856452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered a major source for discovering novel effective drugs. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the chemical composition and biological activities of Moroccan Lactuca saligna extracts. In this context, this study aims to characterize the polyphenolic compounds distributed in hydro-methanolic extracts of L. saligna and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities; in addition, in silico analysis based on molecular docking and ADMET was performed to predict the antibacterial activity of the identified phenolic compounds. Our results showed the identification of 29 among 30 detected phenolic compounds with an abundance of dicaffeoyltartaric acid, luteolin 7-glucoronide, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 5-caffeoylquinic acid with 472.77, 224.30, 196.79, and 171.74 mg/kg of dried extract, respectively. Additionally, antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and ferrous ion-chelating (FIC) assay showed interesting antioxidant activity. Moreover, the results showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 1.30 ± 0.31 and 10.41 ± 0.23 mg/mL. Furthermore, in silico analysis identified three compounds, including Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and 3-p-Coumaroylquinic acid as potent candidates for developing new antibacterial agents with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. Hence, L. saligna can be considered a source of phytochemical compounds with remarkable activities, while further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to explore the main biological activities of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Bouymajane
- Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Fouzia Rhazi Filali
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Soumia Moujane
- Biochemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, Errachdia 50003, Morocco
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Philipp Otzen
- Institute of Anorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Souhail Channaoui
- Oasis System Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Errachidia, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 415, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, M’ghila Campus, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Toufik Bouddine
- Bioactive Molecules, Health and Biotechnology, Centre of Technology and Transformation, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Khalid Sellam
- Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Ali Ait Boughrous
- Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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2
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Nascimento RDPD, Machado APDF. The preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins on colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review based on up-to-date experimental studies. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113028. [PMID: 37316089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most lethal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. More than 75% of CRC cases are sporadic and lifestyle-related. Risk factors include diet, physical inactivity, genetics, smoking, alcohol, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The limits of conventional treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), as demonstrated by the side effects and resistance of many CRC patients, are making professionals search for new chemopreventive alternatives. In this context, diets rich in fruits and vegetables or plant-based products, which contain high levels of phytochemicals, have been postulated as complementary therapeutic options. Anthocyanins, phenolic pigments responsible for the vivid colors of most red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables, have been shown protective effects on CRC. Berries, grapes, Brazilian fruits, and vegetables such as black rice and purple sweet potato are examples of products rich in anthocyanins, which have been able to reduce cancer development by modulating signaling pathways associated with CRC. Therefore, this review has as main objective to present and discuss the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins present in fruits and vegetables, in plant extracts, or in their pure form on CRC, taking into account up-to-date experimental studies (2017-2023). Additionally, a highlight is given towards the mechanisms of action of anthocyanins on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism (LANUM), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (DECAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Rd, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Study and Research Group on Agroindustrial Products from the Cerrado (GEPPAC), Faculty of Engineering (FAEN), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados-Itahum Highway Km 12, 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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3
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Sahin TK, Bilir B, Kucuk O. Modulation of inflammation by phytochemicals to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:2494-2508. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1976721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Koray Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birdal Bilir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Rodrigues JPB, Liberal Â, Petropoulos SA, Ferreira ICFR, Oliveira MBPP, Fernandes Â, Barros L. Agri-Food Surplus, Waste and Loss as Sustainable Biobased Ingredients: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165200. [PMID: 36014439 PMCID: PMC9412510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring a sustainable supply of food for the world’s fast growing population is a major challenge in today’s economy, as modern lifestyle and increasing consumer concern with maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet is an important challenge for the agricultural sector worldwide. This market niche for healthier products, especially fruits and vegetables, has increased their production, consequently resulting in increased amounts of agri-food surplus, waste, and loss (SWL) generated during crop production, transportation, storage, and processing. Although many of these materials are not utilized, negatively affecting the environmental, economic, and social segments, they are a rich source of valuable compounds that could be used for different purposes, thus preventing the losses of natural resources and boosting a circular economy. This review aimed to give insights on the efficient management of agri-food SWL, considering conventional and emerging recovery and reuse techniques. Particularly, we explored and summarized the chemical composition of three worldwide cultivated and consumed vegetables (carrots, broccoli and lettuce) and evaluate the potential of their residues as a sustainable alternative for extracting value-added ingredients for the development of new biodynamic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P. B. Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ângela Liberal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 384 46 Volos, Greece
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (Â.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (Â.F.); (L.B.)
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5
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Anthocyanins, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in Edible Plant Leaves Unveiled by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131924. [PMID: 35804744 PMCID: PMC9265259 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments are a quite relevant group of molecules that are widely distributed in nature, possessing a significant role in our daily lives. Besides their colors, natural pigments are currently recognized as having relevant biological properties associated with health benefits, such as anti-tumor, anti-atherogenicity, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Some of these compounds are easily associated with specific fruits (such as blueberries with anthocyanins, red pitaya with betalain or tomato with lycopene), vegetables (carrots with carotenoids), plant leaves (chlorophylls in green leaves or carotenoids in yellow and red autumn leaves) and even the muscle tissue of vertebrates (such as myoglobin). Despite being less popular as natural pigment sources, edible plant leaves possess a high variety of chlorophylls, as well as a high variety of carotenoids and anthocyanins. The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the whole workflow employed to identify and quantify the most common natural pigments (anthocyanin, carotenoids and chlorophylls) in edible plant leaves using tandem mass spectrometry. Across the literature there, is a lack of consistency in the methods used to extract and analyze these compounds, and this review aims to surpass this issue. Additionally, mass spectrometry has stood out in the context of metabolomics, currently being a widely employed technique in this field. For the three pigments classes, the following steps will be scrutinized: (i) sample pre-preparation, including the solvents and extraction conditions; (ii) details of the chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry experiments (iii) pigment identification and quantification.
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Yang X, Gil MI, Yang Q, Tomás-Barberán FA. Bioactive compounds in lettuce: Highlighting the benefits to human health and impacts of preharvest and postharvest practices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4-45. [PMID: 34935264 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lettuce is one of the most commonly consumed leafy vegetables worldwide and is available throughout the entire year. Lettuce is also a significant source of natural phytochemicals. These compounds, including glycosylated flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, the vitamin B groups, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and sesquiterpene lactones, are essential nutritional bioactive compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the composition of health-promoting compounds in different types of lettuce, the potential health benefits of lettuce in reducing the risks of chronic diseases, and the effect of preharvest and postharvest practices on the biosynthesis and accumulation of health-promoting compounds in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - María I Gil
- Centre for Applied Biology and Soil Science of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Centre for Applied Biology and Soil Science of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Assefa AD, Hur OS, Hahn BS, Kim B, Ro NY, Rhee JH. Nutritional Metabolites of Red Pigmented Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) Germplasm and Correlations with Selected Phenotypic Characters. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102504. [PMID: 34681553 PMCID: PMC8535348 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is an important dietary source of bioactive phytochemicals. Screening and identification of the health beneficial metabolites and evaluating the relationships with phenotypic characters can help consumers adjust their preferences for lettuce plant types. Thus, we explored the major health-beneficial individual metabolites and antioxidant potential of 113 red pigmented lettuce leaf samples. A UV–Vis spectrophotometer and UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS (TQ/MS) instruments were used for the identification and quantification of metabolites and antioxidant activity accordingly. The metabolites were quantified against their corresponding external standards. The contents of metabolites varied significantly among lettuce samples. Cyanidin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)glucoside (4.7~5013.6 μg/g DW), 2,3-di-O-caffeoyltartaric acid (337.1~19,957.2 μg/g DW), and quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)glucoside (45.4~31,121.0 μg/g DW) were the most dominant in red pigmented lettuce samples among anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, and flavonols, respectively. Lettuces with dark and very dark red pigmented leaves, circular leaf shape, a strong degree of leaf undulation, and highly dense leaf incisions were found to have high levels of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives. Principal component analysis was used to investigate similarities and/or differences between samples, and the partial least square discriminant analysis classified them into known groups. The key variables that contributed highly were determined. Our report provides critical data on the bioactive constituents of red pigmented lettuce to breeders developing varieties with enhanced bioactive compounds and to nutraceutical companies developing nutrient dense foods and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Zahra SA, Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Shahbaz A, Kanwal S, Shah SL, Ahmad P, Mahmood T. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidants, enzyme inhibition activities, and scanning electron microscopy of Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss. seeds. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1284-1295. [PMID: 33400331 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plant. This research study was designed to decipher the phytochemical screening, pharmacological potential and implementation of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Six different solvents were used to prepare L. orientalis (LO) seed extracts. Phytochemical and antioxidant activities were determined calorimetrically. To investigate antidiabetic, α-amylase inhibition assay was performed. Brine shrimp assay was performed for cytotoxicity and anti-leishmanial via MTT assay. Disc-diffusion assay was performed to detect protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal activities. SEM was used as identification tool. Significant amount of phenolic and flavonoid content were identified in methanol extract (LOSM) (95.76 ± 3.71 GAE/mg) and (77 ± 3.60 QE/mg). Highest DPPH scavenging potential (82%) was reported for LOSM. Significant total antioxidant capacity (90.60 ± 1.55 AAE/mg) and total reducing power (94.44 ± 1.38 AAE/mg) were determined for LOSM. Highest α-amylase inhibition was found in LOSM (78.20 ± 1.58%). The highest LD50 of brine shrimp was found for n-Hexane extract (LOSH) 13.03 𝜇g/ml. All extracts showed strong anti-leishmanial activity except LOSH. L. orientalis seeds showed significant protein kinase inhibition, antibacterial and antifungal activities. The seeds of L. orientalis were seen to be oblong to obovate, projections, wavy slightly straight, anticlinal wall was raised with apex acuminate. The outer-periclinal wall convex with fine texture. In conclusion, our findings scientifically support ethnomedicinal and biological potentials of L. orientalis seeds. In future, L. orientalis seeds need to be explored for identification and isolation of bioactive compounds. The results obtained necessitate further in vivo studies to evaluate their pharmacological potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Anber Zahra
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Shahbaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road, Satellite Town Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Lal Shah
- Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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9
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Malarz J, Michalska K, Stojakowska A. Stem Lettuce and Its Metabolites: Does the Variety Make Any Difference? Foods 2020; 10:E59. [PMID: 33383824 PMCID: PMC7824169 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize chemical composition of hitherto unexamined aerial parts of Lactuca sativa var. angustana cv. Grüner Stern. In contrast to leafy and head varieties of the lettuces, asparagus lettuce grown in Europe is much less studied. Fractionation of a methanolic extract from leaves of L. sativa cv. Grüner Stern, supported with HPLC/DAD and 1H NMR analysis, led to the isolation and/or identification of numerous terpenoid and phenolic compounds, including five apocarotenoids-(-)-loliolide, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, blumenol A, (6S,9S)-vomifoliol, and corchoionoside C; three sesquiterpene lactones; two lignans-((+)-syringaresinol and its 4-O-β-glucoside); five caffeic acid derivatives; and three flavonoids. Some of the compounds, to the best of our knowledge, have never been isolated from L. sativa before. Moreover, monolignols, phenolic acids and a tryptophan-derived alkaloid were found in the analyzed plant material. Stems, leaves and shoot tips of the asparagus lettuce were examined to assess their phenolics and sesquiterpene lactone content as well as DPPH scavenging activity. Another stem lettuce-L. sativa var. angustana cv. Karola, two cultivars of leafy lettuces and one species of wild lettuce-L. serriola, were also examined as a reference material using HPLC/DAD. The results have been discussed regarding our previous studies and the literature data available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Phytochemistry, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.); (K.M.)
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10
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El-Nakhel C, Petropoulos SA, Pannico A, Kyriacou MC, Giordano M, Colla G, Troise AD, Vitaglione P, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. The bioactive profile of lettuce produced in a closed soilless system as configured by combinatorial effects of genotype and macrocation supply composition. Food Chem 2020; 309:125713. [PMID: 31708345 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cultivar and nutrient solution macrocation proportions (SK, SCa, SMg) on the bioactive content of hydroponically cultivated lettuce was evaluated on two lettuce cultivars (red and green-pigmented Salanova®) grown in a fully controlled Fitotron® chamber. Fresh weight and color attributes were superior in green Salanova and in SK-treated plants, while elevated macrocation proportions (SK, SCa, and SMg) affected the corresponding minerals, P and Na content. SCa and SMg treatments raised ascorbate concentration and reduced nitrate levels in treated plants. Chicoric and chlorogenic acids were higher in red over green Salanova. Chlorogenic acid was higher in SCa and SMg plants and chicoric acid levels were SMg > SCa > SK. The SMg-treated red Salanova contained higher concentrations of target carotenoids. In conclusion, nutrient solution management constitutes an effective cultural practice to increase bioactive properties and functional quality of hydroponically grown lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
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11
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Su W, Tao R, Liu W, Yu C, Yue Z, He S, Lavelle D, Zhang W, Zhang L, An G, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Larkin RM, Michelmore RW, Kuang H, Chen J. Characterization of four polymorphic genes controlling red leaf colour in lettuce that have undergone disruptive selection since domestication. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:479-490. [PMID: 31325407 PMCID: PMC6953203 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins protect plants from biotic and abiotic stressors and provide great health benefits to consumers. In this study, we cloned four genes (Red Lettuce Leaves 1 to 4: RLL1 to RLL4) that contribute to colour variations in lettuce. The RLL1 gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor, and a 5-bp deletion in some cultivars abolishes its function to activate the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The RLL2 gene encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, which was derived from a duplication followed by mutations in its promoter region. The RLL3 gene encodes an R2-MYB transcription factor, which down-regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through competing with RLL2 for interaction with RLL1; a mis-sense mutation compromises the capacity of RLL3 to bind RLL1. The RLL4 gene encodes a WD-40 transcription factor, homologous to the RUP genes suppressing the UV-B signal transduction pathway in Arabidopsis; a mis-sense mutation in rll4 attenuates its suppressing function, leading to a high concentration of anthocyanins. Sequence analysis of the RLL1-RLL4 genes from wild and cultivated lettuce showed that their function-changing mutations occurred after domestication. The mutations in rll1 disrupt anthocyanin biosynthesis, while the mutations in RLL2, rll3 and rll4 activate anthocyanin biosynthesis, showing disruptive selection for leaf colour during domestication of lettuce. The characterization of multiple polymorphic genes in this study provides the necessary molecular resources for the rational breeding of lettuce cultivars with distinct levels of red pigments and green cultivars with high levels of health-promoting flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Su
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Changchun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Yue
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shuping He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dean Lavelle
- Genome Center and Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guanghui An
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Robert M. Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | | | - Hanhui Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiongjiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region)MOACollege of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Grown to be Blue-Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part II: Leafy, Fruit, and Other Vegetables. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020097. [PMID: 31979214 PMCID: PMC7070715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current trend for substituting synthetic compounds with natural ones in the design and production of functional and healthy foods has increased the research interest about natural colorants. Although coloring agents from plant origin are already used in the food and beverage industry, the market and consumer demands for novel and diverse food products are increasing and new plant sources are explored. Fresh vegetables are considered a good source of such compounds, especially when considering the great color diversity that exists among the various species or even the cultivars within the same species. In the present review we aim to present the most common species of colored vegetables, focusing on leafy and fruit vegetables, as well as on vegetables where other plant parts are commercially used, with special attention to blue color. The compounds that are responsible for the uncommon colors will be also presented and their beneficial health effects and antioxidant properties will be unraveled.
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Syeda MZ, Fasae MB, Yue E, Ishimwe AP, Jiang Y, Du Z, Yang B, Bai Y. Anthocyanidin attenuates myocardial ischemia induced injury via inhibition of ROS‐JNK‐Bcl‐2 pathway: New mechanism of anthocyanidin action. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3129-3139. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zahra Syeda
- Department of Pharmacology (State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Moyondafoluwa Blessing Fasae
- Department of Pharmacology (State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Er Yue
- Department of Pharmacology (State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Alain Prudence Ishimwe
- Department of Pharmacology (State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin P. R. China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences Harbin P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacologythe Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University (Key Laboratory of Drug Development, Universities of Heilongjiang Province) Harbin P. R. China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin P. R. China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences Harbin P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin P. R. China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences Harbin P. R. China
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Mamo BE, Hayes RJ, Truco MJ, Puri KD, Michelmore RW, Subbarao KV, Simko I. The genetics of resistance to lettuce drop (Sclerotinia spp.) in lettuce in a recombinant inbred line population from Reine des Glaces × Eruption. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2439-2460. [PMID: 31165222 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two QTLs for resistance to lettuce drop, qLDR1.1 and qLDR5.1, were identified. Associated SNPs will be useful in breeding for lettuce drop and provide the foundation for future molecular analysis. Lettuce drop, caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, is an economically important disease of lettuce. The association of resistance to lettuce drop with the commercially undesirable trait of fast bolting has hindered the integration of host resistance in control of this disease. Eruption is a slow-bolting cultivar that exhibits a high level of resistance to lettuce drop. Eruption also is completely resistant to Verticillium wilt caused by race 1 of Verticillium dahliae. A recombinant inbred line population from the cross Reine des Glaces × Eruption was genotyped by sequencing and evaluated for lettuce drop and bolting in separate fields infested with either S. minor or V. dahliae. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lettuce drop resistance were consistently detected in at least two experiments, and two other QTLs were identified in another experiment; the alleles for resistance at all four QTLs originated from Eruption. A QTL for lettuce drop resistance on linkage group (LG) 5, qLDR5.1, was consistently detected in all experiments and explained 11 to 25% of phenotypic variation. On LG1, qLDR1.1 was detected in two experiments explaining 9 to 12% of the phenotypic variation. Three out of four resistance QTLs are distinct from QTLs for bolting; qLDR5.1 is pleiotropic or closely linked with a QTL for early bolting; however, the rate of bolting shows only a small effect on the variance in resistance observed at this locus. The SNP markers linked with these QTLs will be useful in breeding for resistance through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bullo Erena Mamo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Ryan J Hayes
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97321, USA
| | | | - Krishna D Puri
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Richard W Michelmore
- UC Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Departments of Plant Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Ivan Simko
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA.
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