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Cui Y, Du X, Li Y, Wang D, Lv Z, Yuan H, Chen Y, Liu J, Sun Y, Wang W. Imbalanced and Unchecked: The Role of Metal Dyshomeostasis in Driving COPD Progression. COPD 2024; 21:2322605. [PMID: 38591165 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2024.2322605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to progressive restriction of airflow. Extensive research findings have cogently suggested that the dysregulation of essential transition metal ions, notably iron, copper, and zinc, stands as a critical nexus in the perpetuation of inflammatory processes and oxidative damage within the lungs of COPD patients. Unraveling the intricate interplay between metal homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling is of paramount importance in unraveling the intricacies of COPD pathogenesis. This comprehensive review aims to examine the current literature on the sources, regulation, and mechanisms by which metal dyshomeostasis contributes to COPD progression. We specifically focus on iron, copper, and zinc, given their well-characterized roles in orchestrating cytokine production, immune cell function, antioxidant depletion, and matrix remodeling. Despite the limited number of clinical trials investigating metal modulation in COPD, the advent of emerging methodologies tailored to monitor metal fluxes and gauge responses to chelation and supplementation hold great promise in unlocking the potential of metal-based interventions. We conclude that targeted restoration of metal homeostasis represents a promising frontier for ameliorating pathological processes driving COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Yuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Kushwah AS, Dixit H, Upadhyay V, Verma SK, Prasad R. The study of iron- and copper-binding proteome of Fusarium oxysporum and its effector candidates. Proteins 2024; 92:1097-1112. [PMID: 38666709 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is a phytopathogen which causes vascular wilt disease in tomato plants. The survival tactics of both pathogens and hosts depend on intricate interactions between host plants and pathogenic microbes. Iron-binding proteins (IBPs) and copper-binding proteins (CBPs) play a crucial role in these interactions by participating in enzyme reactions, virulence, metabolism, and transport processes. We employed high-throughput computational tools at the sequence and structural levels to investigate the IBPs and CBPs of F. oxysporum. A total of 124 IBPs and 37 CBPs were identified in the proteome of Fusarium. The ranking of amino acids based on their affinity for binding with iron is Glu > His> Asp > Asn > Cys, and for copper is His > Asp > Cys respectively. The functional annotation, determination of subcellular localization, and Gene Ontology analysis of these putative IBPs and CBPs have unveiled their potential involvement in a diverse array of cellular and biological processes. Three iron-binding glycosyl hydrolase family proteins, along with four CBPs with carbohydrate-binding domains, have been identified as potential effector candidates. These proteins are distinct from the host Solanum lycopersicum proteome. Moreover, they are known to be located extracellularly and function as enzymes that degrade the host cell wall during pathogen-host interactions. The insights gained from this report on the role of metal ions in plant-pathogen interactions can help develop a better understanding of their fundamental biology and control vascular wilt disease in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh Kushwah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himisha Dixit
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vipin Upadhyay
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shailender Kumar Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Jia LJ, González K, Orasch T, Schmidt F, Brakhage AA. Manipulation of host phagocytosis by fungal pathogens and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2216-2231. [PMID: 39187614 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
An important host defence mechanism against pathogens is intracellular killing, which is achieved through phagocytosis, a cellular process for engulfing and neutralizing extracellular particles. Phagocytosis results in the formation of matured phagolysosomes, which are specialized compartments that provide a hostile environment and are considered the end point of the degradative pathway. However, all fungal pathogens studied to date have developed strategies to manipulate phagosomal function directly and also indirectly by redirecting phagosomes from the degradative pathway to a non-degradative pathway with the expulsion and even transfer of pathogens between cells. Here, using the major human fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum as examples, we discuss the processes involved in host phagosome-fungal pathogen interactions, with a focus on fungal evasion strategies. We also discuss recent approaches to targeting intraphagosomal pathogens, including the redirection of phagosomes towards degradative pathways for fungal pathogen eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Jie Jia
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Junior Research Group Phagosome Biology and Engineering, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany.
| | - Katherine González
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Orasch
- Transfer Group Anti-infectives, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Nobre AFD, Sousa AMSD, Costa ADC, Fernandes MR, Kumar R, Ponne S, Rocha MG, Rodrigues AM, Camargo ZPD, Brilhante RSN. Effect of proton pump inhibitors on susceptibility and melanogenesis of Sporothrix species. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 39145374 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species embedded in the clinical clade. Fungi have virulence factors, such as biofilm and melanin production, which contribute to their survival and are related to the increase in the number of cases of therapeutic failure, making it necessary to search for new options.Gap statement. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have already been shown to inhibit the growth and melanogenesis of other fungi.Aim. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the PPIs omeprazole (OMP), rabeprazole (RBP), esomeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole on the susceptibility and melanogenesis of Sporothrix species, and their interactions with itraconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B.Methodology. The antifungal activity of PPIs was evaluated using the microdilution method, and the combination of PPIs with itraconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B was assessed using the checkerboard method. The assessment of melanogenesis inhibition was assessed using grey scale.Results. The OMP and RBP showed significant MIC results ranging from 32 to 256 µg ml-1 and 32 to 128 µg ml-1, respectively. Biofilms were sensitive, with a significant reduction (P<0.05) in metabolic activity of 52% for OMP and 50% for RBP at a concentration of 512 µg ml-1 and of biomass by 53% for OMP and 51% for RBP at concentrations of 512 µg ml-1. As for the inhibition of melanogenesis, only OMP showed inhibition, with a 54% reduction.Conclusion. It concludes that the PPIs OMP and RBP have antifungal activity in vitro against planktonic cells and biofilms of Sporothrix species and that, in addition, OMP can inhibit the melanization process in Sporothrix species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Feynman Dias Nobre
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alanna Mayara Soares de Sousa
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Cunha Costa
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirele Rodrigues Fernandes
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saravanaraman Ponne
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Maria Gleiciane Rocha
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- One Health Microbiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Shi HH, Mugaanyi J, Lu C, Li Y, Huang J, Dai L. A paradigm shift in cancer research based on integrative multi-omics approaches: glutaminase serves as a pioneering cuproptosis-related gene in pan-cancer. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:213. [PMID: 38566121 PMCID: PMC10988933 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis is a newly identified form of unprogrammed cell death. As a pivotal metabolic regulator, glutaminase (GLS) has recently been discovered to be linked to cuproptosis. Despite this discovery, the oncogenic functions and mechanisms of GLS in various cancers are still not fully understood. METHODS In this study, a comprehensive omics analysis was performed to investigate the differential expression levels, diagnostic and prognostic potential, correlation with tumor immune infiltration, genetic alterations, and drug sensitivity of GLS across multiple malignancies. RESULTS Our findings revealed unique expression patterns of GLS across various cancer types and molecular subtypes of carcinomas, underscoring its pivotal role primarily in energy and nutrition metabolism. Additionally, GLS showed remarkable diagnostic and prognostic performance in specific cancers, suggesting its potential as a promising biomarker for cancer detection and prognosis. Furthermore, we focused on uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and developed a novel prognostic model associated with GLS, indicating a close correlation between GLS and UCEC. Moreover, our exploration into immune infiltration, genetic heterogeneity, tumor stemness, and drug sensitivity provided novel insights and directions for future research and laid the foundation for high-quality verification. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study is the first comprehensive investigation of the biological and clinical significance of GLS in pan-cancer. In our study, GLS was identified as a promising biomarker for UCEC, providing valuable evidence and a potential target for anti-tumor therapy. Overall, our findings shed light on the multifaceted functions of GLS in cancer and offer new avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hong Shi
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Joseph Mugaanyi
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Changjiang Lu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
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6
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Srishti K, Negi O, Hota PK. Recent Development on Copper-Sensor and its Biological Applications: A Review. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03587-y. [PMID: 38416283 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Metal ion recognition is one of the most prospective research topics in the field of chemical sensors due to its wide range of clinical, biological and environmental applications. In this context, hydrazones are well known compounds that exhibit metal sensing and several biological properties due to the presence of N=CH- bond. Some of the biological properties includes anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial activities. Hydrazones are also used as a ligand to detect metal ion as well as to generate metal complexes that exhibit medicinal properties. Thus, in recent years, many attempts were made to develop novel ligands with enhanced metal sensing and medicinal properties. In this review, some of the recent development on the hydrazones and their copper complexes are covered from the last few years from 2015-2023. These includes significance of copper ions, synthesis, biological properties, mechanism and metal sensing properties of some of the copper complexes were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Srishti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Oseen Negi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
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7
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Xia F, Xu P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Shao S. Identification of a novel transcriptional regulator, CorR, for copper stress response in Edwardsiella piscicida. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0089923. [PMID: 37732742 PMCID: PMC10617541 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00899-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper plays a vital role in the host-pathogen interface, potentially making components of the bacterial copper response suitable targets for the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies. The anti-copper arsenal of intracellular pathogens has expanded as an adaptation to survive copper toxicity in order to escape intracellular killing by the host immune system. Herein, we employed transposon insertion sequencing to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the survival of Edwardsiella piscicida under copper stress. A novel transcriptional regulator, ETAE_2324 (named CorR), was identified to participate in the response to copper ions by controlling the expression of copA, the core component of cytoplasmic copper homeostasis. Furthermore, CorR regulated the expression of virulent determinant eseB, influencing the in vivo colonization of E. piscicida. Collectively, our results contribute to the comprehension of the underlying mechanism of the adaption of intracellular pathogens to copper stress during bacterial infections.IMPORTANCECopper ions play a pivotal role in the interaction between bacteria and the host during infection. The host's innate immune system employs copper ions for their bactericidal properties, thereby making bacterial copper tolerance a crucial determinant of virulence. Edwardsiella piscicida, a significant marine pathogen, has caused substantial losses in the global aquaculture industry. To comprehensively investigate how E. piscicida responds to copper stress, we utilized transposon insertion sequencing to explore genes associated with copper tolerance in culture media containing different concentrations of copper ions. A novel transcriptional regulator, CorR, was identified to respond to copper ions and regulates the expression of crucial components of copper homeostasis CopA, along with the essential virulence factor EseB. These findings offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that govern bacterial copper tolerance and present novel perspectives for the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies targeting E. piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
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Igbaria-Jaber Y, Hofmann L, Gevorkyan-Airapetov L, Shenberger Y, Ruthstein S. Revealing the DNA Binding Modes of CsoR by EPR Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39886-39895. [PMID: 37901548 PMCID: PMC10601412 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In pathogens, a unique class of metalloregulator proteins, called gene regulatory proteins, sense specific metal ions that initiate gene transcription of proteins that export metal ions from the cell, thereby preventing toxicity and cell death. CsoR is a metalloregulator protein found in various bacterial systems that "sense" Cu(I) ions with high affinity. Upon copper binding, CsoR dissociates from the DNA promoter region, resulting in initiation of gene transcription. Crystal structures of CsoR in the presence and absence of Cu(I) from various bacterial systems have been reported, suggesting either a dimeric or tetrameric structure of these helical proteins. However, structural information about the CsoR-DNA complex is missing. Here, we applied electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to follow the conformational and dynamical changes that Mycobacterium tuberculosis CsoR undergoes upon DNA binding in solution. We showed that the quaternary structure is predominantly dimeric in solution, and only minor conformational and dynamical changes occur in the DNA bound state. Also, labeling of the unresolved C- terminus revealed no significant change in dynamics upon DNA binding. These observations are unique, since for other bacterial copper metalloregulators, such as the MerR and CopY families, major conformational changes were observed upon DNA binding, indicating a different mode of action for this protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Igbaria-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Lada Gevorkyan-Airapetov
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yulia Shenberger
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Alselami A, Drummond RA. How metals fuel fungal virulence, yet promote anti-fungal immunity. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050393. [PMID: 37905492 PMCID: PMC10629672 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections represent a significant global health problem, and present several clinical challenges, including limited treatment options, increasing rates of antifungal drug resistance and compounding comorbidities in affected patients. Metals, such as copper, iron and zinc, are critical for various biological and cellular processes across phyla. In mammals, these metals are important determinants of immune responses, but pathogenic microbes, including fungi, also require access to these metals to fuel their own growth and drive expression of major virulence traits. Therefore, host immune cells have developed strategies to either restrict access to metals to induce starvation of invading pathogens or deploy toxic concentrations within phagosomes to cause metal poisoning. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms regulating fungal scavenging and detoxification of copper, iron and zinc and the importance of these mechanisms for virulence and infection. We also outline how these metals are involved in host immune responses and the consequences of metal deficiencies or overloads on how the host controls invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanoud Alselami
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rebecca A. Drummond
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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10
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Büttner H, Hörl J, Krabbe J, Hertweck C. Discovery and Biosynthesis of Anthrochelin, a Growth-Promoting Metallophore of the Human Pathogen Luteibacter anthropi. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300322. [PMID: 37191164 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Various human pathogens have emerged from environmental strains by adapting to higher growth temperatures and the ability to produce virulence factors. A remarkable example of a pathoadapted bacterium is found in the genus Luteibacter, which typically comprises harmless soil microbes, yet Luteibacter anthropi was isolated from the blood of a diseased child. Up until now, nothing has been known about the specialized metabolism of this pathogen. By comparative genome analyses we found that L. anthropi has a markedly higher biosynthetic potential than other bacteria of this genus and uniquely bears an NRPS gene locus tentatively coding for the biosynthesis of a metallophore. By metabolic profiling, stable isotope labeling, and NMR investigation of a gallium complex, we identified a new family of salicylate-derived nonribosomal peptides named anthrochelins A-D. Surprisingly, anthrochelins feature a C-terminal homocysteine tag, which might be introduced during peptide termination. Mutational analyses provided insight into the anthrochelin assembly and revealed the unexpected involvement of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in oxazole formation. Notably, this heterocycle plays a key role in the binding of metals, especially copper(II). Bioassays showed that anthrochelin significantly promotes the growth of L. anthropi in the presence of low and high copper concentrations, which occur during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Büttner
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection, Biology, HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Hörl
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection, Biology, HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Krabbe
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection, Biology, HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection, Biology, HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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11
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Akhtar S, Shoaib A, Javiad I, Qaisar U, Tasadduq R. Farmyard manure, a potential organic additive to reclaim copper and Macrophomina phaseolina stress responses in mash bean plants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14383. [PMID: 37658111 PMCID: PMC10474152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of global warming, stress combinations instead of individual stress are realistic threats faced by plants that can alter or trigger a wide range of plant responses. In the current study, the cumulative effect of charcoal rot disease caused by notorious fungal pathogen viz., Macrophomina phaseolina was investigated under toxic levels of copper (Cu) in mash bean, and farmyard manure (FYM) was employed to manage stress. Therefore, Cu-spiked soil (50 and 100 mg/kg) was inoculated with the pathogen, and amended with 2% FYM, to assess the effect of intricate interactions on mash bean plants through pot experiments. Results demonstrated that the individual stress of the pathogen or Cu was more severe for morpho-growth, physio-biochemical, and expression profiles of stress-related genes and total protein in mash bean plants as compared to stress combinations. Under single Cu stress, a significant amount of Cu accumulated in plant tissues, particularly in roots than in upper ground tissues, while, under stress combination less Cu accumulated in the plants. Nonetheless, 2% FYM in soil encountered the negative effect of stress responses provoked by the pathogen, Cu, or both by improving health markers (photosynthetic pigments, reducing sugar, total phenolics) and oxidative stress markers (catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase), together with regulating the expression of stress-related genes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and cytokinin-resistant genes), and proteins, besides decreasing Cu uptake in the plants. FYM worked better at lower concentrations (50 mg/kg) of Cu than at higher ones (100 mg/kg), hence could be used as a suitable option for better growth, yield, and crop performance under charcoal rot disease stress in Cu-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Akhtar
- School of Botany, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shoaib
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Iqra Javiad
- Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Qaisar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raazia Tasadduq
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Borer ET, Kendig AE, Holt RD. Feeding the fever: Complex host-pathogen dynamics along continuous resource gradients. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10315. [PMID: 37502304 PMCID: PMC10368943 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food has long been known to perform dual functions of nutrition and medicine, but mounting evidence suggests that complex host-pathogen dynamics can emerge along continuous resource gradients. Empirical examples of nonmonotonic responses of infection with increasing host resources (e.g., low prevalence at low and high resource supply but high prevalence at intermediate resources) have been documented across the tree of life, but these dynamics, when observed, often are interpreted as nonintuitive, idiosyncratic features of pathogen and host biology. Here, by developing generalized versions of existing models of resource dependence for within- and among-host infection dynamics, we provide a synthetic view of nonmonotonic infection dynamics. We demonstrate that where resources jointly impact two (or more) processes (e.g., growth, defense, transmission, mortality, predation), nonmonotonic infection dynamics, including alternative states, can emerge across a continuous resource supply gradient. We review the few empirical examples that concurrently measured resource effects on multiple rates and pair this with a wide range of examples in which resource dependence of multiple rates could generate nonmonotonic infection outcomes under realistic conditions. This review and generalized framework highlight the likely generality of such resource effects in natural systems and point to opportunities ripe for future empirical and theoretical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Amy E. Kendig
- Agronomy DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Minnesota Department of Natural ResourcesMinnesota Biological SurveySaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Robert D. Holt
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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13
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Vulpe CB, Matica MA, Kovačević R, Dascalu D, Stevanovic Z, Isvoran A, Ostafe V, Menghiu G. Copper Accumulation Efficiency in Different Recombinant Microorganism Strains Available for Bioremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Waters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087575. [PMID: 37108736 PMCID: PMC10146616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the bioremediation conditions of copper in synthetic water. In the present study, copper ions accumulation efficiency was determined using various genetically modified strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EBY100, INVSc1, BJ5465, and GRF18), Pichia pastoris (X-33, KM71H), Escherichia coli (XL10 Gold, DH5α, and six types of BL21 (DE3)), and Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) OverExpress expressing two different peroxidases. Viability tests of yeast and bacterial strains showed that bacteria are viable at copper concentrations up to 2.5 mM and yeasts up to 10 mM. Optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma analysis showed that the tolerance of bacterial strains on media containing 1 mM copper was lower than the tolerance of yeast strains at the same copper concentration. The E. coli BL21 RIL strain had the best copper accumulation efficiency (4.79 mg/L of culture normalized at an optical density of 1.00), which was 1250 times more efficient than the control strain. The yeast strain S. cerevisiae BJ5465 was the most efficient in copper accumulation out of a total of six yeast strains used, accumulating over 400 times more than the negative control strain. In addition, E. coli cells that internally expressed recombinant peroxidase from Thermobifida fusca were able to accumulate 400-fold more copper than cells that produced periplasmic recombinant peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Bianca Vulpe
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4A, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mariana Adina Matica
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4A, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4C, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Renata Kovačević
- Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Zeleni Bulevar 35, 19210 Bor, Serbia
| | - Daniela Dascalu
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4A, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zoran Stevanovic
- Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Zeleni Bulevar 35, 19210 Bor, Serbia
| | - Adriana Isvoran
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4A, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vasile Ostafe
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4A, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gheorghița Menghiu
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, Oituz 4A, 300086 Timisoara, Romania
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14
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Ji P, Wang P, Chen H, Xu Y, Ge J, Tian Z, Yan Z. Potential of Copper and Copper Compounds for Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:234. [PMID: 37259382 PMCID: PMC9960329 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing cancer cell death has always been a research hotspot in life sciences. With the continuous deepening and diversification of related research, the potential value of metal elements in inducing cell death has been explored. Taking iron as an example, ferroptosis, mainly characterized by increasing iron load and driving the production of large amounts of lipid peroxides and eventually leading to cell death, has recently attracted great interest in the cancer research community. After iron, copper, a trace element, has received extensive attention in cell death, especially in inducing tumor cell death. Copper and its complexes can induce autophagy or apoptosis in tumor cells through a variety of different mechanisms of action (activation of stress pathways, arrest of cell cycle, inhibition of angiogenesis, cuproptosis, and paraptosis), which are promising in cancer therapy and have become new hotspots in cancer treatment research. This article reviews the main mechanisms and potential applications of novel copper and copper compound-induced cell death, focusing on copper compounds and their anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yajing Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jianwen Ge
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zechong Tian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhirong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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15
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Mitochondria in Cryptococcus: an update of mitochondrial transcriptional regulation in Cryptococcus. Curr Genet 2023; 69:1-6. [PMID: 36729179 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated Cryptococcus species are responsible for approximately 15% of AIDS-related mortality. Numerous intriguing investigations have demonstrated that mitochondria play a crucial role in the pathogen-host axis of microorganisms. Mitochondria are vital energy-generating organelles, but they also regulate a variety of cellular activities, such as fungal adaptability in the host and drug resistance. Mitochondria are also the source of reactive oxygen species, which serve as intracellular messengers but are harmful when produced in excess. Thus, precise and stringent regulation of mitochondrial activity, including oxidative phosphorylation and the ROS detoxification process, is essential to ensure that only the amount required to maintain basic biological activities and prevent ROS toxicity in the cell is maintained. However, the relationship between mitochondria and the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus remains poorly understood. In this review, we focus on transcription regulation and maintenance of mitochondrial function along the pathogen-host interaction axis, as well as prospective antifungal strategies that target mitochondria.
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16
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Du W, Xu R, He Z, Yang H, Gu Y, Liu Y. Transcriptomics-based investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying synergistic antimicrobial effects of AgNPs and Domiphen on the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1089267. [PMID: 36819018 PMCID: PMC9928863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1089267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients have higher risk of serious fungal infections, such as invasive aspergillosis (IA) which is mainly caused by the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Triazole drugs are the primary therapeutic agents for the first-line treatment of IA, which could easily cause drug resistance problems. Here, we assess the potential of AgNPs synthesized with Artemisia argyi leaf extract and domiphen as new antifungal agents to produce synergistic antimicrobial effects on Aspergillus fumigatus, and dissect possible molecular mechanisms of action. Plate inoculation assays combined with drug susceptibility test and cytotoxicity test showed that the combination of AgNPs and domiphen has synergistic antimicrobial effects on A. fumigatus with low cytotoxicity. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that AgNPs and domiphen inhibit the growth of A. fumigatus by suppressing nitrate assimilation, and purine nucleobase metabolic process and amino acid transmembrane transport, respectively. When the two drugs are combined, AgNPs has epistatic effects on domiphen. Moreover, the combination of AgNPs and domiphen primarily influence secondary metabolites biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis and nucleotide sugar metabolism of A. fumigatus via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions (PPI) analysis combined with validation experiments showed that the combination of AgNPs and domiphen could enhance the expression of copper transporter and inhibit nitrogen source metabolism. In addition, the synergistic antimicrobial effects could be enhanced or eliminated depending on exogenous addition of copper and nitrogen source, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis and a new strategy for the treatment of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Du
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Wenlong Du, ✉
| | - Ruolin Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufan Gu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Yi Liu, ✉
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17
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Liu Y, Zhu J, Xu L, Wang B, Lin W, Luo Y. Copper regulation of immune response and potential implications for treating orthopedic disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1065265. [PMID: 36545506 PMCID: PMC9762617 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1065265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an indispensable trace metal element in human body, and copper deficiency is rare in clinic. However, diseases associated with serum copper deficiency, such as leukopenia, neutropenia, arthritis, osteoporosis, and bone defects, are well known. Copper ions can also achieve the effect of fighting pathogenic bacteria through the "contact killing" characteristic. Copper ion is also an important cofactor of bone matrix synthase, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of orthopedic diseases. The present review highlights the biological functions of copper in immunity, bone diseases and stem cells, as well as potential drug development targeting copper status for diagnostics and therapeutics of copper-associated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- College of Basic Medical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlang Zhu
- Department of Trauma and Foot-Ankle Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Traumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Luo
- Department of Traumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Liu P, Li Y, Ye Y, Chen J, Li R, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang W, Meng Q, Ou J, Yang Z, Sun W, Gu W. The genome and antigen proteome analysis of Spiroplasma mirum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:996938. [PMID: 36406404 PMCID: PMC9666726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiroplasma mirum, small motile wall-less bacteria, was originally isolated from a rabbit tick and had the ability to infect newborn mice and caused cataracts. In this study, the whole genome and antigen proteins of S. mirum were comparative analyzed and investigated. Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, arginine metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and citrate fermentation were found in S. mirum, while trichloroacetic acid, fatty acids metabolism, phospholipid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, lactose-specific PTS, and cofactors synthesis were completely absent. The Sec systems of S. mirum consist of SecA, SecE, SecDF, SecG, SecY, and YidC. Signal peptidase II was identified in S. mirum, but no signal peptidase I. The relative gene order in S. mirum is largely conserved. Genome analysis of available species in Mollicutes revealed that they shared only 84 proteins. S. mirum genome has 381 pseudogenes, accounting for 31.6% of total protein-coding genes. This is the evidence that spiroplasma genome is under an ongoing genome reduction. Immunoproteomics, a new scientific technique combining proteomics and immunological analytical methods, provided the direction of our research on S. mirum. We identified 49 proteins and 11 proteins (9 proteins in common) in S. mirum by anti-S. mirum serum and negative serum, respectively. Forty proteins in S. mirum were identified in relation to the virulence. All these proteins may play key roles in the pathogeny and can be used in the future for diagnoses and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Rong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyu Ou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhujun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Murdoch CC, Skaar EP. Nutritional immunity: the battle for nutrient metals at the host-pathogen interface. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:657-670. [PMID: 35641670 PMCID: PMC9153222 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trace metals are essential micronutrients required for survival across all kingdoms of life. From bacteria to animals, metals have critical roles as both structural and catalytic cofactors for an estimated third of the proteome, representing a major contributor to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The reactivity of metal ions engenders them with the ability to promote enzyme catalysis and stabilize reaction intermediates. However, these properties render metals toxic at high concentrations and, therefore, metal levels must be tightly regulated. Having evolved in close association with bacteria, vertebrate hosts have developed numerous strategies of metal limitation and intoxication that prevent bacterial proliferation, a process termed nutritional immunity. In turn, bacterial pathogens have evolved adaptive mechanisms to survive in conditions of metal depletion or excess. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms by which nutrient metals shape the interactions between bacterial pathogens and animal hosts. We explore the cell-specific and tissue-specific roles of distinct trace metals in shaping bacterial infections, as well as implications for future research and new therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Murdoch
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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20
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Pisoschi AM, Iordache F, Stanca L, Gajaila I, Ghimpeteanu OM, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Roles of Nonvitamin Antioxidants in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12562-12593. [PMID: 36136726 PMCID: PMC9514372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral pathologies encompass activation of pro-oxidative pathways and inflammatory burst. Alleviating overproduction of reactive oxygen species and cytokine storm in COVID-19 is essential to counteract the immunogenic damage in endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants alleviate oxidative stress, cytokine storm, hyperinflammation, and diminish the risk of organ failure. Direct antiviral roles imply: impact on viral spike protein, interference with the ACE2 receptor, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, transmembrane protease serine 2 or furin, and impact on of helicase, papain-like protease, 3-chyomotrypsin like protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Prooxidative environment favors conformational changes in the receptor binding domain, promoting the affinity of the spike protein for the host receptor. Viral pathologies imply a vicious cycle, oxidative stress promoting inflammatory responses, and vice versa. The same was noticed with respect to the relationship antioxidant impairment-viral replication. Timing, dosage, pro-oxidative activities, mutual influences, and interference with other antioxidants should be carefully regarded. Deficiency is linked to illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Iuliana Gajaila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Oana Margarita Ghimpeteanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
- Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul
Independentei, 050095Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
- Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory,
National Institute for Research and Development in
Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
- Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul
Independentei, 050095Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Interactions between copper homeostasis and the fungal cell wall affect copper stress resistance. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010195. [PMID: 35737716 PMCID: PMC9258870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper homeostasis mechanisms are essential for microbial adaption to changing copper levels within the host during infection. In the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn), the Cn Cbi1/Bim1 protein is a newly identified copper binding and release protein that is highly induced during copper limitation. Recent studies demonstrated that Cbi1 functions in copper uptake through the Ctr1 copper transporter during copper limitation. However, the mechanism of Cbi1 action is unknown. The fungal cell wall is a dynamic structure primarily composed of carbohydrate polymers, such as chitin and chitosan, polymers known to strongly bind copper ions. We demonstrated that Cbi1 depletion affects cell wall integrity and architecture, connecting copper homeostasis with adaptive changes within the fungal cell wall. The cbi1Δ mutant strain possesses an aberrant cell wall gene transcriptional signature as well as defects in chitin / chitosan deposition and exposure. Furthermore, using Cn strains defective in chitosan biosynthesis, we demonstrated that cell wall chitosan modulates the ability of the fungal cell to withstand copper stress. Given the previously described role for Cbi1 in copper uptake, we propose that this copper-binding protein could be involved in shuttling copper from the cell wall to the copper transporter Ctr1 for regulated microbial copper uptake.
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22
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Batiha GES, Al-Gareeb AI, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, Kaushik D, Verma R, Al-Kuraishy HM. Deciphering the immunoboosting potential of macro and micronutrients in COVID support therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43516-43531. [PMID: 35391642 PMCID: PMC8989262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects human health from the effects of pathogenic organisms; however, its activity is affected when individuals become infected. These activities require a series of molecules, substrates, and energy sources that are derived from diets. The consumed nutrients from diets help to enhance the immunity of infected individuals as it relates to COVID-19 patients. This study aims to review and highlight requirement and role of macro- and micronutrients of COVID-19 patients in enhancing their immune systems. Series of studies were found to have demonstrated the enhancing potentials of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, copper, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, and selenium) in supporting the immune system's fight against respiratory infections. Each of these nutrients performs a vital role as an antiviral defense in COVID-19 patients. Appropriate consumption or intake of dietary sources that yield these nutrients will help provide the daily requirement to support the immune system in its fight against pathogenic viruses such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida M Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
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23
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Kant R, Mishra GK. Theory for nanoscale curvature induced enhanced inactivation kinetics of SARS-CoV-2. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5600-5611. [PMID: 35348150 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08390b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop a novel theory for the nanomorphology dependent outer sphere heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) rate constant () based on an energy level alignment approach. is modelled through the activation free energy, which is a product of the water monolayer covered metal work function (WF) and the fractional electronic charge exchanged at the transition state (attained through the alignment of the metal Fermi and HOMO/LUMO energy levels of the electroactive species). The theory shows that is an exponentially increasing and decreasing function of the mean curvature in concave and convex nanomorphologies, respectively, for electroactive species or proteins involving their HOMO energy. For the specific spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, we have estimated the half lifetime (t1/2) and degree of inactivation as a function of the metal WF, nanostructure mean curvature, spike protein HOMO energy, and the environmental temperature (T). By varying the metal from Ag to Au, t1/2 is reduced from 7 h to 4 min, respectively. The reduction in the copper nanoparticle size from 50 to 5 nm increases the degree of inactivation from 60 to 99.6% (with a reduction factor of 10 in t1/2). Similarly, the increase in T from 10 °C to 65 °C causes a 100 times lowering of the t1/2 and t99.9% of SARS-CoV-2 on Cu metal. The theory predicts that involving the HOMO energy level of a protein follows the surface nanostructure shape dependent order as follows: spherical nanoparticle > cylindrical nanorod > cylindrical nanopore > spherical nanocavity, while the opposite trend is observed in the case of the LUMO energy level participation. Finally, the theory shows agreement with the reported experimental data of the degree of inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Ag and Cu nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Kant
- Complex Systems Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Gaurav Kumar Mishra
- Complex Systems Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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24
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Mba IE, Nweze EI, Eze EA, Anyaegbunam ZKG. Genome plasticity in Candida albicans: A cutting-edge strategy for evolution, adaptation, and survival. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105256. [PMID: 35231665 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most implicated fungal species that grows as a commensal or opportunistic pathogen in the human host. It is associated with many life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised persons. The genome of Candida albicans is very flexible and can withstand a wide assortment of variations in a continuously changing environment. Thus, genome plasticity is central to its adaptation and has long been of considerable interest. C. albicans has a diploid heterozygous genome that is highly dynamic and can display variation from small to large scale chromosomal rearrangement and aneuploidy, which have implications in drug resistance, virulence, and pathogenicity. This review presents an up-to-date overview of recent genomic studies involving C. albicans. It discusses the accumulating evidence that shows how mitotic recombination events, ploidy dynamics, aneuploidy, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) influence evolution, adaptation, and survival in C. albicans. Understanding the factors that affect the genome is crucial for a proper understanding of species and rapid development and adjustment of therapeutic strategies to mitigate their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zikora Kizito Glory Anyaegbunam
- Institution for Drug-Herbal Medicine-Excipient-Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nsukka, Nigeria
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25
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Kolbert Z, Szőllősi R, Rónavári A, Molnár Á. Nanoforms of essential metals: from hormetic phytoeffects to agricultural potential. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1825-1840. [PMID: 34922354 PMCID: PMC8921003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vital plant functions require at least six metals (copper, iron, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, and nickel), which function as enzyme cofactors or inducers. In recent decades, rapidly evolving nanotechnology has created nanoforms of essential metals and their compounds (e.g. nZnO, nFe2O3) with a number of favourable properties over the bulk materials. The effects of nanometals on plants are concentration-dependent (hormesis) but also depend on the properties of the nanometals, the plant species, and the treatment conditions. Here, we review studies examining plant responses to essential nanometal treatments using a (multi)omics approach and emphasize the importance of gaining a holistic view of the diverse effects. Furthermore, we discuss the beneficial effects of essential nanometals on plants, which provide the basis for their application in crop production as, for example, nanopriming or nanostimulator agents, or nanofertilizers. As lower environmental impact and increased yield can be achieved by the application of essential nanometals, they support sustainable agriculture. Recent studies have actively examined the utilization of green-synthesized metal nanoparticles, which perfectly fit into the environmentally friendly trend of future agriculture. Further knowledge is required before essential nanometals can be safely applied in agriculture, but it is a promising direction that is timely to investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged H6726, Hungary
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged H6726, Hungary
| | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H6720, Hungary
| | - Árpád Molnár
- Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged H6726, Hungary
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26
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Vásquez L, Parra A, Quesille-Villalobos AM, Gálvez G, Navarrete P, Latorre M, Toro M, González M, Reyes-Jara A. Cobalamin cbiP mutant shows decreased tolerance to low temperature and copper stress in Listeria monocytogenes. Biol Res 2022; 55:9. [PMID: 35236417 PMCID: PMC8889760 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans. This pathogen activates multiple regulatory mechanisms in response to stress, and cobalamin biosynthesis might have a potential role in bacterial protection. Low temperature is a strategy used in the food industry to control bacteria proliferation; however, L. monocytogenes can grow in cold temperatures and overcome different stress conditions. In this study we selected L. monocytogenes List2-2, a strain with high tolerance to the combination of low temperature + copper, to understand whether the cobalamin biosynthesis pathway is part of the tolerance mechanism to this stress condition. For this, we characterized the transcription level of three cobalamin biosynthesis-related genes (cbiP, cbiB, and cysG) and the eutV gene, a transcriptional regulator encoding gene involved in ethanolamine metabolism, in L. monocytogenes strain List2-2 growing simultaneously under two environmental stressors: low temperature (8 °C) + copper (0.5 mM of CuSO4 × 5H2O). In addition, the gene cbiP, which encodes an essential cobyric acid synthase required in the cobalamin pathway, was deleted by homologous recombination to evaluate the impact of this gene in L. monocytogenes tolerance to a low temperature (8 °C) + different copper concentrations. RESULTS By analyzing the KEGG pathway database, twenty-two genes were involved in the cobalamin biosynthesis pathway in L. monocytogenes List2-2. The expression of genes cbiP, cbiB, and cysG, and eutV increased 6 h after the exposure to low temperature + copper. The cobalamin cbiP mutant strain List2-2ΔcbiP showed less tolerance to low temperature + copper (3 mM) than the wild-type L. monocytogenes List2-2. The addition of cyanocobalamin (5 nM) to the medium reverted the phenotype observed in List2-2ΔcbiP. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cobalamin biosynthesis is necessary for L. monocytogenes growth under stress and that the cbiP gene may play a role in the survival and growth of L. monocytogenes List2-2 at low temperature + copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, INTA Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Parra
- Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Universidad Católica del Norte, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - A M Quesille-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, INTA Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - P Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, INTA Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524 Macul, Santiago, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Latorre
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Toro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, INTA Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - M González
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - A Reyes-Jara
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, INTA Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524 Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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27
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Li Y, Li H, Sun T, Ding C. Pathogen-Host Interaction Repertoire at Proteome and Posttranslational Modification Levels During Fungal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:774340. [PMID: 34926320 PMCID: PMC8674643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.774340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of fungal diseases has increased globally in recent years, which often associated with increased immunocompromised patients, aging populations, and the novel Coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, due to the limitation of available antifungal agents mortality and morbidity rates of invasion fungal disease remain stubbornly high, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant fungi exacerbates the problem. Fungal pathogenicity and interactions between fungi and host have been the focus of many studies, as a result, lots of pathogenic mechanisms and fungal virulence factors have been identified. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a novel approach to better understand fungal pathogenicities and host–pathogen interactions at protein and protein posttranslational modification (PTM) levels. The approach has successfully elucidated interactions between pathogens and hosts by examining, for example, samples of fungal cells under different conditions, body fluids from infected patients, and exosomes. Many studies conclude that protein and PTM levels in both pathogens and hosts play important roles in progression of fungal diseases. This review summarizes mass spectrometry studies of protein and PTM levels from perspectives of both pathogens and hosts and provides an integrative conceptual outlook on fungal pathogenesis, antifungal agents development, and host–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjian Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hailong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Medical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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28
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Sloan MA, Aghabi D, Harding CR. Orchestrating a heist: uptake and storage of metals by apicomplexan parasites. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2021; 167. [PMID: 34898419 PMCID: PMC7612242 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Sloan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Dana Aghabi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK
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29
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Sun T, Li Y, Li Y, Li H, Gong Y, Wu J, Ning Y, Ding C, Xu Y. Proteomic Analysis of Copper Toxicity in Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:662404. [PMID: 34485169 PMCID: PMC8415117 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.662404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an invasive human fungal pathogen that causes more than 181,000 deaths each year. Studies have demonstrated that pulmonary C. neoformans infection induces innate immune responses involving copper, and copper detoxification in C. neoformans improves its fitness and pathogenicity during pulmonary C. neoformans infection. However, the molecular mechanism by which copper inhibits C. neoformans proliferation is unclear. We used a metallothionein double-knockout C. neoformans mutant that was highly sensitive to copper to demonstrate that exogenous copper ions inhibit fungal cell growth by inducing reactive oxygen species generation. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we found that copper down-regulated factors involved in protein translation, but up-regulated proteins involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We propose that the down-regulation of protein synthesis and the up-regulation of protein degradation are the main effects of copper toxicity. The ubiquitin modification of total protein and proteasome activity were promoted under copper stress, and inhibition of the proteasome pathway alleviated copper toxicity. Our proteomic analysis sheds new light on the antifungal mechanisms of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Sun
- Medical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjian Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingxing Li
- Medical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiyi Gong
- Medical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Medical Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Dual-purpose isocyanides produced by Aspergillus fumigatus contribute to cellular copper sufficiency and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015224118. [PMID: 33593906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015224118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of sufficient but nontoxic pools of metal micronutrients is accomplished through diverse homeostasis mechanisms in fungi. Siderophores play a well established role for iron homeostasis; however, no copper-binding analogs have been found in fungi. Here we demonstrate that, in Aspergillus fumigatus, xanthocillin and other isocyanides derived from the xan biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) bind copper, impact cellular copper content, and have significant metal-dependent antimicrobial properties. xan BGC-derived isocyanides are secreted and bind copper as visualized by a chrome azurol S (CAS) assay, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of A. fumigatus intracellular copper pools demonstrated a role for xan cluster metabolites in the accumulation of copper. A. fumigatus coculture with a variety of human pathogenic fungi and bacteria established copper-dependent antimicrobial properties of xan BGC metabolites, including inhibition of laccase activity. Remediation of xanthocillin-treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth by copper supported the copper-chelating properties of xan BGC isocyanide products. The existence of the xan BGC in several filamentous fungi suggests a heretofore unknown role of eukaryotic natural products in copper homeostasis and mediation of interactions with competing microbes.
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31
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Lorenzo-Gutiérrez D, Gómez-Gil L, Guarro J, Roncero MIG, Capilla J, López-Fernández L. Cu transporter protein CrpF protects against Cu-induced toxicity in Fusarium oxysporum. Virulence 2021; 11:1108-1121. [PMID: 32862758 PMCID: PMC7549990 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1809324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu is an essential trace element for cell growth and proliferation. However, excess of Cu accumulation leads to cellular toxicity. Thus, precise and tight regulation of Cu homeostasis processes, including transport, delivery, storage, detoxification, and efflux machineries, is required. Moreover, the maintenance of Cu homeostasis is critical for the survival and virulence of fungal pathogens. Cu homeostasis has been extensively studied in mammals, bacteria, and yeast, but it has not yet been well documented in filamentous fungi. In the present work, we investigated Cu tolerance in the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum by analysing the Cu transporter coding gene crpF, previously studied in Aspergillus fumigatus. The expression studies demonstrated that crpF is upregulated in the presence of Cu and its deletion leads to severe sensitivity to low levels of CuSO4 in F. oxysporum. Targeted deletion of crpF did not significantly alter the resistance of the fungus to macrophage killing, nor its pathogenic behaviour on the tomato plants. However, the targeted deletion mutant ΔcrpF showed increased virulence in a murine model of systemic infection compared to wild-type strain (wt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Lorenzo-Gutiérrez
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
| | - Lucía Gómez-Gil
- Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Ciencias and Campus De Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Cordoba , Cordoba, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
| | - M Isabel G Roncero
- Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Ciencias and Campus De Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Cordoba , Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Capilla
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
| | - Loida López-Fernández
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus, Spain
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32
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Mortaz E, Bezemer G, Alipoor SD, Varahram M, Mumby S, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Adcock IM. Nutritional Impact and Its Potential Consequences on COVID-19 Severity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:698617. [PMID: 34291074 PMCID: PMC8287001 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.698617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During late 2019 a viral disease due to a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China, which rapidly developed into an exploding pandemic and poses a severe threat to human health all over the world. Until now (May 2021), there are insufficient treatment options for the management of this global disease and shortage of vaccines. Important aspects that help to defeat coronavirus infection seems to be having a healthy, strong, and resilient immune system. Nutrition and metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes play a crucial role on the community health situation in general and especially during this new pandemic. There seems to be an enormous impact of lifestyle, metabolic disorders, and immune status on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and recovery. For this reason, it is important to consider the impact of lifestyle and the consumption of well-defined healthy diets during the pandemic. Aims: In this review, we summarise recent findings on the effect of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity and treatment. Understanding how specific dietary features might help to improve the public health strategies to reduce the rate and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gillina Bezemer
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Impact Station, Hilversum, Netherlands
| | - Shamila D. Alipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Rahman MM, Ahmed M, Islam MT, Khan MR, Sultana S, Maeesa SK, Hasan S, Hossain MA, Ferdous KS, Mathew B, Rauf A, Uddin MS. Nanotechnology-Based Approaches and Investigational Therapeutics against COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:948-968. [PMID: 34218774 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210701150315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus which is currently responsible for the global pandemic since December 2019. This class of coronavirus has affected 217 countries around the world. Most of the countries have taken some non-remedial preventive actions like country lockdown, work from home, travel bans, and the most significant one is social isolation. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, technologists, and all other healthcare professionals are playing a pivotal role during this pandemic. Unluckily, there is no specific drug that can treat patients who are confirmed with COVID-19, though favipiravir and remdesivir have appeared as favorable antiviral drugs. Some vaccines have already developed, and vaccination has started worldwide. Different nanotechnologies are in the developing stage in many countries for preventing SARS-COV-2 and treating COVID-19 conditions. In this article, we review the COVID-19 pandemic situation as well as the nanotechnology-based approaches and investigational therapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Md Robin Khan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Saila Kabir Maeesa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Sakib Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Md Abid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Sayma Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Kaur R, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj V, Ohri P, Sharma A, Ahmad A, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Herbal immune-boosters: Substantial warriors of pandemic Covid-19 battle. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153361. [PMID: 33485605 PMCID: PMC7532351 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current scenario depicts that world has been clenched by COVID-19 pandemic. Inevitably, public health and safety measures could be undertaken in order to dwindle the infection threat and mortality. Moreover, to overcome the global menace and drawing out world from moribund stage, there is an exigency for social distancing and quarantines. Since December, 2019, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have came into existence and up till now world is still in the state of shock.At this point of time, COVID-19 has entered perilous phase, creating havoc among individuals, and this has been directly implied due to enhanced globalisation and ability of the virus to acclimatize at all conditions. The unabated transmission is due to lack of drugs, vaccines and therapeutics against this viral outbreak. But research is still underway to formulate the vaccines or drugs by this means, as scientific communities are continuously working to unravel the pharmacologically active compounds that might offer a new insight for curbing infections and pandemics. Therefore, the topical COVID-19 situation highlights an immediate need for effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Towards this effort, the present review discusses the vital concepts related to COVID-19, in terms of its origin, transmission, clinical aspects and diagnosis. However, here, we have formulated the novel concept hitherto, ancient means of traditional medicines or herbal plants to beat this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ravdeep Kaur
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Hunsaker EW, Yu CHA, Franz KJ. Copper Availability Influences the Transcriptomic Response of Candida albicans to Fluconazole Stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6162163. [PMID: 33693623 PMCID: PMC8049437 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pathogens to maintain homeostatic levels of essential biometals is known to be important for survival and virulence in a host, which itself regulates metal availability as part of its response to infection. Given this importance of metal homeostasis, we sought to address how the availability of copper in particular impacts the response of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans to treatment with the antifungal drug fluconazole. The present study reports whole transcriptome analysis via time-course RNA-seq of C. albicans cells exposed to fluconazole with and without 10 µM supplemental CuSO4 added to the growth medium. The results show widespread impacts of small changes in Cu availability on the transcriptional response of C. albicans to fluconazole. Of the 2359 genes that were differentially expressed under conditions of cotreatment, 50% were found to be driven uniquely by exposure to both Cu and fluconazole. The breadth of metabolic processes that were affected by cotreatment illuminates a fundamental intersectionality between Cu metabolism and fungal response to drug stress. More generally, these results show that seemingly minor fluctuations in Cu availability are sufficient to shift cells’ transcriptional response to drug stress. Ultimately, the findings may inform the development of new strategies that capitalize on drug-induced vulnerabilities in metal homeostasis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Hunsaker
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Laswi I, Shafiq A, Al-Ali D, Burney Z, Pillai K, Salameh M, Mhaimeed N, Zakaria D, Chaari A, Yousri NA, Bendriss G. A Comparative Pilot Study of Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Commonalities, Specificities and Correlations with Lifestyle. Microorganisms 2021; 9:741. [PMID: 33918112 PMCID: PMC8065742 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are a common comorbidity in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), while anxiety-like behaviors are common among patients with gastrointestinal diseases. It is still unclear as to which microbes differentiate these two groups. This pilot study aims at proposing an answer by exploring both the bacteriome and the mycobiome in a cohort of 55 volunteers with NDD, GID or controls, while accounting for additional variables that are not commonly included such as probiotic intake and diet. Recruited participants answered a questionnaire and provided a stool sample using the Fisherbrand collection kit. Bacterial and fungal DNA was extracted using the Qiagen Stool minikit. Sequencing (16sRNA and ITS) and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the PE300 Illumina Miseq v3 sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using the R package. Results showed a significant decrease in bacterial alpha diversity in both NDD and GID, but an increased fungal alpha diversity in NDD. Data pointed at a significant bacterial dysbiosis between the three groups, but the mycobiome dysbiosis is more pronounced in NDD than in GID. Fungi seem to be more affected by probiotics, diet and antibiotic exposure and are proposed to be the main key player in differentiation between NDD and GID dybiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Laswi
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Ameena Shafiq
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Dana Al-Ali
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Zain Burney
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Krishnadev Pillai
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Mohammad Salameh
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Nada Mhaimeed
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Dalia Zakaria
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Noha A. Yousri
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Computers and System Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ghizlane Bendriss
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
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Ceruloplasmin as a source of Cu for a fungal pathogen. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111424. [PMID: 33765639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal for virtually all organisms, yet little is known about the extracellular sources of this micronutrient. In serum, the most abundant extracellular Cu-binding molecule is the multi‑copper oxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp). Cp levels increase during infection and inflammation, and pathogens can be exposed to high Cp at sites of infection. It is not known whether Cp might serve as a Cu source for microbial pathogens and we tested this using the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We find that C. albicans can use whole serum as a Cu source and that this Cu is sensed by the transcription factor protein Mac1. Mac1 activates expression of Mn-SOD3 superoxide dismutase and represses Cu/Zn-SOD1 during Cu starvation and both responses are regulated by serum Cu. We also show that purified human Cp can act as a sole source of Cu for the fungus and likewise modulates the Mac1 Cu stress response. To investigate whether Cp is a Cu source in serum, we compared the ability of C. albicans to use serum from wild type versus Cp-/- mutant mice. We find that serum lacking Cp is deficient in its ability to trigger the Mac1 Cu response. C. albicans did accumulate Cu from Cp-/- serum, but this Cu was not efficiently sensed by Mac1. We conclude that Cp and non-Cp Cu sources are not equivalent and are handled differently by the fungal cell. Overall, these studies are the first to show that Cp is a preferred source of Cu for a pathogen.
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Asfare S, Eldabagh R, Siddiqui K, Patel B, Kaba D, Mullane J, Siddiqui U, Arnone JT. Systematic Analysis of Functionally Related Gene Clusters in the Opportunistic Pathogen, Candida albicans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020276. [PMID: 33525750 PMCID: PMC7911571 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper balance of gene expression is essential for cellular health, organismal development, and maintaining homeostasis. In response to complex internal and external signals, the cell needs to modulate gene expression to maintain proteostasis and establish cellular identity within its niche. On a genome level, single-celled prokaryotic microbes display clustering of co-expressed genes that are regulated as a polycistronic RNA. This phenomenon is largely absent from eukaryotic microbes, although there is extensive clustering of co-expressed genes as functional pairs spread throughout the genome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While initial analysis demonstrated conservation of clustering in divergent fungal lineages, a comprehensive analysis has yet to be performed. Here we report on the prevalence, conservation, and significance of the functional clustering of co-regulated genes within the opportunistic human pathogen, Candida albicans. Our analysis reveals that there is extensive clustering within this organism-although the identity of the gene pairs is unique compared with those found in S. cerevisiae-indicating that this genomic arrangement evolved after these microbes diverged evolutionarily, rather than being the result of an ancestral arrangement. We report a clustered arrangement in gene families that participate in diverse molecular functions and are not the result of a divergent orientation with a shared promoter. This arrangement coordinates the transcription of the clustered genes to their neighboring genes, with the clusters congregating to genomic loci that are conducive to transcriptional regulation at a distance.
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Askari H, Sanadgol N, Azarnezhad A, Tajbakhsh A, Rafiei H, Safarpour AR, Gheibihayat SM, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Savardashtaki A, Ghanbariasad A, Omidifar N. Kidney diseases and COVID-19 infection: causes and effect, supportive therapeutics and nutritional perspectives. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06008. [PMID: 33495739 PMCID: PMC7817396 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has attracted the attention of scientists where it has a high mortality rate among older adults and individuals suffering from chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney diseases (CKD). It is important to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which COVID-19 affects the kidneys and accordingly develop proper nutritional and pharmacological strategies. Although numerous studies have recently recommended several approaches for the management of COVID-19 in CKD, its impact on patients with renal diseases remains the biggest challenge worldwide. In this paper, we review the most recent evidence regarding causality, potential nutritional supplements, therapeutic options, and management of COVID-19 infection in vulnerable individuals and patients with CKD. To date, there is no effective treatment for COVID-19-induced kidney dysfunction, and current treatments are yet limited to anti-inflammatory (e.g. ibuprofen) and anti-viral medications (e.g. Remdesivir, and Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine) that may increase the chance of treatment. In conclusion, the knowledge about kidney damage in COVID-19 is very limited, and this review improves our ability to introduce novel approaches for future clinical trials for this contiguous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Askari
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Asaad Azarnezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ehsan Raeis-Abdollahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Antsotegi-Uskola M, Markina-Iñarrairaegui A, Ugalde U. Copper Homeostasis in Aspergillus nidulans Involves Coordinated Transporter Function, Expression and Cellular Dynamics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:555306. [PMID: 33281756 PMCID: PMC7705104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.555306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper ion homeostasis involves a finely tuned and complex multi-level response system. This study expands on various aspects of the system in the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. An RNA-seq screen in standard growth and copper toxicity conditions revealed expression changes in key copper response elements, providing an insight into their coordinated functions. The same study allowed for the deeper characterization of the two high-affinity copper transporters: AnCtrA and AnCtrC. In mild copper deficiency conditions, the null mutant of AnctrC resulted in secondary level copper limitation effects, while deletion of AnctrA resulted in primary level copper limitation effects under extreme copper scarcity conditions. Each transporter followed a characteristic expression and cellular localization pattern. Although both proteins partially localized at the plasma membrane, AnCtrC was visible at membranes that resembled the ER, whilst a substantial pool of AnCtrA accumulated in vesicular structures resembling endosomes. Altogether, our results support the view that AnCtrC plays a major role in covering the nutritional copper requirements and AnCtrA acts as a specific transporter for extreme copper deficiency scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martzel Antsotegi-Uskola
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ane Markina-Iñarrairaegui
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Unai Ugalde
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
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Vavougios GD. Host - virus - drug interactions as determinants of COVID-19's phenotypes: A data-driven hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110275. [PMID: 33254579 PMCID: PMC7494558 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence on the significance of interactions between comorbidities, their treatments and COVID-19 clinical phenotypes. The hypothesis explored herein is that pharmaceutical compounds currently in use are affecting COVID-19 susceptibility and phenotypes by overlapping transcriptional networks. Using two distinct SARS-CoV-2 - host interactomes, gene set enrichment analysis is used to discover compounds and assorted gene signatures derived from SARS-CoV-2 interactomes. Micronutrients, antiplatelets, ACE2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, corticosteroids and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among the compounds discovered. Considering the implication of their associated comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are associated with severe COVID-19, this study outlines the need to consider specific compounds as modulators of the observed COVID-19 spectrum. Furthermore, given that micronutrient trafficking may be targeted by viral processes, and display synergism with other enriched compounds, such as statins, studies assessing their levels prior and during infection are more than warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, P.C. 115 21, Athens, Greece; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, P.C. 41500 Larissa, Greece; Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou 2 - 4, P.C. 35 131 Galaneika, Lamia, Greece.
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42
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Sahin E, Orhan C, Uckun FM, Sahin K. Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients. Front Nutr 2020; 7:580504. [PMID: 33195370 PMCID: PMC7642511 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.580504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 caused a major global pandemic and continues to be an unresolved global health crisis. The supportive care interventions for reducing the severity of symptoms along with participation in clinical trials of investigational treatments are the mainstay of COVID-19 management because there is no effective standard therapy for COVID-19. The comorbidity of COVID-19 rises in obese patients. Micronutrients may boost the host immunity against viral infections, including COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact potential of supplemental nutrients as adjuncts of therapy in high-risk COVID-19 for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih M. Uckun
- COVID-19 Task Force, Reven Pharmaceuticals, Golden, CO, United States
- Department of Developmental Therapeutics, Immunology and Integrative Medicine, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Andrei A, Öztürk Y, Khalfaoui-Hassani B, Rauch J, Marckmann D, Trasnea PI, Daldal F, Koch HG. Cu Homeostasis in Bacteria: The Ins and Outs. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E242. [PMID: 32962054 PMCID: PMC7558416 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide dismutation. However, due to its toxicity, cells have developed elaborate mechanisms for Cu homeostasis, which balance Cu supply for cuproprotein biogenesis with the need to remove excess Cu. This review summarizes our current knowledge on bacterial Cu homeostasis with a focus on Gram-negative bacteria and describes the multiple strategies that bacteria use for uptake, storage and export of Cu. We furthermore describe general mechanistic principles that aid the bacterial response to toxic Cu concentrations and illustrate dedicated Cu relay systems that facilitate Cu delivery for cuproenzyme biogenesis. Progress in understanding how bacteria avoid Cu poisoning while maintaining a certain Cu quota for cell proliferation is of particular importance for microbial pathogens because Cu is utilized by the host immune system for attenuating pathogen survival in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Andrei
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
- Fakultät für Biologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yavuz Öztürk
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Juna Rauch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Dorian Marckmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Fevzi Daldal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Hans-Georg Koch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
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Chaari A, Bendriss G, Zakaria D, McVeigh C. Importance of Dietary Changes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Upgrade Your Immune Response. Front Public Health 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32984253 PMCID: PMC7481450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic continues to spread causing further public health, social, and economic issues. The disparities in the rates of death between countries poses questions about the importance of lifestyle habits and the immune status of populations. An exploration of dietary habits and COVID-19-related death might unravel associations between these two variables. Indeed, while both nutritional excess and deficiency are associated with immunodeficiency, adequate nutrition leading to an optimally functioning immune system may be associated with better outcomes with regards to preventing infection and complications of COVID-19, as well as developing a better immune response to other pathogenic viruses and microorganisms. This article outlines the key functions of the immune system and how macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolites from the gut microbiome can be essential in the development of an efficient immune system. In addition, the effects of intermittent fasting on the inflammatory state as well as metabolic parameters will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Hossain MF, Abdulhakim JA, Alam MA, Ashraf GM, Bungau SG, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Aleya L. nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:616. [PMID: 32754599 PMCID: PMC7365855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related epidemic was first observed in Wuhan, China. In 2020, owing to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus, this widespread novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic. Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. Unfortunately, still, there is no specific drug that has been validated in large-scale studies to treat patients with confirmed nCOVID-19. However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug. Currently, a large-scale study on remdesivir (i.e., 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once/day) is ongoing to evaluate its clinical efficacy to treat nCOVID-19. Good antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not observed with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Nonetheless, the combination of umifenovir and LPV/r was found to have better antiviral activity. Furthermore, a combination of hydroxychloroquine (i.e., 200 mg 3 times/day) and azithromycin (i.e., 500 mg on first day, then 250 mg/day from day 2-5) also exhibited good activity. Currently, there are also ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this article, we have analyzed the genetic diversity and molecular pathogenesis of nCOVID-19. We also present possible therapeutic options for nCOVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Farhad Hossain
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Jawaher A. Abdulhakim
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona G. Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
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Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Chourdakis M, Jeewandara C, Ranasinghe P. Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:367-382. [PMID: 32334392 PMCID: PMC7161532 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Balanced nutrition which can help in maintaining immunity is essential for prevention and management of viral infections. While data regarding nutrition in coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are not available, in this review, we aimed to evaluate evidence from previous clinical trials that studied nutrition-based interventions for viral diseases (with special emphasis on respiratory infections), and summarise our observations. METHODS A systematic search strategy was employed using keywords to search the literature in 3 key medical databases: PubMed®, Web of Science® and SciVerse Scopus®. Studies were considered eligible if they were controlled trials in humans, measuring immunological parameters, on viral and respiratory infections. Clinical trials on vitamins, minerals, nutraceuticals and probiotics were included. RESULTS A total of 640 records were identified initially and 22 studies were included from other sources. After excluding duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 43 studies were obtained (vitamins: 13; minerals: 8; nutraceuticals: 18 and probiotics: 4). Among vitamins, A and D showed a potential benefit, especially in deficient populations. Among trace elements, selenium and zinc have also shown favourable immune-modulatory effects in viral respiratory infections. Several nutraceuticals and probiotics may also have some role in enhancing immune functions. Micronutrients may be beneficial in nutritionally depleted elderly population. CONCLUSIONS We summaries possible benefits of some vitamins, trace elements, nutraceuticals and probiotics in viral infections. Nutrition principles based on these data could be useful in possible prevention and management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 4, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- National Center for Primary Care and Allergy Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Abstract
The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). To deal with this array of threats, the immune system has evolved to include a myriad of specialised cell types, communicating molecules and functional responses. The immune system is always active, carrying out surveillance, but its activity is enhanced if an individual becomes infected. This heightened activity is accompanied by an increased rate of metabolism, requiring energy sources, substrates for biosynthesis and regulatory molecules, which are all ultimately derived from the diet. A number of vitamins (A, B6, B12, folate, C, D and E) and trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) have been demonstrated to have key roles in supporting the human immune system and reducing risk of infections. Other essential nutrients including other vitamins and trace elements, amino acids and fatty acids are also important. Each of the nutrients named above has roles in supporting antibacterial and antiviral defence, but zinc and selenium seem to be particularly important for the latter. It would seem prudent for individuals to consume sufficient amounts of essential nutrients to support their immune system to help them deal with pathogens should they become infected. The gut microbiota plays a role in educating and regulating the immune system. Gut dysbiosis is a feature of disease including many infectious diseases and has been described in COVID-19. Dietary approaches to achieve a healthy microbiota can also benefit the immune system. Severe infection of the respiratory epithelium can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterised by excessive and damaging host inflammation, termed a cytokine storm. This is seen in cases of severe COVID-19. There is evidence from ARDS in other settings that the cytokine storm can be controlled by n-3 fatty acids, possibly through their metabolism to specialised pro-resolving mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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48
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Li H, Li Y, Sun T, Du W, Zhang Z, Li D, Ding C. Integrative Proteome and Acetylome Analyses of Murine Responses to Cryptococcus neoformans Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575. [PMID: 32362878 PMCID: PMC7181412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a causative agent for pulmonary infection and meningoencephalitis. Understanding the host’s response to C. neoformans infection is critical for developing effective treatment. Even though some have elucidated the host response at the transcriptome level, little is known about how it modulates its defense machinery through the proteome mechanism or how protein posttranslational modification responds to the infection. In this work, we employed a murine infection model and mass spectrometry to systematically determine the proteome and acetylome statuses of lungs and brains in the early stage of infection. To extensively analyze the host response, we integrated the proteome data to the transcriptome results. Critical genes, including genes involved in phagosome, lysosome, and platelet activation are significantly altered in protein and gene expression during infection. In the acetylome analysis, we demonstrated that lung and brain tissues differentially regulate protein acetylation during infection. The three primary groups of proteins altered in acetylation status are histones, proteins involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, and proteins from the immune system. These analyses provide an integrative regulation network of the host responding to C. neoformans and shed new light on understanding the host’s regulation mechanism when responding to C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanjian Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Du
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dancheng Li
- Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Pletzer D, Sun E, Ritchie C, Wilkinson L, Liu LT, Trimble MJ, Wolfmeier H, Blimkie TM, Hancock REW. Surfing motility is a complex adaptation dependent on the stringent stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008444. [PMID: 32208458 PMCID: PMC7122816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that affects mucin-producing body organs such as the lungs. Characteristic of CF is the production of thick, viscous mucus, containing the glycoprotein mucin, that can lead to progressive airway obstruction. Recently, we demonstrated that the presence of mucin induced a rapid surface adaptation in motile bacteria termed surfing motility, which data presented here indicates is very different from swarming motility. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the main colonizing pathogen in CF, employs several stress coping mechanisms to survive the highly viscous environment of the CF lung. We used motility-based assays and RNA-Seq to study the stringent stress response in the hypervirulent CF isolate LESB58 (Liverpool Epidemic Strain). Motility experiments revealed that an LESB58 stringent response mutant (ΔrelAΔspoT) was unable to surf. Transcriptional profiling of ΔrelAΔspoT mutant cells from surfing agar plates, when compared to wild-type cells from the surfing edge, revealed 2,584 dysregulated genes. Gene Ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed effects of the stringent response on amino acid, nucleic acid and fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle and glycolysis, type VI secretion, as well as chemotaxis, cell communication, iron transport, nitrogen metabolic processes and cyclic-di-GMP signalling. Screening of the ordered PA14 transposon library revealed 224 mutants unable to surf and very limited overlap with genes required for swarming. Mutants affecting surfing included two downstream effector genes of the stringent stress response, the copper regulator cueR and the quinolone synthase pqsH. Both the cueR and pqsH cloned genes complemented the surfing deficiency of ΔrelAΔspoT. Our study revealed insights into stringent stress dependency in LESB58 and showed that surfing motility is stringently-controlled via the expression of cueR and pqsH. Downstream factors of the stringent stress response are important to investigate in order to fully understand its ability to colonize and persist in the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pletzer
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (DP); (REWH)
| | - Evelyn Sun
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caleb Ritchie
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lauren Wilkinson
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Leo T. Liu
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael J. Trimble
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Heidi Wolfmeier
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Travis M. Blimkie
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail: (DP); (REWH)
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Gomaa MN, Almaghrabi OA, Elshoura AA, Soliman AM, Gharieb MM. Novel mixture of chloroxylenol and copper alters Candida albicans biofilm formation, biochemical characteristics, and morphological features. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1787664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Gomaa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - O. A. Almaghrabi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. A. Elshoura
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. M. Soliman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - M. M. Gharieb
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
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