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Zohri M, Arefian E, Azizi Z, Akbari Javar H, Shadboorestan A, Fatahi Y, Chogan F, Taheri M, Karoobi S, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Bonakdar S, Gazori T, Mohammadi S, Saadatpour F, Ghahremani MH. Activation of the BMP2/SMAD4 signaling pathway for enhancing articular cartilage regeneration of mesenchymal stem cells utilizing chitosan/alginate nanoparticles on 3D extracellular matrix scaffold. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133995. [PMID: 39038571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of using chitosan/alginate nanoparticles loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic-2 (rhBMP-2) and SMAD4 encoding plasmid to enhance the chondrogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) seeded on an extracellular matrix (ECM). The research treatments included the stem cells treated with the biological cocktail (BC), negative control (NC), hBM-MSCs with chondrogenic medium (MCM), hBM-MSCs with naked rhBMP-2 and chondrogenic medium (NB/C), and hBM-MSCs with naked rhBMP-2 and chondrogenic medium plus SMAD4 encoding plasmid transfected with polyethyleneimine (PEI) (NB/C/S/P). The cartilage differentiation was performed with real-time quantitative PCR analysis and alizarin blue staining. The data indicated that the biological cocktail (BC) exhibited significantly higher expression of cartilage-related genes compared to significant differences with MCM and negative control (NC) on chondrogenesis. In the (NB/C/S/P), the expression levels of SOX9 and COLX were lower than those in the BC group. The expression pattern of the ACAN gene was similar to COL2A1 changes suggesting that it holds promising potential for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zohri
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraz Chogan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Karoobi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Gazori
- Trita Nanomedicine Research Center (TNRC), Trita Third Millennium Pharmaceuticals, 1917733831 Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Di Matteo V, Di Filippo MF, Ballarin B, Bonvicini F, Iaquinta MR, Panzavolta S, Mazzoni E, Cassani MC. Porous titanium scaffolds modified with Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) with enhanced osteogenic activity for the prevention of implant-associated infections. Front Chem 2024; 12:1452670. [PMID: 39268004 PMCID: PMC11390653 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1452670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8) was coated on porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds, either bare or previously modified using hydroxyapatite (HA) or HA and gelatin (HAgel), via a growing single-step method in aqueous media using two contact times at 6 h and 24 h. The coated scaffolds termed ZIF-8@Ti, ZIF-8@HA/Ti, and ZIF-8@HAgel/Ti were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and molecular plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). In order to assess the cell proliferation rate, the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated in primary osteoblasts (hOBs) using alamarBlue assay, while the osteoconductivity was analyzed in hOBs using a real-time approach, evaluating the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1). Osteopontin, which is the protein encoded by this gene, represents the major non-collagenous bone protein that binds tightly to HA. The scaffolds were shown to be non-cytotoxic based on hOB proliferation at all time points of analysis (24 h and 72 h). In hOB cultures, the scaffolds induced the upregulation of SPP1 with different fold changes. Some selected scaffolds were assayed in vitro for their antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus epidermidis; the scaffolds coated with ZIF-8 crystals, regardless of the presence of HA and gelatin, strongly inhibited bacterial adhesion to the materials and reduced bacterial proliferation in the culture medium, demonstrating the suitable release of ZIF-8 in a bioactive form. These experiments suggest that the innovative scaffolds, tested herein, provide a good microenvironment for hOB adhesion, viability, and osteoconduction with effective prevention of S. epidermidis adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Matteo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Ballarin
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonvicini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Panzavolta
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cassani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Iwaki T, Sawaji Y, Masaoka T, Fukada E, Date M, Yamamoto K. Investigation of the effectiveness of intermittent electromagnetic field stimulation for early internal cartilaginous ossification in prechondrocytic ATDC5 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:226-234. [PMID: 38546158 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has been widely applied clinically to promote bone healing; however, its detailed mechanism of action, particularly in endochondral ossification, remains elusive, and long-term stimulation is required for its satisfactory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation using a mouse prechondroblast cell line (ATDC5), and establish an efficient PEMF stimulation strategy for endochondral ossification. The changes in cell differentiation (gene expression levels of aggrecan, type II collagen, and type X collagen) and proliferation (cellular uptake of bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU]) in ATDC5 cells in the presence or absence of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, was measured. The effects of continuous and intermittent PEMF stimulation on changes in cell differentiation and proliferation were compared. Rapamycin significantly suppressed the induction of cell differentiation markers and the cell proliferation activity. Furthermore, only intermittent PEMF stimulation continuously activated the mTOR pathway in ATDC5 cells, significantly promoting cell proliferation. These results demonstrate the involvement of the mTOR pathway in chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation and suggest that intermittent PEMF stimulation could be effective as a stimulus for endochondral ossification during fracture healing process, thereby reducing stimulation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Sawaji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Masaoka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Fukada
- Laboratory of piezoelectricity, Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehiro Date
- Laboratory of piezoelectricity, Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Lanzillotti C, Iaquinta MR, De Pace R, Mosaico M, Patergnani S, Giorgi C, Tavoni M, Dapporto M, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Montesi M, Martini F, Mazzoni E. Osteosarcoma cell death induced by innovative scaffolds doped with chemotherapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31256. [PMID: 38591855 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) cancer treatments include systemic chemotherapy and surgical resection. In the last years, novel treatment approaches have been proposed, which employ a drug-delivery system to prevent offside effects and improves treatment efficacy. Locally delivering anticancer compounds improves on high local concentrations with more efficient tumour-killing effect, reduced drugs resistance and confined systemic effects. Here, the synthesis of injectable strontium-doped calcium phosphate (SrCPC) scaffold was proposed as drug delivery system to combine bone tissue regeneration and anticancer treatment by controlled release of methotrexate (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX), coded as SrCPC-MTX and SrCPC-DOX, respectively. The drug-loaded cements were tested in an in vitro model of human OS cell line SAOS-2, engineered OS cell line (SAOS-2-eGFP) and U2-OS. The ability of doped scaffolds to induce OS cell death and apoptosis was assessed analysing cell proliferation and Caspase-3/7 activities, respectively. To determine if OS cells grown on doped-scaffolds change their migratory ability and invasiveness, a wound-healing assay was performed. In addition, the osteogenic potential of SrCPC material was evaluated using human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells. Osteogenic markers such as (i) the mineral matrix deposition was analysed by alizarin red staining; (ii) the osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, and (iii) the osteogenic process was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction array. The delivery system induced cell-killing cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in OS cell lines up to Day 7. SrCPC demonstrates a good cytocompatibility and it induced upregulation of osteogenic genes involved in the skeletal development pathway, together with OCN protein expression and mineral matrix deposition. The proposed approach, based on the local, sustained release of anticancer drugs from nanostructured biomimetic drug-loaded cements is promising for future therapies aiming to combine bone regeneration and anticancer local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lanzillotti
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Mosaico
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratories of Cell Signalling, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratories of Cell Signalling, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Tavoni
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dapporto
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Kathami N, Moreno-Vicente C, Martín P, Vergara-Arce JA, Ruiz-Hernández R, Gerovska D, Aransay AM, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Camarero-Espinosa S, Abarrategi A. rhBMP-2 induces terminal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells only by synergizing with other signals. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:124. [PMID: 38679735 PMCID: PMC11057131 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) have been thoroughly studied for research and translational bone regeneration purposes. rhBMP-2 induces bone formation in vivo, and hBM-MSCs are its target, bone-forming cells. In this article, we studied how rhBMP-2 drives the multilineage differentiation of hBM-MSCs both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS rhBMP-2 and hBM-MSCs were tested in an in vivo subcutaneous implantation model to assess their ability to form mature bone and undergo multilineage differentiation. Then, the hBM-MSCs were treated in vitro with rhBMP-2 for short-term or long-term cell-culture periods, alone or in combination with osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic media, aiming to determine the role of rhBMP-2 in these differentiation processes. RESULTS The data indicate that hBM-MSCs respond to rhBMP-2 in the short term but fail to differentiate in long-term culture conditions; these cells overexpress the rhBMP-2 target genes DKK1, HEY-1 and SOST osteogenesis inhibitors. However, in combination with other differentiation signals, rhBMP-2 acts as a potentiator of multilineage differentiation, not only of osteogenesis but also of adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data indicate that rhBMP-2 alone is unable to induce in vitro osteogenic terminal differentiation of hBM-MSCs, but synergizes with other signals to potentiate multiple differentiation phenotypes. Therefore, rhBMP-2 triggers on hBM-MSCs different specific phenotype differentiation depending on the signalling environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kathami
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jhonatan A Vergara-Arce
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Hernández
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana M Aransay
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.
- Regenerative Medicine and Disease Models Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Paseo Miramón, 194, 20014, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
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Su DB, Zhao ZX, Yin DC, Ye YJ. Promising application of pulsed electromagnetic fields on tissue repair and regeneration. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 187:36-50. [PMID: 38280492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration is a vital biological process in organisms, which is influenced by various internal mechanisms and microenvironments. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are becoming a potential medical technology due to its advantages of effectiveness and non-invasiveness. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PEMFs can stimulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation, regulate inflammatory reactions, accelerate wound healing, which is of great significance for tissue regeneration and repair, providing a solid basis for enlarging its clinical application. However, some important issues such as optimal parameter system and potential deep mechanisms remain to be resolved due to PEMFs window effect and biological complexity. Thus, it is of great importance to comprehensively summarizing and analyzing the literature related to the biological effects of PEMFs in tissue regeneration and repair. This review expounded the biological effects of PEMFs on stem cells, inflammation response, wound healing and musculoskeletal disorders in order to improve the application value of PEMFs in medicine. It is believed that with the continuous exploration of biological effects of PEMFs, it will be applied increasingly widely to tissue repair and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Bo Su
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zi-Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ya-Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Xie S, Zeng D, Luo H, Zhong P, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zhang P. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and pulsed electrical stimulation synergistically promoted osteogenic differentiation on MC-3T3-E1 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04916-8. [PMID: 38228982 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) plays an important role in regulating cell osteoblast differentiation. As a noninvasive rehabilitation therapy method, Es has a unique role in postoperative recovery. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is the most commonly used bioactive molecule in in situ tissue engineering scaffolds, and it plays an important regulatory role in the whole process of bone injury repair. In this study, the osteogenic regulation of MC-3T3-E1 cells was studied by combining pulsed electrical stimulation (PES) and different concentrations of BMP-2. The results showed that PES and BMP-2 could synergically promote the proliferation of MC-3T3-E1 cells. The qPCR results of osteoblast-related genes showed that PES was synergistic with BMP-2 to promote osteoblast differentiation mainly through the regulation of the Smad/BMP and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathways. The expression level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining further demonstrated the synergistic effect of PES and BMP-2 on promoting osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of cells. PES and BMP-2 could also synergically promote cell proliferation, expression of collagen I (COL-I) and ALP, and cell mineralization on the 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffold. These results suggest that the use of PES can enhance the osteogenic effect of in situ bone repair scaffolds containing BMP-2, reduce the dose of BMP-2 alone, and reduce the possible side effects of high-dose BMP-2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Deming Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
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8
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Li SD, Xing W, Wang SC, Li YB, Jiang H, Zheng HX, Li XM, Yang J, Guo DB, Xie XY, Jiang RQ, Fan C, Li L, Xu X, Fei J. Fibulin2: a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation in infected bone fracture healing. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:443-456. [PMID: 36797542 PMCID: PMC9981700 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture remains a common occurrence, with a population-weighted incidence of approximately 3.21 per 1000. In addition, approximately 2% to 50% of patients with skeletal fractures will develop an infection, one of the causes of disordered bone healing. Dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a key role in disordered bone repair. However, the specific mechanisms underlying BMSC dysfunction caused by bone infection are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that Fibulin2 expression was upregulated in infected bone tissues and that BMSCs were the source of infection-induced Fibulin2. Importantly, Fibulin2 knockout accelerated mineralized bone formation during skeletal development and inhibited inflammatory bone resorption. We demonstrated that Fibulin2 suppressed BMSC osteogenic differentiation by binding to Notch2 and inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway. Moreover, Fibulin2 knockdown restored Notch2 pathway activation and promoted BMSC osteogenesis; these outcomes were abolished by DAPT, a Notch inhibitor. Furthermore, transplanted Fibulin2 knockdown BMSCs displayed better bone repair potential in vivo. Altogether, Fibulin2 is a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation that inhibits osteogenesis by inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway in infected bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xuan Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Montreal Neurological Hospital, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Bin Guo
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qing Jiang
- Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fan
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Fei
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Chen Y, Lu C, Shang X, Wu K, Chen K. Primary cilia: The central role in the electromagnetic field induced bone healing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1062119. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1062119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia have emerged as the cellular “antenna” that can receive and transduce extracellular chemical/physical signals, thus playing an important role in regulating cellular activities. Although the electromagnetic field (EMF) is an effective treatment for bone fractures since 1978, however, the detailed mechanisms leading to such positive effects are still unclear. Primary cilia may play a central role in receiving EMF signals, translating physical signals into biochemical information, and initiating various signalingsignaling pathways to transduce signals into the nucleus. In this review, we elucidated the process of bone healing, the structure, and function of primary cilia, as well as the application and mechanism of EMF in treating fracture healing. To comprehensively understand the process of bone healing, we used bioinformatics to analyze the molecular change and associated the results with other studies. Moreover, this review summarizedsummarized some limitations in EMFs-related research and provides an outlook for ongoing studies. In conclusion, this review illustrated the primary cilia and related molecular mechanisms in the EMF-induced bone healing process, and it may shed light on future research.
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10
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Guillot-Ferriols M, Lanceros-Méndez S, Gómez Ribelles JL, Gallego Ferrer G. Electrical stimulation: Effective cue to direct osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells? BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212918. [PMID: 35913228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a major role in bone tissue engineering (BTE) thanks to their capacity for osteogenic differentiation and being easily available. In vivo, MSCs are exposed to an electroactive microenvironment in the bone niche, which has piezoelectric properties. The correlation between the electrically active milieu and bone's ability to adapt to mechanical stress and self-regenerate has led to using electrical stimulation (ES) as physical cue to direct MSCs differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage in BTE. This review summarizes the different techniques to electrically stimulate MSCs to induce their osteoblastogenesis in vitro, including general electrical stimulation and substrate mediated stimulation by means of conductive or piezoelectric cell culture supports. Several aspects are covered, including stimulation parameters, treatment times and cell culture media to summarize the best conditions for inducing MSCs osteogenic commitment by electrical stimulation, from a critical point of view. Electrical stimulation activates different signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) Smad-dependent or independent, regulated by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38. The roles of voltage gate calcium channels (VGCC) and integrins are also highlighted according to their application technique and parameters, mainly converging in the expression of RUNX2, the master regulator of the osteogenic differentiation pathway. Despite the evident lack of homogeneity in the approaches used, the ever-increasing scientific evidence confirms ES potential as an osteoinductive cue, mimicking aspects of the in vivo microenvironment and moving one step forward to the translation of this approach into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guillot-Ferriols
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Lanceros-Méndez
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Universidade do Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J L Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - G Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
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11
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Khoshnood N, Shahrezayee MH, Shahrezayee M, Shams A, Zamanian A. Biological study of polyethyleneimine functionalized polycaprolactone
3D
‐printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Khoshnood
- Biomaterials Research Group Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Shahrezayee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine AJA University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Shams
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Biomaterials Research Group Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
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12
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Vermeulen S, Birgani ZT, Habibovic P. Biomaterial-induced pathway modulation for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Wang N, Gan G, Yang J, Wang L. Barbaloin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Involvement of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:6100-6111. [PMID: 35770399 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220629150656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barbaloin, found in Aloe vera, exerts broad pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. This study aims to investigate the effects of barbaloin on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). METHODS Osteogenic induction of hBMSCs was performed in the presence or absence of barbaloin. Cell viability was determined by using the CCK-8 assay. The characteristic of hBMSCs was identified by using flow cytometry. Intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was performed to evaluate the ALP activity in hBMSCs. Alizarin Red S staining was performed to evaluate the matrix mineralization. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were determined using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Treatment with barbaloin (10 and 20 μg/mL) significantly increased cell viability of hBMSCs after 72 hours. In addition, treatment with barbaloin increased the mRNA expression levels of ALP and its activities. Treatment with barbaloin also increased matrix mineralization and the mRNA and protein levels of late-differentiated osteoblast marker genes BMP2, RUNX2, and SP7 in hBMSCs. The underlying mechanisms revealed that barbaloin increased the protein expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related biomarkers. CONCLUSION Barbaloin promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research; No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guoli Gan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research; No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jihao Yang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research; No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Stomatological Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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14
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Long-term repair of porcine articular cartilage using cryopreservable, clinically compatible human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrocytes. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:77. [PMID: 34815400 PMCID: PMC8611001 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) impacts hundreds of millions of people worldwide, with those affected incurring significant physical and financial burdens. Injuries such as focal defects to the articular surface are a major contributing risk factor for the development of OA. Current cartilage repair strategies are moderately effective at reducing pain but often replace damaged tissue with biomechanically inferior fibrocartilage. Here we describe the development, transcriptomic ontogenetic characterization and quality assessment at the single cell level, as well as the scaled manufacturing of an allogeneic human pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocyte formulation that exhibits long-term functional repair of porcine articular cartilage. These results define a new potential clinical paradigm for articular cartilage repair and mitigation of the associated risk of OA.
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15
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Della Bella E, Pagani S, Martini F, De Mattei M. Editorial: The Epigenetics in Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:784791. [PMID: 34746159 PMCID: PMC8569890 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Pagani
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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16
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Zhang X, van Rijt S. 2D biointerfaces to study stem cell-ligand interactions. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:80-96. [PMID: 34237424 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have great potential in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their inherent regenerative capabilities. However, an ongoing challenge within their clinical translation is to elicit or predict the desired stem cell behavior once transplanted. Stem cell behavior and function are regulated by their interaction with biophysical and biochemical signals present in their natural environment (i.e., stem cell niches). To increase our understanding about the interplay between stem cells and their resident microenvironments, biointerfaces have been developed as tools to study how these substrates can affect stem cell behaviors. This article aims to review recent developments on fabricating cell-instructive interfaces to control cell adhesion processes towards directing stem cell behavior. After an introduction on stem cells and their natural environment, static surfaces exhibiting predefined biochemical signals to probe the effect of chemical features on stem cell behaviors are discussed. In the third section, we discuss more complex dynamic platforms able to display biochemical cues with spatiotemporal control using on-off ligand display, reversible ligand display, and ligand mobility. In the last part of the review, we provide the reader with an outlook on future designs of biointerfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stem cells have great potential as treatments for many degenerative disorders prevalent in our aging societies. However, an ongoing challenge within their clinical translation is to promote stem cell mediated regeneration once they are transplanted in the body. Stem cells reside within our bodies where their behavior and function are regulated by interactions with their natural environment called the stem cell niche. To increase our understanding about the interplay between stem cells and their niche, 2D materials have been developed as tools to study how specific signals can affect stem cell behaviors. This article aims to review recent developments on fabricating cell-instructive interfaces to control cell adhesion processes towards directing stem cell behavior.
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17
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Lanzillotti C, De Mattei M, Mazziotta C, Taraballi F, Rotondo JC, Tognon M, Martini F. Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs Interplay in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646032. [PMID: 33898434 PMCID: PMC8063120 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained great attention as epigenetic regulators of gene expression in many tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs, together with microRNAs (miRNAs), play a pivotal role in osteogenesis. While miRNA action mechanism relies mainly on miRNA-mRNA interaction, resulting in suppressed expression, lncRNAs affect mRNA functionality through different activities, including interaction with miRNAs. Recent advances in RNA sequencing technology have improved knowledge into the molecular pathways regulated by the interaction of lncRNAs and miRNAs. This review reports on the recent knowledge of lncRNAs and miRNAs roles as key regulators of osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, we described herein the recent discoveries on lncRNA-miRNA crosstalk during the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM), as well as from different other anatomical regions. The deep understanding of the connection between miRNAs and lncRNAs during the osteogenic differentiation will strongly improve knowledge into the molecular mechanisms of bone growth and development, ultimately leading to discover innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools for osteogenic disorders and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lanzillotti
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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18
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Mehta KJ. Role of iron and iron-related proteins in mesenchymal stem cells: Cellular and clinical aspects. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7266-7289. [PMID: 33821487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in various tissues where these cells show niche-dependent multilineage differentiation and secrete immunomodulatory molecules to support numerous physiological processes. Due to their regenerative and reparative properties, MSCs are extremely valuable for cell-based therapy in tackling several pathological conditions including COVID-19. Iron is essential for MSC processes but iron-loading, which is common in several chronic conditions, hinders normal MSC functionality. This not only aggravates disease pathology but can also affect allogeneic and autologous MSC therapy. Thus, understanding MSCs from an iron perspective is of clinical significance. Accordingly, this review highlights the roles of iron and iron-related proteins in MSC physiology. It describes the contribution of iron and endogenous iron-related effectors like hepcidin, ferroportin, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin, lipocalin-2, bone morphogenetic proteins and hypoxia inducible factors in MSC biology. It summarises the excess-iron-induced alterations in MSC components, processes and discusses signalling pathways involving ROS, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, p53, AMPK/MFF/DRP1 and Wnt. Additionally, it evaluates the endogenous and exogenous saviours of MSCs against iron-toxicity. Lastly, it elaborates on the involvement of MSCs in the pathology of clinical conditions of iron-excess, namely, hereditary hemochromatosis, diabetes, β-thalassaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. This unique review integrates the distinct fields of iron regulation and MSC physiology. Through an iron-perspective, it describes both mechanistic and clinical aspects of MSCs and proposes an iron-linked MSC-contribution to physiology, pathology and therapeutics. It advances the understanding of MSC biology and may aid in identifying signalling pathways, molecular targets and compounds for formulating adjunctive iron-based therapies for excess-iron conditions, and thereby inform regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha J Mehta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Education, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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Mazziotta C, Lanzillotti C, Iaquinta MR, Taraballi F, Torreggiani E, Rotondo JC, Otòn-Gonzalez L, Mazzoni E, Frontini F, Bononi I, De Mattei M, Tognon M, Martini F. MicroRNAs Modulate Signaling Pathways in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2362. [PMID: 33673409 PMCID: PMC7956574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues and they have been closely studied in recent years, especially in view of their potential use for treating diseases and damaged tissues and organs. MSCs are capable of self-replication and differentiation into osteoblasts and are considered an important source of cells in tissue engineering for bone regeneration. Several epigenetic factors are believed to play a role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that are able to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by binding the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, which can be subsequently degraded or translationally silenced. MiRNAs control gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating two crucial signaling cascades in osteogenesis: the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and the Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of the miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation and how these miRNAs could regulate the expression of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Carmen Lanzillotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Lucia Otòn-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Frontini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 70, Eliporto Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Mesgarzadeh AH, Nasiri I, Jarolmasjed S, Naghibi M, Shafaei H. Evaluation of bone regeneration in mandible large defect using undifferentiated adipose stem cells loaded on gelatin carrier: An animal model case study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:22-29. [PMID: 33927837 PMCID: PMC8058160 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Large mandibular defects are considered difficult reconstructive challenges for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Cell therapy, as an alternative technique, might increase the speed of bone regeneration. This study aimed to investigate bone regeneration in large defects of dog mandibles using allogenic adipose-derived stem cells on gelatin foam as a cell carrier. Methods. The tissue engineering phase consisted of the sampling of adult dogs' adipose tissue that can easily be isolated from adipose stem cells (ASCs) of the dogs, ASCs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM, Gibco, USA) with low glucose, containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma, USA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco, USA), with the characterization of dog ASCs and gelatin-transplanted ASCs. Six dogs were included in this experimental study in the next step and randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. The samples in both groups underwent surgery under general anesthesia to create uniform 3-cm bony defects. The samples in both groups were reconstructed with titanium reconstruction plates and screws. A large bone gap filled with ASCs (5×106 ) was seeded on gelatin (ASCs) in the treatment group. In the control group, bony defects were filled with a cell delivery carrier without ASCs. Six months after transplantation, the animals' mandibles were evaluated by CT scan imaging, and the results were quantified through the Hounsfield unit (HU). The data were analyzed with t-test. Results. Before transplantation, the nature of the stem cells was confirmed by the expression of CD44 and CD105 cell markers at 71.9% and 89.3%, respectively, and a lack of the CD45 cell marker expression at 2.2%. Evaluation of CT scan images showed significantly higher bone repair in the ASCs group (920.25±572.92 HU) than in the control group (-94.746± 08.42). Conclusion. The bone regeneration of the ASCs group was significantly higher than that in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossein Mesgarzadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Islam Nasiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyedhosein Jarolmasjed
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Naghibi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Emelianov VY, Preobrazhenskaia EV, Nikolaev NS. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Biophysical Methods of Osteogenesis Stimulation: Review. TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDICS OF RUSSIA 2021; 27:86-96. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-1-86-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Background. Stimulation of osteogenesis (SO) by biophysical methods has been widely used in practice to accelerate healing or stimulate the healing of fractures with non-unions, since the middle of the XIX century. SO can be carried out by direct current electrostimulation, or indirectly by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, capacitive electrical coupling stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation. SO simulates natural physiological processes: in the case of electrical stimulation, it changes the electromagnetic potential of damaged cell tissues in a manner similar to normal healing processes, or in the case of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, it produces weak mechanical effects on the fracture area. SO increases the expression of factors and signaling pathways responsible for tissue regeneration and bone mineralization and ultimately accelerates bone union.The purpose of this review was to present the most up-to-date data from laboratory and clinical studies of the effectiveness of SO.Material and Methods. The results of laboratory studies and the final results of metaanalyses for each of the four SO methods published from 1959 to 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, and eLibrary databases are reviewed.Conclusion. The use of SO effectively stimulates the healing of fractures with the correct location of the sensors, compliance with the intensity and time of exposure, as well as the timing of use for certain types of fractures. In case of non-union or delayed union of fractures, spondylodesis, arthrodesis, preference should be given to non-invasive methods of SO. Invasive direct current stimulation can be useful for non-union of long bones, spondylodesis with the risk of developing pseudoarthrosis.
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Emelianov VY, Preobrazhenskaia EV, Nikolaev NS. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Biophysical Methods of Osteogenesis Stimulation: Review. TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDICS OF RUSSIA 2021; 27:86-96. [DOI: 10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-1-86-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background. Stimulation of osteogenesis (SO) by biophysical methods has been widely used in practice to accelerate healing or stimulate the healing of fractures with non-unions, since the middle of the XIX century. SO can be carried out by direct current electrostimulation, or indirectly by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, capacitive electrical coupling stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation. SO simulates natural physiological processes: in the case of electrical stimulation, it changes the electromagnetic potential of damaged cell tissues in a manner similar to normal healing processes, or in the case of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, it produces weak mechanical effects on the fracture area. SO increases the expression of factors and signaling pathways responsible for tissue regeneration and bone mineralization and ultimately accelerates bone union.The purpose of this review was to present the most up-to-date data from laboratory and clinical studies of the effectiveness of SO.Material and Methods. The results of laboratory studies and the final results of metaanalyses for each of the four SO methods published from 1959 to 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, and eLibrary databases are reviewed.Conclusion. The use of SO effectively stimulates the healing of fractures with the correct location of the sensors, compliance with the intensity and time of exposure, as well as the timing of use for certain types of fractures. In case of non-union or delayed union of fractures, spondylodesis, arthrodesis, preference should be given to non-invasive methods of SO. Invasive direct current stimulation can be useful for non-union of long bones, spondylodesis with the risk of developing pseudoarthrosis.
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23
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Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020809. [PMID: 33467447 PMCID: PMC7830993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the main cell players in tissue repair and thanks to their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities, they gained significant attention as cell source for tissue engineering (TE) approaches aimed at restoring bone and cartilage defects. Despite significant progress, their therapeutic application remains debated: the TE construct often fails to completely restore the biomechanical properties of the native tissue, leading to poor clinical outcomes in the long term. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are currently used as a safe and non-invasive treatment to enhance bone healing and to provide joint protection. PEMFs enhance both osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Here, we provide extensive review of the signaling pathways modulated by PEMFs during MSCs osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Particular attention has been given to the PEMF-mediated activation of the adenosine signaling and their regulation of the inflammatory response as key player in TE approaches. Overall, the application of PEMFs in tissue repair is foreseen: (1) in vitro: to improve the functional and mechanical properties of the engineered construct; (2) in vivo: (i) to favor graft integration, (ii) to control the local inflammatory response, and (iii) to foster tissue repair from both implanted and resident MSCs cells.
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Chen X, Wang H, Yang S, Zheng J, Liu X, Mao G. Structure-based discovery and redesign of TGF-β1 Elbow epitope recognition by its type-II receptor in hypertrophic scarring biotherapy. J Mol Recognit 2020; 34:e2881. [PMID: 33137847 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway has been implicated in the fibroblast activation of hypertrophic scarring (HS). Previously, we proposed a new biotherapeutic strategy to combat HS by disrupting the intermolecular interaction of TGF-β1 with its cognate type-II receptor (TβR-II). Here, we further demonstrate that the binding site of TGF-β1 to TβR-II is not overlapped with the conformational wrist epitope and linear knuckle epitope that are traditionally recognized as the functional binding sites of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to its type-II receptor (BMPR-II), which can thus be regarded as a new functional site we called elbow epitope. Structural, energetic, and dynamic investigations reveal that the elbow epitope consists of two sequentially discontinuous, spatially vicinal segments Loop30-34 and Turn90-95 ; they cannot work effectively to independently interact with TβR-II. Rational redesign of the epitope is performed using an integrated in silio-in vitro method based on crystal and modeled structure data. In the procedure, the two epitope segments are split from the interface of TGF-β1-TβR-II complex and then connected with each other in a head-to-tail manner by adding a flexible poly-(Gly)n linker between them, thus resulting in a series of combined peptides. We found that the peptide affinity reaches maximum at n = 2, which shares a consistent binding mode with the elbow epitope at native complex interface. The linker of either too long (n > 2) or too short (n < 2) cannot properly place the gap space between the two segments, thus impairing the binding compatibility of designed peptides with TβR-II active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Huixiong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Zheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Mao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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