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El-Mahrouk SR, El-Ghiaty MA, El-Kadi AOS. The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in arsenic toxicity. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 150:632-644. [PMID: 39306435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally occurring toxic element, manifests in various chemical forms and is widespread in the environment. Exposure to arsenic is a well-established risk factor for an elevated incidence of various cancers and chronic diseases. The crux of arsenic-mediated toxicity lies in its ability to induce oxidative stress, characterized by an unsettling imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, accompanied by the rampant generation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. In response to this oxidative turmoil, cells deploy their defense mechanisms, prominently featuring the redox-sensitive transcription factor known as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). NRF2 stands as a primary guardian against the oxidative harm wrought by arsenic. When oxidative stress activates NRF2, it orchestrates a symphony of downstream antioxidant genes, leading to the activation of pivotal antioxidant enzymes like glutathione-S-transferase, heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1. This comprehensive review embarks on the intricate and diverse ways by which various arsenicals influence the NRF2 antioxidant pathway and its downstream targets, shedding light on their roles in defending against arsenic exposure toxic effects. It offers valuable insights into targeting NRF2 as a strategy for safeguarding against or treating the harmful and carcinogenic consequences of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R El-Mahrouk
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
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2
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Zhang Q, He Y, Lu YP, Wei QH, Zhang HY, Quan Y. GETdb: A comprehensive database for genetic and evolutionary features of drug targets. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1429-1438. [PMID: 38616961 PMCID: PMC11015738 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of an innovative drug is complex and time-consuming, and the drug target identification is one of the critical steps in drug discovery process. Effective and accurate identification of drug targets can accelerate the drug development process. According to previous research, evolutionary and genetic information of genes has been found to facilitate the identification of approved drug targets. In addition, allosteric proteins have great potential as targets due to their structural diversity. However, this information that could facilitate target identification has not been collated in existing drug target databases. Here, we construct a comprehensive drug target database named Genetic and Evolutionary features of drug Targets database (GETdb, http://zhanglab.hzau.edu.cn/GETdb/page/index.jsp). This database not only integrates and standardizes data from dozens of commonly used drug and target databases, but also innovatively includes the genetic and evolutionary information of targets. Moreover, this database features an effective allosteric protein prediction model. GETdb contains approximately 4000 targets and over 29,000 drugs, and is a user-friendly database for searching, browsing and downloading data to facilitate the development of novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- Sinopharm Genomics Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, PR China
- Sinopharm Medical Laboratory (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Qi-Hao Wei
- Sinopharm (Wuhan) Precision Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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3
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Mackova V, Raudenska M, Polanska HH, Jakubek M, Masarik M. Navigating the redox landscape: reactive oxygen species in regulation of cell cycle. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2371173. [PMID: 38972297 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2371173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To advance our knowledge of disease mechanisms and therapeutic options, understanding cell cycle regulation is critical. Recent research has highlighted the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell cycle regulation. Although excessive ROS levels can lead to age-related pathologies, ROS also play an essential role in normal cellular functions. Many cell cycle regulatory proteins are affected by their redox status, but the precise mechanisms and conditions under which ROS promote or inhibit cell proliferation are not fully understood.Methods: This review presents data from the scientific literature and publicly available databases on changes in redox state during the cell cycle and their effects on key regulatory proteins.Results: We identified redox-sensitive targets within the cell cycle machinery and analysed different effects of ROS (type, concentration, duration of exposure) on cell cycle phases. For example, moderate levels of ROS can promote cell proliferation by activating signalling pathways involved in cell cycle progression, whereas excessive ROS levels can induce DNA damage and trigger cell cycle arrest or cell death.Discussion: Our findings encourage future research focused on identifying redox-sensitive targets in the cell cycle machinery, potentially leading to new treatments for diseases with dysregulated cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Mackova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Holcova Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Wu G, Li B, Wei X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Peng Y, Su J, Hu Z, Zhuo L, Tian Y, Wang Z, Peng X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivatives as multifunctional neuroprotectants for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 278:116795. [PMID: 39216381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a disease of high death and disability worldwide with few medications in clinical treatment. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are considered as crucial factors in the progression of IS. In our previous studies, N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivative (NST) L7 exhibited promising anti-inflammatory properties and is considered a potential clinical therapy for IS but had limited antioxidant capacity. Here, we have designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated 30 novel NSTs for their neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. To identify a multifunctional neuroprotectant with enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, as well as an effective therapeutic agent for CI/R damage. Among them, M11 exhibited synergistic highly anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ferroptosis, and anti-apoptosis effects and surpassed the parent compound L7. Further studies demonstrated that the synergistic and efficient neuroprotective role of M11 was mainly achieved by activating Nrf2 and stimulating its downstream target HO-1/GCLC/NQO1/GPX4. In addition, M11 possessed good blood-brain barrier permeability. Moreover, M11 effectively reduced cerebral infarct volume and improved neurological deficits in MCAO/R mice. Its hydrochloride form, M11·HCl, exhibited better pharmacokinetic properties, high safety, and a significant reduction in infarct volume, which is comparable to Edaravone. In conclusion, our findings suggested that M11 capable of activating Nrf2, could represent a promising candidate agent for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genping Wu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Bo Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wei
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yan Peng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jianhui Su
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zecheng Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ying Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Xue Peng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Yang W, Han W, Ma B, Zhao Y, Bao T, Zhang Q, Lin X. Total extracts from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) alleviate radiation-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via regulating redox imbalances mediated by the NOX4/xCT/GPX4 axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118582. [PMID: 39009325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications in patients receiving chest radiotherapy, partially offsetting its benefits. At present, there is a lack of effective treatments for RIHD. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that results from iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation. It was recently shown that irradiation generates severe ferroptosis, providing new insights for the treatment of RIHD. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) possesses excellent pharmacological properties and is widely used in treating various ischemic heart and brain diseases; however, its efficacy and mechanism in treating RIHD are unknown. AIM This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of total extracts from A. manihot (L.) (TEA) in treating RIHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice and H9C2 cells were exposed to irradiation to induce RIHD in vivo and in vitro, respectively. In vivo, we evaluated the protective effects of TEA (150 and 300 mg/kg) on RIHD. Body and heart weight changes of mice were calculated in each group, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH/NADP+) ratios, western blot, heart histology, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate TEA effectiveness. We identified the potential mechanism of radiation-induced cardiomyocyte injury in H9C2 cells treated with small interfering RNA. We determined the effective dose of TEA (0.6 mg/mL) using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Intracellular Fe2+ and lipid peroxidation levels were detected by Phen Green™ SK diacetate probe, BODIPY 581/591 C11 staining, and MDA, GSH, and NADPH kits, and the level of target protein was evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS Radiation inhibited system Xc-cystine (xCT)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and activity in cardiomyocytes in a time and dose-dependent manner. After silencing xCT/GPX4, MDA significantly increased and GSH/GSSH and NADPH/NADP+ ratios were reduced. xCT/GPX4 inhibition drove ferroptosis in radiation-induced H9C2 injury. Oxidative stress in H9C2 was significantly enhanced by irradiation, which also significantly increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and inhibited nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of xCT/GPX4 drove ferroptosis in radiation-induced H9C2 injury, which was aggravated by inactivation of Nrf2 and alleviated by inhibition of NOX4. Compared with the ionizing radiation-only group, TEA improved body weight loss, MDA levels, and histological changes induced by irradiation in mice hearts, and increased the ratio of GSH/GSSH and NADPH/NADP+in vivo; it also reduced lipid peroxidation and intracellular Fe2+ accumulation, restored MDA levels, and elevated the ratios of GSH/GSSH and NADPH/NADP+ in irradiation-injured H9C2 cells. TEA up-regulated Nrf2, xCT, and GPX4 expression and inhibited NOX4 expression in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Ferroptosis induced by redox imbalance mediated through the NOX4/xCT/GPX4 axis is a potential mechanism behind radiation-induced cardiomyocyte injury, and can be prevented by TEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchi Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Divison of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiting Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Divison of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Bao
- Divison of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Lin
- Divison of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Elshoura Y, Herz M, Gad MZ, Hanafi R. Nitro fatty acids: A comprehensive review on analytical methods and levels in health and disease. Anal Biochem 2024; 694:115624. [PMID: 39029643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Nitro fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are biologically active compounds produced from the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids with reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Due to their electrophilic nature, these endogenously produced metabolites can react with nucleophilic targets, producing a spectrum of modulatory and protective effects. Determination of NO2-FAs in biological samples is challenging due to their low nanomolar to picomolar endogenous concentrations, indistinct metabolism, and distribution in many tissues and biofluids. Several attempts have been made to develop precise, standardized, and efficient methodologies for assessing physiological and pathophysiological processes to overcome the difficulties associated with their measurement. This review discusses those approaches utilizing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC‒MS/MS) for the quantification of NO2-FAs, in addition to a summary of their laboratory synthesis and extraction from biological samples. Clinical associations with different pathological conditions, including hyperlipidaemia, cardiac ischemia and herpes simplex type 2 viral infection (HSV-2), are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Elshoura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Egypt
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JiZe XP, Fu YP, Li CY, Zhang CW, Zhao YZ, Kuang YC, Liu SQ, Huang C, Li LX, Tang HQ, Feng B, Chen XF, Zhao XH, Yin ZQ, Tian ML, Zou YF. Extraction, characterization and intestinal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of polysaccharide from stems and leaves of Chuanminshen violaceum M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118357. [PMID: 38763374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chuanminshen violaceum M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan (CV) is used as a medicine with roots, which have the effects of benefiting the lungs, harmonizing the stomach, resolving phlegm and detoxifying. Polysaccharide is one of its main active components and has various pharmacological activities, but the structural characterization and pharmacological activities of polysaccharide from the stems and leaves parts of CV are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal extraction conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from CV stems and leaves, and to carry out preliminary structural analyses, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the obtained polysaccharide and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of CV stems and leaves polysaccharides was carried out, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process to obtain CV polysaccharides (CVP) under the optimal conditions. Subsequently, we isolated and purified CVP to obtain the homogeneous polysaccharide CVP-AP-I, and evaluated the composition, molecular weight, and structural features of CVP-AP-I using a variety of technical methods. Finally, we tested the pharmacological activity of CVP-AP-Ⅰ in an LPS-induced model of oxidative stress and inflammation in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and explored its possible mechanism of action. RESULTS The crude polysaccharide was obtained under optimal extraction conditions and subsequently isolated and purified to obtain CVP-AP-Ⅰ (35.34 kDa), and the structural characterization indicated that CVP-AP-Ⅰ was mainly composed of galactose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose, which was a typical pectic polysaccharide. In addition, CVP-AP-Ⅰ attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factor genes and proteins and up-regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes and proteins in IPEC-J2, by a mechanism related to the activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the polysaccharide isolated from CV stems and leaves was a pectic polysaccharide with similar pharmacological activities as CV roots, exhibiting strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting that CV stems and leaves could possess the same traditional efficacy as CV roots, which is expected to be used in the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping JiZe
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Cen-Yu Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Chao-Wen Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhe Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Chao Kuang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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8
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Yu H, Xie Y, Lan L, Ma S, Mok SWF, Wong IN, Wang Y, Zhong G, Yuan L, Zhao H, Hu X, Macrae VE, He S, Chen G, Zhu D. Sirt7 protects against vascular calcification via modulation of reactive oxygen species and senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:30-41. [PMID: 39053861 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is frequently seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and significantly increases cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Sirt7, a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases, plays a crucial role in cardiovascular disease. However, the role of Sirt7 in vascular calcification remains largely unknown. Using in vitro and in vivo models of vascular calcification, this study showed that Sirt7 expression was significantly reduced in calcified arteries from mice administered with high dose of vitamin D3 (vD3). We found that knockdown or inhibition of Sirt7 promoted vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), aortic ring and vascular calcification in mice, whereas overexpression of Sirt7 had opposite effects. Intriguingly, this protective effect of Sirt7 on vascular calcification is dependent on its deacetylase activity. Unexpectedly, Sirt7 did not alter the osteogenic transition of VSMCs. However, our RNA-seq and subsequent studies demonstrated that knockdown of Sirt7 in VSMCs resulted in increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and induced an Nrf-2 mediated oxidative stress response. Treatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of Sirt7 on VSMC calcification. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of Sirt7 delayed cell cycle progression and accelerated cellular senescence of VSMCs. Taken together, our results indicate that Sirt7 regulates vascular calcification at least in part through modulation of ROS and cellular senescence of VSMCs. Sirt7 may be a potential therapeutic target for vascular calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mice
- Cellular Senescence
- Sirtuins/metabolism
- Sirtuins/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Oxidative Stress
- Humans
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- Male
- Cholecalciferol/pharmacology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China; GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuchen Xie
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Ma
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Io Nam Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yueheng Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Guoli Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vicky E Macrae
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Shengping He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
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9
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Bresciani G, Manai F, Felszeghy S, Smedowski A, Kaarniranta K, Amadio M. VEGF and ELAVL1/HuR protein levels are increased in dry and wet AMD patients. A new tile in the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying RPE degeneration? Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107380. [PMID: 39216841 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retinal pathology characterized by degeneration of macula's retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors, visual impairment, or loss. Compared to wet AMD, dry AMD is more common, but lacks cures; therefore, identification of new potential therapeutic targets and treatments is urgent. Increased oxidative stress and declining antioxidant, detoxifying systems contribute to the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying AMD. The present work shows that the Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision-Like 1/Human antigen R (ELAVL1/HuR) and the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) protein levels are higher in the RPE of both dry and wet AMD patients compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, increased HuR protein levels are detected in the retina, and especially in the RPE layer, of a dry AMD model, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) / peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) double knock-out mouse. The crosstalk among Nrf2, HuR and VEGF has been also studied in ARPE-19 cells in basal and stressful conditions related to the AMD context (i.e., oxidative stress, autophagy impairment, Nrf2 deficit), offering new evidence of the mutual influence between Nrf2 and HuR, of the dependence of VEGF expression and secretion by these two factors, and of the increased susceptibility of cells to stressful conditions in Nrf2- or HuR-impaired contexts. Overall, this study shows evidence of the interplay among Nrf2, HuR and VEGF, essential factors for RPE homeostasis, and represents an additional piece in the understanding of the complex pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibinski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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10
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Lian S, Su J, Fatima I, Zhang Y, Kuang T, Hu H, Qu D, Si H, Sun W. Revealing the exceptional antioxidant activity of phosphorylated polysaccharides from medicinal Abrus cantoniensis Hance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134532. [PMID: 39142474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Abrus cantoniensis Polysaccharides (ACP) exhibit antioxidant activity and immune-regulatory functions. Abrus cantoniensis Hance widely distributed in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions of China. In this study, this research investigated the impact of phosphorylation modification on the biological activity of ACP, aiming to provide theoretical insights for its development. This research modified ACP through phosphorylation and evaluated changes in its in vitro antioxidant capacity, including free radical scavenging and resistance to cellular oxidative damage. Additionally, this research administered both native ACP and phosphorylated ACP (P-ACP) to mice to assess their protective effects against acute ethanol-induced oxidative injury. This research explored whether these effects were mediated through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and their influence on gut microbiota. Results revealed that phosphorylation significantly enhanced ACP's antioxidant capacity and protective effects (p < 0.05). P-ACP improved mice resistance to acute oxidative injury, mitigating the adverse effects of 50 % ethanol (p < 0.05). Moreover, both ACP and P-ACP are involved in modulating the expression of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and, to some extent, alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In summary, phosphorylation modification effectively enhances ACP's antioxidant capacity and provides better protection against acute oxidative injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaitao Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Su
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Israr Fatima
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongshuai Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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11
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Du Y, He Y, Xie J, Wang Y, Sun X, Yu X. 4-Octyl itaconate promotes alveolar ridge preservation following tooth extraction. Odontology 2024; 112:1069-1079. [PMID: 38526627 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The search for medications that can effectively reduce alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction is of great interest. This study aimed to observe the roles of 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in vitro. Mandibular second molars were extracted to evaluate whether 4-OI could alleviate alveolar bone loss. 4-OI inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and promoted Nrf2 expression in bone marrow macrophages in vitro. Positive Nrf2 expressions were observed in inflammatory cells and osteoclasts in vivo. Treatment with 4-octyl itaconate increased Nrf2 expression, resulting in reduced inflammatory infiltration and osteoclastic activity after tooth extraction. Furthermore, increased expression of OCN and enhanced-alveolar bone healing of extraction socket were observed in the 4-OI group compared to the control group. Our results suggested that 4-OI could serve as a promising pharmacologic candidate for alveolar ridge preservation by alleviating alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Du
- Oral Implantology, Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanyan He
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianli Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Gaoxin Branch of Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xijiao Yu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China.
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12
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Yu S, Yang N, Li H, Hu X, Zhang L, Li S. Artemether ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through Nrf2 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117280. [PMID: 39236474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a prevalent cause of clinical pharmacological liver injury worldwide. Artemether (ART), a first-line antimalarial drug, has demonstrated hepatoprotective activity. However, its effect on APAP-induced acute liver injury (AILI) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether ART can protect against AILI and examined its underlying mechanisms. In vivo, ART mitigated APAP-induced liver histological changes, including mitochondrial damage, hepatocyte necrosis, hepatocyte apoptosis, and inflammatory infiltration. Additionally, ART reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in APAP-induced mice. ART also activated the Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway, exerting antioxidant effects in both in vitro and in vivo models of AILI. To confirm Nrf2 as a target of ART in vivo, we pretreated C57BL/6 mice with the Nrf2 inhibitor, ML385. The results indicated that inhibiting Nrf2 diminishes the protective effect of ART against AILI. Overall, our findings suggest that ART's protective effect against AILI is mediated through the Nrf2-related antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medicine University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medicine University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medicine University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Hospital, Affiliated Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medicine University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, China.
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13
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Cheng X, Tan Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Hui S, Zhang Z, Peng W. Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Implications of NRF2 in Diabetic Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:8253-8278. [PMID: 38483656 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a complication of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by damage in the central nervous system and cognitive impairment, which has gained global attention. Despite the extensive research aimed at enhancing our understanding of DE, the underlying mechanism of occurrence and development of DE has not been established. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a close correlation between DE and various factors, such as Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Of interest, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor with antioxidant properties that is crucial in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses. The activation and regulatory mechanisms of NRF2 are a relatively complex process. NRF2 is involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways and confers neuroprotective functions. Multiple studies have provided evidence demonstrating the significant involvement of NRF2 as a critical transcription factor in the progression of DE. Additionally, various molecules capable of activating NRF2 expression have shown potential in ameliorating DE. Therefore, it is intriguing to consider NRF2 as a potential target for the treatment of DE. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role and the possible underlying mechanism of NRF2 in DE. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the current research landscape and address the challenges associated with using NRF2 activators as potential treatment options for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- YangSheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Zhang Y, Che N, Wang S, Meng J, Zhao N, Han J, Dong X, Li Y, Mo J, Zhao X, Liu T. Nrf2/ASPM axis regulated vasculogenic mimicry formation in hepatocellular carcinoma under hypoxia. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:941-957. [PMID: 39097533 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic microenvironment is a common feature of most solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation by tumor cells could provide blood supply to tumor cells under hypoxia. NFE2 like basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of cellular homeostasis, may promote tumor progression in the hypoxic conditions. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of Nrf2 in HCC are not fully elucidated. METHODS Nrf2 and assembly factor for spindle microtubules (ASPM) expression modulations were conducted by lentiviral transfections. Western blot, immunofluorescence, ChIP-qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, multiple bioinformatics databases analysis, cell function assays in vitro, mouse model in vivo and human HCC tissues were employed to assess the effect of Nrf2/ASPM axis on HCC progression under hypoxia. RESULTS Nrf2 and ASPM expression facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) feature, and VM formation of HCC cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, Nrf2-regulated ASPM expression, via binding directly to the promoter region of ASPM and transcriptionally promoting ASPM expression. ASPM re-expression in Nrf2 knockdown cells or ASPM knockdown in Nrf2 overexpression cells reversed the cellular function caused by Nrf2. Meantime, retinol metabolism pathway was disrupted following abnormal ASPM expression. Nrf2/ASPM axis in murine models accelerated tumor growth and VM, corroborating in vitro findings. All-trans retinoic acid treatment reversed stemness and VM of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, Nrf2 and ASPM expressions were related to poor prognosis of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2 drives EMT, CSCs characteristics and VM in HCC under hypoxia through the modulation of ASPM. Retinol metabolism pathway was dysregulated in HCC cells with ASPM overexpression. Nrf2/ASPM axis and related pathway provided potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiyuan Han
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Mo
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tieju Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Chen L, Guo P, Zhai L, Yu L, Zhu D, Hu X, Li Z, Chen Y, Sun Q, Sun L, Luo H, Tang H. Nrf2 affects DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis through regulating HR and the intrinsic Caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway in TK6 cells exposed to hydroquinone. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 100:105901. [PMID: 39029599 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ) is one of benzene metabolites that can cause oxidative stress damage and Homologous recombination repair (HR). A good deal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidative stress can trigger apoptotic signaling pathways. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can regulate the cell response to oxidative stress damage. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrf2 participate in HQ-induced apoptosis and its mechanism. The findings displayed that HQ triggered HR, promoted Nrf2 transfer into the cell nucleus and induced cell apoptosis, while Nrf2 deficient elevated cell apoptosis, attenuated the expression of PARP1 and RAD51. We also observed that Nrf2 deficient triggered Caspase-9. Thus, we speculated that Nrf2 might participate in HQ-induced cell apoptosis through Caspase-9 dependent pathways. Meanwhile, Nrf2 participated in HQ-induced DNA damage repair by regulating the level of PARP1 and RAD51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Pu Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Delong Zhu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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16
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Zhang M, Wang J, Liu R, Wang Q, Qin S, Chen Y, Li W. The role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the treatment of respiratory diseases and the research progress on targeted drugs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37326. [PMID: 39309822 PMCID: PMC11414506 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lungs are exposed to external oxidants from the environment as in harmful particles and smog, causing oxidative stress in the lungs and consequently respiratory ailment. The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the one with transcriptional regulatory function, while its related protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) inhibits Nrf2 activity. Together, they form the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which regulates the body's defense against oxidative stress. This pathway has been shown to maintain cellular homeostasis during oxidative stressing, inflammation, oncogenesis, and apoptosis by coordinating the expression of cytoprotective genes and making it a potential therapeutic target for respiratory diseases. This paper summarizes this point in detail in Chapter 2. In addition, this article summarizes the current drug development and clinical research progress related to the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, with a focus on the potential of Nrf2 agonists in treating respiratory diseases. Overall, the article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in respiratory diseases and the progress of targeted drug research, aiming to provide new insights for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
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Han Q, Gu Y, Qian Y. Study on the mechanism of activating SIRT1/Nrf2/p62 pathway to mediate autophagy-dependent ferroptosis to promote healing of diabetic foot ulcers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03400-4. [PMID: 39320410 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot (DF), a prevalent and grave diabetes sequela, is considered as a notable clinical concern, with SIRT1 downregulation observed in DF patients' blood specimens. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanisms of SIRT1 in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) remain unclear. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of SIRT1 in alleviating DFU. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of autophagy and ferroptosis-related proteins, CCK8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Plate colony method was used to measure bacterial growth, and the inhibitory effect on intracellular and extracellular Staphylococcus aureus was observed after drug intervention. ELISA was used to detect inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers levels. ROS, total iron, and Fe2+ levels were detected using corresponding assays. Additionally, HE staining detected the thickness of the epidermis and dermis of the rat wound tissue while the collagen deposition in the wound tissue was detected using Masson staining. In addition, Prussian blue staining was used to detect iron deposition, and C11 BODIPY 581/591 lipid peroxidation probe was used to detect lipid ROS. Our results suggested that the activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/p62 signaling affects cell proliferation, colony formation, ferroptosis, and the production of lipid ROS in DFU-infected cell model through autophagy. In vivo experiments indicated that activating SIRT1/Nrf2/p62 signaling affects oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy in wound tissue and promotes wound healing in DFU rats through mediating autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. Taken together, the activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/p62 pathway can promote DFU healing, which might be mediated by autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Han
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Yuming Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yongquan Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jangsu, 226001, China
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18
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Lai H, Levitt BB. Cellular and molecular effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:519-529. [PMID: 37021652 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The way that living cells respond to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF), including static/extremely-low frequency and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, fits the pattern of 'cellular stress response' - a mechanism manifest at the cellular level intended to preserve the entire organism. It is a set pattern of cellular and molecular responses to environmental stressors, such as heat, ionizing radiation, oxidation, etc. It is triggered by cellular macromolecular damage (in proteins, lipids, and DNA) with the goal of repairing and returning cell functions to homeostasis. The pattern is independent of the type of stressor encountered. It involves cell cycle arrest, induction of specific molecular mechanisms for repair, damage removal, cell proliferation, and cell death if damage is too great. This response could be triggered by EMF-induced alternation in oxidative processes in cells. The concept that biological response to EMF is a 'cellular stress response' explains many observed effects of EMF, such as nonlinear dose- and time-dependency, increased and decreased risks of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, enhanced nerve regeneration, and bone healing. These responses could be either detrimental or beneficial to health, depending on the duration and intensity of the exposure, as well as specific aspects of the living organism being exposed. A corollary to electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) could be an inappropriate response of the hippocampus/limbic system to EMF, involving glucocorticoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Blake Levitt
- National Association of Science Writers, Berkeley, CA CA 94707, USA
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Li S, Li Y, Zhu K, He W, Guo X, Wang T, Gong S, Zhu Z. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells: Potential applications in wound healing. Life Sci 2024; 357:123066. [PMID: 39306326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a continuous and complex process regulated by multiple factors, which has become an intractable clinical burden. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) possess low immunogenicity, easy preservation, and potent bioactivity, which is a mirror to their parental cells MSC-exos are important tools for regulating the biological behaviors of wound healing-associated cells, including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, immune cells, and endothelial cells. MSC-exos accelerate the wound healing process at cellular and animal levels by modulating inflammatory responses, promoting collagen deposition and vascularization. MSC-exos accelerate wound healing at the cellular and animal levels by modulating inflammatory responses and promoting collagen deposition and vascularization. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of MSC-exos originating from various sources in promoting the healing efficacy of general wounds, diabetic wounds, burn wounds, and healing-related scars. It also discusses the limitations and perspectives of MSC-exos in wound healing, in terms of exosome acquisition, mechanistic complexity, and exosome potentiation modalities. A deeper understanding of the properties and functions of MSC-exos is beneficial to advance the therapeutic approaches for achieving optimal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yichuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Keyu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenlin He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Song Gong
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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20
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Fu W, Fang Y, Wang T, Lu Q, Wu J, Yang Q. Low-Protein Diet Inhibits the Synovial Tissue Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Polarization Via NRF2/SIRT3/SOD2/ROS Pathway in K/BxN Rheumatoid Arthritis Mice. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02145-9. [PMID: 39292325 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness, and impaired function. Attenuating inflammation is a crucial objective in RA management. Diet and nutrition are believed to influence RA symptomatology, with a low-protein diet being one potential nutritional strategy, although its underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this research, serum derived from arthritic transgenic K/BxN mice was administered to naive mice to establish a K/BxN rheumatoid arthritis model. Physiological assessments and histological staining were performed to evaluate joint pathology. (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) ELISA was used to measure inflammatory cytokines. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were applied to characterize macrophage phenotypes. Transcriptomic analysis elucidated molecular pathways under the effect of a low-protein diet and verified by immunoblotting. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by Mito-SOX. Protein expression was silenced through the application of siRNA transfection. Our results indicate that a low-protein diet significantly alleviates disease symptoms and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in synovial fluid. Furthermore, this dietary intervention inhibits M1 macrophage polarization while promoting a shift towards the M2 phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the beneficial effects of the low-protein diet in alleviating rheumatoid arthritis are closely linked to the NRF2 pathway. In vitro, low protein treatment can promote the activity of NRF2 via inhibiting the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and activate the NRF2/SIRT3/SOD2 pathway to inhibit the production of ROS, which will further inhibit the M1 macrophage polarization. NRF2 knockdown can abolish the effects of low-protein treatment, indicating that the inhibition of M1 polarization and the anti-inflammatory response induced by low-protein treatment are dependent on NRF2. In summary, our findings propose that low-protein diet can inhibit synovial macrophage M1 polarization via activating NRF2/SIRT3/SOD2 pathway to reduce mitochondrial ROS production. This mechanism effectively decreases synovial inflammation and alleviates RA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine: Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, No.365, Renmin East Road, Wucheng District, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinfei Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine: Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianbao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine: Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, No.365, Renmin East Road, Wucheng District, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinglin Lu
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine: Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine: Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qining Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine: Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, No.365, Renmin East Road, Wucheng District, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31009, Zhejiang, China.
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Trusen S, Zimmermann JSA, Fries FN, Li Z, Chai N, Seitz B, Suiwal S, Amini M, Szentmáry N, Stachon T. Increased susceptibility of human limbal aniridia fibroblasts to oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 2024:110105. [PMID: 39303843 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Aniridia-associated keratopathy originates from a haploinsufficiency of the transcription factor PAX6 (PAX6+/-). In the corneal epithelium of PAX6+/- mice, a significant increase in oxidized proteins was observed, accompanied by impaired compensation for elevated oxidative stress (OS). The extent to which limbal fibroblast cells (LFCs) are affected by an increased susceptibility to OS in cases of congenital aniridia (AN) has not been determined, yet. Our aim was to examine the impact of OS on antioxidant enzyme expression in normal and AN-LFCs. Following isolation and culture of primary LFCs (n = 8) and AN-LFCs (n = 8), cells were treated with cobalt chloride for 48 h to chemically induce hypoxic conditions and OS. Subsequently, HIF-1α/-2α, PHD1/2, Nrf2, CAT, SOD1, PRDX6, and GPX1 gene expression was examined by qPCR. SOD1, PRDX6, and GPX1 protein levels were assessed from the cell lysate by Western blot. The induction of hypoxia led to reduced HIF-1α gene expression in both fibroblast groups (p≤0.008), while the decrease in PHD1 was limited to AN-LFCs (p=0.0007). On the other hand, under hypoxic conditions, PHD2 showed higher mRNA expression in AN-LFCs compared to normal LFCs (p=0.013). As a result of OS, the mRNA levels of Nrf2 (p<0.0001) and the antioxidant enzymes CAT (p=0.005), SOD1 (p=0.005), GPX1 (p=0.002) decreased in AN-LFCs. This was accompanied by an increased protein expression of SOD1 (p=0.019) and PRDX6 (p=0.0009). In the normal LFC group, the induced extent of OS had no impact on the gene (p≥0.151) and protein expression (p≥0.629) of antioxidant enzymes, except for the GPX1 mRNA level (p=0.027). AN-LFCs exhibit higher susceptibility to OS than normal LFCs. Therefore, in AN-LFCs, there are sustained alterations in gene and protein expression of antioxidative enzymes even after 48 h of CoCl2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trusen
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Julia Sarah Alexandra Zimmermann
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Fabian Norbert Fries
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Zhen Li
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ning Chai
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Shweta Suiwal
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Maryam Amini
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tanja Stachon
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Niu X, Sun W, Tang X, Chen J, Zheng H, Yang G, Yao G. Bufalin alleviates inflammatory response and oxidative stress in experimental severe acute pancreatitis through activating Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113113. [PMID: 39276459 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a prevalent acute inflammatory disease that is clinically manifested by systemic inflammation dysregulation, resulting in a significantly elevated mortality rate. Bufalin has been verified to have potent pharmacological properties, including analgesic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it remains unclear whether bufalin inhibits SAP. Thus, we aim to explore the impact of bufalin in SAP rats and to evaluate the potential mechanisms of action. In addition to analyzing serum biochemistry and pancreatic tissue pathology, we elucidated its mechanisms of action through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical analysis, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that bufalin dose-dependently reversed the elevation of serum Amylase (Amy) and Lipase (LPS) levels in SAP rats, alleviating pancreatic tissue pathological damage. Bufalin exhibited potent antioxidant effects by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decreasing Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione(GSH) consumption, inhibiting the interaction of Keap1-Nrf2, and increasing HO-1 expression. Furthermore, bufalin inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, p-NF-κB-p65, p-IκBα, and NF-κB-p65 expression, while enhancing IκBα expression, ultimately confirming its anti-inflammatory effects on SAP. In summary, our findings suggest that bufalin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions in NaT-SAP rats by inhibiting NF-κB and activating the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. This study represents the inaugural application of bufalin in NaT-induced SAP rats, indicating its potential as an effective therapeutic agent for SAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Niu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohang Tang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqun Zheng
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimei Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Yao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Chen Y, Peng S, Liang J, Wei K. SIRT1 in acute lung injury: unraveling its pleiotropic functions and therapeutic development prospects. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05111-z. [PMID: 39269678 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a continuum of lung changes caused by multiple lung injuries, often associated with severe complications and even death. In ALI, macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells in the lung are damaged to varying degrees and their function is impaired. Research in recent years has focused on the use of SIRT1 for the treatment of ALI. In this paper, we reviewed the role of SIRT1 in ALI in terms of its cellular and molecular mechanism, targeting of SIRT1 by non-coding RNAs and drug components, as well as pointing out the value of SIRT1 for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Based on the current literature, SIRT1 exhibits diverse functionalities and possesses significant therapeutic potential. Targeting SIRT1 may provide new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Chen
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Shuangyan Peng
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Integrative Pathogen Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
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24
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Ferreira IL, Marinho D, de Rosa V, Castanheira B, Fang Z, Caldeira GL, Mota SI, Rego AC. Linking activation of synaptic NMDA receptors-induced CREB signaling to brief exposure of cortical neurons to oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39263896 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide oligomers (AβO) have been considered "primum movens" for a cascade of events that ultimately cause selective neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, initial events triggered by AβO have not been clearly defined. Synaptic (Syn) N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are known to activate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a transcriptional factor involved in gene expression related to cell survival, memory formation and synaptic plasticity, whereas activation of extrasynaptic (ESyn) NMDARs was linked to excitotoxic events. In AD brain, CREB phosphorylation/activation was shown to be altered, along with dyshomeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ i). Thus, in this work, we analyze acute/early and long-term AβO-mediated changes in CREB activation involving Syn or ESyn NMDARs in mature rat cortical neurons. Our findings show that acute AβO exposure produce early increase in phosphorylated CREB, reflecting CREB activity, in a process occurring through Syn NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx. Data also demonstrate that AβO long-term (24 h) exposure compromises synaptic function related to Ca2+-dependent CREB phosphorylation/activation and nuclear CREB levels and related target genes, namely Bdnf, Gadd45γ, and Btg2. Data suggest a dual effect of AβO following early or prolonged exposure in mature cortical neurons through the activation of the CREB signaling pathway, linked to the activation of Syn NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Luísa Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Marinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Valéria de Rosa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Castanheira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zongwei Fang
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gladys L Caldeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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Bhat AA, Moglad E, Goyal A, Afzal M, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Ali H, Gaur A, Singh TG, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. Nrf2 pathways in neuroprotection: Alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in aging. Life Sci 2024:123056. [PMID: 39277133 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment are widespread phenomena among the elderly, being crucial factors that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important regulator of cellular defense systems, including that against oxidative stress. As such, increased Nrf2 activity may serve as a strategy to avert mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive decline. Scientific data on Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, specifically addressing mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in older people. Search terms included "Nrf2", "mitochondrial dysfunction," "cognitive impairment," and "neuroprotection." Studies focusing on in vitro and in vivo models and clinical investigations were included to review Nrf2's therapeutic potential comprehensively. The relative studies have demonstrated that increased Nrf2 activity could improve mitochondrial performance, decrease oxidative pressure, and mitigate cognitive impairment. To a large extent, this is achieved through the modulation of critical cellular signalling pathways such as the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, mitochondrial biogenesis, and neuroinflammatory responses. The present review summarizes the recent progress in comprehending the molecular mechanisms regarding the neuroprotective benefits mediated by Nrf2 through its substantial role against mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. This review also emphasizes Nrf2-target pathways and their contribution to cognitive function improvement and rescue from mitochondria-related abnormalities as treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases that often affect elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riya Thapa
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341 Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ashish Gaur
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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26
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Lei X, Wang J, Zhang F, Tang X, He F, Cheng S, Zou F, Yan W. Micheliolide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury through suppression of NLRP3 activation by promoting mitophagy via Nrf2/PINK1/Parkin axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112527. [PMID: 38950457 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) represents a frequent complication of in critically ill patients. The objective of this study is to illuminate the potential protective activity of Micheliolide (MCL) and its behind mechanism against SA-AKI. METHODS The protective potential of MCL on SA-AKI was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated HK2 cells and SA-AKI mice model. The mitochondrial damage was determined by detection of reactive oxygen species and membrane potential. The Nrf2 silencing was achieved by transfection of Nrf2-shRNA in HK2 cells, and Nrf2 inhibitor, ML385 was employed in SA-AKI mice. The mechanism of MCL against SA-AKI was evaluated through detecting hallmarks related to inflammation, mitophagy and Nrf2 pathway via western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS MCL enhanced viability, suppressed apoptosis, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels and improved mitochondrial damage in LPS-treated HK2 cells, and ameliorated renal injury in SA-AKI mice. Moreover, MCL could reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via enhancing mitophagy. Additionally, Nrf2 deficiency reduced the suppression effect of MCL on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and blocked the facilitation effect of MCL on mitophagy in LPS-treated HK2 cells, the consistent is true for ML385 treatment in SA-AKI mice. CONCLUSIONS MCL might target Nrf2 and further reduce the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via enhancing mitophagy, which alleviated SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Lei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China.
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Xianhu Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Shengyu Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Fangqin Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
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Wang W, Xu M, Diao H, Long Q, Gan F, Mao Y. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status in finishing pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21117. [PMID: 39256553 PMCID: PMC11387843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a natural polyphenolic compound, which plays an important role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of GSPE supplementation on the cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status of finishing pigs. In longissimus dorse (LD) muscle, the data showed that GSPE significantly decreased the contents of total cholesterol (T-CHO) and triglyceride (TG), and decreased the mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) and Fatty acid synthase (FAS), while increased the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). GSPE also reduced the enzyme activities of HMG-CoAR and FAS, and meanwhile amplified the activity of CPT1b in LD muscle of finishing pigs. Furthermore, dietary GSPE supplementation increased the serum catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), serum and liver total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, while reduced serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level in finishing pigs. In the liver, Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) mRNA levels were increased by GSPE. In conclusion, this study showed that GSPE might be an effective dietary supplement for improving cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Xu
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hui Diao
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtche Group Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Qingtao Long
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Mao
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Lu R, Zhou X, Zhang L, Hao M, Yang X. Nrf2 Deficiency Exacerbates Parkinson's Disease by Aggravating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models and LPS-Induced BV2 Cells. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:6277-6295. [PMID: 39281779 PMCID: PMC11401530 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s478683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine neurons. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation drives disease progression and becomes a critical factor in neuronal degeneration. Recent studies have found that nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related-2 (Nrf2) expression levels are reduced during aging and neurodegenerative diseases, but its regulatory mechanism on microglia-induced neuroinflammation has not been fully elucidated. Methods In vivo, we used the intraperitoneal injection of the neurotoxic drug neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to establish an animal model of PD and, at the same time, administered Nrf2 inhibitors ML385 and dimethyl fumarate to regulate Nrf2 protein levels. In vitro, we used si-RNA to knock out the Nrf2 gene to intervene in BV2 cells and used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate and induce the cell model. Results The study found that inhibition of Nrf2 expression aggravated the motor defects of PD mice, accompanied by a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum of the brain. In addition, after inhibition of Nrf2, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the substantia nigra of the midbrain of mice increased, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decreased, accompanied by the proliferation of microglia and astrocytes. In addition, the activation of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, the assembly of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) protein in microglia, and the release of downstream inflammatory factors caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β, were aggravated. At the cellular level, it was found that knocking out the expression of Nrf2 would aggravate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the assembly of ASC in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Conclusion Inhibited Nrf2 activity can reduce the downstream antioxidant enzyme HO-1 and antioxidant levels, induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ASC protein assembly in microglia, and ultimately aggravate PD inflammatory response and dopamine neuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Research, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Research, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Research, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
- Xingjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Meng Z, Li Y, Liu S, Hu P, Luo E. Advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species: uncovering the potential role of ferroptosis in diabetic complications. Mol Med 2024; 30:141. [PMID: 39251935 PMCID: PMC11385660 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a diverse range of compounds that are formed when free amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are carbonylated by reactive carbonyl species or glycosylated by reducing sugars. Hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes can cause an overabundance of AGEs. Excess AGEs are generally acknowledged as major contributing factors to the development of diabetic complications because of their ability to break down the extracellular matrix directly and initiate intracellular signaling pathways by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Inflammation and oxidative stress are the two most well-defined pathophysiological states induced by the AGE-RAGE interaction. In addition to oxidative stress, AGEs can also inhibit antioxidative systems and disturb iron homeostasis, all of which may induce ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly identified contributor to diabetic complications. This review outlines the formation of AGEs in individuals with diabetes, explores the oxidative damage resulting from downstream reactions of the AGE-RAGE axis, and proposes a novel connection between AGEs and the ferroptosis pathway. This study introduces the concept of a vicious cycle involving AGEs, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Shi Y, Zhou Q, Wu C, Liu J, Yang C, Yang T, Zhang R. Effects of rhamnolipid replacement of chlortetracycline on growth performance, slaughtering traits, meat quality and antioxidant function in broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39243159 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhamnolipids (RLS) are surfactants that improve the growth performance of poultry by improving the absorption of nutrients. This study aims to investigate the effects of RLS replacement of chlortetracycline (CTC) on growth performance, slaughtering traits, meat quality, antioxidant function and nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in broilers. A total of 600 one-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly assigned to five groups with eight replicates in each group, raised for 42 days. Broilers were respectively fed a basal diet with no CTC or RLS, 75 mg kg-1 CTC, and 250, 500, 1000 mg kg-1 RLS. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with RLS linearly increased the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, carcass yield, eviscerated yield, ether extract, enhanced total superoxide and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, overexpressed the relative expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1, Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, Manganese superoxide dismutase, GPx and catalase and decreased the lightness value at 24 h, drip loss and malondialdehyde contents of broilers (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, broilers fed 1000 mg kg-1 RLS reduced the drip loss and broilers fed 500 mg kg-1 RLS increased muscle crude fat content (P < 0.05). Compared with the CTC group, dietary supplementation with 1000 mg kg-1 RLS increased eviscerated yield (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RLS could improve growth performance, crude fat content, meat quality and antioxidant capacity and activate relative expression of genes in the Nrf2 signaling pathway in broilers. It could be used as an antibiotic substitute in diets and the recommended supplemental dose of RLS in feed of broilers is 1000 mg kg-1. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qilu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Vegamax Green Animal Health Products Key agricultural Enterprise Research Institute, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Anji, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Vegamax Green Animal Health Products Key agricultural Enterprise Research Institute, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Anji, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Liang T, Liu S, Dang B, Luan X, Guo Y, Steimbach RR, Hu J, Lu L, Yue P, Wang R, Zheng M, Gao J, Yin X, Chen X. Multimechanism biological profiling of tetrahydro-β-carboline analogues as selective HDAC6 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116624. [PMID: 38925015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
With the intensive research on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), inhibition of HDAC6 appears to be a potential therapeutic approach for AD. In this paper, a series of tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives with hydroxamic acid group were fast synthesized. Among all, the most potent 15 selectively inhibited HDAC6 with IC50 of 15.2 nM and markedly increased acetylated alpha-tubulin levels. In cellular assay, 15 showed excellent neurotrophic effect by increasing the expression of GAP43 and Beta-3 tubulin markers. Besides, 15 showed neuroprotective effects in PC12 or SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2 and 6-OHDA injury through activation of Nrf2, catalase and Prx II, and significantly reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In vivo, 15 significantly attenuated zebrafish anxiety-like behaviour and memory deficits in a SCOP-induced zebrafish model of AD. To sum up, multifunctional 15 might be a good lead to develop novel tetrahydrocarboline-based agents for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Shiru Liu
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Baiyun Dang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaofa Luan
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Raphael R Steimbach
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiadong Hu
- School of Medicinal and Chemical Engineering, Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Long Lu
- School of Medicinal and Chemical Engineering, Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Peiyu Yue
- School of Medicinal and Chemical Engineering, Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Ruotian Wang
- School of Medicinal and Chemical Engineering, Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Xia Yin
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
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Sanz-Alcázar A, Portillo-Carrasquer M, Delaspre F, Pazos-Gil M, Tamarit J, Ros J, Cabiscol E. Deciphering the ferroptosis pathways in dorsal root ganglia of Friedreich ataxia models. The role of LKB1/AMPK, KEAP1, and GSK3β in the impairment of the NRF2 response. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103339. [PMID: 39243573 PMCID: PMC11408871 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by decreased levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Frataxin has been related in iron homeostasis, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Ferroptosis has recently been shown to be involved in FA cellular degeneration; however, its role in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons, the cells that are affected the most and the earliest, is mostly unknown. In this study, we used primary cultures of frataxin-deficient DRG neurons as well as DRG from the FXNI151F mouse model to study ferroptosis and its regulatory pathways. A lack of frataxin induced upregulation of transferrin receptor 1 and decreased ferritin and mitochondrial iron accumulation, a source of oxidative stress. However, there was impaired activation of NRF2, a key transcription factor involved in the antioxidant response pathway. Decreased total and nuclear NRF2 explains the downregulation of both SLC7A11 (a member of the system Xc, which transports cystine required for glutathione synthesis) and glutathione peroxidase 4, responsible for increased lipid peroxidation, the main markers of ferroptosis. Such dysregulation could be due to the increase in KEAP1 and the activation of GSK3β, which promote cytosolic localization and degradation of NRF2. Moreover, there was a deficiency in the LKB1/AMPK pathway, which would also impair NRF2 activity. AMPK acts as a positive regulator of NRF2 and it is activated by the upstream kinase LKB1. The levels of LKB1 were reduced when frataxin decreased, in agreement with reduced pAMPK (Thr172), the active form of AMPK. SIRT1, a known activator of LKB1, was also reduced when frataxin decreased. MT-6378, an AMPK activator, restored NRF2 levels, increased GPX4 levels and reduced lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that frataxin deficiency in DRG neurons disrupts iron homeostasis and the intricate regulation of molecular pathways affecting NRF2 activation and the cellular response to oxidative stress, leading to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabela Sanz-Alcázar
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - Fabien Delaspre
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maria Pazos-Gil
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Tamarit
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Ros
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Elisa Cabiscol
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Wang K, Wang A, Deng J, Yang J, Chen G, Chen Q, Ye M, Lin D. Tert-butylhydroquinone promotes skin flap survival by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated by the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39233316 DOI: 10.1111/bph.17321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Skin flaps are among the most important means of wound repair in clinical settings. However, partial or even total distal necrosis may occur after a flap operation, with severe consequences for both patients and doctors. This study investigated whether tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a known agonist of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and an antioxidant, could promote skin flap survival. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH McFarlane skin flap models were established in male Sprague-Dawley rats and then randomly divided into control, low-dose TBHQ, and high-dose TBHQ treatment groups. On postoperative day 7, the survival and blood flow of the skin flaps were assessed. Using flap tissue samples, angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and Nrf2/haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signalling pathway activity were measured with immunohistochemical techniques and western blotting. KEY RESULTS TBHQ dose-dependently stimulated the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway, inducing autophagy through the up-regulation of LC3B and beclin 1 and concurrently suppressing p62 expression. Additionally, TBHQ hindered apoptosis by enhancing Bcl-2 expression while inhibiting the expression of Bax. It suppressed inflammation by inhibiting the expression of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor-α and enhanced angiogenesis by promoting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In summary, TBHQ promoted flap survival in rats by up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. As TBHQ is already widely used as a food additive, it could offer an acceptable means of improving clinical outcomes following skin flap surgery in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Deng
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minle Ye
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingsheng Lin
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Abdollahzadeh H, Pazhang Y, Zamani A, Sharafi Y. Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using walnut shell and their size dependent anticancer effects on breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20323. [PMID: 39223184 PMCID: PMC11369244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles(NPs) contain unique properties which have made them attractive agents in cancer treatment. The CuO nanoparticles were green synthesized using walnut shell powder in different calcination temperatures (400°, 500°, 700°, and 900 °C). The CuO nanoparticles are characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM and DLS analyses. SEM and DLS analyses showed that by increasing the required calcination temperature for synthesizing the NPs, their size was increased. DPPH analysis displayed no significant anti-oxidative properties of the CuO NPs. The MTT analysis showed that all synthesized CuO NPs exhibited cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, HCT-116, and HEK-293 cell lines. Among the CuO NPs, the CuO-900 NPs showed the least cytotoxic effect on the HEK-293 cell line (IC50 = 330.8 µg/ml). Hoechst staining and real-time analysis suggested that the CuO-900 NPs induced apoptosis by elevation of p53 and Bax genes expression levels. Also, the CuO-900 NPs increased the Nrf-2 gene expression level in MCF-7 cells, despite the HCT-116 cells. As can be concluded from the results, the CuO-900 NPs exerted promising cytotoxic effects on breast and colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaghub Pazhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Asghar Zamani
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Sharafi
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
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Lu LQ, Li MR, Huang LL, Che YX, Qi YN, Luo XJ, Peng J. Micafungin protects mouse heart against doxorubicin-induced oxidative injury via suppressing MALT1-dependent k48-linked ubiquitination of Nrf2. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 400:111179. [PMID: 39089415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes greatly to doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key factor in DOX-induced myocardial oxidative injury. Recently, we found that mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1)-dependent k48-linked ubiquitination was responsible for down-regulation of myocardial Nrf2 in DOX-treated mice. Micafungin, an antifungal drug, was identified as a potential MALT1 inhibitor. This study aims to explore whether micafungin can reduce DOX-induced myocardial oxidative injury and if its anti-oxidative effect involves a suppression of MALT1-dependent k48-linked ubiquitination of Nrf2. To establish the cardiotoxicity models in vivo and in vitro, mice were treated with a single dose of DOX (15 mg/kg, i.p.) and cardiomyocytes were incubated with DOX (1 μM) for 24 h, respectively. Using mouse model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, micafungin (10 or 20 mg/kg) was shown to improve cardiac function, concomitant with suppression of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Similar protective roles of micafungin (1 or 5 μM) were observed in DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, micafungin weakened the interaction between MALT1 and Nrf2, decreased the k48-linked ubiquitination of Nrf2 while elevated the protein levels of Nrf2 in both DOX-treated mice and cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, MALT1 overexpression counteracted the cardioprotective effects of micafungin. In conclusion, micafungin reduces DOX-induced myocardial oxidative injury via suppression of MALT1, which decreases the k48-linked ubiquitination of Nrf2 and elevates Nrf2 protein levels. Thus, micafungin may be repurposed for treating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ming-Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lin-Lu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yan-Xi Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ya-Nan Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Kumari S, Singh P, Singh R. Repeated Silica exposures lead to Silicosis severity via PINK1/PARKIN mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in mice model. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111272. [PMID: 38944258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Silicosis, one of the occupational health illnesses is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica. Deposition of extracellular matrix and fibroblast proliferation in lungs are linked to silicosis development. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays critical role in some diseases, but how these processes progress and regulated in silicosis, remains limited. Detailed study of silica induced pulmonary fibrosis in mouse model, its progression and severity may be helpful in designing future therapeutic strategies. METHODS In present study, mice model of silicosis has been developed after repeated silica exposures which may closely resemble clinical symptoms of silicosis in human. In addition to efficiently mimicking the acute/chronic transformation processes of silicosis, this is practical and efficient in terms of time and output, which avoids mechanical injury to the upper respiratory tract due to surgical interventions. Sonicated sterile silica suspension (120 mg/kg) was administered through intranasal route thrice a week at regular intervals (21, 28 and 35 days). RESULTS Presence of minute to larger silicotic nodules in H&E-stained lung sections were observed in all silica induced model groups. Enhanced ECM deposition was noted in MT stained lung sections of silica exposure groups as compared to control which were confirmed by significantly higher MMP9 expression levels and hydroxyproline content in silica 35 days group. Increase in Reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cell recruitment mainly, neutrophils and macrophage were observed in all three silica exposure groups. Transmission electron microscopic analysis has confirmed presence of many aberrant shaped mitochondria (swollen, round shape) in 35 days model where autophagosomes were minimum. Western blot analysis of mitophagy and autophagy markers such as Pink1, Parkin, Cytochrome c, SQSTM1/p62, the ratio of light chain LC3B II/LC3B I was found higher in 21 and 28 days which were significantly reduced in 35 days silica model. CONCLUSIONS Higher MMP9 activity and MMP9 /TIMP1 ratio demonstrate excessive extracellular matrix damage and deposition in 35 days model. Significantly reduced expressions of autophagy and mitophagy markers have also confirmed progression in fibrosis severity and its association with repeated silica exposures in 35 days model group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Chen Y, Dai R, Cheng M, Wang W, Liu C, Cao Z, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zhang L. Status and role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in renal fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117210. [PMID: 39059348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a basic regulatory mechanism in cells that is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis, stimulating signal transduction, and determining cell fate. These biological processes require coordinated signaling cascades across members of the UPS to achieve substrate ubiquitination and deubiquitination. The role of the UPS in fibrotic diseases has attracted widespread attention, and the aberrant expression of UPS members affects the fibrosis process. In this review, we provide an overview of the UPS and its relevance for fibrotic diseases. Moreover, for the first time, we explore in detail how the UPS promotes or inhibits renal fibrosis by regulating biological processes such as signaling pathways, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the cell cycle, emphasizing the status and role of the UPS in renal fibrosis. Further research on this system may reveal new strategies for preventing renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weili Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanjiao Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zeping Cao
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Ge
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Wang J, Huang D, Zhang T, Luo Y, Yue X, Zhang H, Cai L, Qian Z. Nrf2, gp91phox and IL-17 are associated with severity and clinical outcomes of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a comparative study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2024; 84:297-304. [PMID: 39033335 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2377966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) remain unclear, making timely and accurate differentiation between hypothyroidism and SCH, as well as severity assessment, challenging. This study aimed to investigate the role of NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), gp91phox, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the pathogenesis of SCH. In this prospective comparative study, 105 SCH patients, 105 hypothyroidism patients, and 105 healthy individuals were enrolled from January 2022 to August 2023. SCH patients were categorized into mild-moderate and severe groups based on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Levels of TSH, free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-ch), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-ch) were measured. Nrf2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and gp91phox levels were tested using ELISA. Nrf2, IL-17 and gp91phox were significantly higher in SCH and hypothyroidism patients compared to the healthy controls, with hypothyroidism patients showing the highest levels. Nrf2 levels were negatively correlated with TSH, TG-Ab and IL-17, but not gp91phox. Nrf2, IL-17 and gp91phox could be used for diagnosis of SCH and severe SCH. Only TG-Ab, IL-17 and gp91phox were independent risk factors for severe SCH. This study demonstrates a negative correlation between serum Nrf2 levels and SCH severity. TG-Ab, IL-17, and gp91phox are independent risk factors, and their associations with SCH pathology suggest their potential roles in the disease mechanism. These findings provide insights into SCH pathogenesis and highlight the need for further research to elucidate their diagnostic or prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Debin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yaheng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xing Yue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Liu Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Clinical Medicine, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Thiel A, Drews F, Pirritano M, Schumacher F, Michaelis V, Schwarz M, Franzenburg S, Schwerdtle T, Michalke B, Kipp AP, Kleuser B, Simon M, Bornhorst J. Transcriptomics pave the way into mechanisms of cobalt and nickel toxicity: Nrf2-mediated cellular responses in liver carcinoma cells. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103290. [PMID: 39088892 PMCID: PMC11345407 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni) are used nowadays in various industrial applications like lithium-ion batteries, raising concerns about their environmental release and public health threats. Both metals are potentially carcinogenic and may cause neurological and cardiovascular dysfunctions, though underlying toxicity mechanisms have to be further elucidated. This study employs untargeted transcriptomics to analyze downstream cellular effects of individual and combined Co and Ni toxicity in human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2). The results reveal a synergistic effect of Co and Ni, leading to significantly higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to individual exposure. There was a clear enrichment of Nrf2 regulated genes linked to pathways such as glycolysis, iron and glutathione metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism, confirmed by targeted analysis. Co and Ni exposure alone and combined caused nuclear Nrf2 translocation, while only combined exposure significantly affects iron and glutathione metabolism, evidenced by upregulation of HMOX-1 and iron storage protein FTL. Both metals impact sphingolipid metabolism, increasing dihydroceramide levels and decreasing ceramides, sphingosine and lactosylceramides, along with diacylglycerol accumulation. By combining transcriptomics and analytical methods, this study provides valuable insights into molecular mechanisms of Co and Ni toxicity, paving the way for further understanding of metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Thiel
- Food Chemistry with Focus on Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Franziska Drews
- Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marcello Pirritano
- Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivien Michaelis
- Food Chemistry with Focus on Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maria Schwarz
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry with Focus on Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Shen B, Wen Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Chen J, Yang J, Zhao C, Wang J. Paeonol ameliorates hyperlipidemia and autophagy in mice by regulating Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155839. [PMID: 38943694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, inadequate diet, and excessive medication increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Paeonl (Pae), a phenolic compound found in Peony and Angelica dahurica, can alleviate lipid metabolism disorders and lipotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism of Pae alleviating hyperlipidemia remains unclear and needs to be further explored. PURPOSE In this study, we explored whether Pae can prevent hyperlipidemia and investigated the molecular mechanisms. METHODS The effects of Pae (30, 45, 60mg·kg-1) on hyperlipidemia in Tyloapol-induced WT mice and Nrf2 knockout mice (Pae: 60mg·kg-1) were detected by oil red O staining, HE staining, TG, TC and other indexes. The expression levels of proinflammatory mediators, key lipid proteins and autophagy signaling pathway proteins were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and immunofluorescence. The molecular mechanism of Pae alleviating hyperlipidemia was explored through molecular docking technique and in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Several studies indicated that Pae effectively improved tyloxapol (Ty)-induced lipid metabolism disorder, as evidenced by decreased triglyceride content, increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) protein expression. In addition, Pae ameliorated hyperlipidemia by activating the AMPK/ACC and PI3K/mTOR pathways. Interestingly, the therapeutic effect of Pae on hyperlipidemia was markedly reduced in Nrf2-/- mice. Molecular docking results indicated that Pae and Nrf2 exhibited good binding ability, suggesting that Nrf2 is a core target mediating the effects of Pae in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Taken together, Pae alleviated hyperlipidemia in vivo and ameliorated lipid accumulation in vitro by activating AMPK/ACC and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways via Nrf2 binding. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that paeonol can ameliorate hyperlipidemia and autophagy in mice by regulating Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR pathways, and it has potential therapeutic value in the occurrence and development of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Subba R, Fasciolo G, Geremia E, Muscari Tomajoli MT, Petito A, Carrella S, Mondal AC, Napolitano G, Venditti P. Simultaneous induction of systemic hyperglycaemia and stress impairs brain redox homeostasis in the adult zebrafish. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 759:110101. [PMID: 39029645 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
For diabetic patients it is crucial to constantly monitor blood glucose levels to mitigate complications due to hyperglycaemia, including neurological issues and cognitive impairments. This activity leads to psychological stress, called "diabetes distress," a problem for most patients living with diabetes. Diabetes distress can exacerbate the hyperglycaemia effects on brain and negatively impact the quality of life, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly explored. We simulated diabetes distress in adult zebrafish by modelling hyperglycaemia, through exposure to dextrose solution, along with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and evaluated brain redox homeostasis by assessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, the antioxidant system, and effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and fission/fusion processes. We also evaluated the total, cytosolic and nuclear content of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a critical regulator of redox balance, in the whole brain and total NRF2 in specific brain emotional areas. The combined CUMS + Dextrose challenge, but not the individual treatments, reduced total NRF2 levels in the entire brain, but strongly increased its levels in the nuclear fraction. Compensatory upregulation of antioxidant genes appeared inadequate to combat elevated levels of ROS, leading to lowering of the reduced glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity. CUMS + Dextrose treatment also upregulated transcription factors implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics with a predominance of fission, which is consistent with increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, this study highlights the close interplay between hyperglycaemia and psychological distress causing overriding oxidative stress in the brain, rendering the organism vulnerable to the development of disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Subba
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, Napoli, 80133, Italy
| | - Eugenio Geremia
- International PhD Programme, UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Muscari Tomajoli
- International PhD Programme, UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Petito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Carrella
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, Napoli, 80133, Italy
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067.
| | - Gaetana Napolitano
- International PhD Programme, UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Namani A, Veeraiyan D, Patra T. A comparative analysis indicates SLC7A11 expression regulate the prognostic value of KEAP1-NFE2L2-CUL3 mutations in human uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:223-228. [PMID: 38876457 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Uterine corpus endometrial cancer (UCEC) is a third most common malignancy in women with a poor prognosis in advanced stages. In this study, we performed an integrated comparative analysis of exome and transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and UCEC patients. Our multi-omics analysis shows that the UCEC patients carrying mutations in the KEAP1-NFE2L2-CUL3 genes were associated with better progression-free survival (PFS), whereas the KEAP1-NFE2L2-CUL3 mutation in LUAD showed poor outcomes. Functional annotations and correlative expression studies show that genes, particularly GCLC and GCLM related to glutathione synthesis are expressed at lower levels in the KEAP1-NFE2L2-CUL3 mutant UCEC compared to LUAD. This events result in glutathione deficiency and it may compromise to combat intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the expression of genes involved in the glutathione recycling process was not affected. On the other hand, cellular import of cystine is high due to increased SLC7A11 expression in UCEC. Because glutathione synthesis is impaired, the unconverted cysteine accumulates in cells, leading to di-sulfite stress. Apart from NRF2, ARID1A is one of the positive regulators of SLC7A11. In support, UCEC patients with co-occurrence of KEAP1-NFE2L2-CUL3 and ARID1A mutation shows significantly decreased PFS with decline of SLC7A11 expression as compared to patients carrying only KEAP1-NFE2L2-CUL3 mutation. Thus, we hypothesize that the KEAP1-NFE2L2-CUL3 mutation in UCEC leads to uncontrollable ROS with di-sulfite stress, reflecting a favorable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhileshwar Namani
- Department of Molecular Research, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Durgadevi Veeraiyan
- Department of Molecular Research, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Tapas Patra
- Department of Molecular Research, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India.
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Wang W, Liu M, Fu X, Qi M, Zhu F, Fan F, Wang Y, Zhang K, Chu S. Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury through PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155814. [PMID: 38878526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a prevalent liver ailment. It has escalated into a significant public health issue, imposing substantial burdens on medical, economic, and social domains. Currently, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are recognized as crucial culprits in improving ALD. Consequently, mitigating these issues has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing ALD. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the main ingredient in safflower, showing excellent antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis traits. However, there are limited investigations into the mechanisms by which HSYA ameliorates ALD PURPOSE: We investigated whether HSYA, a significant constituent of Asteraceae safflower, exerts antioxidant stress and attenuates inflammation and anti-apoptotic effects through PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB pathways, thereby ameliorating ALD METHODS: We established two experimental models: an ethanol-induced liver damage mouse model in vivo and a HepG2 cell alcohol injury model in vitro RESULTS: The results demonstrated that HSYA effectively ameliorated liver tissue damage, reduced levels of ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, TC, and MDA, enhanced HDL-C levels, SOD and GSH activities, reduced ROS accumulation in cells, and activated the Nrf2 pathway, a transcription factor involved in antioxidant defense. By regulating the PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB pathways, HSYA exhibits notable antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, effectively impeding ALD's advancement. To further confirm the regulatory effect of HSYA on PI3K/Akt and downstream signaling pathways, the PI3K activator 740 Y-P was used and was found to reverse the downregulation of PI3K by HSYA CONCLUSION: This study supports the effectiveness of HSYA in reducing ALD by regulating the PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB pathways, indicating its potential medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Xianglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Man Qi
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Furong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yuanchuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Shenghui Chu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, North 4th Road 221, Shihezi, PR China.
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Dhyani N, Tian C, Gao L, Rudebush TL, Zucker IH. Nrf2-Keap1 in Cardiovascular Disease: Which Is the Cart and Which the Horse? Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38687468 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of oxidant stress in the form of reactive oxidant species are prevalent in the circulation and tissues in various types of cardiovascular disease including heart failure, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke. Here we review the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important and widespread antioxidant and anti-inflammatory transcription factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. We review studies showing that downregulation of Nrf2 exacerbates heart failure, hypertension, and autonomic function. Finally, we discuss the potential for using Nrf2 modulation as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases and autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dhyani
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Changhai Tian
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Tara L Rudebush
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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45
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Qiang RR, Xiang Y, Zhang L, Bai XY, Zhang D, Li YJ, Yang YL, Liu XL. Ferroptosis: A new strategy for targeting Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105773. [PMID: 38789042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis, which involves the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Many recent studies have revealed a close association between ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of AD. Factors such as ferroptosis-associated iron overload, lipid peroxidation, disturbances in redox homeostasis, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species have been found to contribute to the pathological progression of AD. In this review, we explore the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, describe the link between ferroptosis and AD, and examine the reported efficacy of ferroptosis inhibitors in treating AD. Finally, we discuss the potential challenges to ferroptosis inhibitors use in the clinic, enabling their faster use in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Xiang
- College of Physical Education, Yan'an University, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xin Yue Bai
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Die Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yang Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yan Ling Yang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiao Long Liu
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
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46
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Sies H, Mailloux RJ, Jakob U. Fundamentals of redox regulation in biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:701-719. [PMID: 38689066 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are central to the existence of life. Reactive species of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur mediate redox control of a wide range of essential cellular processes. Yet, excessive levels of oxidants are associated with ageing and many diseases, including cardiological and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Hence, maintaining the fine-tuned steady-state balance of reactive species production and removal is essential. Here, we discuss new insights into the dynamic maintenance of redox homeostasis (that is, redox homeodynamics) and the principles underlying biological redox organization, termed the 'redox code'. We survey how redox changes result in stress responses by hormesis mechanisms, and how the lifelong cumulative exposure to environmental agents, termed the 'exposome', is communicated to cells through redox signals. Better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of redox biology will guide novel redox medicine approaches aimed at preventing and treating diseases associated with disturbed redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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47
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Wu Q, Yao J, Xiao M, Zhang X, Zhang M, Xi X. Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway: new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. J Drug Target 2024; 32:874-883. [PMID: 38753446 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2356736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, with oxidative stress (OS) identified as a primary contributor to their onset and progression. Given the elevated incidence and mortality rates associated with CVDs, there is an imperative need to investigate novel therapeutic strategies. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), ubiquitously expressed in the cardiovascular system, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for CVDs due to its role in regulating OS and inflammation. This review aims to delve into the mechanisms and actions of the Nrf2 pathway, highlighting its potential in mitigating the pathogenesis of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiangting Yao
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengyun Xiao
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiawei Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinting Xi
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
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48
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Karunatilleke NC, Brickenden A, Choy WY. Molecular basis of the interactions between the disordered Neh4 and Neh5 domains of Nrf2 and CBP/p300 in oxidative stress response. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5137. [PMID: 39150085 PMCID: PMC11328122 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major transcription factor that functions in maintaining redox homeostasis in cells. It mediates the transcription of cytoprotective genes in response to environmental and endogenous stresses to prevent oxidative damage. Thus, Nrf2 plays a significant role in chemoprevention. However, aberrant activation of Nrf2 has been shown to protect cancer cells from apoptosis and contribute to their chemoresistance. The interaction between Nrf2 and CBP is critical for the gene transcription activation. CBP and its homologue p300 interact with two transactivation domains in Nrf2, Neh4, and Neh5 domains through their TAZ1 and TAZ2 domains. To date, the molecular basis of this crucial interaction is not known, hindering a more detailed understanding of the regulation of Nrf2. To close this knowledge gap, we have used a set of biophysical experiments to dissect the Nrf2-CBP/p300 interactions. Structural properties of Neh4 and Neh5 and their binding with the TAZ1 and TAZ2 domains of CBP/p300 were characterized. Our results show that the Neh4 and Neh5 domains of Nrf2 are intrinsically disordered, and they both can bind the TAZ1 and TAZ2 domains of CBP/p300 with micromolar affinities. The findings provide molecular insight into the regulation of Nrf2 by CBP/p300 through multi-domain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadun C Karunatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Brickenden
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wing-Yiu Choy
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Surcel M, Munteanu A, Scheau C, Savulescu‐Fiedler I, Caruntu C. Diabetic neuropathy: A NRF2 disease? J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13524. [PMID: 38158644 PMCID: PMC11418408 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has multifarious action with its target genes having redox-regulating functions and being involved in inflammation control, proteostasis, autophagy, and metabolic pathways. Therefore, the genes controlled by NRF2 are involved in the pathogenesis of myriad diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Amidst this large array of diseases, diabetic neuropathy (DN) occurs in half of patients diagnosed with diabetes and appears as an injury inflicted upon peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. As a complex effector factor, NRF2 has entered the spotlight during the search of new biomarkers and/or new therapy targets in DN. Due to the growing attention for NRF2 as a modulating factor in several diseases, including DN, this paper aims to update the recently discovered regulatory pathways of NRF2 in oxidative stress, inflammation and immunity. It presents the animal models that further facilitated the human studies in regard to NRF2 modulation and the possibilities of using NRF2 as DN biomarker and/or as target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology DepartmentVictor Babes National Institute of PathologyBucharestRomania
- Pathology DepartmentColentina Clinical HospitalBucharestRomania
- Doctoral School, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology DepartmentVictor Babes National Institute of PathologyBucharestRomania
- Pathology DepartmentColentina Clinical HospitalBucharestRomania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology DepartmentVictor Babes National Institute of PathologyBucharestRomania
| | - Adriana Munteanu
- Immunology DepartmentVictor Babes National Institute of PathologyBucharestRomania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu‐Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine – Coltea Clinical Hospital, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
- Department of Dermatology“Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic DiseasesBucharestRomania
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50
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Huertas-Abril PV, Prieto-Álamo MJ, Jurado J, Pérez J, Molina-Hernández V, García-Barrera T, Abril N. Transcriptional and biochemical changes in mouse liver following exposure to a metal/drug cocktail. Attenuating effect of a selenium-enriched diet. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114845. [PMID: 38945390 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Real-life pollution usually involves simultaneous co-exposure to different chemicals. Metals and drugs are frequently and abundantly released into the environment, where they interact and bioaccumulate. Few studies analyze potential interactions between metals and pharmaceuticals in these mixtures, although their joint effects cannot be inferred from their individual properties. We have previously demonstrated that the mixture (PC) of the metals Cd and Hg, the metalloid As and the pharmaceuticals diclofenac (DCF) and flumequine (FLQ) impairs hepatic proteostasis. To gain a deeper vision of how PC affects mouse liver homeostasis, we evaluated here the effects of PC exposure upon some biochemical and morphometric parameters, and on the transcriptional profiles of selected group of genes. We found that exposure to PC caused oxidative damage that exceeded the antioxidant capacity of cells. The excessive oxidative stress response resulted in an overabundance of reducing equivalents, which hindered the metabolism and transport of metabolites, including cholesterol and bile acids, between organs. These processes have been linked to metabolic and inflammatory disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, our findings suggest that unintended exposure to mixtures of environmental pollutants may underlie the etiology of many human diseases. Fortunately, we also found that a diet enriched with selenium mitigated the harmful effects of this combination of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Huertas-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María-José Prieto-Álamo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Jurado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA). Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus El Carmen, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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