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Beigi YZ, Lanjanian H, Fayazi R, Salimi M, Hoseyni BHM, Noroozizadeh MH, Masoudi-Nejad A. Heterogeneity and molecular landscape of melanoma: implications for targeted therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:17. [PMID: 38724687 PMCID: PMC11082128 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal cancer (UM) offers a complex molecular landscape characterized by substantial heterogeneity, both on the genetic and epigenetic levels. This heterogeneity plays a critical position in shaping the behavior and response to therapy for this uncommon ocular malignancy. Targeted treatments with gene-specific therapeutic molecules may prove useful in overcoming radiation resistance, however, the diverse molecular makeups of UM call for a patient-specific approach in therapy procedures. We need to understand the intricate molecular landscape of UM to develop targeted treatments customized to each patient's specific genetic mutations. One of the promising approaches is using liquid biopsies, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), for detecting and monitoring the disease at the early stages. These non-invasive methods can help us identify the most effective treatment strategies for each patient. Single-cellular is a brand-new analysis platform that gives treasured insights into diagnosis, prognosis, and remedy. The incorporation of this data with known clinical and genomics information will give a better understanding of the complicated molecular mechanisms that UM diseases exploit. In this review, we focused on the heterogeneity and molecular panorama of UM, and to achieve this goal, the authors conducted an exhaustive literature evaluation spanning 1998 to 2023, using keywords like "uveal melanoma, "heterogeneity". "Targeted therapies"," "CTCs," and "single-cellular analysis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Zohrab Beigi
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Software Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Topkapi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhane Fayazi
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Haji Molla Hoseyni
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao H, Wang L, Fang C, Li C, Zhang L. Factors influencing the diagnostic and prognostic values of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 8,935 patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1272788. [PMID: 38090481 PMCID: PMC10711619 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1272788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could serve as a predictive biomarker in breast cancer (BC). Due to its high heterogeneity, the diagnostic and prognostic values of CTC are challenging. Methods We searched published studies from the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and MEDLINE. The detection capability and hazard ratios (HRs) of CTCs were extracted as the clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Subgroup analyses were divided according to the detection methods, continents, treatment periods, therapeutic plans, and cancer stages. Results In this study, 35 publications had been retrieved with 8,935 patients enrolled. The diagnostic efficacy of CTC detection has 74% sensitivity and 98% specificity. The positive CTC detection (CTC+ ) would predict worse OS and PFS/DFS in both mid-therapy and post-therapy (HROS, 3.09; 95% CI, 2.17–4.39; HRPFS/DFS, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.72–2.47). Moreover, CTC+ indicated poor survival irrespective of the treatment phases and sampling times (HROS, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.85–3.19; HRPFS/DFS, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.66–1.99). The CTC+ was associated with poor survival regardless of the continents of patients (HROS = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.85–3.19). Conclusion Our study suggested that CTC+ was associated with a worse OS and PFS/DFS in the Asian population. The detection method, the threshold level of CTC+ , therapeutic approaches, and sampling times would not affect its diagnostic and prognostic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhao
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Neurological Function Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurological Function Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurological Function Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurological Function Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Mariani P, Bidard FC, Rampanou A, Houy A, Servois V, Ramtohul T, Pierron G, Chevrier M, Renouf B, Lantz O, Gardrat S, Vincent-Salomon A, Roman-Roman S, Rodrigues M, Piperno-Neumann S, Cassoux N, Stern MH, Renault S. Circulating Tumor DNA as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With Resectable Hepatic Metastases of Uveal Melanoma. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e827-e834. [PMID: 36847256 PMCID: PMC10481917 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report here the results of a prospective study of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection in patients undergoing uveal melanoma (UM) liver metastases resection (NCT02849145). BACKGROUND In UM patients, the liver is the most common and often only site of metastases. Local treatments of liver metastases, such as surgical resection, have a likely benefit in selected patients. METHODS Upon enrollment, metastatic UM patients eligible for curative liver surgery had plasma samples collected before and after surgery. GNAQ / GNA11 mutations were identified in archived tumor tissue and used to quantify ctDNA by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction which was then associated with the patient's surgical outcomes. RESULTS Forty-seven patients were included. Liver surgery was associated with a major increase of cell-free circulating DNA levels, with a peak 2 days after surgery (∼20-fold). Among 40 evaluable patients, 14 (35%) had detectable ctDNA before surgery, with a median allelic frequency of 1.1%. These patients experienced statistically shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) versus patients with no detectable ctDNA before surgery (median RFS: 5.5 vs 12.2 months; hazard ratio=2.23, 95% CI: 1.06-4.69, P =0.04), and had a numerically shorter overall survival (OS) (median OS: 27.0 vs 42.3 months). ctDNA positivity at postsurgery time points was also associated with RFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report ctDNA detection rate and prognostic impact in UM patients eligible for surgical resection of their liver metastases. If confirmed by further studies in this setting, this noninvasive biomarker could inform treatment decisions in UM patients with liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Mariani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - François-Clément Bidard
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Inserm CIC-BT, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint-Cloud, France
- UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Saint Cloud, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Rampanou
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Inserm CIC-BT, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Houy
- Inserm U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.) Team, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Servois
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Toulsie Ramtohul
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Pierron
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Chevrier
- Biometry Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris and Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Benjamin Renouf
- Direction of the Clinical Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Inserm CIC-BT1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gardrat
- Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint-Cloud, France
- Inserm U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.) Team, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Inserm U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.) Team, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Shufang Renault
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Inserm CIC-BT, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Jakubechova J, Smolkova B, Furdova A, Demkova L, Altanerova U, Nicodemou A, Zeleznikova T, Klimova D, Altaner C. Suicide-Gene-Modified Extracellular Vesicles of Human Primary Uveal Melanoma in Future Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12957. [PMID: 37629139 PMCID: PMC10454466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles secreted from uveal melanoma (UM) cells are involved in the establishment of the premetastatic niche and display transforming potential for the formation of metastases, preferentially in the liver. In this study, we cultivated human primary UM cells and uveal melanoma-associated fibroblasts in vitro to be transduced by infection with a retrovirus containing the suicide gene-fused yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phospho-ribosyl transferase (yCD::UPRT). A homogenous population of yCD::UPRT-UM cells with the integrated provirus expressed the gene, and we found it to continuously secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) possessing mRNA of the suicide gene. The yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs were internalized by tumor cells to the intracellular conversion of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The host range of the yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs was not limited to UMs only. The yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs inhibited the growth of the human cutaneous melanoma cell line A375 and uveal melanoma cell line MP38, as well as other primary UMs, to various extents in vitro. The yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs hold the therapeutic and prophylactic potential to become a therapeutic drug for UM. However, the use of yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs must first be tested in animal preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakubechova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Furdova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Demkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ursula Altanerova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
| | - Andreas Nicodemou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.N.)
| | - Tatiana Zeleznikova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
| | - Daniela Klimova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.N.)
| | - Cestmir Altaner
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
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Wei C, Zhao X, Zhang H, Wang L. USP2 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in choroidal melanoma via stabilizing Snail. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04855-3. [PMID: 37199836 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroidal melanoma (CM) is an intraocular tumor that arises from melanocytes. While ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) modulates the progression of numerous diseases, its role in CM is not known. This study aimed to determine the role of USP2 in CM and elucidate its molecular mechanisms. METHODS MTT, Transwell, and wound-scratch assays were used to investigate the function of USP2 in the proliferation and metastasis of CM. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of USP2, Snail, and factors associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The relationship between USP2 and Snail was explored by co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro ubiquitination assays. A nude mouse model of CM was established for verifying the role of USP2 in vivo. RESULTS USP2 overexpression promoted proliferation and metastasis, and induced the EMT in CM cells in vitro, while specific inhibition of USP2 by ML364 produced the opposite effects. ML364 also suppressed CM tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, USP2 is known to deubiquitinate Snail, stabilizing the latter through the removal of its K48 poly-ubiquitin chains. However, a catalytically inactive form of USP2 (C276A) had no effect on Snail ubiquitination and failed to increase Snail protein expression. The C276A mutant was also unable to promote CM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as EMT progression. Furthermore, Snail overexpression partly counteracted the effects of ML364 on proliferation and migration, while rescuing the effects of the inhibitor on the EMT. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated that USP2 modulated CM development through the stabilization of Snail and suggest that USP2 may be a useful target for the development of novel treatments for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Yang L, Wang G, Shi H, Jia S, Ruan J, Cui R, Ge S. Methylation-driven gene DLL3 is a potential prognostic biomarker in ocular melanoma correlating with metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:964902. [PMID: 36338696 PMCID: PMC9630341 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.964902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ocular melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with a high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence indicated that DNA methylation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ocular melanoma. Hence, exploring new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers at the genetic level may be beneficial to the prognosis of patients with ocular melanoma. Methods We collected DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of human UM (uveal melanoma) and CM (conjunctival melanoma) samples from various datasets. We conducted differential methylation and expression analyses to screen the potential biomarkers. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between the expression level of DLL3 (delta-like protein 3) and the methylation level of its corresponding CpGs. We explored the prognostic and diagnostic value of DLL3 in UM and CM. Functional annotation and GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) were applied to get insight into the possible biological roles of DLL3. A cohort of 60 ocular melanoma patients as well as UM and CM cell lines were used to validate our findings in bioinformatic analyses. Results We found that DLL3 was a methylation-driven gene correlating with UM metastasis. The CpGs of DLL3 are mainly located in the gene body and their methylation level positively correlated to DLL3 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that DLL3 was an independent protective factor for UM patients. High DLL3 expression significantly prolonged the overall survival and disease-free survival of UM patients. DLL3 also showed a promising power to distinguish CM from normal tissues. Functional annotation exhibited that DLL3 may suppress UM progression through modulating immune activities and down-regulating various signaling pathways. External datasets, biospecimens, and cell lines further validated the aberrant expression and prognostic role of DLL3 in ocular melanoma. Conclusion Methylation-driven gene DLL3 could serve as a new potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ocular melanoma. Our findings may contribute to improving the clinical outcomes of patients with UM or CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoming Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanhan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichong Jia
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Ruan, ; Ran Cui, ; Shengfang Ge,
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Ruan, ; Ran Cui, ; Shengfang Ge,
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Ruan, ; Ran Cui, ; Shengfang Ge,
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Beasley AB, Chen FK, Isaacs TW, Gray ES. Future perspectives of uveal melanoma blood based biomarkers. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1511-1528. [PMID: 35190695 PMCID: PMC9130512 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy affecting adults. Despite successful local treatment of the primary tumour, metastatic disease develops in up to 50% of patients. Metastatic UM carries a particularly poor prognosis, with no effective therapeutic option available to date. Genetic studies of UM have demonstrated that cytogenetic features, including gene expression, somatic copy number alterations and specific gene mutations can allow more accurate assessment of metastatic risk. Pre-emptive therapies to avert metastasis are being tested in clinical trials in patients with high-risk UM. However, current prognostic methods require an intraocular tumour biopsy, which is a highly invasive procedure carrying a risk of vision-threatening complications and is limited by sampling variability. Recently, a new diagnostic concept known as "liquid biopsy" has emerged, heralding a substantial potential for minimally invasive genetic characterisation of tumours. Here, we examine the current evidence supporting the potential of blood circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), microRNA (miRNA) and exosomes as biomarkers for UM. In particular, we discuss the potential of these biomarkers to aid clinical decision making throughout the management of UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Beasley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy W Isaacs
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perth Retina, West Leederville, WA, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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KIT Expression Is Regulated by DNA Methylation in Uveal Melanoma Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910748. [PMID: 34639089 PMCID: PMC8509522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an ocular tumor with a dismal prognosis. Despite the availability of precise molecular and cytogenetic techniques, clinicopathologic features with limited accuracy are widely used to predict metastatic potential. In 51 UM tissues, we assessed a correlation between the expression of nine proteins evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Melan-A, S100, HMB45, Cyclin D1, Ki-67, p53, KIT, BCL2, and AIFM1) and the presence of UM-specific chromosomal rearrangements measured by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), to find IHC markers with increased prognostic information. Furthermore, mRNA expression and DNA methylation values were extracted from the whole-genome data, achieved by analyzing 22 fresh frozen UM tissues. KIT positivity was associated with monosomy 3, increasing the risk of poor prognosis more than 17-fold (95% CI 1.53–198.69, p = 0.021). A strong negative correlation was identified between mRNA expression and DNA methylation values for 12 of 20 analyzed positions, five located in regulatory regions of the KIT gene (r = −0.658, p = 0.001; r = −0.662, p = 0.001; r = −0.816; p < 0.001; r = −0.689, p = 0.001; r = −0.809, p < 0.001, respectively). DNA methylation β values were also inversely associated with KIT protein expression (p = 0.001; p = 0.001; p = 0.015; p = 0.025; p = 0.002). Our findings, showing epigenetic deregulation of KIT expression, may contribute to understanding the past failure to therapeutically target KIT in UM.
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Žajdlíková B, Autrata R, Krejčířová I, Lazarčíková V, Heissigerová J, Diblík P, Glezgová J, Vysloužilová D, Ježová M, Šach J, Autrata D. UVEAL MELANOMA IN A 15-YEAR-OLD GIRL. CASE REPORT. CESKA A SLOVENSKA OFTALMOLOGIE : CASOPIS CESKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2021; 77:94-100. [PMID: 33985339 DOI: 10.31348/2021/13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumour in adults, it is a form of cancer that affects mostly older adults, as the average age at detection of this tumour is 60 years, but it can occur in any age group with no significant gender difference. However, uveal melanoma is very rare in children compared to the adult population, accounting for 1 % of all cases. In pediatric patients, malignant uveal melanoma is more frequently manifested during puberty, leading to speculation of an association between uveal melanoma and growth hormone levels. Prognostic factors for uveal melanoma include tumour histology, chromosomal abnormalities, tumour size, extrascleral spread and tumour location. Risk factors for uveal melanoma include melanocytosis, neurofibromatosis type 1 and dysplastic naevus syndrome. Some studies point to a significantly lower risk of developing metastases in younger patients, but the prognosis of uveal melanoma in children is not yet fully known. Clinical signs and treatment options for malignant uveal melanoma in children are still under discussion. Differential diagnosis of uveal lesions in children can sometimes be very difficult, as evidenced by following case report in which authors describe a case of choroidal melanoma in a 15-year-old girl.
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