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Yao Y, Zhang YZ, Liang JQ, Liu F, Li ZF, Li HJ, Xu F. Mushroom poisoning of Panaeolus subbalteatus from Ningxia, northwest China, with species identification and tryptamine detection. Toxicon 2024; 247:107849. [PMID: 38971474 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Mushroom poisoning is a significant contributor to foodborne disease outbreaks in China. This study focuses on two Panaeolus subbalteatus poisoning incidents accompanied by epidemiological investigations, species identification, and toxin detection in Ningxia, northwest China. In these two poisoning incidents, some patients exhibited gastrointestinal or neurological symptoms approximately 0.5 h after ingestion of a large amount of wild mushroom. Specifically, in Case 1, one of the three patients experienced nausea, vomiting, and numbness in the throat and limbs; in Case 2, one patient reported dizziness and an abnormal sense of direction. Through morphological and phylogenetic analyses, mushroom specimens were identified as P. subbalteatus. Psilocybin and psilocin were detected in mushroom samples, and only psilocin was detected in biological samples by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry screening. The average psilocybin and psilocin contents in mushroom samples were 1532.2-1760.7 and 114.5-136.0 mg/kg (n = 3), respectively. Moreover, only psilocin was detected in blood and urine samples, with average concentrations 0.5-1.2 ng/mL (n = 3) and 2.5-3.1 ng/mL (n = 3), respectively. These findings provide technical support for managing similar incidents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Physical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Physical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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2
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Esteve-Raventós F, Larsson E, Pancorbo F, Bizio E, Altés A, Turégano Y, Moreno G, Olariaga I. A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Contribution on Inosperma Section Inosperma ( Agaricales, Inocybaceae) in Europe: Calamistratum and Geraniodorum Groups. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:374. [PMID: 38921361 PMCID: PMC11205153 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to carry out a taxonomic revision of the groups Calamistratum and Geraniodorum of the genus Inosperma sect. Inosperma in Europe. For this purpose, a multigenic phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the ITS, LSU, RPB1 and RPB2 markers, covering a total of 111 sequences, including those generated from the existing type-material collections. This analysis led to the recognition of nine clades or terminal groups for the European continent, correlating with nine morphological species. Three of them, I. calamistratum, I. neohirsutum sp. nov. and I. turietoense sp. nov., are distributed in humid and temperate forests, whereas I. geminum sp. nov., I. geraniodorum, I. gracilentum sp. nov., I. praetermissum comb. nov., I. subhirsutum and I. veliferum seem to be restricted to the colder altimontane, boreal and alpine climates. It is concluded that the study of morphological and ecological characteristics allows the recognition of species without the need for an often-subjective interpretation of organoleptic characteristics. Inocybe hirsuta is considered a synonym of Inosperma calamistratum, Inosperma praetermissum as a different species from I. calamistratum, and Inocybe geraniodora var. gracilenta f. salicis-herbaceae as a synonym of I. praetermissum. Four new species and one new combination are proposed. A key for the recognition of the European species is provided. Illustrations and photographs of macro- and micromorphological characters and SEM spores of all species are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Esteve-Raventós
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (Y.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Ellen Larsson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 463, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Fermín Pancorbo
- Sociedad Micológica de Madrid, Real Jardín Botánico, C/Claudio Moyano 1, 28014 Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Enrico Bizio
- Società Veneziana di Micologia, Museo Storia Naturale di Venezia Giancarlo Ligabue, Santa Croce 1730, 30135 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Alberto Altés
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (Y.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Yolanda Turégano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (Y.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriel Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (Y.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Ibai Olariaga
- Departamental II, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Despacho 252, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain;
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Lee S, Jang M, Ryoo R, Roh J, Ko SK, Kim KH. New autophagy-modulating lanostane-type triterpenoids from a hallucinogenic poisonous mushroom Gymnopilus orientispectabilis. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:272-287. [PMID: 38416389 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Gymnopilus orientispectabilis, also known as "big laughter mushroom," is a hallucinogenic poisonous mushroom that causes excessive laughter upon ingestion. From the fruiting bodies of G. orientispectabilis, eight lanostane-type triterpenoids (1-8), including seven novel compounds: gymnojunols A-G (2-8), were isolated. The chemical structures of these new compounds (2-8) were determined by analyzing their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR-EISMS, and their absolute configurations were unambiguously assigned by quantum chemical ECD calculations and a computational method coupled with a statistical procedure (DP4+). Upon evaluating autophagic activity, compounds 2, 6, and 7 increased LC3B-II levels in HeLa cells to a similar extent as bafilomycin, an autophagy inhibitor. In contrast, compound 8 decreased the levels of both LC3B-I and LC3B-II, and a similar effect was observed following treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Our findings provide experimental evidence for new potential autophagy modulators in the hallucinogenic poisonous mushroom G. orientispectabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Mina Jang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, New Drug Development Center, Daegu, 41061, Korea
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Korea
| | - Jongtae Roh
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Stoltzner P, Duncan C. Casting shadows of perception: An exploration of visual hallucinations. Nurse Pract 2024; 49:20-28. [PMID: 38271146 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hallucinations can be caused by biological, psychological, neurological, ophthalmological, and environmental factors. This article discusses a selection of the various conditions that can present with visual disturbances and hallucinations including schizophrenia, HIV, neurosyphilis, hyperammonemia, migraine, substance use, brain tumors, sleep disturbances, thyroid disorders, delirium, ophthalmologic conditions, and Lewy body dementia, providing an overview of the differential diagnosis of visual hallucinations. The mechanisms by which these conditions can lead to hallucinations are also discussed, and insight into the recommended medical workup for each is provided.
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Otsuka Y, Hara A, Minaga K, Sekai I, Kurimoto M, Masuta Y, Takada R, Yoshikawa T, Kamata K, Kudo M, Watanabe T. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 promotes the development of experimental severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:182-196. [PMID: 37847786 PMCID: PMC10714192 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocation of gut bacteria into the pancreas promotes the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Recent clinical studies have also highlighted the association between fungal infections and SAP. The sensing of gut bacteria by pattern recognition receptors promotes the development of SAP via the production of proinflammatory cytokines; however, the mechanism by which gut fungi mediate SAP remains largely unknown. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multifunctional protein that regulates innate immunity against fungi via Dectin-1 activation. Here, we investigated the role of LRRK2 in SAP development and observed that administration of LRRK2 inhibitors attenuated SAP development. The degree of SAP was greater in Lrrk2 transgenic (Tg) mice than in control mice and was accompanied by an increased production of nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines. Ablation of the fungal mycobiome by anti-fungal drugs inhibited SAP development in Lrrk2 Tg mice, whereas the degree of SAP was comparable in Lrrk2 Tg mice with or without gut sterilization by a broad range of antibiotics. Pancreatic mononuclear cells from Lrrk2 Tg mice produced large amounts of IL-6 and TNF-α upon stimulation with Dectin-1 ligands, and inhibition of the Dectin-1 pathway by a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor protected Lrrk2 Tg mice from SAP. These data indicate that LRRK2 activation is involved in the development of SAP through proinflammatory cytokine responses upon fungal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akane Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikue Sekai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Aïgnon HL, Fan YG, De Kesel A, Bahram M, Ryberg M, Yorou NS. A new species of Inosperma, and first record of I. afromelliolens (Inocybaceae, Fungi) from West Africa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290894. [PMID: 37851619 PMCID: PMC10584187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the newly identified Inosperma macrocarpa and the first record of I. afromelliolens from West Africa. Inosperma macrocarpa is nested in an Old World Tropical clade, based on a molecular phylogeny inferred from the sequences of ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1. Complete descriptions and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings, of the new species are presented. Morphological and molecular analyses based on collections from Benin confirmed the presence of I. afromelliolens in West Africa. Toxicity analysis showed that neither species contained muscarine, which further supports the hypothesis that the ability to produce muscarine is a derived trait of Inosperma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyppolite L. Aïgnon
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Yu-Guang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Ryberg
- Systematic Biology Program, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nourou S. Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
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Jahanabadi S, Amiri S, Karkeh-Abadi M, Razmi A. Natural psychedelics in the treatment of depression; a review focusing on neurotransmitters. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105620. [PMID: 37490982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. This review will discuss how natural psychedelics exert their neurobiological therapeutic effects, and how different neurotransmission systems mediate the effects of these compounds. Further, current therapeutic strategies for depression, and novel mechanism of action of natural psychedelics in the treatment of depression will be discussed. In this review, our focus will be on N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), reversible type A monoamine oxidase inhibitors, mescaline-containing cacti, psilocybin/psilocin-containing mushrooms, ibogaine, muscimol extracted from Amanita spp. mushrooms and ibotenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Jahanabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Karkeh-Abadi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Razmi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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Zeb M, Ullah A, Ullah F, Haq A, Ullah I, Badshah L, Haq MA. Diversity and biological characteristics of macrofungi of district Bajaur, a remote area of Pakistan in the Hindu Kush range. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17818. [PMID: 37539235 PMCID: PMC10395124 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to document the diversity and ecological characteristics of macrofungi of Bajaur, Pakistan. The diversity of macrofungi comprised 51 species belonging to 22 families and 37 genera. The families Agaricaceae (7 species) and Psathyrellaceae (7 species) were found dominant followed by Tricholomataceae (4 species), Fomitopsidaceae and Polyporaceae (4 species each) and Amanitaceae (3 species). White (23 species), brown (11 species), and yellow were the most prevalent morphological colours in basidiocarps (8 species). Among the identified species, 32 were saprophytic in nutrition followed by 7 parasitic, 6 saprophytic and parasitic both, while 6 mycorrhizal that make association with higher plants. The distribution of macrofungal species in the three tehsils of Bajaur was also evaluated based on Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index and evenness. The highest Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index were found for tehsil Utman Kheil at 3.73 and 0.97, while the maximum value of evenness for tehsil Khar with 0.92 value. The results indicate a very high species richness of the study site. Four species out of the total were identified to be new reports from Pakistan. This survey's findings suggested that there is a wide variety of macrofungi that might be used as food and alternative medications if further research is carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Zeb
- Department of Botany, Govt. Post Graduate College Khar, District Bajaur, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Department of Botany, Govt. Post Graduate College Khar, District Bajaur, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Botany, Govt. Post Graduate College Khar, District Bajaur, Pakistan
| | - Aminul Haq
- Department of Botany, Govt. Post Graduate College Khar, District Bajaur, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Ullah
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Lal Badshah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Haq
- Department of Botany, Govt. Post Graduate College Khar, District Bajaur, Pakistan
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Dovana F, Bandini D, Eberhardt U, Olariaga I, Bizio E, Ferisin G, Esteve-Raventós F. Re-Valuation of the Taxonomic Status of Species within the Inocybe similis Complex. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:679. [PMID: 37367615 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of Inocybe similis and closely allied species is addressed using morphological and molecular data (nrITS and nrLSU DNA). The holotypes of I. chondrospora and I. vulpinella and the isotype of I. immigrans were studied and sequenced. Our results suggest the synonymy between I. similis and I. vulpinella as well as that between I. chondrospora and I. immigrans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ditte Bandini
- Independent Researcher, Panoramastraße 47, 69257 Wiesenbach, Germany
| | - Ursula Eberhardt
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ibai Olariaga
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrico Bizio
- Società Veneziana di Micologia, c/o Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia, Fontego dei Turchi, S. Croce 1730, 30135 Venezia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ferisin
- Associazione Micologica Bassa Friulana, Via Vespucci 7, 33052 Cervignano del Friuli, Italy
| | - Fernando Esteve-Raventós
- Botany Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Plazas E, Faraone N. Indole Alkaloids from Psychoactive Mushrooms: Chemical and Pharmacological Potential as Psychotherapeutic Agents. Biomedicines 2023; 11:461. [PMID: 36830997 PMCID: PMC9953455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress represent a substantial long-term challenge for the global health systems because of their rising prevalence, uncertain neuropathology, and lack of effective pharmacological treatments. The approved existing studies constitute a piece of strong evidence whereby psychiatric drugs have shown to have unpleasant side effects and reduction of sustained tolerability, impacting patients' quality of life. Thus, the implementation of innovative strategies and alternative sources of bioactive molecules for the search for neuropsychiatric agents are required to guarantee the success of more effective drug candidates. Psychotherapeutic use of indole alkaloids derived from magic mushrooms has shown great interest and potential as an alternative to the synthetic drugs currently used on the market. The focus on indole alkaloids is linked to their rich history, their use as pharmaceuticals, and their broad range of biological properties, collectively underscoring the indole heterocycle as significant in drug discovery. In this review, we aim to report the physicochemical and pharmacological characteristics of indole alkaloids, particularly those derived from magic mushrooms, highlighting the promising application of such active ingredients as safe and effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Faraone
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
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11
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Wang H, Wang Y. Matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization-mass spectrometric imaging of psilocybin and its analogues in psychedelic mushrooms using a cesium chloride-coated target plate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:735-745. [PMID: 36459169 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fungi with hallucinogenic properties and neurotoxicity have been listed as prohibited drugs in recent years, but there is a lack of in situ quantification of psilocybin and analogues in these samples to avoid the decomposition of these psychoactive tryptamines in time-consuming sample preparation. In this study, matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization (MALDI)-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR) mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) was used to analyze the distribution of psilocybin and its analogues in hallucinogenic Psilocybe mushrooms. A cesium chloride (CsCl)-coated target plate was prepared to improve the detection sensitivity and reduce the interference of other compounds or decomposition products with very similar m/z values in MALDI-FT ICR MS analysis. Psilocybin and other tryptamines with structurally similar compounds, including psilocin, baeocystin, tryptophan, tryptamine, and aeruginascin, were identified and imaged in the psilocybe tissue section; the semiquantitative analysis of the distribution of psilocybin was also investigated using a homemade 75-well CsCl-coated plate; and the target plate can be placed on the mass spectrometry target carrier along with the indium-tin oxide (ITO) conductive slide, which can simultaneously carry out matrix vapor deposition, thus ensuring the parallelism between the standards and samples in the pretreatment experiment and MSI. The contents of psilocybin and its analogues in the psilocybe tissue section can be evaluated from the color changes corresponding to different concentration standard curves. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison between MALDI-FT ICR MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) analysis was performed for quantification and validation. This study reduces the decomposition in time-consuming sample pretreatment and provides a powerful tool for drug abuse control and forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, 200063, People's Republic of China. .,Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Narcotics Control Commission, Nanjing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Nanjing, 210012, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang YZ, Yan YY, Li HJ, Fan YG, Xu F. Toxin screening of Pseudosperma umbrinellum (Agaricals, Basidiomycota): First report of phalloidin in Inocybaceae mushroom. Toxicon 2022; 217:155-161. [PMID: 35998714 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudosperma species are widely distributed worldwide. Many of them cause poisoning incidents every year, and the toxin responsible for poisoning is muscarine, which could stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. This study established a method using multiwalled carbon nanotube purification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the targeted screening of mushroom toxins (muscarine, isoxazole derivatives, tryptamine alkaloids, three amatoxins and three phallotoxins) from Pseudosperma umbrinellum, a common poisonous mushroom distributed in north and northwestern China. Surprisingly, in addition to muscarine, phalloidin was also detected in P. umbrinellum, and the contents were 3022.2 ± 604.4 to 4002.3 ± 804.6 mg/kg (k = 2; p = 95%) muscarine and 5.9 ± 1.2 to 9.3 ± 1.8 mg/kg (k = 2; p = 95%) phalloidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhe Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ya Yan
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Physical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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13
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Deng LS, Yu WJ, Zeng NK, Zhang YZ, Wu XP, Li HJ, Xu F, Fan YG. A New Muscarine-Containing Inosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) Species Discovered From One Poisoning Incident Occurring in Tropical China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923435. [PMID: 35859745 PMCID: PMC9290438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, mushroom poisoning still poses a huge problem to humans' health and life globally. Poisoning incidents caused by Inosperma spp. were reported continuously in tropical China in recent years. In this study, a new poisonous Inosperma species, discovered from a poisoning incident, was described in tropical China based on morphological, molecular, and toxin detection evidence; detailed descriptions, photographs, and comparisons to closely related species were provided. For qualitative analysis, through targeted screening using ultra-high liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), the new species contains muscarine and no other toxins (two isoxazole derivatives, two tryptamine alkaloids, three amatoxins, and three phallotoxins). For quantitative analysis, muscarine contents in the pileus and the stipe were 2.08 ± 0.05 and 6.53 ± 1.88 g/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Sha Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R&D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R&D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Nian-Kai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R&D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu-Guang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R&D of Tropical Herbs, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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14
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Edible Mushrooms for Sustainable and Healthy Human Food: Nutritional and Medicinal Attributes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global food production faces many challenges, including climate change, a water crisis, land degradation, and desertification. These challenges require research into non-traditional sources of human foods. Edible mushrooms are considered an important next-generation healthy food source. Edible mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components (alkaloids, lactones, polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpenes, sterols, and terpenoids). Several bioactive ingredients can be extracted from edible mushrooms and incorporated into health-promoting supplements. It has been suggested that several human diseases can be treated with extracts from edible mushrooms, as these extracts have biological effects including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, and hypo-cholesterolemic influences. The current study focuses on sustainable approaches for handling edible mushrooms and their secondary metabolites, including biofortification. Comparisons between edible and poisonous mushrooms, as well as the common species of edible mushrooms and their different bioactive ingredients, are crucial. Nutritional values and the health benefits of edible mushrooms, as well as different biomedical applications, have been also emphasized. Further research is needed to explore the economic sustainability of different medicinal mushroom bioactive compound extracts and their potential applications against emerging diseases such as COVID-19. New approaches such as nano-biofortification are also needed to supply edible mushrooms with essential nutrients and/or to increase their bioactive ingredients.
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15
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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Lee S, Yu JS, Lee SR, Kim KH. Non-peptide secondary metabolites from poisonous mushrooms: overview of chemistry, bioactivity, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:512-559. [PMID: 34608478 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to June 2021A wide variety of mushrooms have traditionally been recognized as edible fungi with high nutritional value and low calories, and abundantly produce structurally diverse and bioactive secondary metabolites. However, accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms can result in serious illnesses and even death. Chemically, mushroom poisoning is associated with secondary metabolites produced in poisonous mushrooms, causing specific toxicity. However, many poisonous mushrooms have not been fully investigated for their secondary metabolites, and the secondary metabolites of poisonous mushrooms have not been systematically summarized for details such as chemical composition and biosynthetic mechanisms. The isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from poisonous mushrooms have great research value since these compounds could be lethal toxins that contribute to the toxicity of mushrooms or could provide lead compounds with remarkable biological activities that can promote advances in other related disciplines, such as biochemistry and pharmacology. In this review, we summarize the structures and biological activities of secondary metabolites identified from poisonous mushrooms and provide an overview of the current information on these metabolites, focusing on their chemistry, bioactivity, and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Deng LS, Kang R, Zeng NK, Yu WJ, Chang C, Xu F, Deng WQ, Qi LL, Zhou YL, Fan YG. Two new Inosperma (Inocybaceae) species with unexpected muscarine contents from tropical China. MycoKeys 2021; 85:87-108. [PMID: 35035255 PMCID: PMC8695569 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.85.71957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate identification of poisonous mushrooms and the confirmation of the toxins involved are both of great importance in the treatment of mushroom poisoning incidents. In recent years, cases of mushroom poisoning by Inosperma spp. have been repeatedly reported from tropical Asia. It is urgent to know the real species diversity of Inosperma in this region. In the present study, we proposed two new Inosperma species from tropical Asia, namely I.muscarium and I.hainanense. They were described based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny. Detailed descriptions, color photographs and the discussion with other closely related species of the two new taxa were provided. In addition, a comprehensive muscarine determination of these two new species using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach has been performed. Results showed that these two species were muscarine positive, with a content of 16.03 ± 1.23 g/kg in I.muscarium and a content of 11.87 ± 3.02 g/kg in I.hainanense, much higher than the known species I.virosum. Recovery of muscarine ranged from 93.45% to 97.25%, and the average recovery is 95.56%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Sha Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Transgenic Laboratory, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, ChinaHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Rui Kang
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570314, ChinaHainan Institute for Food ControlHaikouChina
| | - Nian-Kai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Transgenic Laboratory, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, ChinaHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Transgenic Laboratory, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, ChinaHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Cheng Chang
- Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Biocoenosis and Biodiversity, Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences, Yanbian 133613, ChinaJilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Biocoenosis and Biodiversity, Changbai Mountain Academy of SciencesYanbianChina
| | - Fei Xu
- Physical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750004, ChinaPhysical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and PreventionYinchuanChina
| | - Wang-Qiu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, ChinaGuangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang-Liang Qi
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanning 530007, ChinaMicrobiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Yu-Ling Zhou
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570314, ChinaHainan Institute for Food ControlHaikouChina
| | - Yu-Guang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Transgenic Laboratory, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, ChinaHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
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18
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Parnmen S, Nooron N, Leudang S, Sikaphan S, Polputpisatkul D, Pringsulaka O, Binchai S, Rangsiruji A. Foodborne illness caused by muscarine-containing mushrooms and identification of mushroom remnants using phylogenetics and LC-MS/MS. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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