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Yu L, Yang Y, Wang J, Bao Z, Zheng M, Wang X, Zhu Y, Wulasihan M. PDCD4 promotes inflammation/fibrosis by activating the PPAR‑γ/NF‑κB pathway in mouse atrial myocytes. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:209. [PMID: 39301631 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the basis of structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF), during which inflammation is crucial. Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) is a newly identified inflammatory gene, with unknown mechanisms of action in AF. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of PDCD4 on the inflammation and structural remodeling of atrial myocytes. For this purpose, a PDCD4 overexpression plasmid (oePDCD4) and PDCD4 small interfering (si)RNA (siPDCD4) were used to modulate PDCD4 expression in mouse atrial myocytes (HL‑1 cells). The expression of PDCD4 was detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The optimal drug concentrations of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist (pioglitazone hydrochloride), NF‑κB inhibitor (CBL0137), PPARγ inhibitor (GW9962) and NF‑κB agonist (betulinic acid) were screened using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The levels of inflammatory factors were detected using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays, the expression levels of fibrosis‑related proteins and NF‑κB subunits were detected using western blot analysis, and the expression of phosphorylated (p‑)p65/p65 was detected using immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that PDCD4 overexpression increased the levels of fibrotic factors (collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, α‑smooth muscle actin and matrix metalloproteinase 2), pro‑inflammatory cytokines (IFN‑γ, IL‑6, IL‑17A and TNF‑α) and p‑p65, whereas it reduced the levels of anti‑inflammatory cytokines (IL‑4) in HL‑1 cells. Additionally, treatment with the PPARγ agonist and NF‑κB inhibitor reversed the levels of fibrotic‑, pro‑inflammatory and anti‑inflammatory factors in oePDCD4‑HL‑1 cells. By contrast, PDCD4 silencing exerted the opposite effects on fibrotic factors, pro‑inflammatory cytokines, anti‑inflammatory cytokines and p‑p65. In addition, treatment with the PPARγ inhibitor and NF‑κB agonist reversed the levels of fibrotic‑, pro‑inflammatory and anti‑inflammatory factors in siPDCD4‑HL‑1 cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PDCD4 may induce inflammation and fibrosis by activating the PPARγ/NF‑κB signaling pathway, thereby promoting the structural remodeling of atrial myocytes in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Bao
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Integrated Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Muhuyati Wulasihan
- School of Health Management, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Pan H, Zhao Z, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Ruan H, Huang Y, Chi P, Huang S. Combining proteomics and Phosphoproteomics to investigate radiation-induced rectal fibrosis in rats and the effects of pSTAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 on human intestinal fibroblasts. J Proteomics 2024; 308:105287. [PMID: 39173903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of radiation-induced rectal fibrosis (RIRF) and assess the therapeutic potential of S3I-201. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and radiation groups, with the latter exposed to 20 Gray pelvic X-rays. After 10 weeks, rectal tissues were analyzed using tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Pathway enrichment was performed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, with secondary annotation using Cluego. Representative proteins and their phosphorylated counterparts were validated through immunoblotting in another cohort. STAT3 levels in rectal tissues from irradiated and non-irradiated colorectal cancer patients were examined, and the effects of S3I-201 on human rectal fibroblasts were evaluated. RESULTS The radiation group showed significant inflammatory responses and collagen deposition in the rat rectal walls. Enrichment analysis revealed that radiation-induced proteins and phosphoproteins were primarily involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and the MAPK signaling pathway. Immunoblotting indicated increased expression of p-CAMKII, p-MRACKS, p-Cfl1, p-Myl9, and p-STAT3 in the radiation group compared to the control, while p-AKT1 expression decreased. Elevated phosphorylation of STAT3 was observed in submucosal fibroblasts of the post-radiation human rectum. S3I-201 specifically inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressed activation of human rectal fibroblasts, also inhibiting the pro-fibrotic effects of the classical TGF-β/Smad/CTGF pathway. CONCLUSION By integrating phosphoproteomics and proteomics, this study elucidated the protein regulatory network of RIRF and identified the potential therapeutic targets, including phosphoproteins such as STAT3 in managing RIRF. SIGNIFICANCE In our research, we employed TMT labeling alongside LC-MS/MS techniques to comprehensively explore the proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscapes in rat models of radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis (RIRF). Our analysis revealed the function and pathways of proteins and phosphorylated proteins triggered by radiation, as well as those with protective roles. We mapped a network of interactions among these proteins and validated key protein expression levels using quantitative methods. Furthermore, we investigated STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target, assessing the efficacy of the inhibitor S3I-201 in laboratory settings, and highlighting its potential for RIRF treatment. Overall, our findings provide groundbreaking insights into the mechanisms underlying RIRF, paving the way for the development of future antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanchang Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihuang Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Ruan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Pan Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Shenghui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Hao X, Guo W, Li F, Cui L, Kang W. Analysis of the liver-gut axis including metabolomics and intestinal flora to determine the protective effects of kiwifruit seed oil on CCl 4-induced acute liver injury. Food Funct 2024; 15:9149-9164. [PMID: 39157920 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of kiwifruit seed oil (KSO) were evaluated on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo. Network pharmacology was used to predict active compounds and targets. Metabolomics and gut microbiota analyses were used to discover the activity mechanism of KSO. KSO improved the liver histological structure, significantly reduced serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, and increased liver antioxidant capacity. The metabolomics analysis showed that KSO may have hepatoprotective effects by controlling metabolites through its participation in signaling pathways like tryptophan metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose metabolism, and bile secretion. The gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that KSO improved the composition and quantity of the gut flora. Network pharmacological investigations demonstrated that KSO operated by altering Ptgs2, Nos2, Ppara, Pparg and Serpine1 mRNA levels. All evidence shows that KSO has a hepatoprotective effect, and the mechanism is connected to the regulation of metabolic disorders and intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Hao
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lili Cui
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Hsu YC, Shih YH, Ho C, Liu CC, Liaw CC, Lin HY, Lin CL. Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) Crude Extract Modulate Fibrotic Signals to Ameliorate Diabetic Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8986. [PMID: 39201671 PMCID: PMC11354680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by microinflammation in the glomeruli and myofibroblast activation in the tubulointerstitium. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a traditional Chinese medicine, is shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, implying its renal-protective potential. This study investigates which type of component can reduce the damage caused by diabetic nephropathy in a single setting. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) layer was demonstrated to provoke peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ activities in renal mesangial cells by dual luciferase reporter assay. In a high glucose (HG)-cultured mesangial cell model, the EtOAc layer substantially inhibited HG-induced elevations of interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and fibronectin, whereas down-regulated PPAR-γ was restored. In addition, among the extracts of S. miltiorrhiza, the EtOAc layer effectively mitigated TGF-β1-stimulated myofibroblast activation. The EtOAc layer also showed a potent ability to attenuate renal hypertrophy, proteinuria, and fibrotic severity by repressing diabetes-induced proinflammatory factor, extracellular matrix accumulation, and PPAR-γ reduction in the STZ-induced diabetes mouse model. Our findings, both in vitro and in vivo, indicate the potential of the EtOAc layer from S. miltiorrhiza for future drug development targeting diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chien Hsu
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-H.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-H.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng Ho
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chi Liu
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-H.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-H.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Zhang X, Hu S, Xiang X, Li Z, Chen Z, Xia C, He Q, Jin J, Chen H. Bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling identify potential cellular targets of the long noncoding RNA Gas5 in renal fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167206. [PMID: 38718848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (lncRNA Gas5) is implicated in various kidney diseases. In this study, we investigated the lncRNA Gas5 expression profile and its critical role as a potential biomarker in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Subsequently, we assessed the effect of lncRNA Gas5 deletion on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The results indicated that loss of lncRNA Gas5 exacerbates UUO-induced renal injury and extracellular matrix deposition. Notably, the deletion of lncRNA Gas5 had a similar effect on control mice. The fibrogenic phenotype observed in mice lacking lncRNA Gas5 correlates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway activation and aberrant cytokine and chemokine reprogramming. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed key transcriptomic features of fibroblasts after Gas5 deletion, revealing heterogeneous cellular states suggestive of a propensity for renal fibrosis. Our findings indicate that lncRNA Gas5 regulates the differentiation and activation of immune cells and the transcription of key genes in the PPAR signaling pathway. These data offer novel insights into the involvement of lncRNA Gas5 in renal fibrosis, potentially paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouci Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhejun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Cheng YC, Acedera JD, Li YJ, Shieh SY. A keratinocyte-adipocyte signaling loop is reprogrammed by loss of BTG3 to augment skin carcinogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:970-982. [PMID: 38714880 PMCID: PMC11303697 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is endemic to many developed countries. Overweight or obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. Dysfunctional adipose tissue alters cancer cell proliferation and migration; however, whether and how neoplastic epithelial cells communicate with adipose tissue and the underlying mechanism are less clear. BTG3 is a member of the anti-proliferative BTG/Tob family and functions as a tumor suppressor. Here, we demonstrated that BTG3 levels are downregulated in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal skin tissue, and Btg3 knockout in mice augmented the development of papilloma in a mouse model of DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, BTG3-knockout keratinocytes promoted adipocyte differentiation mainly through the release of IL1α, IL10, and CCL4, as a result of elevated NF-κB activity. These adipocytes produced CCL20 and FGF7 in a feedback loop to promote keratinocyte migration. Thus, our findings showcased the role of BTG3 in guarding the interplay between keratinocytes and adjacent adipocytes, and identified the underlying neoplastic molecular mediators that may serve as possible targets in the treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jack Dalit Acedera
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Yann Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Lin CH, Liu WS, Wan C, Wang HH. PPARγ activation ameliorates PM2.5-induced renal tubular injury by inhibiting ferroptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100189. [PMID: 39188272 PMCID: PMC11345305 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with the development and progression of renal disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a key transcription factor involved in inflammation as well as lipid and glucose metabolism, helps maintain the integrity of tubular epithelial cells. However, the precise role of PPARγ in PM2.5-induced tubular injury remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of PPARγ on PM2.5-induced ferroptotic stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tubular (HK-2) cells. We found that downregulation of PPARγ expression was correlated with EMT in PM2.5-exposed cells. Pretreatment with the PPARγ agonist 15d-PGJ2 protected the cells from EMT by reducing ferroptotic stress, whereas that with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 promoted EMT. Furthermore, pretreatment with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) significantly prevented PM2.5-induced EMT and downregulation of PPARγ expression. Notably, overexpression of PPARγ blocked PM2.5-induced downregulation of E-cadherin and GPX4 expression and upregulation of α-SMA expression. This study highlights the complex associations of PPARγ with ferroptosis and EMT in PM2.5-exposed tubular cells. Our findings suggest that PPARγ activation confers protection against PM2.5-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Lin
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- Department of Special Education, University of Taipei, Taipei 100234, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
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Abuiessa SA, Helmy MM, El-Gowelli HM, El-Gowilly SM, El-Mas MM. Gestationally administered RAS modulators reprogram endotoxic cardiovascular and inflammatory profiles in adult male offspring of preeclamptic rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03305-2. [PMID: 39046530 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that preeclampsia (PE) amplifies cardiovascular dysfunction induced by endotoxemia in adult male, but not female, offspring. Here, we asked if such aggravated endotoxic insult could be nullified by modulators of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). PE was induced by gestational administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Adult male offspring of PE mothers treated gestationally with angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7, angiotensin II-derived vasodilator), losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist), pioglitazone (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, PPARγ, agonist), or combined losartan/pioglitazone were instrumented with femoral indwelling catheters and challenged intravenously with a 5-mg/kg dose of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 5 mg/kg). LPS caused significant decreases in blood pressure (BP) and spectral index of overall heart rate variability and increases in heart rate and left ventricular contractility (dP/dtmax). These effects were mostly reduced to similar magnitudes by individual drug therapies. In offspring born to Ang1-7-treated dams, the spectral index of cardiac sympathovagal balance showed elevated sympathetic dominance in response to LPS. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Ang1-7, but not losartan/pioglitazone, abolished the exaggerated increases in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) expression caused by PE/LPS in heart tissues and neuronal circuits of brainstem rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). By contrast, the losartan/pioglitazone regimen, but not Ang1-7, decreased and increased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 expression, respectively. Together, gestational fetal reprogramming of Ang II (depression) and Ang1-7 (activation) arms of RAS effectively counterbalance worsened endotoxic cardiovascular and inflammatory profiles in adult male offspring of PE rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A Abuiessa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai M Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Gowelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Gowilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriyah Block 4, Hawally, Jabriya, Kuwait.
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9
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Ju X, Wang K, Wang C, Zeng C, Wang Y, Yu J. Regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:284. [PMID: 39026235 PMCID: PMC11264880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal, progressive, and irreversible condition that has become a significant focus of medical research due to its increasing incidence. This rising trend presents substantial challenges for patients, healthcare providers, and researchers. Despite the escalating burden of pulmonary fibrosis, the available therapeutic options remain limited. Currently, the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved two drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis-nintedanib and pirfenidone. However, their therapeutic effectiveness is limited, and they cannot reverse the fibrosis process. Additionally, these drugs are associated with significant side effects. Myofibroblasts play a central role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis, significantly contributing to its progression. Consequently, strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation or promoting their dedifferentiation hold promise as effective treatments. This review examines the regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation, exploring various signaling pathways, regulatory targets, and potential pharmaceutical interventions that could provide new directions for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Huang H, Zhu X, Yu Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Xia L, Lu S. EGFR mutations induce the suppression of CD8 + T cell and anti-PD-1 resistance via ERK1/2-p90RSK-TGF-β axis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:653. [PMID: 39004699 PMCID: PMC11246587 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations exhibit an unfavorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, and their tumor microenvironment (TME) is usually immunosuppressed. TGF-β plays an important role in immunosuppression; however, the effects of TGF-β on the TME and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy against EGFR-mutated tumors remain unclear. METHODS Corresponding in vitro studies used the TCGA database, clinical specimens, and self-constructed mouse cell lines with EGFR mutations. We utilized C57BL/6N and humanized M-NSG mouse models bearing EGFR-mutated NSCLC to investigate the effects of TGF-β on the TME and the combined efficacy of TGF-β blockade and anti-PD-1 therapy. The changes in immune cells were monitored by flow cytometry. The correlation between TGF-β and immunotherapy outcomes of EGFR-mutated NSCLC was verified by clinical samples. RESULTS We identified that TGF-β was upregulated in EGFR-mutated NSCLC by EGFR activation and subsequent ERK1/2-p90RSK phosphorylation. TGF-β directly inhibited CD8+ T cell infiltration, proliferation, and cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, but blocking TGF-β did not suppress the growth of EGFR-mutated tumors in vivo. Anti-TGF-β antibody combined with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly inhibited the proliferation of recombinant EGFR-mutated tumors in C57BL/6N mice, which was superior to their monotherapy. Mechanistically, the combination of anti-TGF-β and anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we found that the expression of TGF-β1 in EGFR-TKI resistant cell lines was significantly higher than that in parental cell lines. The combination of anti-TGF-β and nivolumab significantly inhibited the proliferation of EGFR-TKI resistant tumors in humanized M-NSG mice and prolonged their survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TGF-β expression is upregulated in NSCLC with EGFR mutations through the EGFR-ERK1/2-p90RSK signaling pathway. High TGF-β expression inhibits the infiltration and anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells, contributing to the "cold" TME of EGFR-mutated tumors. Blocking TGF-β can reshape the TME and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 in EGFR-mutated tumors, which provides a potential combination immunotherapy strategy for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaokuan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongfeng Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Ren M, Li J, Xu Z, Nan B, Gao H, Wang H, Lin Y, Shen H. Arsenic exposure induced renal fibrosis via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3-TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3679-3693. [PMID: 38511876 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Environmental arsenic exposure is one of the major global public health problems. Studies have shown that arsenic exposure can cause renal fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Integrating the in vivo and in vitro models, this study investigated the potential molecular pathways for arsenic-induced renal fibrosis. In this study, SD rats were treated with 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L NaAsO2 for 8 weeks via drinking water, and HK2 cells were treated with different doses of NaAsO2 for 48 h. The in vivo results showed that arsenic content in the rats' kidneys increased as the dose increased. Body weight decreased and kidney coefficient increased at 100 mg/L. As a response to the elevated NaAsO2 dose, inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular injury, glomerular atrophy, tubulointerstitial hemorrhage, and fibrosis became more obvious indicated by HE and Masson staining. The kidney transcriptome profiles further supported the protein-protein interactions involved in NaAsO2-induced renal fibrosis. The in vivo results, in together with the in vitro experiments, have revealed that exposure to NaAsO2 disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, promoted mitophagy, activated inflammation and the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway, and finally resulted in fibrosis. In summary, arsenic exposure contributed to renal fibrosis via regulating the mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3-TGF-β1/SMAD signaling axis. This study presented an adverse outcome pathway for the development of renal fibrosis due to arsenic exposure through drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingru Nan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Monedero Cobeta I, Gomez Bris R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Saez A, Quintana-Villamandos B, González Granado JM, Arribas SM. Fetal programming and lactation: modulating gene expression in response to undernutrition during intrauterine life. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1764-1774. [PMID: 38326476 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse environmental conditions during intrauterine life, known as fetal programming, significantly contribute to the development of diseases in adulthood. Fetal programming induced by factors like maternal undernutrition leads to low birth weight and increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS We studied a rat model of maternal undernutrition during gestation (MUN) to investigate gene expression changes in cardiac tissue using RNA-sequencing of day 0-1 litters. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of lactation at day 21, in MUN model and cross-fostering experiments, on cardiac structure and function assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, and gene expression changes though qPCR. RESULTS Our analysis identified specific genes with altered expression in MUN rats at birth. Two of them, Agt and Pparg, stand out for being associated with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. At the end of the lactation period, MUN males showed increased expression of Agt and decreased expression of Pparg, correlating with cardiac hypertrophy. Cross-fostering experiments revealed that lactation with control breastmilk mitigated these expression changes reducing cardiac hypertrophy in MUN males. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the interplay between fetal programming, gene expression, and cardiac hypertrophy suggesting that lactation period is a potential intervention window to mitigate the effects of fetal programming. IMPACT Heart remodeling involves the alteration of several groups of genes and lactation period plays a key role in establishing gene expression modification caused by fetal programming. We could identify expression changes of relevant genes in cardiac tissue induced by undernutrition during fetal life. We expose the contribution of the lactation period in modulating the expression of Agt and Pparg, relevant genes associated with cardiac hypertrophy. This evidence reveal lactation as a crucial intervention window for preventing or countering fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Monedero Cobeta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gomez Bris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Begoña Quintana-Villamandos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria González Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Magdalena Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Ezhilarasan D. Deciphering the molecular pathways of saroglitazar: A dual PPAR α/γ agonist for managing metabolic NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 155:155912. [PMID: 38609038 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Saroglitazar (SARO), a dual peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ agonist, has been used to treat metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and diabetic dyslipidemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SARO, administered at a dose of 4 mg/day, has been consistently studied in clinical trials with different time points ranging from 4 to 24 weeks with NAFLD patients. Due to its PPAR-γ agonistic action, SARO prevents adipose tissue-mediated fatty acid delivery to the liver by increasing insulin sensitivity and regulating adiponectin and leptin levels in adipose tissue. In hepatocytes, SARO induces fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria and transcriptionally activates lipid metabolizing genes in peroxisomes. SARO inhibits insulin resistance, thereby preventing the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins -1c and carbohydrate response element binding protein in hepatocytes through its PPAR-α agonistic action. SARO treatment reduces lipotoxicity-mediated oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and transcriptionally expressing the antioxidants from the antioxidant response element in the nucleus through its PPAR-γ agonistic action. SARO provides a PPAR-α/γ-mediated anti-inflammatory effect by preventing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK and ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B in hepatocytes. Additionally, SARO interferes with transforming growth factor-β/Smad downstream signaling, thereby reducing liver fibrosis progression through its PPAR-α/γ agonistic actions. Thus, SARO improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in NAFLD, reduces lipid accumulation in the liver, and thereby prevents mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis progression. This review summarizes the possible molecular mechanism of SARO in the NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
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14
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Zhao YQ, Ren YF, Li BB, Wei C, Yu B. The mysterious association between adiponectin and endometriosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396616. [PMID: 38813109 PMCID: PMC11133721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a pleiotropic cytokine predominantly derived from adipose tissue. In addition to its role in regulating energy metabolism, adiponectin may also be related to estrogen-dependent diseases, and many studies have confirmed its involvement in mediating diverse biological processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, all of which are related to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Although many researchers have reported low levels of adiponectin in patients with endometriosis and suggested that it may serve as a protective factor against the development of the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide an up-to-date summary of the roles of adiponectin and its downstream cytokines and signaling pathways in the aforementioned biological processes. Further systematic studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of adiponectin may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of endometriosis as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing-Bing Li
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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15
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A Abdel-Hamid H, Marey H, Fouli Gaber Ibrahim M. Hydrogen sulfide protects the endometrium in a rat model of type 1 diabetes via modulation of PPARγ/mTOR and Nrf-2/NF-κb pathways. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38685691 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2347239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of endometrial diseases in women. No study has addressed the influence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) donors on endometrial injury on top of type 1 diabetes. This research was conducted to study either the effect of sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS), the H2S donor, or DL-propargylglycine (PAG), the inhibitor of endogenous H2S production, on the endometrium of diabetic rats. A total of 40 female Wistar rats were separated into control group, diabetic group, diabetic group treated with NaHS and diabetic group treated with PAG. Serum levels of insulin, glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were assessed. Uterine tissue markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and cell proliferation were analysed. Diabetes-induced endometrial overgrowth associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibition of apoptosis. NaHS administration reversed the previous conditions while PAG administration got them worse. We concluded that H2S prevented endometrial overgrowth in a rat model of type 1 diabetes through modulation of PPARγ/mTOR and Nrf-2/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, KSA
| | - Heba Marey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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16
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Guo C, Lai L, Ma B, Huang Q, Wang Z. Notoginsenoside R1 targets PPAR-γ to inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation and ameliorates liver fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113992. [PMID: 38492634 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis, a common pathological process that occurs in end-stage liver diseases, is a serious public health problem and lacks effective therapy. Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) is a small molecule derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Sanqi, exhibiting great potential in treating diverse metabolie disorders. Here we aimed to enquired the role of NR1 in liver fibrosis and its underlying mechanism in hepatoprotective effects. METHODS We investigated the anti-fibrosis effect of NR1 using CCl4-induced mouse mode of liver fibrosis as well as TGF-β1-activated JS-1, LX-2 cells and primary hepatic stellate cell. Cell samples treated by NR1 were collected for transcriptomic profiling analysis. PPAR-γ mediated TGF-β1/Smads signaling was examined using PPAR-γ selective inhibitors and agonists intervention, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Additionally, we designed and studied the binding of NR1 to PPAR-γ using molecular docking. RESULTS NR1 obviously attenuated liver histological damage, reduced serum ALT, AST levels, and decreased liver fibrogenesis markers in mouse mode. Mechanistically, NR1 elevated PPAR-γ and decreased TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 expression. The TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and fibrotic phenotype were altered in JS-1 cells after using PPAR-γ selective inhibitors and agonists respectively, confirming PPAR-γ played a pivotal protection role inNR1 treating liver fibrosis. Further molecular docking indicated NR1 had a strong binding tendency to PPAR-γ with minimum free energy. CONCLUSIONS NR1 attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis by elevating PPAR-γ to inhibit TGF-β1/Smads signalling. NR1 may be a potential candidate compound for reliving liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Linying Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Boyu Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Pudong Weifang Community Health Center, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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17
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Calvier L, Alexander A, Marckx AT, Kounnas MZ, Durakoglugil M, Herz J. Safety of Anti-Reelin Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:583. [PMID: 38607022 PMCID: PMC11011630 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular glycoprotein, plays critical roles in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have revealed non-neuronal functions of plasma Reelin in inflammation by promoting endothelial-leukocyte adhesion through its canonical pathway in endothelial cells (via ApoER2 acting on NF-κB), as well as in vascular tone regulation and thrombosis. In this study, we have investigated the safety and efficacy of selectively depleting plasma Reelin as a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We found that Reelin expression remains stable throughout adulthood and that peripheral anti-Reelin antibody treatment with CR-50 efficiently depletes plasma Reelin without affecting its levels or functionality within the CNS. Notably, this approach preserves essential neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), selective modulation of endothelial responses by anti-Reelin antibodies reduces pathological leukocyte infiltration without completely abolishing diapedesis. Finally, long-term Reelin depletion under metabolic stress induced by a Western diet did not negatively impact the heart, kidney, or liver, suggesting a favorable safety profile. These findings underscore the promising role of peripheral anti-Reelin therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and conditions where endothelial function is compromised, offering a novel approach that may avoid the immunosuppressive side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anna Alexander
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Austin T. Marckx
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Murat Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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18
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Petrenko O, Königshofer P, Brusilovskaya K, Hofer BS, Bareiner K, Simbrunner B, Jühling F, Baumert TF, Lupberger J, Trauner M, Kauschke SG, Pfisterer L, Simon E, Rendeiro AF, de Rooij LP, Schwabl P, Reiberger T. Transcriptomic signatures of progressive and regressive liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. iScience 2024; 27:109301. [PMID: 38469563 PMCID: PMC10926212 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent liver injury triggers a fibrogenic program that causes pathologic remodeling of the hepatic microenvironment (i.e., liver fibrosis) and portal hypertension. The dynamics of gene regulation during liver disease progression and early regression remain understudied. Here, we generated hepatic transcriptome profiles in two well-established liver disease models at peak fibrosis and during spontaneous regression after the removal of the inducing agents. We linked the dynamics of key disease readouts, such as portal pressure, collagen area, and transaminase levels, to differentially expressed genes, enabling the identification of transcriptomic signatures of progressive vs. regressive liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. These candidate biomarkers (e.g., Tcf4, Mmp7, Trem2, Spp1, Scube1, Islr) were validated in RNA sequencing datasets of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and those cured from hepatitis C infection. Finally, deconvolution identified major cell types and suggested an association of macrophage and portal hepatocyte signatures with portal hypertension and fibrosis area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Petrenko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Philipp Königshofer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ksenia Brusilovskaya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Benedikt S. Hofer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Bareiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Benedikt Simbrunner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Frank Jühling
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Service d’hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Service d’hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Stefan G. Kauschke
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Larissa Pfisterer
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Eric Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - André F. Rendeiro
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Laura P.M.H. de Rooij
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Philipp Schwabl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
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19
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Zhou BW, Liu HM, Xu F, Jia XH. The role of macrophage polarization and cellular crosstalk in the pulmonary fibrotic microenvironment: a review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:172. [PMID: 38461312 PMCID: PMC10924385 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive interstitial inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate. Patients with PF commonly experience a chronic dry cough and progressive dyspnoea for years without effective mitigation. The pathogenesis of PF is believed to be associated with dysfunctional macrophage polarization, fibroblast proliferation, and the loss of epithelial cells. Thus, it is of great importance and necessity to explore the interactions among macrophages, fibroblasts, and alveolar epithelial cells in lung fibrosis, as well as in the pro-fibrotic microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the latest studies that have investigated macrophage polarization and activation of non-immune cells in the context of PF pathogenesis and progression. Next, we discuss how profibrotic cellular crosstalk is promoted in the PF microenvironment by multiple cytokines, chemokines, and signalling pathways. And finally, we discuss the potential mechanisms of fibrogenesis development and efficient therapeutic strategies for the disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of the vital role of macrophage polarization in PF and its profibrotic crosstalk with fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells and suggest potential treatment strategies to target their cellular communication in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hua-Man Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xin-Hua Jia
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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20
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Wang Y, Lei F, Lin Y, Han Y, Yang L, Tan H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as therapeutic target for cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17931. [PMID: 37700501 PMCID: PMC10902584 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. There are three subtypes of PPARs, including PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ. They are expressed in different tissues and act by regulating the expression of target genes in the form of binding to ligands. Various subtypes of PPAR have been shown to have significant roles in a wide range of biological processes including lipid metabolism, body energy homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, bone formation, tissue repair and remodelling. Recent studies have found that PPARs are closely related to tumours. They are involved in cancer cell growth, angiogenesis and tumour immune response, and are essential components in tumour progression and metastasis. As such, they have become a target for cancer therapy research. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge on the involvement of PPARs in cancer, including their role in tumourigenesis, the impact of PPARs in tumour microenvironment and the potential of using PPARs combinational therapy to treat cancer by targeting essential signal pathways, or as adjuvants to boost the effects of current chemo and immunotherapies. Our review highlights the complexity of PPARs in cancer and the need for a better understanding of the mechanism in order to design effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineMontefiore Medical Center, Wakefield CampusBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Feifei Lei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Yiyun Lin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yuru Han
- Qinghai Provincial People's HospitalXiningChina
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
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21
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Yang S, Sun Y, Luo Y, Liu Y, Jiang M, Li J, Zhang Q, Bai J. Hypermethylation of PPARG-encoding gene promoter mediates fine particulate matter-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the HMGB1/NLRP3 axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116068. [PMID: 38330871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a common class of air pollutants, is an important trigger for the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are yet to be fully understood. To investigate the mechanisms behind the onset and progression of lung fibrosis owing to PM2.5 exposure, both rats and human bronchial epithelial cells were subjected to varying concentrations of PM2.5. The involvement of the PPARG/HMGB1/NLRP3 signaling pathway in developing lung fibrosis caused by PM2.5 was validated through the utilization of a PPARG agonist (rosiglitazone), a PPARG inhibitor (GW9662), and an HMGB1 inhibitor (glycyrrhizin). These outcomes highlighted the downregulation of PPARG expression and activation of the HMGB1/NLRP3 signaling pathway triggered by PM2.5, thereby eliciting inflammatory responses and promoting pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, PM2.5 exposure-induced DNA hypermethylation of PPARG-encoding gene promoter downregulated PPARG expression. Moreover, the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine mitigated the hypermethylation of the PPARG-encoding gene promoter triggered by PM2.5. In conclusion, the HMGB1/NLRP3 signaling pathway was activated in pulmonary fibrosis triggered by PM2.5 through the hypermethylation of the PPARG-encoding gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China; Chongqing Nanan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400066, China
| | - Yaochuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yajun Luo
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Mengyu Jiang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Jiayou Li
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China
| | - Qibing Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, China.
| | - Jun Bai
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 638000, China.
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22
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Xiang Y, Yuan Z, Deng Q, Xie L, Yu D, Shi J. Potential therapeutic medicines for renal fibrosis: Small-molecule compounds and natural products. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106999. [PMID: 38035515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the pathological change process of chronic kidney disease deteriorating continuously. When the renal organ is stimulated by external stimuli, it will trigger the damage and phenotypic changes of some intrinsic cells in the kidney. When the body's autoimmune regulation or external treatment is not prompted enough to restore the organ, the pathological process is gradually aggravating, inducing a large amount of intracellular collagen deposition, which leads to the appearance of fibrosis and scarring. The renal parenchyma (including glomeruli and tubules) begins to harden, making it difficult to repair the kidney lesions. In the process of gradual changes in the kidney tissue, the kidney units are severely damaged and the kidney function shows a progressive decline, eventually resulting in the clinical manifestation of end-stage renal failure, namely uremia. This review provides a brief description of the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic inhibitors of renal fibrosis. Since renal fibrosis has not yet had a clear therapeutic target and related drugs, some potential targets and relevant inhibitors are discussed, especially pharmacological effects and interactions with targets. Some existing natural products have potential efficacy for renal fibrosis, which is also roughly summarized, hoping that this article would have reference significance for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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23
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Zheng L, Chen S, Wu Q, Li X, Zeng W, Dong F, An W, Qin F, Lei L, Zhao C. Tree shrews as a new animal model for systemic sclerosis research. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1315198. [PMID: 38343538 PMCID: PMC10853407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1315198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by immune dysregulation and fibrosis for which there is no effective treatment. Animal models are crucial for advancing SSc research. Tree shrews are genetically, anatomically, and immunologically closer to humans than rodents. Thus, the tree shrew model provides a unique opportunity for translational research in SSc. Methods In this study, a SSc tree shrew model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of different doses of bleomycin (BLM) for 21 days. We assessed the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in the skin and internal organs, and antibodies in serum. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and a series of bioinformatics analyses were performed to analyze the transcriptome changes, hub genes and immune infiltration in the skin tissues of BLM induced SSc tree shrew models. Multiple sequence alignment was utilized to analyze the conservation of selected target genes across multiple species. Results Subcutaneous injection of BLM successfully induced a SSc model in tree shrew. This model exhibited inflammation and fibrosis in skin and lung, and some developed esophageal fibrosis and secrum autoantibodies including antinuclear antibodies and anti-scleroderma-70 antibody. Using RNA sequencing, we compiled skin transcriptome profiles in SSc tree shrew models. 90 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were mainly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolic pathway, p53 signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction and glutathione metabolism, all of which are closely associated with SSc. Immune infiltration analysis identified 20 different types of immune cells infiltrating the skin of the BLM-induced SSc tree shrew models and correlations between those immune cells. By constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, we identified 10 hub genes that were significantly highly expressed in the skin of the SSc models compared to controls. Furthermore, these genes were confirmed to be highly conserved in tree shrews, humans and mice. Conclusion This study for the first time comfirmed that tree shrew model of SSc can be used as a novel and promising experimental animal model to study the pathogenesis and translational research in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leting Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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24
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Boo YC. Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Rosmarinic Acid and the Extracts of Lamiaceae Plants for the Treatment of Fibrosis of Various Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38397744 PMCID: PMC10886237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, which causes structural hardening and functional degeneration in various organs, is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of connective tissue containing collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), etc. In traditional medicine, extracts of medicinal plants or herbal prescriptions have been used to treat various fibrotic diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the antifibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and plant extracts that contain RA, as observed in various experimental models. RA, as well as the extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Melissa officinalis, Elsholtzia ciliata, Lycopus lucidus, Ocimum basilicum, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Perilla frutescens, have been shown to attenuate fibrosis of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and abdomen in experimental animal models. Their antifibrotic effects were associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, cell activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrogenic gene expression. RA treatment activated peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) while suppressing the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, most plants that are reported to contain RA and exhibit antifibrotic activity belong to the family Lamiaceae. This suggests that RA is an active ingredient for the antifibrotic effect of Lamiaceae plants and that these plants are a useful source of RA. In conclusion, accumulating scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of RA and Lamiaceae plant extracts in alleviating fibrosis and maintaining the structural architecture and normal functions of various organs under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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25
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Liang S, Lu Z, Cai L, Zhu M, Zhou H, Zhang J. Multi-Omics analysis reveals molecular insights into the effects of acute ozone exposure on lung tissues of normal and obese male mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108436. [PMID: 38219541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Certain sub-groups, including men and obese individuals, are more susceptible to ozone (O3) exposure, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the male mice were divided into two dietary groups: one fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mimicking obesity conditions, and the other fed a normal diet (ND), then exposed to 0.5 ppm and 2 ppm O3 for 4 h per day over two days. The HFD mice exhibited significantly higher body weight and serum lipid biochemical indicators compared to the ND mice. Obese mice also exhibited more severe pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Using a multi-omics approach including proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, we observed that O3 exposure induced significant pulmonary molecular changes in both obese and normal mice, primarily arachidonic acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Different molecular biomarker responses to acute O3 exposure were also observed between two dietary groups, with immune-related proteins impacted in obese mice and PPAR pathway-related proteins affected in normal mice. Furthermore, although not statistically significant, O3 exposure tended to aggravate HFD-induced disturbances in lung glycerophospholipid metabolism. Overall, this study provides valuable molecular insights into the responses of lung to O3 exposure and highlights the potential impact of O3 on obesity-induced metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lijing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Nisticò C, Chiarella E. An Overview on Lipid Droplets Accumulation as Novel Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3186. [PMID: 38137407 PMCID: PMC10741140 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key alteration in tumorigenesis. In cancer cells, changes in metabolic fluxes are required to cope with large demands on ATP, NADPH, and NADH, as well as carbon skeletons. In particular, dysregulation in lipid metabolism ensures a great energy source for the cells and sustains cell membrane biogenesis and signaling molecules, which are necessary for tumor progression. Increased lipid uptake and synthesis results in intracellular lipid accumulation as lipid droplets (LDs), which in recent years have been considered hallmarks of malignancies. Here, we review current evidence implicating the biogenesis, composition, and functions of lipid droplets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is an aggressive hematological neoplasm originating from the abnormal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow and blood and can be fatal within a few months without treatment. LD accumulation positively correlates with a poor prognosis in AML since it involves the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and cross-talk between the tumor microenvironment and leukemic cells. Targeting altered LD production could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in AML. From this perspective, we discuss the main inhibitors tested in in vitro AML cell models to block LD formation, which is often associated with leukemia aggressiveness and which may find clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Nisticò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Hou YC, Liao MT, Tsai KW, Zheng CM, Chiu HW, Lu KC. Indoxyl sulfate induced frailty in patients with end-stage renal disease by disrupting the PGC-1α-FNDC5 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11532-11545. [PMID: 37878003 PMCID: PMC10637807 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia or frailty is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The protein-bound uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) is associated with frailty. IS induces apoptosis and disruption of mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle. However, the association of IS with anabolic myokines such as irisin in patients with CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is unclear. This study aims to elucidate whether IS induces frailty by dysregulating irisin in patients with CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The handgrip strength of 53 patients, including 28 patients with ESRD, was examined. Serum concentrations of IS and irisin were analyzed. CKD was established in BALB/c mice through 5/6 nephrectomy. Pathologic analysis of skeletal muscle was assessed through haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator PGC-1α and irisin were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS Handgrip strength was lower among patients with ESRD than among those without ESRD. In total, 64.3% and 24% of the patients in the ESRD and control groups had low handgrip strength, respectively (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of IS were significantly higher in the ESRD group than in the control group (222.81 ± 90.67 μM and 23.19 ± 33.28 μM, respectively, p < 0.05). Concentrations of irisin were lower in the ESRD group than in the control group (64.62 ± 32.64 pg/mL vs. 99.77 ± 93.29 pg/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). ROC curves for low handgrip strength by irisin and IS were 0.298 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.139-0.457, p < 0.05) and 0.733 (95% CI: 0.575-0.890, p < 0.05), respectively. The percentage of collagen was significantly higher in mice with 5/6 nephrectomy than in the control group. After resveratrol (RSV) treatment, the percentage of collagen significantly decreased. RSV modulates TGF-β signaling. In vitro analysis revealed that IS treatment suppressed expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas RSV treatment attenuated IS-induced phenomena in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION IS was positively correlated with frailty in patients with ESRD through the modulation of the PGC-1α-FNDC5 axis. RSV may be a potential drug for reversing IS-induced suppression of the PGC-1α-FNDC5 axis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Shuang Ho Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
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28
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Apte SH, Groves PL, Tan ME, Lutzky VP, de Silva T, Monteith JN, Yerkovich ST, O’Sullivan BJ, Davis RA, Chambers DC. A Methodological Approach to Identify Natural Compounds with Antifibrotic Activity and the Potential to Treat Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Single-Cell Sequencing and Primary Human Lung Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15104. [PMID: 37894784 PMCID: PMC10606775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and lethal form of the interstitial pneumonias. The cause of the disease is unknown, and new therapies that stop or reverse disease progression are desperately needed. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have led to an abundance of freely available, clinically relevant, organ-and-disease-specific, single-cell transcriptomic data, including studies from patients with IPF. We mined data from published IPF data sets and identified gene signatures delineating pro-fibrotic or antifibrotic macrophages and then used the Enrichr platform to identify compounds with the potential to drive the macrophages toward the antifibrotic transcriptotype. We then began testing these compounds in a novel in vitro phenotypic drug screening assay utilising human lung macrophages recovered from whole-lung lavage of patients with silicosis. As predicted by the Enrichr tool, glitazones potently modulated macrophage gene expression towards the antifibrotic phenotype. Next, we assayed a subset of the NatureBank pure compound library and identified the cyclobutane lignan, endiandrin A, which was isolated from the roots of the endemic Australian rainforest plant, Endiandra anthropophagorum, with a similar antifibrotic potential to the glitazones. These methods open new avenues of exploration to find treatments for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon H. Apte
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; (P.L.G.); (M.E.T.); (V.P.L.); (T.d.S.); (B.J.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
| | - Penny L. Groves
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; (P.L.G.); (M.E.T.); (V.P.L.); (T.d.S.); (B.J.O.)
| | - Maxine E. Tan
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; (P.L.G.); (M.E.T.); (V.P.L.); (T.d.S.); (B.J.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
| | - Viviana P. Lutzky
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; (P.L.G.); (M.E.T.); (V.P.L.); (T.d.S.); (B.J.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
| | - Tharushi de Silva
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; (P.L.G.); (M.E.T.); (V.P.L.); (T.d.S.); (B.J.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
| | - Joshua N. Monteith
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
| | - Stephanie T. Yerkovich
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
| | - Brendan J. O’Sullivan
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; (P.L.G.); (M.E.T.); (V.P.L.); (T.d.S.); (B.J.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
- NatureBank, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Chambers
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; (P.L.G.); (M.E.T.); (V.P.L.); (T.d.S.); (B.J.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.N.M.); (S.T.Y.)
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Wong YS, Mançanares AC, Navarrete FI, Poblete PM, Méndez-Pérez L, Ferreira-Dias GML, Rodriguez-Alvarez L, Castro FO. Mare stromal endometrial cells differentially modulate inflammation depending on oestrus cycle status: an in vitro study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1271240. [PMID: 37869492 PMCID: PMC10587403 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1271240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of inflammation is pivotal for uterine homeostasis. Here we evaluated the effect of the oestrus cycle on the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in a cellular model of induced fibrosis. Mare endometrial stromal cells isolated from follicular or mid-luteal phase were primed with 10 ng/mL of TGFβ alone or in combination with either IL1β, IL6, or TNFα (10 ng/mL each) or all together for 24 h. Control cells were not primed. Messenger and miRNA expression were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Cells in the follicular phase primed with pro-inflammatory cytokines showed higher expression of collagen-related genes (CTGF, COL1A1, COL3A1, and TIMP1) and mesenchymal marker (SLUG, VIM, CDH2, and CDH11) genes; p < 0.05. Cells primed during the mid-luteal overexpressed genes associated with extracellular matrix, processing, and prostaglandin E synthase (MMP2, MMP9, PGR, TIMP2, and PTGES; p < 0.05). There was a notable upregulation of pro-fibrotic miRNAs (miR17, miR21, and miR433) in the follicular phase when the cells were exposed to TGFβ + IL1β, TGFβ + IL6 or TGFβ + IL1β + IL6 + TNFα. Conversely, in cells from the mid-luteal phase, the treatments either did not or diminished the expression of the same miRNAs. On the contrary, the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (miR26a, miR29b, miR29c, miR145, miR378, and mir488) were not upregulated with treatments in the follicular phase. Rather, they were overexpressed in cells from the mid-luteal phase, with the highest regulation observed in TGFβ + IL1β + IL6 + TNFα treatment groups. These miRNAs were also analyzed in the extracellular vesicles secreted by the cells. A similar trend as seen with cellular miRNAs was noted, where anti-fibrotic miRNAs were downregulated in the follicular phase, while notably elevated pro-fibrotic miRNAs were observed in extracellular vesicles originating from the follicular phase. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may amplify the TGFβ signal in the follicular phase resulting in significant upregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes, an imbalance in the metalloproteinases, downregulation of estrogen receptors, and upregulation of pro-fibrotic factors. Conversely, in the luteal phase, there is a protective role mediated primarily through an increase in anti-fibrotic miRNAs, a decrease in SMAD2 phosphorylation, and reduced expression of fibrosis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat S. Wong
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ana C. Mançanares
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Felipe I. Navarrete
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pamela M. Poblete
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Lídice Méndez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Graça M. L. Ferreira-Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Dong G, Huang X, Xu Y, Chen R, Chen S. Mechanical stress induced EndoMT in endothelial cells through PPARγ downregulation. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110812. [PMID: 37468053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Portal hypertension is a group of clinical syndromes induced by increased portal system pressure due to various etiologies including cirrhosis. When portal hypertension develops, the portal vein dilates and endothelial cells (ECs) in the portal vein are subjected to mechanical stretch. In this study, elastic silicone chambers were used to simulate the effects of mechanical stretch on ECs under portal hypertension. We found that mechanical stretch decreased PPARγ expression in ECs by blocking the PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway or increasing NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PPARγ. Moreover, PPARγ downregulation triggered Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in ECs under stretch by promoting Smad3 phosphorylation. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone mitigated stretch-induced EndoMT in vitro and alleviated EndoMT of the portal vein endothelium in cirrhotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoquan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiyao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy, Shanghai, China; Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Cai M, Xiang Y, Li Z, Xie J, Wen F. Network pharmacology and molecular docking predictions of the active compounds and mechanism of action of Huangkui capsule for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35214. [PMID: 37713831 PMCID: PMC10508523 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangkui Capsule is a single herbal concoction prepared from the flower of Abelmoschus manihot, which is used to treat idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), a frequent pathologically damaging kidney condition. It has been widely utilized to treat a variety of renal disorders, including IMN, in clinical practice. However, the active compounds and mechanism of action underlying the anti-IMN effects of Huangkui Capsule remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to predict the potential active compounds and molecular targets of Huangkui Capsule for the treatment of IMN. METHODS The possible active components of Huangkui were located using the SymMap v2 database. The targets of these drugs were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction, while IMN-related genes with association scores under 5 were gathered from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The common targets of the disease and the components were determined using VENNY 2.1. Using Cytoscape 3.8.0, a drug-disease network diagram was created. Molecular docking was carried out with Pymol, AutoDock Tools, and AutoDock Vina. RESULTS With 1260 IMN-related illness genes gathered from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases, we were able to identify 5 potentially active chemicals and their 169 target proteins in Huangkui. Based on degree value, the top 6 targets for Huangkui treatment of IMN were chosen, including AKT, MAPK3, PPARG, MMP9, ESR1, and KDR. CONCLUSION This work theoretically explains the mechanism of action of Huangkui Capsule in treating IMN and offers a foundation for using Huangkui Capsule in treating IMN in clinical settings. The findings require additional experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cai
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjing Xiang
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengsheng Li
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fulong Wen
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Zeng Q, Zhou TT, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang L, Zhang XH, Sang XX, Luo YY, Tian YM, Wu B, Liu L, Luo ZQ, He B, Liu W, Tang SY. Asarinin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating PPARγ. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14706. [PMID: 37679587 PMCID: PMC10485066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease that lacks effective treatment modalities. Once patients are diagnosed with IPF, their median survival is approximately 3-5 years. PPARγ is an important target for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Asarinin is a lignan compound that can be extracted from food plant Asarum heterotropoides. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of asarinin in a pulmonary fibrosis model constructed using bleomycin in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. Intraperitoneal administration of asarinin to mice with pulmonary fibrosis showed that asarinin effectively attenuated pulmonary fibrosis, and this effect was significantly inhibited by the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Asarinin inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in vitro, while GW9662 and PPARγ gene silencing significantly inhibited this effect. In addition, asarinin inhibited not only the canonical Smad pathway of TGF-β but also the non-canonical AKT and MAPK pathways by activating PPARγ. Our study demonstrates that asarinin can be used as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis, and that PPARγ is its key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Sang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Yang Luo
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Mei Tian
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Shlykova O, Izmailova O, Kabaliei A, Palchyk V, Shynkevych V, Kaidashev I. PPARG stimulation restored lung mRNA expression of core clock, inflammation- and metabolism-related genes disrupted by reversed feeding in male mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15823. [PMID: 37704580 PMCID: PMC10499569 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm system regulates lung function as well as local and systemic inflammations. The alteration of this rhythm might be induced by a change in the eating rhythm. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a key molecule involved in circadian rhythm regulation, lung functions, and metabolic processes. We described the effect of the PPARG agonist pioglitazone (PZ) on the diurnal mRNA expression profile of core circadian clock genes (Arntl, Clock, Nr1d1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per2) and metabolism- and inflammation-related genes (Nfe2l2, Pparg, Rela, and Cxcl5) in the male murine lung disrupted by reversed feeding (RF). In mice, RF disrupted the diurnal expression pattern of core clock genes. It decreased Nfe2l2 and Pparg and increased Rela and Cxcl5 expression in lung tissue. There were elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, total cells, macrophages, and lymphocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with a significant increase in vascular congestion and cellular infiltrates in male mouse lung tissue. Administration of PZ regained the diurnal clock gene expression, increased Nfe2l2 and Pparg expression, and reduced Rela, Cxcl5 expression and IL-6, TNF-alpha, and cellularity in BAL. PZ administration at 7 p.m. was more efficient than at 7 a.m.
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Alexander A, Herz J, Calvier L. Reelin through the years: From brain development to inflammation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112669. [PMID: 37339050 PMCID: PMC10592530 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin was originally identified as a regulator of neuronal migration and synaptic function, but its non-neuronal functions have received far less attention. Reelin participates in organ development and physiological functions in various tissues, but it is also dysregulated in some diseases. In the cardiovascular system, Reelin is abundant in the blood, where it contributes to platelet adhesion and coagulation, as well as vascular adhesion and permeability of leukocytes. It is a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factor with important implications for autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Mechanistically, Reelin is a large secreted glycoprotein that binds to several membrane receptors, including ApoER2, VLDLR, integrins, and ephrins. Reelin signaling depends on the cell type but mostly involves phosphorylation of NF-κB, PI3K, AKT, or JAK/STAT. This review focuses on non-neuronal functions and the therapeutic potential of Reelin, while highlighting secretion, signaling, and functional similarities between cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alexander
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Zou X, Huang Z, Zhan Z, Yuan M, Zhang Y, Liu T, Hu X, Fan W, Chen P, Qin H, Zhang S, Xia Y, Zheng S, Pan Z, Huang P. The alcohol extracts of Sceptridium ternatum (Thunb.) Lyon exert anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect through targeting SETDB1/STAT3/p-STAT3 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116520. [PMID: 37120058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a pathological process of irreversible scarring of lung tissues, with limited treatment means. Sceptridium ternatum (Thunb.) Lyon (STE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has a traditional use in relieving cough and asthma, resolving phlegm, clearing heat, and detoxicating in China. However, its role in PF has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the protective role of STE in PF and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group, PF model group, positive drug (pirfenidone) group and STE group. After 28 days of STE administration in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF rats, living Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) was used to observe the structural changes of lung tissues. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe PF-associated pathological alteration, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, western blotting, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of PF-related marker proteins in the lung tissues. ELISA was used to detect PF-associated biochemical criteria in the lung tissue homogenates. The proteomics technology was used to screen the different proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and IHC staining were used to confirm the underlying targets of STE as well as its downstream signaling. UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS assay was used to explore the effective components in the alcohol extracts of STE. Autodock vina was used to detect the potential binding between the above effective components and SETDB1. RESULTS STE prevented PF by inhibiting the activation of lung fibroblasts and ECM deposition in BLM-induced PF rats. Mechanism analyses demonstrated that STE could inhibit the up-regulation of SETDB1 induced by BLM and TGF-β1, which further blocked the binding of SETDB1 and STAT3 as well as the phosphorylation of STAT3, ultimately preventing the activation and proliferation of lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSION STE played a preventive role in PF by targeting the SETBD1/STAT3/p-STAT3 pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic agent for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zibo Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Mengnan Yuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Weijiao Fan
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Su Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Shuilian Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Sui Z, Sui D, Li M, Yu Q, Li H, Jiang Y. Ginsenoside Rg3 has effects comparable to those of ginsenoside re on diabetic kidney disease prevention in db/db mice by regulating inflammation, fibrosis and PPARγ. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:84. [PMID: 36866725 PMCID: PMC10018274 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is an adjuvant antitumor drug, while ginsenoside Re (Re) is an adjuvant antidiabetic drug. Our previous studies demonstrated that Rg3 and Re both have hepatoprotective effects in db/db mice. The present study aimed to observe the renoprotective effects of Rg3 on db/db mice, with Re as the control. The db/db mice were randomly assigned to receive daily oral treatment with Rg3, Re or vehicle for 8 weeks. Body weight and blood glucose were examined weekly. Blood lipids, creatinine, and BUN were examined by biochemical assay. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were used for pathological examination. The expression of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers was examined by immunohistochemical and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Although neither had a significant effect on body weight, blood glucose or lipids, Rg3 and Re were both able to decrease the creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels of db/db mice to levels similar to those of wild type mice and inhibit pathological changes. The expression of PPARγ was upregulated and biomarkers of inflammation and fibrosis were downregulated by Rg3 and Re. The results showed that the potential of Rg3 as a preventive treatment of diabetic kidney disease was similar to that of Re.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sui
- Health Management Medical Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Pharmacological Experiment Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Health Management Medical Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yichuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Jian G, Chen T, Chen Y, Li J, Wang N. The Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula ameliorates renal dysfunction and fibrosis in rats with diabetic kidney disease <em>via</em> regulating PI3K/AKT, ERK and PPARγ signaling pathways. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67. [PMID: 36856315 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a growing public health problem worldwide. Losartan potassium (Los), an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has been used to treat DKD clinically. Recently, multi-herbal formula has been shown to exhibit therapeutic activities in DKD in China. Thus, we aimed to explore the protective effects of combination of Los and Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula (QBF) on DKD rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to establish a rat model of DKD. Next, the bloodurea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and uric acid (UA) levels were detected in serum samples from DKD rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining were performed to observe glomerular injury and glomerular fibrosis in DKD rats. In this study, we found that QBF or Los treatment could decrease serum BUN, CRE, UA levels and reduce urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in DKD rats. Additionally, QBF or Los treatment obviously inhibited glomerular mesangial expansion and glomerular fibrosis, attenuated glomerular injury in kidney tissues of DKD rats. Moreover, QBF or Los treatment significantly reduced PI3K, AKT and ERK1/2 protein expressions, but increased PPARγ level in kidney tissues of DKD rats. As expected, combined treatment of QBF and Los could exert enhanced reno-protective effects compared with the single treatment. Collectively, combination of QBF and Los could ameliorate renal injury and fibrosis in DKD rats via regulating PI3K/AKT, ERK and PPARγ signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of QBF to prevent DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Guihua Jian
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Teng Chen
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Yiping Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Junhui Li
- Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai.
| | - Niansong Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
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38
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11,12-EET Regulates PPAR-γ Expression to Modulate TGF-β-Mediated Macrophage Polarization. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050700. [PMID: 36899838 PMCID: PMC10000544 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells that can be reprogrammed to pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving phenotypes by different stimuli and cell microenvironments. This study set out to assess gene expression changes associated with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced polarization of classically activated macrophages into a pro-resolving phenotype. Genes upregulated by TGF-β included Pparg; which encodes the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and several PPAR-γ target genes. TGF-β also increased PPAR-γ protein expression via activation of the Alk5 receptor to increase PPAR-γ activity. Preventing PPAR-γ activation markedly impaired macrophage phagocytosis. TGF-β repolarized macrophages from animals lacking the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH); however, it responded differently and expressed lower levels of PPAR-γ-regulated genes. The sEH substrate 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), which was previously reported to activate PPAR-γ, was elevated in cells from sEH-/- mice. However, 11,12-EET prevented the TGF-β-induced increase in PPAR-γ levels and activity, at least partly by promoting proteasomal degradation of the transcription factor. This mechanism is likely to underlie the impact of 11,12-EET on macrophage activation and the resolution of inflammation.
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39
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Tavakoli-Far B, Iranshahi S, Ghaemi F, Akbarizadeh MR, Amin AH, Abedi Kiasari B, Mohammadzadeh Shabestari A. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127358. [PMID: 36875108 PMCID: PMC9981974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper respiratory tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the induction of a cascade of uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, cytokine storm is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis, directly related to the severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Considering the lack of any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key inflammatory factors to regulate the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients could be a fundamental step to developing effective therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, in addition to well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, there is growing evidence of a central role of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ in the control of inflammatory signals in various human inflammatory diseases. This makes them attractive targets for developing therapeutic approaches to control/suppress the hyperinflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by PPARs and their ligands during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (2) on the basis of the recent literature, highlight the importance of PPAR subtypes for the development of promising therapeutic approaches against the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Setare Iranshahi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali H. Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh Shabestari
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Khorasan Covid-19 Scientific Committee, Mashhad, Iran
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40
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Structural Biology Inspired Development of a Series of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Ligands: From Agonist to Antagonist. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043940. [PMID: 36835351 PMCID: PMC9960108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the structural and molecular pharmacological understanding of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (hPPARγ)-a transcription factor with pleiotropic effects on biological responses-has enabled the investigation of various graded hPPARγ ligands (full agonist, partial agonist, and antagonist). Such ligands are useful tools to investigate the functions of hPPARγ in detail and are also candidate drugs for the treatment of hPPARγ-mediated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and cancer. This review summarizes our medicinal chemistry research on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a covalent-binding and non-covalent-binding hPPARγ antagonist, both of which have been created based on our working hypothesis of the helix 12 (H12) holding induction/inhibition concept. X-ray crystallographic analyses of our representative antagonists complexed with an hPPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) indicated the unique binding modes of hPPARγ LBD, which are quite different from the binding modes observed for hPPARγ agonists and partial agonists.
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41
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Karhadkar TR, Chen W, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Inhibitors of the Sialidase NEU3 as Potential Therapeutics for Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:239. [PMID: 36613682 PMCID: PMC9820515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing diseases are a major medical problem, and are associated with more deaths per year than cancer in the US. Sialidases are enzymes that remove the sugar sialic acid from glycoconjugates. In this review, we describe efforts to inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting sialidases, and describe the following rationale for considering sialidases to be a potential target to inhibit fibrosis. First, sialidases are upregulated in fibrotic lesions in humans and in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Second, the extracellular sialidase NEU3 appears to be both necessary and sufficient for pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Third, there exist at least three mechanistic ways in which NEU3 potentiates fibrosis, with two of them being positive feedback loops where a profibrotic cytokine upregulates NEU3, and the upregulated NEU3 then upregulates the profibrotic cytokine. Fourth, a variety of NEU3 inhibitors block pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Finally, the high sialidase levels in a fibrotic lesion cause an easily observed desialylation of serum proteins, and in a mouse model, sialidase inhibitors that stop fibrosis reverse the serum protein desialylation. This then indicates that serum protein sialylation is a potential surrogate biomarker for the effect of sialidase inhibitors, which would facilitate clinical trials to test the exciting possibility that sialidase inhibitors could be used as therapeutics for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
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42
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The Potential Roles of Post-Translational Modifications of PPARγ in Treating Diabetes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121832. [PMID: 36551260 PMCID: PMC9775095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is mainly characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion deficiency, has been soaring in recent years. Accompanied by many other metabolic syndromes, such as cardiovascular diseases, T2DM represents a big challenge to public health and economic development. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that is critical in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, has been developed as a powerful drug target for T2DM, such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Despite thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of PPARγ agonists, having been proven to be potent insulin sensitizers, their use is restricted in the treatment of diabetes for their adverse effects. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have shed light on the selective activation of PPARγ, which shows great potential to circumvent TZDs' side effects while maintaining insulin sensitization. In this review, we will focus on the potential effects of PTMs of PPARγ on treating T2DM in terms of phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and S-nitrosylation. A better understanding of PTMs of PPARγ will help to design a new generation of safer compounds targeting PPARγ to treat type 2 diabetes.
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43
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Nehme R, Diab-Assaf M, Decombat C, Delort L, Caldefie-Chezet F. Targeting Adiponectin in Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2958. [PMID: 36428526 PMCID: PMC9687473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and breast cancer are two major health issues that could be categorized as sincere threats to human health. In the last few decades, the relationship between obesity and cancer has been well established and extensively investigated. There is strong evidence that overweight and obesity increase the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and adipokines are the central players in this relationship. Produced and secreted predominantly by white adipose tissue, adiponectin is a bioactive molecule that exhibits numerous protective effects and is considered the guardian angel of adipokine. In the obesity-cancer relationship, more and more evidence shows that adiponectin may prevent and protect individuals from developing breast cancer. Recently, several updates have been published on the implication of adiponectin in regulating tumor development, progression, and metastases. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the metabolic signaling linking adiponectin and breast cancer in all its stages. On the other hand, we critically summarize all the available promising candidates that may reactivate these pathways mainly by targeting adiponectin receptors. These molecules could be synthetic small molecules or plant-based proteins. Interestingly, the advances in genomics have made it possible to create peptide sequences that could specifically replace human adiponectin, activate its receptor, and mimic its function. Thus, the obvious anti-cancer activity of adiponectin on breast cancer should be better exploited, and adiponectin must be regarded as a serious biomarker that should be targeted in order to confront this threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Nehme
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Moléculaire et Pharmacologie Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Lebanon
| | - Caroline Decombat
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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44
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Yang J, Li C, Liu Y, Han Y, Zhao H, Luo S, Zhao C, Jiang N, Yang M, Sun L. Using network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of Danggui-Shaoyao-San in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832299. [PMID: 36059953 PMCID: PMC9437281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is one of traditional Chinese medicine, which recently was found to play a protective role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of DSS remain obscure. This study would explore the molecular mechanisms and bioactive ingredients of DSS in the treatment of DKD through network pharmacology. The potential target genes of DKD were obtained through OMIM database, the DigSee database and the DisGeNET database. DSS-related targets were acquired from the BATMAN-TCM database and the STITCH database. The common targets of DSS and DKD were selected for analysis in the STRING database, and the results were imported into Cytoscape to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were carried out to further explore the mechanisms of DSS in treating DKD. Molecular docking was conducted to identify the potential interactions between the compounds and the hub genes. Finally, 162 therapeutic targets of DKD and 550 target genes of DSS were obtained from our screening process. Among this, 28 common targets were considered potential therapeutic targets of DSS for treating DKD. Hub signaling pathways including HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the treatment of DKD using DSS. Furthermore, TNF and PPARG, and poricoic acid C and stigmasterol were identified as hub genes and main active components in this network, respectively. In this study, DSS appears to treat DKD by multi-targets and multi-pathways such as inflammatory, oxidative stress, autophagy and fibrosis, which provided a novel perspective for further research of DSS for the treatment of DKD.
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45
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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46
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Calvier L, Kökény G, Martinez-Martinez E. Editorial: New Advances in Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:976846. [PMID: 35911551 PMCID: PMC9331892 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.976846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Laurent Calvier
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernesto Martinez-Martinez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Attia SH, Elshazly SM, Abdelaal MM, Soliman E. Reno-protective effect of mangiferin against methotrexate-induced kidney damage in male rats: PPARγ-mediated antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1252-1261. [PMID: 36249937 PMCID: PMC9561181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant used for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. MTX has a major adverse effect, acute kidney injury, which limits its use. Mangiferin (MF) is a natural bioactive xanthonoid used as a traditional herbal supplement to boost the immune system due to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The present study evaluates the protective effect of MF against MTX-induced kidney damage. Male Wistar rats received MTX to induce nephrotoxicity or were pretreated with MF for 10 constitutive days before MTX administration. MF dose-dependently improved renal functions of MTX-treated rats and this activity was correlated with increased renal expression of PPARγ, a well-known transcriptional regulator of the immune response. Pretreating rats with PPARγ inhibitor, BADGE, reduced the reno-protective activity of MF. Furthermore, MF treatment significantly reduced MTX-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory (NFκB, interleukin-1ß, TNF-α, and COX-2), oxidative stress (Nrf-2, hemoxygenase-1, glutathione, and malondialdehyde), and nitrosative stress (nitric oxide and iNOS) markers in the kidney. Importantly, BADGE treatment significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of MF. Therefore, our data suggest that the reno-protective effect of MF against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity is due to inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seba Hassan Attia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eman Soliman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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48
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Structural and functional characterization of turbot pparγ: Activation during high temperature and regulation of lipid metabolism. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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PPARs as Key Mediators in the Regulation of Metabolism and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095025. [PMID: 35563416 PMCID: PMC9105541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) form a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that control the expression of a multitude of genes involved in diverse, vital biological processes[…]
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50
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Involvement of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR Axis in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Implications for COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312955. [PMID: 34884756 PMCID: PMC8657555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, fibrotic lung disease affecting 3 million people worldwide. The ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis is of interest in pulmonary fibrosis due to evidence of its anti-fibrotic action. Current scientific evidence supports that inhibition of ACE2 causes enhanced fibrosis. ACE2 is also the primary receptor that facilitates the entry of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is associated with a myriad of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading to respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, and often death. One of the potential complications in people who recover from COVID-19 is pulmonary fibrosis. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for fibrotic lung diseases, including the idiopathic form of this disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), which has a prevalence of 41% to 83%. Cigarette smoke increases the expression of pulmonary ACE2 and is thought to alter susceptibility to COVID-19. Cannabis is another popular combustible product that shares some similarities with cigarette smoke, however, cannabis contains cannabinoids that may reduce inflammation and/or ACE2 levels. The role of cannabis smoke in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains unknown. This review aimed to characterize the ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-MasR Axis in the context of pulmonary fibrosis with an emphasis on risk factors, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus and exposure to environmental toxicants. In the context of the pandemic, there is a dire need for an understanding of pulmonary fibrotic events. More research is needed to understand the interplay between ACE2, pulmonary fibrosis, and susceptibility to coronavirus infection.
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