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Qu J, Fu S, Yin L, Zhang Q, Wang X. Chemerin influences blood lipid of aged male mice under high fat diet and exercise states through regulating the distribution and browning of white adipose tissue. Cytokine 2024; 181:156689. [PMID: 38981157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With aging, white adipose tissue (WAT) undergoes distribution change and browning inhibition, which could be attenuated by exercise. Adipokine chemerin exerts roles in the above changes of WAT, and our previous studies demonstrated the effect of decreased chemerin on exercise-induced improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in high fat diet (HFD) feeding male mice, so this study is to clarify whether chemerin's effects on glucose and lipid metabolism are associated with the distribution and browning of WAT. METHODS After diet and exercise interventions, body weight and adipose tissue contents in different depots of male mice were weighed, body composition and energy metabolism parameters were determined by Echo MRI Body Composition Analyzer and metabolic cage, respectively. The levels of serum adiponectin and leptin were detected by ELISA, and the protein levels of PGC-1α, UCP1, adiponectin and leptin in WAT were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Chemerin knockout exacerbated HFD-induced weight gain, upregulated the increases of visceral and subcutaneous WAT (vWAT and sWAT, especial in sWAT), and inhibited WAT browning, but improved blood lipid. Exercise reduced the body weight and WAT distribution, increased sWAT browning and further improved blood lipid in aged HFD male mice, which were abrogated by chemerin knockout. Detrimental alterations of leptin, adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio were discovered in the serum and WAT of aged HFD chemerin(-/-) mice; and exercise-induced beneficial changes in these adipokines were blocked by chemerin knockout. CONCLUSION Chemerin influences blood lipid of aged male mice under HFD and exercise states through regulating the distribution and browning of WAT, which might be related to the changes of adiponectin, leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; School of Physical Education, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaoting Fu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Department of Kinesiology, College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Li L, Zhou Z, Fang J, Liu D, Deng C, Chen Y, Ahasan Z, Zhu W, Cai K. The characterization of metabolic changes in adipose tissues and muscles due to different exercise intensities by Dixon in healthy young men. Eur J Radiol 2024; 177:111559. [PMID: 38865759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the alterations in adipose and muscle tissue composition and functionality among healthy young men across varying exercise intensities, which help to elucidate the impact of exercise intensity on weight management and inform fitness planning. METHOD 3D Dixon MRI scans were performed on the neck and supraclavicular area in 10 high-intensity exercises (HIE) athletes, 20 moderate intensity exercises (MIE) athletes and 19 low-intensity exercises non-athlete male controls (NCM). Twelve imaging parameters, including the total volume of muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the mean fat-water fraction (FWF) within these tissues. Additionally, ratios of BAT or WAT to total fat (BATr or WATr) and the proportions of muscle, BAT, or WAT to total tissue volume (Musp, BATp, and WATp) were calculated. Parameters were compared across groups and correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waistline, and hipline. RESULTS The HIE group exhibited the highest total muscle (totalMUS) and brown adipose tissue (totalBAT) volumes among the three groups. Conversely, the NCM group had significantly higher fwfFAT and fwfBAT values. The MUSp was higher in the HIE and MIE groups compared to NCM, while the BATp and WATp were lower. Furthermore, the BATr in HIE and MIE groups were higher than NCM group while the WATr were lower. Significant linear relationships were observed between totalBAT, totalWAT, MUSp, BATr, fwfFAT, and BMI, waistline (P < 0.05) across all groups. CONCLUSIONS MIE is sufficient for the purpose of weight control, While HIE helps to further increase the muscle mass. All three physical indexes were significantly associated with the image parameters, with waistline emerging as the most effective indicator for detecting metabolic changes across all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Orthopedics Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenghu Deng
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zoheb Ahasan
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Cai
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Teixeira N, Jimenes D, Schultz C, Almeida D, Mathias P, Berti J. Moderate-intensity continuous training reduces triglyceridemia and improves oxygen consumption in dyslipidemic apoCIII transgenic mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13202. [PMID: 39082576 PMCID: PMC11290816 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate metabolism modulation and dyslipidemia in genetic dyslipidemic mice through physical exercise. Thirty-four male C57Bl/6 mice aged 15 months were divided into non-transgenic (NTG) and transgenic overexpressing apoCIII (CIII) groups. After treadmill adaptation, the trained groups (NTG Ex and CIII Ex) underwent an effort test to determine running performance and assess oxygen consumption (V̇O2), before and after the training protocol. The exercised groups went through an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program, consisting of 40 min of treadmill running at 60% of the peak velocity achieved in the test, three times per week. At the end of the training, animals were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for ex vivo analysis. ApoCIII overexpression led to hypertriglyceridemia (P<0.0001) and higher concentrations of total plasma cholesterol (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.01), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (P<0.0001) in the animals. Furthermore, the transgenic mice exhibited increased adipose mass (P<0.05) and higher V̇O2peak compared to their NTG controls (P<0.0001). Following the exercise protocol, MICT decreased triglyceridemia and cholesterol levels in dyslipidemic animals (P<0.05), and reduced adipocyte size (P<0.05), increased muscular glycogen (P<0.001), and improved V̇O2 in all trained animals (P<0.0001). These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of moderate and continuous exercise training, a feasible non-pharmacological intervention, on the metabolic profile of genetically dyslipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.R. Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - D.R. Jimenes
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - C. Schultz
- Departamento de Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - D.L. Almeida
- Laboratório Experimental em DOHaD, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - P.C.F. Mathias
- Laboratório Experimental em DOHaD, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - J.A. Berti
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Annunziata G, Paoli A, Manzi V, Camajani E, Laterza F, Verde L, Capó X, Padua E, Bianco A, Carraro A, Di Baldassarre A, Guidetti L, Marcora SM, Orrù S, Tessitore A, Di Mitri R, Auletta L, Piantadosi A, Bellisi M, Palmeri E, Savastano S, Colao A, Caprio M, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L. The Role of Physical Exercise as a Therapeutic Tool to Improve Lipedema: A Consensus Statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF). Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00579-8. [PMID: 38958868 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This consensus statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF) provides the official view on the role of exercise as a non-pharmacological approach in lipedema. In detail, this consensus statement SISMeS - SIF aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lipedema, focusing, in particular, on the role played by physical exercise (PE) in the management of its clinical features. RECENT FINDINGS Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal fat accumulation. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity, despite presenting distinct pathological mechanisms. Indeed, recent evidence has reported differences in adipose tissue histology, metabolomic profiles, and gene polymorphisms associated with this condition, adding new pieces to the complex puzzle of lipedema pathophysiology. Although by definition lipedema is a condition resistant to diet and PE, the latter emerges for its key role in the management of lipedema, contributing to multiple benefits, including improvements in mitochondrial function, lymphatic drainage, and reduction of inflammation. Various types of exercise, such as aquatic exercises and strength training, have been shown to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with lipedema. However, standardized guidelines for PE prescription and long-term management of patients with lipedema are lacking, highlighting the need for recommendations and further research in this area in order to optimise therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- Facoltà di Scienze Umane, Della Formazione e dello Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Manzi
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Laterza
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Xavier Capó
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma, Spain
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department Unicusano, University "Niccolò Cusano", 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Samuele Maria Marcora
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Quality of Life Sciences, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Mitri
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, San Rossore Clinic Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucia Auletta
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Piantadosi
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- Serapide Physiotherapy Center - Pozzuoli, (Naples), Italy
| | - Mario Bellisi
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Edmondo Palmeri
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Chen J, Pan Y, Lu Y, Fang X, Ma T, Chen X, Wang Y, Fang X, Zhang C, Song C. The Function and Mechanism of Long Noncoding RNAs in Adipogenic Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:875. [PMID: 39062654 PMCID: PMC11275360 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are crucial for maintaining energy balance. Adipocyte differentiation involves distinct stages, including the orientation stage, clone amplification stage, clone amplification termination stage, and terminal differentiation stage. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing adipogenic differentiation is essential for comprehending the physiological processes and identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases, ultimately improving glucose and fat metabolism. Adipogenic differentiation is influenced not only by key factors such as hormones, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, and the CCATT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family but also by noncoding RNA, including microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Among these, lncRNA has been identified as a significant regulator in adipogenic differentiation. Research has demonstrated various ways in which lncRNAs contribute to the molecular mechanisms of adipogenic differentiation. Throughout the adipogenesis process, lncRNAs modulate adipocyte differentiation and development by influencing relevant signaling pathways and transcription factors. This review provides a brief overview of the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (J.C.); (Y.P.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (T.M.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
| | - Chengchuang Song
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (J.C.); (Y.P.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (T.M.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Pan Y, Li M, Niu Y, Zhang T, Sun H, Zhou S, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu C, Ma Y, Guo Y, Wang L. Fatty infiltration in the musculoskeletal system: pathological mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1406046. [PMID: 39006365 PMCID: PMC11241459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty infiltration denotes the anomalous accrual of adipocytes in non-adipose tissue, thereby generating toxic substances with the capacity to impede the ordinary physiological functions of various organs. With aging, the musculoskeletal system undergoes pronounced degenerative alterations, prompting heightened scrutiny regarding the contributory role of fatty infiltration in its pathophysiology. Several studies have demonstrated that fatty infiltration affects the normal metabolism of the musculoskeletal system, leading to substantial tissue damage. Nevertheless, a definitive and universally accepted generalization concerning the comprehensive effects of fatty infiltration on the musculoskeletal system remains elusive. As a result, this review summarizes the characteristics of different types of adipose tissue, the pathological mechanisms associated with fatty infiltration in bone, muscle, and the entirety of the musculoskeletal system, examines relevant clinical diseases, and explores potential therapeutic modalities. This review is intended to give researchers a better understanding of fatty infiltration and to contribute new ideas to the prevention and treatment of clinical musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalan Pan
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Nursing Intervention Laboratory of Chronic Disease Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Huishan Hospital of Xinglin College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmin Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengjie Wu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng TCM Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Chinese Medicine Centre (International Collaboration between Western Sydney University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Yao Z, Liang S, Chen J, Dai Y, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. A Combination of Exercise and Yogurt Intake Protects Mice against Obesity by Synergistic Promotion of Adipose Browning. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38857171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Exercise exerts many beneficial effects on obesity, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a previously unidentified role of the lactate receptor GPR81 in exercise. We observed that GPR81 was significantly up-regulated in white adipose tissues (WAT) upon exercise training in both lean and obese mice. Exercise could induce thermogenesis and beige adipocyte development, whereas such an effect was markedly impaired by the deficiency of GPR81. Furthermore, the activation of GPR81 by exercise and lactate supplementation (250 or 500 mg/kg) yielded a synergistic enhancement of WAT browning and thermogenesis. Yogurt is a dairy product enriched with lactate. A combination of exercise and yogurt intake (20 g/kg) synergistically protected mice against high-fat-diet-induced obesity, as evidenced by decreased body weight, ameliorative dyslipidemia, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, lactate-GPR81 axis might aid in the norepinephrine-stimulated beige adipocyte biogenesis cascade via the Ca2+/CaMK pathway. Together, these findings reveal the critical role of lactate-GPR81 signaling in exercise-induced WAT browning and provide a new strategy for personalized diet and lifestyle interventions for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Luo HY, Mu WJ, Chen M, Zhu JY, Li Y, Li S, Yan LJ, Li RY, Yin MT, Li X, Chen HM, Guo L. Hepatic Klf10-Fh1 axis promotes exercise-mediated amelioration of NASH in mice. Metabolism 2024; 155:155916. [PMID: 38615945 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is an effective non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanism needs further investigation. Kruppel-like factor 10 (Klf10) is a transcriptional factor that is expressed in multiple tissues including liver, whose role in NASH is not well defined. In our study, exercise induces hepatic Klf10 expression through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of Klf10 (Klf10LKO) increases lipid accumulation, cell death, inflammation and fibrosis in NASH diet-fed mice and reduces the protective effects of treadmill exercise against NASH, while hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Klf10 (Klf10LTG) works in concert with exercise to reduce NASH in mice. Mechanistically, Klf10 promotes the expression of fumarate hydratase 1 (Fh1), thereby reducing fumarate accumulation in hepatocytes. This decreases the trimethyl (me3) levels of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) on lipogenic genes promoters to attenuate lipogenesis, thus ameliorating free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced hepatocytes steatosis, apoptosis, insulin resistance and blunting dysfunctional hepatocytes-mediated activation of macrophages and hepatic stellate cells. Therefore, by regulating the Fh1/fumarate/H3K4me3 pathway, Klf10 acts as a downstream effector of exercise to combat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Luo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wang-Jing Mu
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie-Ying Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin-Jing Yan
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruo-Ying Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Meng-Ting Yin
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hu-Min Chen
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Shao H, Zhang H, Jia D. The Role of Exerkines in Obesity-Induced Disruption of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Thermogenic Fat. Metabolites 2024; 14:287. [PMID: 38786764 PMCID: PMC11122964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a notable correlation between mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic disruption. In this review, we report that obesity-induced disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis adversely affects lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, oxidative capacity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and thermogenesis in thermogenic fat. Elevating mitochondrial homeostasis in thermogenic fat emerges as a promising avenue for developing treatments for metabolic diseases, including enhanced mitochondrial function, mitophagy, mitochondrial uncoupling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. The exerkines (e.g., myokines, adipokines, batokines) released during exercise have the potential to ameliorate mitochondrial homeostasis, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and stimulate fat browning and thermogenesis as a defense against obesity-associated metabolic diseases. This comprehensive review focuses on the manifold benefits of exercise-induced exerkines, particularly emphasizing their influence on mitochondrial homeostasis and fat thermogenesis in the context of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
- Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
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10
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Chen X, Li Y, Zhang J, Huang W, Su J, Zhang J. Lactate coordinated with exercise promoted the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:303-315. [PMID: 38175499 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-01004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lactate, an important exercise metabolite, induces white adipose tissue browning by upregulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. However, the function of lactate during browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) caused by exercise is unclear. Here, we considered lactate as an exercise supplement and investigated the effects of chronic pre-exercise lactate administration on energy metabolism and adipose tissue browning. C57B/L6 male mice (5 weeks of age) were divided into six groups. We evaluated the changes in blood lactate levels in each group of mice after the intervention. Energy expenditure was measured after the intervention immediately by indirect calorimetry. The marker protein levels and gene expressions were determined by western-blot and quantitative real-time PCR. HIIT significantly decreased adipose tissue weight while increased energy expenditure and the expression of UCP1 in iWAT; however, these regulations were inhibited in the DCA+HIIT group. Compared with the MICT and LAC groups, long-term lactate injection before MICT led to lower WAT weight to body weight ratios and higher energy expenditure in mice. Furthermore, the marker genes of browning in iWAT, such as Ucp1 and Pparγ, were significantly increased in the LAC+MICT group than in the other groups, and the expression of monocarboxylate transporter-1 (Mct1) mRNA was also significantly increased. Lactate was involved in exercise-mediated browning of iWAT, and its mechanism might be the increased of lactate transport through MCT1 or PPARγ upregulation induced by exercise. These findings suggest exogenous lactate may be a new exercise supplement to regulate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- School of Physical education (Main campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Su
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Zeng B, Shen Q, Wang B, Tang X, Jiang J, Zheng Y, Huang H, Zhuo W, Wang W, Gao Y, Li X, Wang S, Li W, Qian G, Qin J, Hou M, Lv H. Spexin ameliorated obesity-related metabolic disorders through promoting white adipose browning mediated by JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38658956 PMCID: PMC11040786 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spexin, a 14 amino acid peptide, has been reported to regulate obesity and its associated complications. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of spexin on obesity and explore the detailed molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and mice fed a standard fat diet were used as controls. Then, these mice were treated with SPX or Vehicle by intraperitoneal injection for an additional 12 weeks, respectively. The metabolic profile, fat-browning specific markers and mitochondrial contents were detected. In vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, SPX significantly decreased body weight, serum lipid levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, SPX was found to promote oxygen consumption in HFD mice, and it increased mitochondrial content as well as the expression of brown-specific markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) of HFD mice. These results were consistent with the increase in mitochondrial content and the expression of brown-specific markers in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Of note, the spexin-mediated beneficial pro-browning actions were abolished by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway antagonists in mature 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that spexin ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders by improving WAT browning via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, SPX may serve as a new therapeutic candidate for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihe Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 223002, Huai'an, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China.
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China.
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12
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Peng Y, Zhao L, Li M, Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhang J. Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: Interconversion among White, Brown, and Beige Fat and Its Role in Energy Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:483. [PMID: 38672499 PMCID: PMC11048349 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, has emerged as a major public health concern worldwide. To develop effective strategies for treating obesity, it is essential to comprehend the biological properties of different adipose tissue types and their respective roles in maintaining energy balance. Adipose tissue serves as a crucial organ for energy storage and metabolism in the human body, with functions extending beyond simple fat storage to encompass the regulation of energy homeostasis and the secretion of endocrine factors. This review provides an overview of the key characteristics, functional differences, and interconversion processes among white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue. Moreover, it delves into the molecular mechanisms and recent research advancements concerning the browning of WAT, activation of BAT, and whitening of BAT. Although targeting adipose tissue metabolism holds promise as a potential approach for obesity treatment, further investigations are necessary to unravel the intricate biological features of various adipose tissue types and elucidate the molecular pathways governing their interconversion. Such research endeavors will pave the way for the development of more efficient and targeted therapeutic interventions in the fight against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China; (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
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13
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Guo G, Wang W, Tu M, Zhao B, Han J, Li J, Pan Y, Zhou J, Ma W, Liu Y, Sun T, Han X, An Y. Deciphering adipose development: Function, differentiation and regulation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38516819 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The overdevelopment of adipose tissues, accompanied by excess lipid accumulation and energy storage, leads to adipose deposition and obesity. With the increasing incidence of obesity in recent years, obesity is becoming a major risk factor for human health, causing various relevant diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and cancers). Therefore, it is of significance to antagonize obesity to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases. Excess lipid accumulation in adipose tissues is mediated by adipocyte hypertrophy (expansion of pre-existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (increase of newly-formed adipocytes). It is necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of adipose tissues by controlling adipose development. Adipogenesis is exquisitely regulated by many factors in vivo and in vitro, including hormones, cytokines, gender and dietary components. The present review has concluded a comprehensive understanding of adipose development including its origin, classification, distribution, function, differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis, which may provide potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing obesity without impairing adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Xiang L, Liu M, Xiang G, Yue L, Zhang J, Xu X, Dong J. Dapagliflozin promotes white adipose tissue browning though regulating angiogenesis in high fat induced obese mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:26. [PMID: 38504370 PMCID: PMC10949628 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is become an appealing target for therapeutics in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Dapagliflozin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it is also found that the drug exhibits regulate systemic metabolism such as obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. However, the precise role of dapagliflozin on WAT remodeling remains to be elucidated. The current study aimed to explore the role of dapagliflozin on WAT browning in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6 per group) were used to establish obesity model by following feeding with HFD for 6 weeks. The mice were randomly treated with or without dapagliflozin for the experimental observation. The volume and fat fraction of WAT were quantified, H&E, UCP-1 staining and immunohistochemistry were conducted to investigate the white-to-brown fat conversion and angiogenesis in WAT respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to explore the mRNA expression levels of genes related to fat browning and angiogenesis in WAT. Subsequently, 3T3-L1 cells were used to explore the effect of dapagliflozin on preadipocytes differentiation in vitro. Our results demonstrated that dapagliflozin could reduce body weight gain and promote WAT browning in HFD induced obese mice via regulating lipogenesis and angiogenesis in WAT. Furthermore, dapagliflozin reduce cells differentiation, up-regulate the expression of WAT browning and angiogenesis genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. In conclusion, dapagliflozin can potentially promote WAT browning in HFD induced obese mice via improving lipogenesis and angiogenesis in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Guangda Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
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15
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Esbjörnsson M, Norman B, Persson M, Saini A, Bülow J, Jansson E. Enhanced interleukin-6 in human adipose tissue vein after sprint exercise: Results from a pilot study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:171-178. [PMID: 37899535 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-volume sprint exercise is likely to reduce body fat. Interleukin (IL-6) may mediate this by increasing adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. Therefore, the exchange of AT IL-6 and glycerol, a marker of lipolysis, was examined in 10 healthy subjects performing three 30-s all-out sprints. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from brachial artery (a) and a superficial subcutaneous vein (v) on the anterior abdominal wall up to 9 min after the last sprint and analysed for IL-6 and glycerol. RESULTS Arterial IL-6 increased 2-fold from rest to last sprint. AT venous IL-6 increased 15-fold from 0.4 ± 0.4 at rest to 7.0 ± 4 pg × mL-1 (p < 0.0001) and AT v-a difference increased 45-fold from 0.12 ± 0.3 to 6.0 ± 5 pg x mL-1 (p < 0.0001) 9 min after last sprint. Arterial glycerol increased 2.5-fold from rest to 9 min postsprint 1 (p < 0.0001) and was maintained during the exercise period. AT venous and v-a difference of glycerol increased 2-fold from rest to 9 min postsprint 1 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively), decreased until 18 min postsprint 2 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001), and then increased again until 9 min after last sprint (both p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The concurrent increase in venous IL-6 and glycerol in AT after last sprint is consistent with an IL-6 induced lipolysis in AT. Glycerol data also indicated an initial increase in lipolysis after sprint 1 that was unrelated to IL-6. Increased IL-6 in adipose tissue may, therefore, complement other sprint exercise-induced lipolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Esbjörnsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Norman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Moa Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Amarjit Saini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jens Bülow
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Jansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Chen M, Zhu J, Luo H, Mu W, Guo L. The journey towards physiology and pathology: Tracing the path of neuregulin 4. Genes Dis 2024; 11:687-700. [PMID: 37692526 PMCID: PMC10491916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), an epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member, can bind to and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Nrg4 has five different isoforms by alternative splicing and performs a wide variety of functions. Nrg4 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including neurobiogenesis, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, and angiogenesis. In pathological processes, Nrg4 inhibits inflammatory factor levels and suppresses apoptosis in inflammatory diseases. In addition, Nrg4 could ameliorate obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, Nrg4 improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by promoting autophagy, improving lipid metabolism, and inhibiting cell death of hepatocytes. Besides, Nrg4 is closely related to the development of cancer, hyperthyroidism, and some other diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the functional role and mechanisms of Nrg4 will provide a clearer view of the therapeutic potential and possible risks of Nrg4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jieying Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyang Luo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wangjing Mu
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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17
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Li S, Guo L. The role of Sirtuin 2 in liver - An extensive and complex biological process. Life Sci 2024; 339:122431. [PMID: 38242495 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease has become one of the main causes of health issue worldwide. Sirtuin (Sirt) 2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, and is expressed in multiple organs including liver, which plays important and complex roles by interacting with various substrates. Physiologically, Sirt2 can improve metabolic homeostasis. Pathologically, Sirt2 can alleviate inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, promote liver regeneration, maintain iron homeostasis, aggravate fibrogenesis and regulate oxidative stress in liver. In liver diseases, Sirt2 can mitigate fatty liver disease (FLD) including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), but aggravate hepatitis B (HBV) and liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI). The role of Sirt2 in liver cancer and aging-related liver diseases, however, has not been fully elucidated. In this review, these biological processes regulated by Sirt2 in liver are summarized, which aims to update the function of Sirt2 in liver and to explore the potential role of Sirt2 as a therapeutic target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China.
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18
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Lu B, Guo S, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhou B. Adipose knockout of H-ferritin improves energy metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101871. [PMID: 38184276 PMCID: PMC10803945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferritin, the principal iron storage protein, is essential to iron homeostasis. How iron homeostasis affects the adipose tissue is not well understood. We investigated the role of ferritin heavy chain in adipocytes in energy metabolism. METHODS We generated adipocyte-specific ferritin heavy chain (Fth, also known as Fth1) knockout mice, herein referred to as FthAKO. These mice were analyzed for iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and activity, adaptive thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic measurements. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts and primary mouse adipocytes were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS In FthAKO mice, the adipose iron homeostasis was disrupted, accompanied by elevated expression of adipokines, dramatically induced heme oxygenase 1(Hmox1) expression, and a notable decrease in the mitochondrial ROS level. Cytosolic ROS elevation in the adipose tissue of FthAKO mice was very mild, and we only observed this in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) but not in the white adipose tissue (WAT). FthAKO mice presented an altered metabolic profile and showed increased insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and improved adaptive thermogenesis. Interestingly, loss of ferritin resulted in enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity and a preference for lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ferritin in adipocytes is indispensable to intracellular iron homeostasis and regulates systemic lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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19
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Jalloul W, Moscalu M, Moscalu R, Jalloul D, Grierosu IC, Gutu M, Haba D, Mocanu V, Gutu MM, Stefanescu C. Are MTV and TLG Accurate for Quantifying the Intensity of Brown Adipose Tissue Activation? Biomedicines 2024; 12:151. [PMID: 38255256 PMCID: PMC10813038 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that one novel mechanism of action for anti-obesity medications is to stimulate the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). 18FDG PET/CT remains the gold standard for defining and quantifying BAT. SUVmax is the most often used quantification tool in clinical practice. However, this parameter does not reflect the entire BAT volume. As a potential method for precisely evaluating BAT, we have utilised metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) to answer the question: Are MTV and TLG accurate in quantifying the intensity of BAT activation? After analysing the total number of oncological 18F-FDG PET/CT scans between 2021-2023, we selected patients with active BAT. Based on the BAT SUVmax, the patients were divided into BAT-moderate activation (MA) vs. BAT-high activation (HA). Furthermore, we statistically analysed the accuracy of TLG and MTV in assessing BAT activation intensity. The results showed that both parameters increased their predictive value regarding BAT activation, and presented a significantly high sensitivity and specificity for the correct classification of BAT activation intensity. To conclude, these parameters could be important indicators with increased accuracy for classifying BAT expression, and could bring additional information about the volume of BAT to complement the limitations of the SUVmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Jalloul
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Moscalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Despina Jalloul
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Irena Cristina Grierosu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Mihaela Gutu
- County Hospital of Emergency “Saint John the New”, 720224 Suceava, Romania; (M.G.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Danisia Haba
- Department 1 Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (Pathophysiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihai Marius Gutu
- County Hospital of Emergency “Saint John the New”, 720224 Suceava, Romania; (M.G.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.S.)
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20
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Pontes LPP, Alves Nakakura FC, Neto NIP, Boldarine VT, Maza PK, Santos PF, Avila F, Silva-Neto AF, Antunes HKM, Dâmaso AR, Oyama LM. Resistance and Aerobic Training Were Effective in Activating Different Markers of the Browning Process in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:275. [PMID: 38203446 PMCID: PMC10778972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes regarding diet composition and exercise training have been widely used as a non-pharmacological clinical strategy in the treatment of obesity, a complex and difficult-to-control disease. Taking the potential of exercise in the browning process and in increasing thermogenesis into account, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of resistance, aerobic, and combination training on markers of browning of white adipose tissue from rats with obesity who were switched to a balanced diet with normal calorie intake. Different types of training groups promote a reduction in the adipose tissue and delta mass compared to the sedentary high-fat diet group (HS). Interestingly, irisin in adipose tissues was higher in the resistance exercise (RE) and aerobic exercise (AE) groups compared to control groups. Moreover, in adipose tissue, the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), coactivator 1 α (PGC1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were higher in response to resistance training RE compared with the control groups, respectively. Additionally, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) showed higher levels in response to group AE compared to the HS group. In conclusion, the browning process in white adipose tissue responds differently toward different training exercise protocols, with resistance and aerobic training efficient in activating different biomarkers of the browning process, upregulating irisin, FGF21, PGC1α, PPARγ, and UCP1 in WAT, which together may suggest an improvement in the thermogenic process in the adipose tissue. Considering the experimental conditions of the present investigation, we suggest future research to pave new avenues to be applied in clinical practices to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Passinho Paz Pontes
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Fernanda Cristina Alves Nakakura
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Nelson Inácio Pinto Neto
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Valter Tadeu Boldarine
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Paloma Korehisa Maza
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Paloma Freire Santos
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Felipe Avila
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Artur Francisco Silva-Neto
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil;
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04023060, Brazil; (L.P.P.P.); (F.C.A.N.); (N.I.P.N.); (V.T.B.); (P.K.M.); (P.F.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.S.-N.); (A.R.D.)
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21
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Chen M, Zhu JY, Mu WJ, Luo HY, Li Y, Li S, Yan LJ, Li RY, Guo L. Cdo1-Camkk2-AMPK axis confers the protective effects of exercise against NAFLD in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8391. [PMID: 38110408 PMCID: PMC10728194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective non-pharmacological strategy for ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying mechanism needs further investigation. Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (Cdo1) is a key enzyme for cysteine catabolism that is enriched in liver, whose role in NAFLD remains poorly understood. Here, we show that exercise induces the expression of hepatic Cdo1 via the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of Cdo1 (Cdo1LKO) decreases basal metabolic rate of the mice and impairs the effect of exercise against NAFLD, whereas hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Cdo1 (Cdo1LTG) increases basal metabolic rate of the mice and synergizes with exercise to ameliorate NAFLD. Mechanistically, Cdo1 tethers Camkk2 to AMPK by interacting with both of them, thereby activating AMPK signaling. This promotes fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in hepatocytes to attenuate hepatosteatosis. Therefore, by promoting hepatic Camkk2-AMPK signaling pathway, Cdo1 acts as an important downstream effector of exercise to combat against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jie-Ying Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wang-Jing Mu
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hong-Yang Luo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin-Jing Yan
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ruo-Ying Li
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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22
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Zhang W, Liu S, Kong L, Wu S, Zhong Z, Yu L, Yang Q, Zhang J, Li J, Zheng G. Lipopolysaccharide-induced persistent inflammation ameliorates fat accumulation by promoting adipose browning in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126511. [PMID: 37625745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to explore whether the persistent inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ameliorates fat accumulation by promoting adipose browning in vitro and in vivo. LPS over 1 ng/mL reduced lipid accumulation while increasing the expressions of specific genes involved in inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adipose browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, LPS in intraperitoneal injection decreased white adipose tissue weight and elevated interscapular brown adipose tissue weight in mice. According to RT-PCR and western blot analysis results, the expressions of genes and proteins related to inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipolysis, and brown or beige markers in different tissues were elevated after LPS intervention. Cumulatively, LPS-induced persistent inflammation may potentially ameliorate fat accumulation by facilitating adipose browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice. These results offer new perspectives into the effect of persistent inflammation induced by LPS on regulating fat metabolism, thereby reducing fat accumulation by boosting adipose browning procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Li Kong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shaofu Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Longhui Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qinru Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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23
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Dong H, Qin M, Wang P, Li S, Wang X. Regulatory effects and mechanisms of exercise on activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Adipocyte 2023; 12:2266147. [PMID: 37795948 PMCID: PMC10563630 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2266147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a universally acknowledged and healthy way to reducing body weight. However, the roles and mechanisms of exercise on metabolism of adipose tissue remain largely unclear. Adipose tissues include white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue (BeAT). The main function of WAT is to store energy, while the BAT and BeAT can generate heat and consume energy. Therefore, promotion of BAT activation and WAT browning contributes to body weight loss. To date, many studies have suggested that exercise exerts the potential regulatory effects on BAT activation and WAT browning. In the present review, we compile the evidence for the regulatory effects of exercise on BAT activation and WAT browning and summarize the possible mechanisms whereby exercise modulates BAT activation and WAT browning, including activating sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and promoting the secretion of exerkines, with special focus on exerkines. These data might provide reference for prevention or treatment of obesity and the related metabolic disease through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Dong
- Department of Physical Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Qin
- School of Sports and Health, Shanghai Lixin Accounting and Finance University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufan Li
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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24
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Ortiz GU, de Freitas EC. Physical activity and batokines. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E610-E620. [PMID: 37819193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissue share similar functionality, being both tissues specialized in producing heat through nonshivering thermogenesis and also playing endocrine roles through the release of their secretion factors called batokines. This review elucidates the influence of physical exercise, and myokines released in response, on the regulation of thermogenic and secretory functions of these adipose tissues and discusses the similarity of batokines actions with physical exercise in the remodeling of adipose tissue. This adipose tissue remodeling promoted by autocrine and paracrine batokines or physical exercise seems to optimize its functionality associated with better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ueta Ortiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-FMRP USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-FMRP USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Kloock S, Ziegler CG, Dischinger U. Obesity and its comorbidities, current treatment options and future perspectives: Challenging bariatric surgery? Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108549. [PMID: 37879540 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure and non-alcoholic liver disease are a major health and economic burden with steadily increasing numbers worldwide. The need for effective pharmacological treatment options is strong, but, until recently, only few drugs have proven sufficient efficacy and safety. This article provides a comprehensive overview of obesity and its comorbidities, with a special focus on organ-specific pathomechanisms. Bariatric surgery as the so far most-effective therapeutic strategy, current pharmacological treatment options and future treatment strategies will be discussed. An increasing knowledge about the gut-brain axis and especially the identification and physiology of incretins unfolds a high number of potential drug candidates with impressive weight-reducing potential. Future multi-modal therapeutic concepts in obesity treatment may surpass the effectivity of bariatric surgery not only with regard to weight loss, but also to associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kloock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Ziegler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.
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Tang Y, Wang YD, Wang YY, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites: novel modulators of adipocyte thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1265175. [PMID: 37867516 PMCID: PMC10588486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity occurs when overall energy intake surpasses energy expenditure. White adipose tissue is an energy storage site, whereas brown and beige adipose tissues catabolize stored energy to generate heat, which protects against obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Metabolites are substrates in metabolic reactions that act as signaling molecules, mediating communication between metabolic sites (i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota). Although the effects of metabolites from peripheral organs on adipose tissue have been extensively studied, their role in regulating adipocyte thermogenesis requires further investigation. Skeletal muscles and intestinal microorganisms are important metabolic sites in the body, and their metabolites play an important role in obesity. In this review, we consolidated the latest research on skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites that potentially promote adipocyte thermogenesis. Skeletal muscles can release lactate, kynurenic acid, inosine, and β-aminoisobutyric acid, whereas the gut secretes bile acids, butyrate, succinate, cinnabarinic acid, urolithin A, and asparagine. These metabolites function as signaling molecules by interacting with membrane receptors or controlling intracellular enzyme activity. The mechanisms underlying the reciprocal exchange of metabolites between the adipose tissue and other metabolic organs will be a focal point in future studies on obesity. Furthermore, understanding how metabolites regulate adipocyte thermogenesis will provide a basis for establishing new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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González-Torres S, Anaya-Esparza LM, Trigueros del Valle GF, Rivera-León EA, Villagrán Z, Sánchez-Enríquez S. Skinfold Thickness as a Cardiometabolic Risk Predictor in Sedentary and Active Adult Populations. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1326. [PMID: 37763094 PMCID: PMC10532477 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies report that increased body fat can lead to health risks for individuals. However, some methods used for analyzing adiposity did not identify its distribution in the human body because they are typically measured using bioimpedance scales. This study aims to associate the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in sedentary and active adult populations through anthropometric methods based on skinfold thickness measurements. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 946 adults aged between 18 and 79 years with prior informed consent. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters, as well as some cardiometabolic risk factors, were evaluated. Almost half of the population (45.1%; n = 427) is sedentary. A significant association was found between the sum of the skinfolds (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, and suprailiac) and the cardiometabolic risk factors evaluated, highlighting the cardiovascular risk associated with abdominal obesity, risk of insulin resistance, as well as the development of hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. The bicipital fold was thicker (19.67 mm) in the population with a sedentary lifestyle than in the physically active population (18.30 mm). Furthermore, the skinfolds that predict higher metabolic risks were suprailiac and subscapular in sedentary and active populations. Thus, these skinfold measurements could be considered in assessing the adult population for early cardiometabolic risk detection, even in healthy and physically active people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sughey González-Torres
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
- Division de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Fermín Trigueros del Valle
- Hospital Regional N°180, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Carretera San Sebastian-Santa Fe 1000, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45653, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Alfonso Rivera-León
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Zuamí Villagrán
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Enríquez
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
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28
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Yan L, Guo L. Exercise-regulated white adipocyte differentitation: An insight into its role and mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1670-1692. [PMID: 37334782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes play a key role in the regulation of fat mass amount and energy balance. An appropriate level of white adipocyte differentiation is important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Exercise, an important way to improve metabolic health, can regulate white adipocyte differentiation. In this review, the effect of exercise on the differentiation of white adipocytes is summarized. Exercise could regulate adipocyte differentiation in multiple ways, such as exerkines, metabolites, microRNAs, and so on. The potential mechanism underlying the role of exercise in adipocyte differentiation is also reviewed and discussed. In-depth investigation of the role and mechanism of exercise in white adipocyte differentiation would provide new insights into exercise-mediated improvement of metabolism and facilitate the application of exercise-based strategy against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Yan
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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29
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Katsi V, Papakonstantinou I, Tsioufis K. Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cancer: Common Epidemiology, Shared Mechanisms, and Future Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11786. [PMID: 37511551 PMCID: PMC10381022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of cardiovascular disease in cancer onset and development represents a contemporary interest in basic science. It has been recognized, from the most recent research, that metabolic syndrome-related conditions, ranging from atherosclerosis to diabetes, elicit many pathways regulating lipid metabolism and lipid signaling that are also linked to the same framework of multiple potential mechanisms for inducing cancer. Otherwise, dyslipidemia and endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis may present common or even interdependent changes, similar to oncogenic molecules elevated in many forms of cancer. However, whether endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease provides signals that promote the pre-clinical onset and proliferation of malignant cells is an issue that requires further understanding, even though more questions are presented with every answer. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms that point to a causal link between lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome-related atherosclerotic disease with the development of cancer. The knowledge of these breakthrough mechanisms may pave the way for the application of new therapeutic targets and for implementing interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Katsi
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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30
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Guo Y, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Shou J, Zhuang S, Xiao W, Chen P. Depot-specific adaption of adipose tissue for different exercise approaches in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1189528. [PMID: 37485056 PMCID: PMC10358987 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1189528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue pathology plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the impact of exercise training on adipose tissue adaptation is of paramount importance in enhancing metabolic health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of various exercise modalities on three distinct adipose tissue depots, namely, interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), in a murine model of diabetes. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice received a 12-week high-fat diet and a single injection of streptozotocin, followed by an 8-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention included swimming, resistance training, aerobic exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Results: We found that exercise training reduced body weight and body fat percentage, diminished adipocyte size and increased the expression of mitochondria-related genes (PGC1, COX4, and COX8B) in three adipose tissue depots. The effects of exercise on inflammatory status include a reduction in crown-like structures and the expression of inflammatory factors, mainly in eWAT. Besides, exercise only induces the browning of sWAT, which may be related to the expression of the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase. Among the four forms of exercise, HIIT was the most effective in reducing body fat percentage, increasing muscle mass and reducing eWAT adipocyte size. The expression of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related genes in sWAT and eWAT was highest in the HIIT group. Conclusion: When targeting adipose tissue to improve diabetes, HIIT may offer superior benefits and thus represents a more advantageous choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Guo
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shou
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhao Zhuang
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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31
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Li BY, Peng WQ, Liu Y, Guo L, Tang QQ. HIGD1A links SIRT1 activity to adipose browning by inhibiting the ROS/DNA damage pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112731. [PMID: 37393616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy-dissipating adipocytes have the potential to improve metabolic health. Here, we identify hypoxia-induced gene domain protein-1a (HIGD1A), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, as a positive regulator of adipose browning. HIGD1A is induced in thermogenic fats by cold exposure. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transactivates HIGD1A expression synergistically with peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC1α). HIGD1A knockdown inhibits adipocyte browning, whereas HIGD1A upregulation promotes the browning process. Mechanistically, HIGD1A deficiency impairs mitochondrial respiration to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. This increases NAD+ consumption for DNA damage repair and curtails the NAD+/NADH ratio, which inhibits sirtuin1 (SIRT1) activity, thereby compromising adipocyte browning. Conversely, overexpression of HIGD1A blunts the above process to promote adaptive thermogenesis. Furthermore, mice with HIGD1A knockdown in inguinal and brown fat have impaired thermogenesis and are prone to diet-induced obesity (DIO). Overexpression of HIGD1A favors adipose tissue browning, ultimately preventing DIO and metabolic disorders. Thus, the mitochondrial protein HIGD1A links SIRT1 activity to adipocyte browning by inhibiting ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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32
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Li Y, Guo L. The versatile role of Serpina3c in physiological and pathological processes: a review of recent studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1189007. [PMID: 37288300 PMCID: PMC10242157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1189007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine Serpina3c belongs to the family of serine protease inhibitors (Serpins), clade "A" and its human homologue is SerpinA3. Serpina3c is involved in some physiological processes, including insulin secretion and adipogenesis. In the pathophysiological process, the deletion of Serpina3c leads to more severe metabolic disorders, such as aggravated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and obesity. In addition, Serpina3c can improve atherosclerosis and regulate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Many of these processes are directly or indirectly mediated by its inhibition of serine protease activity. Although its function has not been fully revealed, recent studies have shown its potential research value. Here, we aimed to summarize recent studies to provide a clearer view of the biological roles and the underlying mechanisms of Serpina3c.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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33
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Huang W, Su J, Chen X, Li Y, Xing Z, Guo L, Li S, Zhang J. High-Intensity Interval Training Induces Protein Lactylation in Different Tissues of Mice with Specificity and Time Dependence. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050647. [PMID: 37233688 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine lactylation (Kla) is a novel protein acylation reported in recent years, which plays an important role in the development of several diseases with pathologically elevated lactate levels, such as tumors. The concentration of lactate as a donor is directly related to the Kla level. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a workout pattern that has positive effects in many metabolic diseases, but the mechanisms by which HIIT promotes health are not yet clear. Lactate is the main metabolite of HIIT, and it is unknown as to whether high lactate during HIIT can induce changes in Kla levels, as well as whether Kla levels differ in different tissues and how time-dependent Kla levels are. In this study, we observed the specificity and time-dependent effects of a single HIIT on the regulation of Kla in mouse tissues. In addition, we aimed to select tissues with high Kla specificity and obvious time dependence for lactylation quantitative omics and analyze the possible biological targets of HIIT-induced Kla regulation. A single HIIT induces Kla in tissues with high lactate uptake and metabolism, such as iWAT, BAT, soleus muscle and liver proteins, and Kla levels peak at 24 h after HIIT and return to steady state at 72 h. Kla proteins in iWAT may affect pathways related to glycolipid metabolism and are highly associated with de novo synthesis. It is speculated that the changes in energy expenditure, lipolytic effects and metabolic characteristics during the recovery period after HIIT may be related to the regulation of Kla in iWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Huang
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zheng Xing
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanlan Guo
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department of Physical Education, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shitian Li
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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34
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Luo HY, Zhu JY, Chen M, Mu WJ, Guo L. Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) as a critical signaling mediator: Versatile functions in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Genes Dis 2023; 10:915-930. [PMID: 37396542 PMCID: PMC10308129 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10), also known as TGFβ-inducible early gene-1 (TIEG1), was first found in human osteoblasts. Early studies show that KLF10 plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation. Through decades of research, KLF10 has been found to have complex functions in many different cell types, and its expression and function is regulated in multiple ways. As a downstream factor of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/SMAD signaling, KLF10 is involved in various biological functions, including glucose and lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and function of the skeletal muscle, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and plays roles in multiple disease processes, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and tumor. Besides, KLF10 shows gender-dependent difference of regulation and function in many aspects. In this review, the biological functions of KLF10 and its roles in disease states is updated and discussed, which would provide new insights into the functional roles of KLF10 and a clearer view of potential therapeutic strategies by targeting KLF10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Luo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie-Ying Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wang-Jing Mu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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35
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Gao S, Lu B, Zhou R, Gao W. Research progress of mechanisms of fat necrosis after autologous fat grafting: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33220. [PMID: 36897702 PMCID: PMC9997804 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, autologous fat grafting is the common surgery employed in the department of plastic and cosmetic surgery. Complications after fat grafting (such as fat necrosis, calcification, and fat embolism) are the difficulties and hotspots of the current research. Fat necrosis is one of the most common complications after fat grafting, which directly affects the survival rate and surgical effect. In recent years, researchers in various countries have achieved great results on the mechanism of fat necrosis through further clinical and basic studies. We summarize recent research progress on fat necrosis in order to provide theoretical basis for diminishing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baixue Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weicheng Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Exercise and Cardiac Fibrosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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37
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Guo YY, Li BY, Xiao G, Liu Y, Guo L, Tang QQ. Cdo1 promotes PPARγ-mediated adipose tissue lipolysis in male mice. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1352-1368. [PMID: 36253617 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine dioxygenase 1 (Cdo1) is a key enzyme in taurine synthesis. Here we show that Cdo1 promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue. Adipose-specific knockout of Cdo1 in mice impairs energy expenditure, cold tolerance and lipolysis, exacerbates diet-induced obesity (DIO) and decreases adipose expression of the key lipolytic genes encoding ATGL and HSL, with little effect on adipose taurine levels. White-adipose-specific overexpression of ATGL and HSL blunts the role of adipose Cdo1 deficiency in promoting DIO. Mechanistically, Cdo1 interacts with PPARγ and facilitates the recruitment of Med24, the core subunit of mediator complex, to ATGL and HSL gene promoters, thereby transactivating their expression. Further, mice with transgenic overexpression of Cdo1 show better cold tolerance, ameliorated DIO and higher lipolysis capacity. Thus, we uncover an unexpected and important role of Cdo1 in regulating adipose lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, and School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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38
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Zhu JY, Chen M, Mu WJ, Luo HY, Guo L. Higd1a facilitates exercise-mediated alleviation of fatty liver in diet-induced obese mice. Metabolism 2022; 134:155241. [PMID: 35750235 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common liver disease. Exercise is an effective strategy against NAFLD, but its underlying molecular mechanism is not completely understood. METHODS Higd1a, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, was knocked down or overexpressed in mice livers by tail vein injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. High fat diet-induced obese mice were subjected to treadmill training. Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were used for in vitro studies. RESULTS Higd1a was upregulated in mice livers after treadmill exercise training. Knockdown of Higd1a in diet-induced obese mice livers impaired exercise-mediated alleviation of hepatic steatosis, liver injury and inflammation. On the contrary, hepatic overexpression of Higd1a ameliorated fatty liver, liver injury and inflammation in synergy with exercise. Mechanistically, deficiency of Higd1a in hepatocytes promoted free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, and elevated the cytosolic level of oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and JNK signaling, leading to decreased expression of critical genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), such as Ppara, Cpt1a and Acadm. Overexpression of Higd1a in hepatocytes blunted the above effects, which ultimately increased FAO genes expression and alleviated fat accumulation in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These results identify a Higd1a-mediated inhibition of cytosolic ox-mtDNA/NLRP3 inflammasomes/JNK pathway that facilitates exercise-mediated alleviation of hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ying Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Wang-Jing Mu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Hong-Yang Luo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
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Sun C, Qi B, Huang X, Chen M, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Wei X. Baduanjin exercise: A potential promising therapy toward osteoporosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:935961. [PMID: 35991646 PMCID: PMC9381703 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.935961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Baduanjin (BDJ) exercise is a traditional exercise that combines breathing, body movement, meditation and awareness to help delay the onset and progression of senile degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP). The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of BDJ exercise, and preliminarily infer its effective mechanism in the treatment of OP. Methods We identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through eight databases, and compared BDJ exercise with the control groups (including blank control and conventional treatment intervention). The main outcome measure was bone mineral density (BMD), the additional outcome measures were visual analogue scale (VAS), Berg balance scale (BBS), serum Calcium (Ca), serum Phosphorus (P), serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum bone gla protein (BGP). Meta-analysis and trial sequence analysis (TSA) were performed using RevMan 5.4, Stata 16.0, and TSA 0.9. Results In total, 13 RCTs involving 919 patients were included in the analysis. For postmenopausal osteoporosis, BDJ exercise alone and BDJ exercise combined with conventional treatment can improve the BMD of lumbar spine. BDJ exercise alone can influence serum Ca and ALP. BDJ exercise combined with conventional treatment can improve balance (BBS) and influence serum BGP. For senile osteoporosis, BDJ exercise alone and BDJ exercise combined with conventional treatment can improve balance (BBS). BDJ exercise combined with conventional treatment can improve the BMD of hip and pain relieve (VAS). For primary osteoporosis, BDJ exercise combined with conventional treatment can improve the BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck. Conclusion Baduanjin exercise may be beneficial to improve BMD, relieve pain, improve balance ability, influence serum BGP and serum ALP in patients with OP, but differences occur due to various types of OP. Due to the low quality of research on the efficacy and mechanism of BDJ exercise in the treatment of OP, high-quality evidence-based research is still needed to provide reliable supporting evidence. Systematic Review Registration [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42022329022].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyu Qi
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Jin
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yili Zhang,
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Liguo Zhu,
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xu Wei,
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Liu L, Liu Y, Huang M, Zhang M, Zhu C, Chen X, Bennett S, Xu J, Zou J. The Effects of Asprosin on Exercise-Intervention in Metabolic Diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:907358. [PMID: 35899030 PMCID: PMC9311488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.907358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin is the major constituent of extracellular microfibrils, which are distributed throughout connective tissues. Asprosin is derived from the C-terminal region of the FBN1 gene, which encodes profibrillin that undergoes cleavage by furin protein. In response to fasting with low dietary glucose, asprosin is released as a secreted factor from white adipose tissue, and is transported to the liver for the mediation of glucose release into the blood circulation. Through binding to OLFR734, an olfactory G-protein-coupled receptor in liver cells, asprosin induces a glucogenic effect to regulate glucose homeostasis. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the FBN1 gene is abundantly expressed in human skeletal muscle-derived mesoangioblasts, osteoblast-like cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, indicating that the musculoskeletal system might play a role in the regulation of asprosin expression. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that asprosin is regulated by exercise. This timely review discusses the role of asprosin in metabolism, its receptor signalling, as well as the exercise regulation of asprosin. Collectively, asprosin may have a vital regulatory effect on the improvement of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and obesity via exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jun Zou, ; Jiake Xu,
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zou, ; Jiake Xu,
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Li BY, Guo YY, Xiao G, Guo L, Tang QQ. SERPINA3C ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation through the Cathepsin G/Integrin/AKT pathway. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101500. [PMID: 35436587 PMCID: PMC9062745 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance, there is an urgent need for better treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the role of SERPINA3C, an adipocyte secreted protein, in obesity and related metabolic disorders. METHODS Male wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation were assessed. AAV-mediated overexpression of SERPINA3C was injected locally in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) to examine the effect of SERPINA3C. In vitro analyses were conducted in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to explore the molecular pathways underlying the function of SERPINA3C. RESULTS Functional exploration of the SERPINA3C knockout mice revealed that SERPINA3C deficiency led to an impaired metabolic phenotype (more severe obesity, lower metabolic rates, worse glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity), which was associated with anabatic inflammation and apoptosis of white adipose tissues. Consistent with these results, overexpression of SERPINA3C in inguinal adipose tissue protected mice against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders with less inflammation and apoptosis in adipose tissue. Mechanistically, SERPINA3C inhibited Cathepsin G activity, acting as a serine protease inhibitor, which blocked Cathepsin G-mediated turnover of α5/β1 Integrin protein. Then, the preserved integrity (increase) of α5/β1 Integrin signaling activated AKT to decrease JNK phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting inflammation and promoting insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate a previously unknown SERPINA3C/Cathepsin G/Integrin/AKT pathway in regulating adipose tissue inflammation, and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting SERPINA3C/Cathepsin G axis in adipose tissue for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Kinesiology, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Jia L, Zhai L, Wei W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Bai Y. Exercise-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Improving Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Obese/Non-obese Growing Mice: Do Not Neglect Exosomal miR-27a. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940673. [PMID: 35782940 PMCID: PMC9248804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is considered as a favorable measure to prevent and treat childhood obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced beneficial effects and the difference between obese and non-obese individuals are largely unclear. Recently, miR-27a is recognized as a central upstream regulator of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in contributing to various physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to explore the possible cause of exercise affecting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and reversing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese/non-obese immature bodies. For simulating the process of childhood obesity, juvenile mice were fed with a basal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and took 1 or 2 h swimming exercise simultaneously for 10 weeks. The obese animal model was induced by the HFD. We found that exercise hindered HFD-induced body fat development in growing mice. Exercise modified glucolipid metabolism parameters differently in the obese/non-obese groups, and the changes of the 2 h exercise mice were not consistent with the 1 h exercise mice. The level of serum exosomal miR-27a in the non-exercise obese group was increased obviously, which was reduced in the exercise obese groups. Results from bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-27a targeted PPAR-γ. Exercise stimulated WAT browning; however, the response of obese WAT lagged behind normal WAT. In the HFD-fed mice, 2 h exercise activated the IRS-1/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles. In summary, our findings confirmed that exercise-induced beneficial effects are associated with exercise duration, and the response of obese and non-obese bodies is different. Exosomal miR-27a might be a crucial node for the process of exercise-induced browning of WAT and improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xihuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibai Li
- The First Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglong Bai,
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Abstract
Higd1a is a conserved gene in evolution which is widely expressed in many tissues in mammals. Accumulating evidence has revealed multiple functions of Higd1a, as a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. It plays an important role in anti-apoptosis and promotes cellular survival in several cell types under hypoxic condition. And the survival of porcine Sertoli cells facilitated by Higd1a helps to support reproduction. In some cases, Higd1a can serve as a sign of metabolic stress. Over the past several years, a considerable amount of studies about how tumor fate is determined and how cancerous proliferation is regulated by Higd1a have been performed. In this review, we summarize the physiological functions of Higd1a in metabolic homeostasis and its pathophysiological roles in distinct diseases including cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type II diabetes and mitochondrial diseases. The prospect of Higd1a with potential to preserve mammal health is also discussed. This review might pave the way for Higd1a-based research and application in clinical practice.
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Kirschner KM, Scholz H. WT1 in Adipose Tissue: From Development to Adult Physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:854120. [PMID: 35372335 PMCID: PMC8965737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.854120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the fascination of the Wilms tumor protein (WT1) emanates from its unique roles in development and disease. Ubiquitous Wt1 deletion in adult mice causes multiple organ failure including a reduction of body fat. WT1 is expressed in fat cell progenitors in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) but detected neither in energy storing subcutaneous WAT nor in heat producing brown adipose tissue (BAT). Our recent findings indicate that WT1 represses thermogenic genes and maintains the white adipose identity of visceral fat. Wt1 heterozygosity in mice is associated with molecular and morphological signs of browning including elevated levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in epididymal WAT. Compared to their wild-type littermates, Wt1 heterozygous mice exhibit significantly improved whole-body glucose tolerance and alleviated hepatic steatosis under high-fat diet. Partial protection of heterozygous Wt1 knockout mice against metabolic dysfunction is presumably related to browning of their epididymal WAT. In the light of recent advancements, this article reviews the role of WT1 in the development of visceral WAT and its supposed function as a regulator of white adipose identity.
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Chen M, Zhu JY, Mu WJ, Guo L. Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1): its functional role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ohguro H, Ida Y, Hikage F, Umetsu A, Ichioka H, Watanabe M, Furuhashi M. STAT3 Is the Master Regulator for the Forming of 3D Spheroids of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020300. [PMID: 35053416 PMCID: PMC8774605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the currently unknown mechanisms responsible for the diverse biological aspects between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, RNA-sequencing analyses were performed. During a 7-day culture period, 2D- and 3D-cultured 3T3-L1 cells were subjected to lipid staining by BODIPY, qPCR for adipogenesis related genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa), Ap2 (fatty acid-binding protein 4; Fabp4), leptin, and AdipoQ (adiponectin), and RNA-sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and validated by a quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). Bioinformatic analyses were performed on DEGs using a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Significant spontaneous adipogenesis was observed in 3D 3T3-L1 spheroids, but not in 2D-cultured cells. The mRNA expression of Pparγ, Cebpa, and Ap2 among the five genes tested were significantly higher in 3D spheroids than in 2D-cultured cells, thus providing support for this conclusion. RNA analysis demonstrated that a total of 826 upregulated and 725 downregulated genes were identified as DEGs. GO enrichment analysis and IPA found 50 possible upstream regulators, and among these, 6 regulators—transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), interleukin 6 (IL6), angiotensinogen (AGT), FOS, and MYC—were, in fact, significantly upregulated. Further analyses of these regulators by causal networks of the top 14 predicted diseases and functions networks (IPA network score indicated more than 30), suggesting that STAT3 was the most critical upstream regulator. The findings presented herein suggest that STAT3 has a critical role in regulating the unique biological properties of 3D spheroids that are produced from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.I.); (F.H.); (A.U.); (H.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.I.); (F.H.); (A.U.); (H.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.I.); (F.H.); (A.U.); (H.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.I.); (F.H.); (A.U.); (H.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Hanae Ichioka
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.I.); (F.H.); (A.U.); (H.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.O.); (Y.I.); (F.H.); (A.U.); (H.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111; Fax: +81-11-644-7958
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