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Rakotoarivelo V, Mayer TZ, Simard M, Flamand N, Di Marzo V. The Impact of the CB 2 Cannabinoid Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: An Update. Molecules 2024; 29:3381. [PMID: 39064959 PMCID: PMC11279428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of inflammatory diseases is a heavy burden on modern societies. Cannabis has been used for several millennia to treat inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism or gout. Since the characterization of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, the potential of cannabinoid pharmacotherapy in inflammatory conditions has received great interest. Several studies have identified the importance of these receptors in immune cell migration and in the production of inflammatory mediators. As the presence of the CB2 receptor was documented to be more predominant in immune cells, several pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been designed to treat inflammation. To better define the potential of the CB2 receptor, three online databases, PubMed, Google Scholar and clinicaltrial.gov, were searched without language restriction. The full texts of articles presenting data on the endocannabinoid system, the CB2 receptor and its role in modulating inflammation in vitro, in animal models and in the context of clinical trials were reviewed. Finally, we discuss the clinical potential of the latest cannabinoid-based therapies in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volatiana Rakotoarivelo
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Thomas Z. Mayer
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, and Centre NUTRISS, École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, and Centre NUTRISS, École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the CNR of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
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Lu X, Li G, Liu Y, Luo G, Ding S, Zhang T, Li N, Geng Q. The role of fatty acid metabolism in acute lung injury: a special focus on immunometabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:120. [PMID: 38456906 PMCID: PMC10923746 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Reputable evidence from multiple studies suggests that excessive and uncontrolled inflammation plays an indispensable role in mediating, amplifying, and protracting acute lung injury (ALI). Traditionally, immunity and energy metabolism are regarded as separate functions regulated by distinct mechanisms, but recently, more and more evidence show that immunity and energy metabolism exhibit a strong interaction which has given rise to an emerging field of immunometabolism. Mammalian lungs are organs with active fatty acid metabolism, however, during ALI, inflammation and oxidative stress lead to a series metabolic reprogramming such as impaired fatty acid oxidation, increased expression of proteins involved in fatty acid uptake and transport, enhanced synthesis of fatty acids, and accumulation of lipid droplets. In addition, obesity represents a significant risk factor for ALI/ARDS. Thus, we have further elucidated the mechanisms of obesity exacerbating ALI from the perspective of fatty acid metabolism. To sum up, this paper presents a systematical review of the relationship between extensive fatty acid metabolic pathways and acute lung injury and summarizes recent advances in understanding the involvement of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in ALI. We hold an optimistic believe that targeting fatty acid metabolism pathway is a promising lung protection strategy, but the specific regulatory mechanisms are way too complex, necessitating further extensive and in-depth investigations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Genovese T, Duranti A, Monaco F, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, D’Amico R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Regulates NF-kb Pathways Reducing Bleomycin-Induced Chronic Lung Inflammation and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10125. [PMID: 37373275 PMCID: PMC10298572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The deadly interstitial lung condition known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) worsens over time and for no apparent reason. The traditional therapy approaches for IPF, which include corticosteroids and immunomodulatory drugs, are often ineffective and can have noticeable side effects. The endocannabinoids are hydrolyzed by a membrane protein called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Increasing endogenous levels of endocannabinoid by pharmacologically inhibiting FAAH results in numerous analgesic advantages in a variety of experimental models for pre-clinical pain and inflammation. In our study, we mimicked IPF by administering intratracheal bleomycin, and we administered oral URB878 at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The histological changes, cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inflammation, and nitrosative stress caused by bleomycin were all reduced by URB878. Our data clearly demonstrate for the first time that the inhibition of FAAH activity was able to counteract not only the histological alteration bleomycin-induced but also the cascade of related inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
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Chen C, Wang W, Raymond M, Ahmadinejad F, Poklis JL, Em B, Gewirtz DA, Lichtman AH, Li N. Genetic Knockout of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Nephropathy in Mice. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:230-240. [PMID: 36702548 PMCID: PMC10029825 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a potent first-line therapy for many solid malignancies, such as breast, ovarian, lung, testicular, and head and neck cancer. However, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major dose-limiting toxicity in cisplatin therapy, which often hampers the continuation of cisplatin treatment. The endocannabinoid system, consisting of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol and cannabinoid receptors, participates in different kidney diseases. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary enzyme for the degradation of AEA and AEA-related N-acylethanolamines, elicits anti-inflammatory effects; however, little is known about its role in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The current study tested the hypothesis that genetic deletion of Faah mitigates cisplatin-induced AKI. Male wild-type C57BL6 (WT) and Faah-/- mice were administered a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (30 mg/kg) and euthanatized 72 hours later. Faah-/- mice showed a reduction of cisplatin-induced blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine levels, kidney injury markers, and tubular damage in comparison with WT mice. The renal protection from Faah deletion was associated with enhanced tone of AEA-related N-acylethanolamines (palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide), attenuated nuclear factor-κB/p65 activity, DNA damage markers p53 and p21, and decreased expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, as well as infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes in the kidneys. Notably, a selective FAAH inhibitor (PF-04457845) did not interfere with or perturb the antitumor effects of cisplatin in two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, HN30 and HN12. Our work highlights that FAAH inactivation prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice and that targeting FAAH could provide a novel strategy to mitigate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Mice lacking the Faah gene are protected from cisplatin-induced inflammation, DNA damage response, tubular damage, and kidney dysfunction. Inactivation of FAAH could be a potential strategy to mitigate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marissa Raymond
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Fereshteh Ahmadinejad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Brandon Em
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Pfitzer G. New insights into the mechanisms of anandamide-induced airway dilation placing its degradation enzyme, FAAH center stage. Commentary on: Simon A, von Einem T, Seidinger A, Matthey M, Bindila L, Wenzel D (2022) The endocannabinoid anandamide is an airway relaxant in health and disease. Nat Commun 13:6941. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:557-559. [PMID: 36856931 PMCID: PMC10105667 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Chronic Exposure to Endocrine Disruptor Vinclozolin Leads to Lung Damage Via Nrf2–Nf-kb Pathway Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911320. [PMID: 36232623 PMCID: PMC9569619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting substances (EDS) are common and pervasive in our environment and pose a serious risk to both human and animal health. Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been associated with a variety of detrimental human health effects, including respiratory issues, as a result of their ability to disrupt cell physiology. Vinclozolin ((RS)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyloxazolidine-2,4-dione) is a common dicarboximide fungicide used to treat plant diseases. Several studies have analyzed the effects of vinclozolin exposure on the reproductive system, but less is known about its effect on other organs such as the lung. Mice were exposed for 28 days to orally administered vinclozolin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Vinclozolin exposure induced histological alterations and collagen depositions in the lung. Additionally, vinclozolin induced inflammation and oxidative stress that led to lung apoptosis. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the toxicological effects of vinclozolin are not limited to the reproductive system but also involve other organs such as the lung.
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Evaluation of a Gel Containing a Propionibacterium Extract in an In Vivo Model of Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094708. [PMID: 35563099 PMCID: PMC9101165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate wound healing (WH) management can cause significant comorbidities, especially in patients affected by chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. WH involves several different, partially overlapping processes, including hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and remodeling. Oxidative stress in WH contributes to WH impairment because of the overexpression of radical oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidative action of a gel containing a Propionibacterium extract (Emorsan® Gel) and assess its skin re-epithelialization properties in a mouse model of WH. The scavenging effects of the bacterial extract were assessed in vitro through the ABTS and DPPH assays and in L-929 murine fibroblasts. The effects of the Emorsan® Gel were studied in vivo in a murine model of WH. After WH induction, mice were treated daily with vehicle or Emorsan® Gel for 6 or 12 days. According to the in vitro tests, the Propionibacterium extract exerted an inhibitory effect on ROS and RNS, consequently leading to the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels. Before proceeding with the in vivo study, the Emorsan® Gel was verified to be unabsorbed. Therefore, the observed effects could be ascribed to a local action. The results obtained in vivo showed that through local reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α), the Emorsan® Gel significantly reduced the infiltration of mast cells into the injured wound, leading to the amelioration of symptoms such as itch and skin irritation. Therefore, the Emorsan® Gel improved the speed and percentage of wound area closure by improving the tissue remodeling process, prompting vascular–endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)- β production and reducing the expression of adhesion molecules. Emorsan® Gel, by its ability to inhibit free radicals, could reduce local inflammation and oxidative stress, thus enhancing the speed of wound healing.
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