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Yarzábal Rodríguez LA, Álvarez Gutiérrez PE, Gunde-Cimerman N, Ciancas Jiménez JC, Gutiérrez-Cepeda A, Ocaña AMF, Batista-García RA. Exploring extremophilic fungi in soil mycobiome for sustainable agriculture amid global change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6951. [PMID: 39138171 PMCID: PMC11322326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As the Earth warms, alternatives to traditional farming are crucial. Exploring fungi, especially poly extremophilic and extremotolerant species, to be used as plant probiotics, represents a promising option. Extremophilic fungi offer avenues for developing and producing innovative biofertilizers, effective biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, and resilient enzymes active under extreme conditions, all of which are crucial to enhance agricultural efficiency and sustainability through improved soil fertility and decreased reliance on agrochemicals. Yet, extremophilic fungi's potential remains underexplored and, therefore, comprehensive research is needed to understand their roles as tools to foster sustainable agriculture practices amid climate change. Efforts should concentrate on unraveling the complex dynamics of plant-fungi interactions and harnessing extremophilic fungi's ecological functions to influence plant growth and development. Aspects such as plant's epigenome remodeling, fungal extracellular vesicle production, secondary metabolism regulation, and impact on native soil microbiota are among many deserving to be explored in depth. Caution is advised, however, as extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi can act as both mitigators of crop diseases and as opportunistic pathogens, underscoring the necessity for balanced research to optimize benefits while mitigating risks in agricultural settings.
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Grants
- This work was supported by Fondo Nacional de Innovación y Desarrollo Científico-Tecnológico (FONDOCYT), Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (MESCYT), Government of Dominican Republic: Project COD. 2022-2B2-078. This work was supported by Darwin Initiative Round 27: Partnership Project DARPP220, and Darwin Initiative Round 30: Project DIR30S2/1004. This study was also supported by funding from the Slovenian Research Agency to Infrastructural Centre Mycosmo (MRIC UL, I0-0022), programs P4-0432 and P1-0198. Authors appreciate the support received from the European Commission – Program H2020, Project GEN4OLIVE: 101000427, Topic SFS-28-2018-2019-2020 Genetic resources and pre-breeding communities. RAB-G received a Sabbatical fellowship (CVU: 389616) from the National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies (CONAHCyT), Government of Mexico. This work was supported by RYC2022-037554-I project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andrés Yarzábal Rodríguez
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia. Grupo de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología (GI-M2YB). Unidad de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Departament of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Adrián Gutiérrez-Cepeda
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ana María Fernández Ocaña
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología. Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología. Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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2
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Klemanska A, Dwyer K, Walsh G. Truncation of a novel C-terminal domain of a β-glucanase improves its thermal stability and specific activity. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400245. [PMID: 39118577 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes that degrade β-glucan play important roles in various industries, including those related to brewing, animal feed, and health care. Csph16A, an endo-β-1,3(4)-glucanase encoded by a gene from the halotolerant, xerotolerant, and radiotrophic black fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Two isoforms (Csph16A.1 and Csph16A.2) are produced, arising from differential glycosylation. The proteins were predicted to contain a catalytic Lam16A domain, along with a C-terminal domain (CTD) of unknown function which exhibits minimal secondary structure. Employing PCR-mediated gene truncation, the CTD of Csph16A was excised to assess its functional impact on the enzyme and determine potential alterations in biotechnologically relevant characteristics. The truncated mutant, Csph16A-ΔC, exhibited significantly enhanced thermal stability at 50°C, with D-values 14.8 and 23.5 times greater than those of Csph16A.1 and Csph16A.2, respectively. Moreover, Csph16A-ΔC demonstrated a 20%-25% increase in halotolerance at 1.25 and 1.5 M NaCl, respectively, compared to the full-length enzymes. Notably, specific activity against cereal β-glucan, lichenan, and curdlan was increased by up to 238%. This study represents the first characterization of a glucanase from the stress-tolerant fungus C. sphaerospermum and the first report of a halotolerant and engineered endo-β-1,3(4)-glucanase. Additionally, it sheds light on a group of endo-β-1,3(4)-glucanases from Antarctic rock-inhabiting black fungi harboring a Lam16A catalytic domain and a novel CTD of unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Klemanska
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick City, Ireland
- Monaghan Mushrooms, Tyholland, Co, Monaghan, Ireland
| | - Kelly Dwyer
- Monaghan Mushrooms, Tyholland, Co, Monaghan, Ireland
| | - Gary Walsh
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick City, Ireland
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Bodnár V, Antal K, de Vries RP, Pócsi I, Emri T. Aspergillus nidulans gfdB, Encoding the Hyperosmotic Stress Protein Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Disrupts Osmoadaptation in Aspergillus wentii. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:291. [PMID: 38667962 PMCID: PMC11051529 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome of the osmophilic Aspergillus wentii, unlike that of the osmotolerant Aspergillus nidulans, contains only the gfdA, but not the gfdB, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Here, we studied transcriptomic changes of A. nidulans (reference strain and ΔgfdB gene deletion mutant) and A. wentii (reference strain and An-gfdB expressing mutant) elicited by high osmolarity. A. nidulans showed a canonic hyperosmotic stress response characterized by the upregulation of the trehalose and glycerol metabolism genes (including gfdB), as well as the genes of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) map kinase pathway. The deletion of gfdB caused only negligible alterations in the transcriptome, suggesting that the glycerol metabolism was flexible enough to compensate for the missing GfdB activity in this species. A. wentii responded differently to increased osmolarity than did A. nidulans, e.g., the bulk upregulation of the glycerol and trehalose metabolism genes, along with the HOG pathway genes, was not detected. The expression of An-gfdB in A. wentii did not abolish osmophily, but it reduced growth and caused much bigger alterations in the transcriptome than did the missing gfdB gene in A. nidulans. Flexible glycerol metabolism and hence, two differently regulated gfd genes, may be more beneficial for osmotolerant (living under changing osmolarity) than for osmophilic (living under constantly high osmolarity) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bodnár
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Antal
- Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eszterházy tér 1, H-3300 Eger, Hungary;
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Salazar-Alekseyeva K, Herndl GJ, Baltar F. Influence of Salinity on the Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Marine Pelagic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:152. [PMID: 38392824 PMCID: PMC10890631 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though fungi are ubiquitous in the biosphere, the ecological knowledge of marine fungi remains rather rudimentary. Also, little is known about their tolerance to salinity and how it influences their activities. Extracellular enzymatic activities (EEAs) are widely used to determine heterotrophic microbes' enzymatic capabilities and substrate preferences. Five marine fungal species belonging to the most abundant pelagic phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were grown under non-saline and saline conditions (0 g/L and 35 g/L, respectively). Due to their sensitivity and specificity, fluorogenic substrate analogues were used to determine hydrolytic activity on carbohydrates (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase); peptides (leucine aminopeptidase and trypsin); lipids (lipase); organic phosphorus (alkaline phosphatase), and sulfur compounds (sulfatase). Afterwards, kinetic parameters such as maximum velocity (Vmax) and half-saturation constant (Km) were calculated. All fungal species investigated cleaved these substrates, but some species were more efficient than others. Moreover, most enzymatic activities were reduced in the saline medium, with some exceptions like sulfatase. In non-saline conditions, the average Vmax ranged between 208.5 to 0.02 μmol/g biomass/h, and in saline conditions, 88.4 to 0.02 μmol/g biomass/h. The average Km ranged between 1553.2 and 0.02 μM with no clear influence of salinity. Taken together, our results highlight a potential tolerance of marine fungi to freshwater conditions and indicate that changes in salinity (due to freshwater input or evaporation) might impact their enzymatic activities spectrum and, therefore, their contribution to the oceanic elemental cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Salazar-Alekseyeva
- Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), University of Utrecht, 1790 AB Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Baltar
- Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Ben Hmad I, Gargouri A. Halophilic filamentous fungi and their enzymes: Potential biotechnological applications. J Biotechnol 2024; 381:11-18. [PMID: 38159888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, interest in the study of microorganisms growing under extreme conditions, particularly halophiles, has increased due to their potential use in industrial processes. Halophiles are the class of microorganisms that grow optimally at high NaCl concentrations and are capable of producing halophilic enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions under harsh conditions. So far, fungi are the least studied halophilic microorganisms, even though they have been shown to counteract these extreme conditions by producing secondary metabolites with very interesting properties. This review highlights mechanisms that allow halophilic fungi to adapt high salinity and the specificity of their enzymes to a spectrum of action in industrial and environmental applications. The peculiarities of these enzymes justify the urgent need to apply green alternative compounds in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Hmad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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6
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Zhong M, Li Y, Deng L, Fang J, Yu X. Insight into the adaptation mechanisms of high hydrostatic pressure in physiology and metabolism of hadal fungi from the deepest ocean sediment. mSystems 2024; 9:e0108523. [PMID: 38117068 PMCID: PMC10804941 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01085-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) influences the life processes of organisms living at depth in the oceans. While filamentous fungi are one of the essential members of deep-sea microorganisms, few works have explored their piezotolerance to HHP. Here, we obtained three homogeneous Aspergillus sydowii from terrestrial, shallow, and hadal areas, respectively, to compare their pressure resistance. A set of all-around evaluation methods including determination of growth rate, metabolic activity, and microscopic staining observation was established and indicated that A. sydowii DM1 from the hadal area displayed significant piezotolerance. Global analysis of transcriptome data under elevated HHP revealed that A. sydowii DM1 proactively modulated cell membrane permeability, hyphae morphology, and septal quantities for seeking a better livelihood under mild pressure. Besides, differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, carbohydrate metabolism, cell process, etc., implying how the filamentous fungi respond to elevated pressure at the molecular level. We speculated that A. sydowii DM1 could acclimatize itself to HHP by adopting several strategies, including environmental response pathway HOG-MAPK, stress proteins, and cellular metabolisms.IMPORTANCEFungi play an ecological and biological function in marine environments, while the physiology of filamentous fungi under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an unknown territory due to current technologies. As filamentous fungi are found in various niches, Aspergillus sp. from deep-sea inspire us to the physiological trait of eukaryotes under HHP, which can be considered as a prospective research model. Here, the evaluation methods we constructed would be universal for most filamentous fungi to assess their pressure resistance, and we found that Aspergillus sydowii DM1 from the hadal area owned better piezotolerance and the active metabolisms under HHP indicated the existence of undiscovered metabolic strategies for hadal fungi. Since pressure-related research of marine fungi has been unexpectedly neglected, our study provided an enlightening strategy for them under HHP; we believed that understanding their adaptation and ecological function in original niches will be accelerated in the perceivable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Zhong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ludan Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasong Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Kiss A, Hariri Akbari F, Marchev A, Papp V, Mirmazloum I. The Cytotoxic Properties of Extreme Fungi's Bioactive Components-An Updated Metabolic and Omics Overview. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1623. [PMID: 37629481 PMCID: PMC10455657 DOI: 10.3390/life13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Agro-Food Science Techtransfer and Innovation Centre, Faculty for Agro, Food and Environmental Science, Debrecen University, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Farhad Hariri Akbari
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Moreno-Perlin T, Valdés-Muñoz G, Jiménez-Gómez I, Gunde-Cimerman N, Yarzábal Rodríguez LA, Sánchez-Carbente MDR, Vargas-Fernández A, Gutiérrez-Cepeda A, Batista-García RA. Extremely chaotolerant and kosmotolerant Aspergillus atacamensis - a metabolically versatile fungus suitable for recalcitrant biosolid treatment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191312. [PMID: 37455742 PMCID: PMC10338856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obligate halophily is extremely rare in fungi. Nevertheless, Aspergillus atacamensis (strain EXF-6660), isolated from a salt water-exposed cave in the Coastal Range hills of the hyperarid Atacama Desert in Chile, is an obligate halophile, with a broad optimum range from 1.5 to 3.4 M of NaCl. When we tested its ability to grow at varied concentrations of both kosmotropic (NaCl, KCl, and sorbitol) and chaotropic (MgCl2, LiCl, CaCl2, and glycerol) solutes, stereoscopy and laser scanning microscopy revealed the formation of phialides and conidia. A. atacamensis EXF-6660 grew up to saturating levels of NaCl and at 2.0 M concentration of the chaotropic salt MgCl2. Our findings confirmed that A. atacamensis is an obligate halophile that can grow at substantially higher MgCl2 concentrations than 1.26 M, previously considered as the maximum limit supporting prokaryotic life. To assess the fungus' metabolic versatility, we used the phenotype microarray technology Biolog FF MicroPlates. In the presence of 2.0 M NaCl concentration, strain EXF-6660 metabolism was highly versatile. A vast repertoire of organic molecules (~95% of the substrates present in Biolog FF MicroPlates) was metabolized when supplied as sole carbon sources, including numerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene derivatives, dyes, and several carbohydrates. Finally, the biotechnological potential of A. atacamensis for xenobiotic degradation and biosolid treatment was investigated. Interestingly, it could remove biphenyls, diphenyl ethers, different pharmaceuticals, phenols, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Our combined findings show that A. atacamensis EXF-6660 is a highly chaotolerant, kosmotolerant, and xerotolerant fungus, potentially useful for xenobiotic and biosolid treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Moreno-Perlin
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gisell Valdés-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Irina Jiménez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Alfaniris Vargas-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Adrián Gutiérrez-Cepeda
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Rubio-Ribeaux D, da Costa RAM, Montero-Rodríguez D, do Amaral Marques NSA, Puerta-Díaz M, de Souza Mendonça R, Franco PM, Dos Santos JC, da Silva SS. Sustainable production of bioemulsifiers, a critical overview from microorganisms to promising applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:195. [PMID: 37171665 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial bioemulsifiers are molecules of amphiphilic nature and high molecular weight that are efficient in emulsifying two immiscible phases such as water and oil. These molecules are less effective in reducing surface tension and are synthesized by bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Unlike synthetic emulsifiers, microbial bioemulsifiers have unique advantages such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, efficiency at low concentrations and high selectivity under different conditions of pH, temperature and salinity. The adoption of microbial bioemulsifiers as alternatives to their synthetic counterparts has been growing in ongoing research. This article analyzes the production of microbial-based emulsifiers, the raw materials and fermentation processes used, as well as the scale-up and commercial applications of some of these biomolecules. The current trend of incorporating natural compounds into industrial formulations indicates that the search for new bioemulsifiers will continue to increase, with emphasis on performance improvement and economically viable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylin Rubio-Ribeaux
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil.
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil.
| | - Rogger Alessandro Mata da Costa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Dayana Montero-Rodríguez
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Sá Alencar do Amaral Marques
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Mirelys Puerta-Díaz
- Pernambuco Institute of Agronomy, Recife, Pernambuco, 50761-000, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Souza Mendonça
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcelino Franco
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
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Abdelalatif AM, Elwakil BH, Mohamed MZ, Hagar M, Olama ZA. Fungal Secondary Metabolites/Dicationic Pyridinium Iodide Combinations in Combat against Multi-Drug Resistant Microorganisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062434. [PMID: 36985405 PMCID: PMC10058977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic microbes is a huge socioeconomic burden and a growing concern for global public health. In the current study, two endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Mangifera Indica roots and identified as Aspergillus niger MT597434.1 and Trichoderma lixii KU324798.1. Secondary metabolites produced by A. niger and T. lixii were extracted and tested for their antimicrobial activity. The highest activity was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli treated with A. niger and T. lixii secondary metabolites, respectively. A. niger crude extract was mainly composed of Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (26.66 and 18.01%, respectively), while T. lixii crude extract's major components were 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E) and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, and methyl ester (10.69 and 10.32%, respectively). Moreover, a comparative study between the fungal extracts and dicationic pyridinium iodide showed that the combination of A. niger and T. lixii secondary metabolites with dicationic pyridinium iodide compound showed a synergistic effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The combined formulae inhibited the bacterial growth after 4 to 6 h through cell wall breakage and cells deformation, with intracellular components leakage and increased ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub M Abdelalatif
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Bassma H Elwakil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Hagar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Zakia A Olama
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
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