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Yao C, Peng A, Wu P, Zuo J, Pan J, Kong C, Qian Z, Jin Z, Feng H. Side-chain-engineered fluorescent dyes for 3D and long-term dynamic tracking of the plasma membrane in living cells. Talanta 2024; 279:126583. [PMID: 39053364 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The plasma membrane involves in many important biological events such as cell fusion and programmed cell death, but most of current plasma membrane probes cannot meet the requirement of long-term specific anchoring to the plasma membrane. Herein, we propose a molecular side-chain engineering strategy to modulate the long-term imaging performance of fluorescent dyes to the plasma membrane by regulating the cell permeability and anchoring ability. A series of FMR dyes with different lengths of side chains were designed and synthesized, and their transmembrane behaviours and staining performance were evaluated in living HeLa cells. We found that short-chain and medium-chain FMR dyes have excellent cell permeability without the labeling ability to the plasma membrane while the long-chain FMR dyes specifically stain the plasma membrane and can be firmly anchored to the plasma membrane for a long period of time. These long-chain FMR dyes have high stain specificality to the plasma membrane, and C10-FMR can be anchored to the plasma membrane of living cells for 2 h, which enables it to continuously monitor dynamic changes of the plasma membrane. The three-dimensional precision imaging of various cells was achieved using C10-FMR, which provides an opportunity to obtain complete information on the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the plasma membrane. The PEG-induced cell fusion of chicken red blood cells and H2O2-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells were monitored by real-time tracking of dynamic changes of the plasma membrane during these processes, which provide solid examples to prove the usefulness of these fluorescent dyes as long-term imaging tools. This work validates the hypothesis that cell permeability of membrane dyes can be readily regulated by tuning the side chains, and provides the effective design strategy of fluorescent dyes for 3D and long-term dynamic tracking of the plasma membrane of diverse animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Aohui Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Penglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Junjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Chuixi Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
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2
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Shultes PV, Weaver DT, Tadele DS, Barker-Clarke RJ, Scott JG. Cell-cell fusion in cancer: The next cancer hallmark? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 175:106649. [PMID: 39186970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the role of cell-cell fusion in cancer development and progression through an evolutionary lens. We begin by summarizing the origins of fusion proteins (fusogens), of which there are many distinct classes that have evolved through convergent evolution. We then use an evolutionary framework to highlight how the persistence of fusion over generations and across different organisms can be attributed to traits that increase fitness secondary to fusion; these traits map well to the expanded hallmarks of cancer. By studying the tumor microenvironment, we can begin to identify the key selective pressures that may favor higher rates of fusion compared to healthy tissues. The paper concludes by discussing the increasing number of research questions surrounding fusion, recommendations for how to answer them, and the need for a greater interest in exploring cell fusion and evolutionary principles in oncology moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulameena V Shultes
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Davis T Weaver
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Dagim S Tadele
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rowan J Barker-Clarke
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Jacob G Scott
- Translational Hematology and Oncology (THOR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA; Physics Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA.
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3
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Cai F, Jiang B, He F. Formation and biological activities of foreign body giant cells in response to biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00478-1. [PMID: 39245307 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The integration of biomaterials in medical applications triggers the foreign body response (FBR), a multi-stage immune reaction characterized by the formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). Originating from the fusion of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, FBGCs are pivotal participants during tissue-material interactions. This review provides an in-depth examination of the molecular processes during FBGC formation, highlighting signaling pathways and fusion mediators in response to both exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Moreover, a wide range of material-specific characteristics, such as surface chemical and physical properties, has been proven to influence the fusion of macrophages into FBGCs. Multifaceted biological activities of FBGCs are also explored, with emphasis on their phagocytic capabilities and extracellular secretory functions, which profoundly affect the vascularization, degradation, and encapsulation of the biomaterials. This review further elucidates the heterogeneity of FBGCs and their diverse roles during FBR, as demonstrated by their distinct behaviors in response to different materials. By presenting a comprehensive understanding of FBGCs, this review intends to provide strategies and insights into optimizing biocompatibility and the therapeutic potential of biomaterials for enhanced stability and efficacy in clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As a hallmark of the foreign body response (FBR), foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) significantly impact the success of implantable biomaterials, potentially leading to complications such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and device failure. Understanding the role of FBGCs and modulating their responses are vital for successful material applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecules and signaling pathways guiding macrophage fusion into FBGCs. By elucidating the physical and chemical properties of materials inducing distinct levels of FBGCs, potential strategies of materials in modulating FBGC formation are investigated. Additionally, the biological activities of FBGCs and their heterogeneity in responses to different material categories in vivo are highlighted in this review, offering crucial insights for improving the biocompatibility and efficacy of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Cai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bulin Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Guan Y, Li X, Yang H, Xu S, Shi L, Liu Y, Kong L, Qin Y. Role and mechanism of IRF9 in promoting the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating macrophage polarization via PSMA5. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35589. [PMID: 39170377 PMCID: PMC11336755 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the mechanisms of IRF9 in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis(RA), and the effects of IRF9 on M1/M2 polarization. Methods RA dataset (GSE55457) was downloaded from GEO. Correlation analysis between IRF9 and its downstream target protein PSMA5 was performed using bioinformatics analysis. The M1/M2 cell ratio of peripheral blood mononuclear cells which from 20 healthy specimen and 40 RA patients was determined. The expression of IRF9 and PSMA5 was detected using qPCR and Western blot. Then, knockdown IRF9 in RAW264.7 cell line (sh-IRF9 RAW264.7) was constructed. The effect of sh-IRF9 RAW264.7 on RA was explored by constructing a CIA mouse model. Results IRF9 is upregulated in RA and is of good early screening effect. The results of pathway analysis showed that IRF9 targets and regulates the PSMA5 signaling pathway. IRF9 and PSMA5 were significantly elevated in RA patients, M1/M2 ratio was also increased. The effects of IRF9 on RAW264.7 macrophages were deeply explored in vitro, revealing that knockdown of IRF9 suppressed PSMA5, M1/M2 ratio and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factor in RAW264.7. In mouse in vivo experiments, sh-IRF9 RAW264.7 cells were found to modulate RA by downregulating PSMA5, modulating the M1/M2 ratio through enhancing the anti-inflammatory factor, and suppressing the pro-inflammatory factor. Conclusion IRF9 promoted the progression of RA via regulating macrophage polarization through PSMA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hemin Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Inspection Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lidong Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lingdan Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Wei S, Li M, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Shen J, Wu K, Yang J, Sun Y, Gu L, Li X, Li W, Chen M, Ling X, Yu L, Xiao Z, Dong L, Wu X. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: New Generation Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3307-3334. [PMID: 38800593 PMCID: PMC11128225 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which has a high recurrence rate and is incurable due to a lack of effective treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a class of pluripotent stem cells that have recently received a lot of attention due to their strong self-renewal ability and immunomodulatory effects, and a large number of experimental and clinical models have confirmed the positive therapeutic effect of MSCs on IBD. In preclinical studies, MSC treatment for IBD relies on MSCs paracrine effects, cell-to-cell contact, and its mediated mitochondrial transfer for immune regulation. It also plays a therapeutic role in restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier through the homing effect, regulation of the intestinal microbiome, and repair of intestinal epithelial cells. In the latest clinical trials, the safety and efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of IBD have been confirmed by transfusion of autologous or allogeneic bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose MSCs, as well as their derived extracellular vesicles. However, regarding the stable and effective clinical use of MSCs, several concerns emerge, including the cell sources, clinical management (dose, route and frequency of administration, and pretreatment of MSCs) and adverse reactions. This article comprehensively summarizes the effects and mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of IBD and its advantages over conventional drugs, as well as the latest clinical trial progress of MSCs in the treatment of IBD. The current challenges and future directions are also discussed. This review would add knowledge into the understanding of IBD treatment by applying MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wei
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Shen
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Wu
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Gu
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanping Li
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ling
- Department of Obstetrics, Luzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital (Luzhou Second People’s Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Luzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital (Luzhou Second People’s Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishu Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Luzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital (Luzhou Second People’s Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wu
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China
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Lu Y, Chen D, Wang B, Chai W, Yan M, Chen Y, Zhan Y, Yang R, Zhou E, Dai S, Li Y, Dong R, Zheng B. Single-cell landscape of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Oncogene 2024; 43:1353-1368. [PMID: 38459120 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a highly aggressive malignant soft tissue tumor with a poor prognosis; however, the identity and heterogeneity of tumor populations remain elusive. Here, eight major cell clusters were identified through the RNA sequencing of 79,569 individual cells of UPS. UPS originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and features undifferentiated subclusters. UPS subclusters were predicted to exist in two bulk RNA datasets, and had a prognostic value in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The functional heterogeneity of malignant UPS cells and the immune microenvironment were characterized. Additionally, the fused cells were innovatively detected by expressing both monocyte/macrophage markers and other subcluster-associated genes. Based on the ligand-receptor interaction analysis, cellular interactions with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) were abundant. Furthermore, 73% of patients with UPS (48/66) showed positive EGFR expression, which was associated with a poor prognosis. EGFR blockade with cetuximab inhibited tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft model. Our transcriptomic studies delineate the landscape of UPS intratumor heterogeneity and serve as a foundational resource for further discovery and therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Deqian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Chai
- Department of Animal Experimental Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Mingxia Yan
- Department of Animal Experimental Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Enqing Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shuyang Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Biqiang Zheng
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Okano J, Nakagawa T, Kojima H. Plasticity of bone marrow-derived cell differentiation depending on microenvironments in the skin. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1391640. [PMID: 38699142 PMCID: PMC11063383 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1391640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) are heterogeneous populations in which not only pluripotent stem cells, namely, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) but also endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are involved. BMDCs contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis and recovery from disrupted homeostasis as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. The skin is the largest organ in which various tissues, such as the epidermis, dermis, skin appendages (i.e., hair follicles), fats, muscles, and vessels, are tightly and systematically packed. It functions as a physical barrier to block the invasion of harmful substances and pathogenic microorganisms and properly regulate water evaporation. The skin is exposed to injuries from external stimuli because it is the outermost layer and owing to its specificity. Recovery from physical injuries and DNA mutations occurs constantly in the skin, but medical treatments are required for impaired wound healing. Recently, conservative treatments utilizing scaffolds have attracted attention as alternatives to surgical therapy, which is highly invasive. Against this background, numerous scaffolds are available in a clinical setting, although they have not surpassed surgery because of their distinct disadvantages. Here, we discuss the plasticity of BMDCs in the skin to maintain homeostasis, in addition to their critical roles on recovery from disrupted homeostasis. We also share our perspective on how scaffolds can be developed to establish scaffolds beyond surgery to regenerate skin structure during wound healing by maximally utilizing the plasticity of BMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Okano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Development, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Development, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Department of Biocommunication Development, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Wu J, Niu L, Yang K, Xu J, Zhang D, Ling J, Xia P, Wu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang J, Yu P. The role and mechanism of RNA-binding proteins in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102234. [PMID: 38367813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent chronic metabolic bone disease that poses a significant risk of fractures or mortality in elderly individuals. Its pathophysiological basis is often attributed to postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and natural aging, making the progression of primary osteoporosis among elderly people, especially older women, seemingly inevitable. The treatment and prevention of osteoporosis progression have been extensively discussed. Recently, as researchers delve deeper into the molecular biological mechanisms of bone remodeling, they have come to realize the crucial role of posttranscriptional gene control in bone metabolism homeostasis. RNA-binding proteins, as essential actors in posttranscriptional activities, may exert influence on osteoporosis progression by regulating the RNA life cycle. This review compiles recent findings on the involvement of RNA-binding proteins in abnormal bone metabolism in osteoporosis and describes the impact of some key RNA-binding proteins on bone metabolism regulation. Additionally, we explore the potential and rationale for modulating RNA-binding proteins as a means of treating osteoporosis, with an overview of drugs that target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Wu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Niu
- HuanKui College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Tao H, Li X, Wang Q, Yu L, Yang P, Chen W, Yang X, Zhou J, Geng D. Redox signaling and antioxidant defense in osteoclasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:403-414. [PMID: 38171408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is essential for the repair and replacement of damaged or aging bones. Continuous remodeling is necessary to prevent the accumulation of bone damage and to maintain bone strength and calcium balance. As bones age, the coupling mechanism between bone formation and absorption becomes dysregulated, and bone loss becomes dominant. Bone development and repair rely on interaction and communication between osteoclasts and surrounding cells. Osteoclasts are specialized cells that are accountable for bone resorption and degradation, and any abnormalities in their activity can result in notable alterations in bone structure and worsen disease symptoms. Recent findings from transgenic mouse models and bone analysis have greatly enhanced our understanding of the origin, differentiation pathway, and activation stages of osteoclasts. In this review, we explore osteoclasts and discuss the cellular and molecular events that drive their generation, focusing on intracellular oxidative and antioxidant signaling. This knowledge can help develop targeted therapies for diseases associated with osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, 242, Guangji Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, 242, Guangji Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Ghosh M, McGurk F, Norris R, Dong A, Nair S, Jellison E, Murphy P, Verma R, Shapiro LH. The Implant-Induced Foreign Body Response Is Limited by CD13-Dependent Regulation of Ubiquitination of Fusogenic Proteins. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:663-676. [PMID: 38149920 PMCID: PMC10828181 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Implanted medical devices, from artificial heart valves and arthroscopic joints to implantable sensors, often induce a foreign body response (FBR), a form of chronic inflammation resulting from the inflammatory reaction to a persistent foreign stimulus. The FBR is characterized by a subset of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) formed by macrophage fusion, the foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), accompanied by inflammatory cytokines, matrix deposition, and eventually deleterious fibrotic implant encapsulation. Despite efforts to improve biocompatibility, implant-induced FBR persists, compromising the utility of devices and making efforts to control the FBR imperative for long-term function. Controlling macrophage fusion in FBGC formation presents a logical target to prevent implant failure, but the actual contribution of FBGCs to FBR-induced damage is controversial. CD13 is a molecular scaffold, and in vitro induction of CD13KO bone marrow progenitors generates many more MGCs than the wild type, suggesting that CD13 regulates macrophage fusion. In the mesh implant model of FBR, CD13KO mice produced significantly more peri-implant FBGCs with enhanced TGF-β expression and increased collagen deposition versus the wild type. Prior to fusion, increased protrusion and microprotrusion formation accompanies hyperfusion in the absence of CD13. Expression of fusogenic proteins driving cell-cell fusion was aberrantly sustained at high levels in CD13KO MGCs, which we show is due to a novel CD13 function, to our knowledge, regulating ubiquitin/proteasomal protein degradation. We propose CD13 as a physiologic brake limiting aberrant macrophage fusion and the FBR, and it may be a novel therapeutic target to improve the success of implanted medical devices. Furthermore, our data directly implicate FBGCs in the detrimental fibrosis that characterizes the FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Fraser McGurk
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Rachael Norris
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Andy Dong
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Sreenidhi Nair
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Patrick Murphy
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Rajkumar Verma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Linda H. Shapiro
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
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11
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Yang T, Ma H, Lai H, Lu Y, Ni K, Hu X, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Li W, Fang J, Zhang Y, Chen Z, He D. Nitisinone attenuates cartilage degeneration and subchondral osteoclastogenesis in osteoarthritis and concomitantly inhibits the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176326. [PMID: 38220141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodelling. Currently, conservative treatment strategies cannot effectively alleviate the progression of OA. In this study, we used computer network analysis to show that Nitisinone (NTBC) is closely related to extracellular matrix degradation in OA and mainly interferes with the TNF-α signaling pathway. NTBC is an orphan drug used to treat hereditary type I tyrosinemia by altering phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolic flow. In this study, we found that NTBC effectively reduced chondrocyte inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation induced by TNF-α. Mechanistically, NTBC inhibited the cGAS/STING signaling pathway and reduced activation of the STING-dependent NF-κB pathway to alleviate inflammation. In addition, NTBC inhibited osteoclastogenesis and delayed the occurrence of subchondral bone remodelling. In mice with ACLT-induced osteoarthritis, intra-articular injection of NTBC significantly reduced cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodelling. NTBC showed impressive therapeutic efficacy as a potential pharmaceutical intervention for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Haiwei Ma
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Hehuan Lai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Yahong Lu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Kainan Ni
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Xingyu Hu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Yang Zhou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Weiqing Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Jiawei Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Yejin Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000.
| | - Dengwei He
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China, 323000.
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12
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Park S, Heo JS, Mizuno S, Kim M, An H, Hong E, Kang MG, Kim J, Yun R, Park H, Noh EH, Lee MJ, Yoon K, Kim P, Son M, Pang K, Lee J, Park J, Ooshima A, Kim TJ, Park JY, Yang KM, Myung SJ, Bae H, Lee KM, Letterio J, Park SH, Takahashi S, Kim SJ. Tm4sf19 deficiency inhibits osteoclast multinucleation and prevents bone loss. Metabolism 2024; 151:155746. [PMID: 38016540 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast formation and has a unique ability to resorb bone matrix. During osteoclast differentiation, the cytoskeleton reorganization results in the generation of actin belts and eventual bone resorption. Tetraspanins are involved in adhesion, migration and fusion in various cells. However, its function in osteoclast is still unclear. In this study, we identified Tm4sf19, a member of the tetraspanin family, as a regulator of osteoclast function. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigate the effect of Tm4sf19 deficiency on osteoclast differentiation using bone marrow-derived macrophages obtained from wild type (WT), Tm4sf19 knockout (KO) and Tm4sf19 LELΔ mice lacking the large extracellular loop (LEL). We analyzed bone mass of young and aged WT, KO and LELΔ mice by μCT analysis. The effects of Tm4sf19 LEL-Fc fusion protein were accessed in osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis animal model. RESULTS We found that deficiency of Tm4sf19 inhibited osteoclast function and LEL of Tm4sf19 was responsible for its function in osteoclasts in vitro. KO and LELΔ mice exhibited higher trabecular bone mass compared to WT mice. We found that Tm4sf19 interacts with integrin αvβ3 through LEL, and that this binding is important for cytoskeletal rearrangements in osteoclast by regulating signaling downstream of integrin αvβ3. Treatment with LEL-Fc fusion protein inhibited osteoclast function in vitro and administration of LEL-Fc prevented bone loss in an osteoporosis mouse model in vivo. CONCLUSION We suggest that Tm4sf19 regulates osteoclast function and that LEL-Fc may be a promising drug to target bone destructive diseases caused by osteoclast hyper-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun Heo
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Medpacto Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haein An
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Kang
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junil Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca Yun
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Pyunggang Kim
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwha Pang
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Amoris Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Akira Ooshima
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Yeon Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Letterio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medpacto Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Kloc M, Tworzydło W, Szklarzewicz T. Germline and Somatic Cell Syncytia in Insects. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:47-63. [PMID: 37996672 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Syncytia are common in the animal and plant kingdoms both under normal and pathological conditions. They form through cell fusion or division of a founder cell without cytokinesis. A particular type of syncytia occurs in invertebrate and vertebrate gametogenesis when the founder cell divides several times with partial cytokinesis producing a cyst (nest) of germ line cells connected by cytoplasmic bridges. The ultimate destiny of the cyst's cells differs between animal groups. Either all cells of the cyst become the gametes or some cells endoreplicate or polyploidize to become the nurse cells (trophocytes). Although many types of syncytia are permanent, the germ cell syncytium is temporary, and eventually, it separates into individual gametes. In this chapter, we give an overview of syncytium types and focus on the germline and somatic cell syncytia in various groups of insects. We also describe the multinuclear giant cells, which form through repetitive nuclear divisions and cytoplasm hypertrophy, but without cell fusion, and the accessory nuclei, which bud off the oocyte nucleus, migrate to its cortex and become included in the early embryonic syncytium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wacław Tworzydło
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Szklarzewicz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Merckens A, Sieler M, Keil S, Dittmar T. Altered Phenotypes of Breast Epithelial × Breast Cancer Hybrids after ZEB1 Knock-Out. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17310. [PMID: 38139138 PMCID: PMC10744253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ZEB1 plays a pivotal role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), (cancer) cell stemness and cancer therapy resistance. The M13HS tumor hybrids, which were derived from spontaneous fusion events between the M13SV1-EGFP-Neo breast epithelial cells and HS578T-Hyg breast cancer cells, express ZEB1 and exhibit prospective cancer stem cell properties. To explore a possible correlation between the ZEB1 and stemness/ EMT-related properties in M13HS tumor hybrids, ZEB1 was knocked-out by CRISPR/Cas9. Colony formation, mammosphere formation, cell migration, invasion assays, flow cytometry and Western blot analyses were performed for the characterization of ZEB1 knock-out cells. The ZEB1 knock-out in M13HS tumor cells was not correlated with the down-regulation of the EMT-related markers N-CADHERIN (CDH2) and VIMENTIN and up-regulation of miR-200c-3p. Nonetheless, both the colony formation and mammosphere formation capacities of the M13HS ZEB1 knock-out cells were markedly reduced. Interestingly, the M13HS-2 ZEB1-KO cells harbored a markedly higher fraction of ALDH1-positive cells. The Transwell/ Boyden chamber migration assay data indicated a reduced migratory activity of the M13HS ZEB1-knock-out tumor hybrids, whereas in scratch/ wound-healing assays only the M13SH-8 ZEB1-knock-out cells possessed a reduced locomotory activity. Similarly, only the M13HS-8 ZEB1-knock-out tumor hybrids showed a reduced invasion capacity. Although the ZEB1 knock-out resulted in only moderate phenotypic changes, our data support the role of ZEB1 in EMT and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
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15
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Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of Aging on Bone. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1115. [PMID: 38029404 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Khor JM, Guerrero-Santoro J, Ettensohn CA. Molecular compartmentalization in a syncytium: restricted mobility of proteins within the sea urchin skeletogenic mesenchyme. Development 2023; 150:dev201804. [PMID: 37902109 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Multinucleated cells, or syncytia, are found in diverse taxa. Their biological function is often associated with the compartmentalization of biochemical or cellular activities within the syncytium. How such compartments are generated and maintained is poorly understood. The sea urchin embryonic skeleton is secreted by a syncytium, and local patterns of skeletal growth are associated with distinct sub-domains of gene expression within the syncytium. For such molecular compartments to be maintained and to control local patterns of skeletal growth: (1) the mobility of TFs must be restricted to produce stable differences in the transcriptional states of nuclei within the syncytium; and (2) the mobility of biomineralization proteins must also be restricted to produce regional differences in skeletal growth. To test these predictions, we expressed fluorescently tagged forms of transcription factors and biomineralization proteins in sub-domains of the skeletogenic syncytium. We found that both classes of proteins have restricted mobility within the syncytium and identified motifs that limit their mobility. Our findings have general implications for understanding the functional and molecular compartmentalization of syncytia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Khor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Jennifer Guerrero-Santoro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Charles A Ettensohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
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17
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Chen S, Xing Z, Geng M, Zhao R, Yang X, Zhu X, Anderson JM, Zhang X. Macrophage fusion event as one prerequisite for inorganic nanoparticle-induced antitumor response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9871. [PMID: 37467339 PMCID: PMC10355827 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
While most nanomaterials are designed to assist tumor therapy, some inorganic nanoparticles have been reported to impede cancer development. We assume that the immune response elicited by these foreign nanoparticles might be associated with the remodeling of immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We studied representative inorganic nanoparticles widely used in the biomedical field and first demonstrated that needle-shaped hydroxyapatite (n-nHA), granule-shaped hydroxyapatite, and silicon dioxide can effectively impair tumor progression in vivo. Substantial multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were formed around these antitumor nanoparticles, while the ratio of monocytes and macrophages was decreased in the TME. We found that high expression of the STXBP6 protein induced by n-nHA-treated macrophages triggers autophagy, which markedly promotes macrophage fusion into MNGCs. In this way, extensive depletion of tumor-associated macrophages in the TME was achieved, which suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. This intrinsic antitumor immunity of inorganic nanoparticles should not be neglected when designing future nanomedicines to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhengyi Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengyu Geng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - James M. Anderson
- Departments of Pathology, Biomedical Engineering and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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18
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Kloc M, Kubiak JZ. Monocyte and Macrophage Function Diversity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012404. [PMID: 36293261 PMCID: PMC9603855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a tremendous revival of interest in monocyte and macrophages [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Giant Multinucleated Cells in Aging and Senescence-An Abridgement. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081121. [PMID: 35892977 PMCID: PMC9332840 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aging is a progressive decline of an organism over time. In contrast, senescence occurs throughout an organism’s lifespan. It is a cell-cycle arrest preventing the proliferation of damaged cells. Cellular and molecular senescence timing is crucial for the pace of aging and disease development and progression. The accumulation of senescent cells during a lifespan leads to organismal senescence. Senescent multinucleated giant cells are present in many age-related diseases and cancer. Although senescence was assumed to be irreversible, studies now show that senescent multinucleated giant cells overcome senescence in various cancers, becoming the source of highly aggressive mononucleated stem-like cells, which divide and initiate tumor development and progression. Abstract This review introduces the subject of senescence, aging, and the formation of senescent multinucleated giant cells. We define senescence and aging and describe how molecular and cellular senescence leads to organismal senescence. We review the latest information on senescent cells’ cellular and molecular phenotypes. We describe molecular and cellular features of aging and senescence and the role of multinucleated giant cells in aging-related conditions and cancer. We explain how multinucleated giant cells form and their role in aging arteries and gonads. We also describe how multinucleated giant cells and the reversibility of senescence initiate cancer and lead to cancer progression and metastasis. We also describe molecules and pathways regulating aging and senescence in model systems and their applicability to clinical therapies in age-related diseases.
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