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Josic U, Teti G, Ionescu A, Maravic T, Mazzitelli C, Cokic S, Van Meerbeek B, Falconi M, Brambilla E, Mazzoni A, Breschi L. Cytotoxicity and microbiological behavior of universal resin composite cements. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00205-7. [PMID: 39054113 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the cytotoxicity on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) biofilm formation on universal resin composite cements (UCs). METHODS Three UCs (RelyX Universal, 3 M Oral Care - RXU; Panavia SA Cement Universal, Kuraray Noritake - PSAU; SoloCem, Coltene - SCM) and one 'gold-standard' multi-step cement (Panavia V5, Kuraray Noritake - PV5) were used following two polymerization protocols (light-cured - LC; self-cured - SC). Cytotoxicity (MTT) tests were performed after 1, 3 and 7 days of direct contact. Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used to detect the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression was analyzed by IL-6 proquantum high sensitivity immunoassay. S. mutans biofilms were grown on UCs samples in a bioreactor for 24 h, then adherent viable biomass was assessed using MTT assay. For microbiological procedures, half of UCs samples underwent accelerated aging. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS The highest cytotoxicity was observed for PSAU SC, RXU SC, and PV5 SC at day 1, then for SC RXU after 3 days, and SC PSAU, LC PV5 and SCM after 1-week (p < 0.05). There was no increase in IL-6 expression after 1 day, while it increased depending on the group at 3 and 7 days. The highest ROS expression after 12 h was recorded for PSAU SC, PV5 SC and PV5 LC. Biofilm formation was as follows: RXU > > PSAU = PV5 > SCM, while light-curing systematically decreased biofilm formation (≈-33 %). Aging leveled out differences between UCs and between polymerization protocols. SIGNIFICANCE The choice of cement brand, rather than category, and polymerization protocol influence cell viability and microbiological behavior. Light-curing is beneficial for reducing the harmful pulpal effect that UCs may possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Josic
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Teti
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrei Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stevan Cokic
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugenio Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Moon HK, Won JE, Ryu JJ, Shim JS. The Effect of the Initiator/Activator/Accelerator Ratio on the Degree of Conversion, Film Thickness, Flow, and Cytotoxicity of Dual-Cured Self-Adhesive Resin Cements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3572. [PMID: 39063864 PMCID: PMC11278755 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Although self-adhesive resin cements are convenient and less technique-sensitive materials for dental clinicians, they exhibit a lower degree of conversion due to acidic components in their composition. Supplementation of the initiator, accelerator, and activator in self-adhesive resin cements has been suggested to compensate for the lower degree of conversion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different combinations of self-curing initiators, self-curing activators, and accelerators on the degree of conversion (DC) of self-adhesive resin cements. A dual-cured self-adhesive resin was prepared using six combinations of initiators, activators, and accelerators. The change in the DC over time was evaluated with and without light curing. The film thickness, flow properties, and cytotoxicity of each formulation were assessed. The results showed that all supplemental components had an effect on increasing the DC, but a greater increase in the DC was observed in the following order: activator, accelerator, and initiator. The cytotoxicity of the resin cements was related to the DC values, as resin cements with lower DC values exhibited higher cytotoxicity. The film thickness met the ISO standards for all groups. The results suggest that utilizing an activator is the most effective approach to enhance the DC in self-adhesive resin cement and that cytotoxicity tended to increase with lower DC values, whereas film thickness and flow properties demonstrated no correlation with DC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Eun Won
- Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Jun Ryu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Suk Shim
- Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Prosthodontics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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Hamdy TM. Effect of E-glass fibers addition on compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and solubility of glass ionomer based cement. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:739. [PMID: 38937723 PMCID: PMC11210041 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dentistry, glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are extensively used for a range of applications. The unique properties of GIC include fluoride ion release and recharge, chemical bonding to the tooth's hard tissues, biocompatibility, a thermal expansion coefficient like that of enamel and dentin, and acceptable aesthetics. Their high solubility and poor mechanical qualities are among their limitations. E-glass fibers are generally utilized to reinforce the polymer matrix and are identified by their higher silica content. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of adding (10 wt% and 20 wt%) silane-treated E-glass fibers to traditional GIC on its mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, and surface hardness) and solubility. METHODS The characterization of the E-glass fiber fillers was achieved by XRF, SEM, and PSD. The specimens were prepared by adding the E-glass fiber fillers to the traditional GIC at 10% and 20% by weight, forming two innovative groups, and compared with the unmodified GIC (control group). The physical properties (film thickness and initial setting time) were examined to confirm operability after mixing. The evaluation of the reinforced GIC was performed by assessing the compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and solubility (n = 10 specimens per test). A one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed for statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The traditional GIC showed the least compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and highest solubility. While the GIC reinforced with 20 wt% E-glass fibers showed the highest compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and least solubility. Meanwhile, GIC reinforced with 10 wt% showed intermediate results (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Using 20 wt% E-glass fiber as a filler with the traditional GIC provides a strengthening effect and reduced solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
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Almoammar S, Kamran MA, Alnazeh AA, Almagbol M, Al Jearah MM, Mannakandath ML. Orthodontic adhesive loaded with different proportions of ZrO 2 silver-doped nanoparticles: An in vitro μTBS, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and antimicrobial analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1146-1156. [PMID: 38278778 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Zirconium dioxide silver-doped nanoparticles (ZrO2AgDNPs) impacts the adhesive material in terms of its physical characteristics, antimicrobial properties, degree of conversion (DC), and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface. A comprehensive methodological analysis utilizing a range of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, DC analysis, and μTBS testing. A light-curable orthodontic adhesive, specifically Transbond XT, was combined with ZrO2AgDNPs at 2.5% and 5%. As a control, an adhesive with no incorporation of ZrO2AgDNPs was also prepared. The tooth samples were divided into three groups based on the weightage of NPs: group 1: 0% ZrO2AgDNPs (control), group 2: 2.5 wt% ZrO2AgDNPs, and group 3: 5 wt% ZrO2AgDNPs. EDX graph demonstrated silver (Ag), Zirconium (Zr), and Oxygen (O2), The antibacterial efficacy of adhesives with different concentrations of NPs (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) was assessed using the pour plate method. The FTIR spectra were analyzed to identify peaks at 1607 cm-1 corresponding to aromatic CC bonds and the peaks at 1638 cm-1 indicating the presence of aliphatic CC bonds. The μTBS was assessed using universal testing machine (UTM) and bond failure of orthodontic brackets was seen using adhesive remanent index (ARI) analysis. Kruskal-Wallis test assessed the disparities in survival rates of Streptococcus mutans. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons test calculated μTBS values. The lowest μTBS was observed in group 1 adhesive loaded with 0% ZrO2AgDNPs (21.25 ± 1.22 MPa). Whereas, the highest μTBS was found in group 3 (26.19 ± 1.07 MPa) adhesive loaded with 5% ZrO2AgDNPs. ZrO2AgDNPs in orthodontic adhesive improved μTBS and has acceptable antibacterial activity against S mutans. ZrO2AgDNPs at 5% by weight can be used in orthodontic adhesive alternative to the conventional method of orthodontic adhesive for bracket bonding. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The highest μTBS was found in orthodontic adhesive loaded with 5% ZrO2AgDNPs. ARI analysis indicates that the majority of the failures fell between 0 and 1 among all investigated groups. The colony-forming unit count of S. mutans was significantly less in orthodontic adhesive loaded with nanoparticles compared with control. The 0% ZrO2AgDNPs adhesive showed the highest DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alnazeh
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Almagbol
- Department of Community and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Master Luqman Mannakandath
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Nica I, Nedeff F, Nedeff V, Popa C, Toma ȘL, Agop M, Vasincu D. The Cracking Behavior of Two Dental Composite Materials Validated through Multifractal Analyzes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076493. [PMID: 37047465 PMCID: PMC10095466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze, both experimentally and theoretically, the mechanical behavior of two types of composite materials used in restoring dental integrity. The samples of each composite resin, namely Filtek Supreme XT (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), were experimentally analyzed by determining their compressive strength and fracture behavior. The fractured fragments of the samples were subjected to surface evaluation by scanning electron microscopy. The compressive stress-compressive strain dependencies revealed stronger cracking of the Filtek Supreme XT composite than Filtek Z250 prior to fracture. Theoretically, the evaluation was made by means of holographic implementations of such types of composite materials. A Hooke-type equation in a differential form is presented, which links the proposed theoretical model with the experimentally obtained data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nica
- Department of Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Prosthesis, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Nedeff
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania
| | - Valentin Nedeff
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania
| | - Cristina Popa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ștefan Lucian Toma
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Security, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maricel Agop
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Machine Manufacturing and Industrial Management, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Decebal Vasincu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Grachev DI, Chizhmakov EA, Stepanov DY, Buslovich DG, Khulaev IV, Deshev AV, Kirakosyan LG, Arutyunov AS, Kardanova SY, Panin KS, Panin SV. Dental Material Selection for the Additive Manufacturing of Removable Complete Dentures (RCD). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076432. [PMID: 37047405 PMCID: PMC10094705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This research addresses the development of a formalized approach to dental material selection (DMS) in manufacturing removable complete dentures (RDC). Three types of commercially available polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) grades, processed by an identical Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer, were compared. In this way, a combination of mechanical, tribological, technological, microbiological, and economic factors was assessed. The material indices were calculated to compare dental materials for a set of functional parameters related to feedstock cost. However, this did not solve the problem of simultaneous consideration of all the material indices, including their significance. The developed DMS procedure employs the extended VIKOR method, based on the analysis of interval quantitative estimations, which allowed the carrying out of a fully fledged analysis of alternatives. The proposed approach has the potential to enhance the efficiency of prosthetic treatment by optimizing the DMS procedure, taking into consideration the prosthesis design and its production route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Grachev
- Digital Dentistry Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Chizhmakov
- Prosthodontics Technology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu. Stepanov
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Polymer Composite Materials, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry G. Buslovich
- Laboratory of Nanobioengineering, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ibragim V. Khulaev
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kabardino-Balkarian State University Named after H.M. Berbekov, 360004 Nalchik, Russia
| | - Aslan V. Deshev
- Laboratory of Digital Dentistry, Kabardino-Balkarian State University Named after H.M. Berbekov, 360004 Nalchik, Russia
| | - Levon G. Kirakosyan
- Digital Dentistry Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly S. Arutyunov
- Prosthodontics Technology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Yu. Kardanova
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kabardino-Balkarian State University Named after H.M. Berbekov, 360004 Nalchik, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Panin
- Department of Chemical Physics, Institute for Laser and Plasma Technologies, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Panin
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Polymer Composite Materials, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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