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Cheng L, Tu G, Ma H, Zhang K, Wang X, Zhou H, Gao J, Zhou J, Yu Y, Xu Q. Alternative splicing of CsbHLH133 regulates geraniol biosynthesis in tea plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39207906 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Geraniol is one of the most abundant aromatic compounds in fresh tea leaves and contributes to the pleasant odor of tea products. Additionally, it functions as an airborne signal that interacts with other members of the ecosystem. To date, the regulation of the geraniol biosynthesis in tea plants remains to be investigated. In this study, a correlation test of the content of geraniol and its glycosides with gene expression data revealed that nudix hydrolase, CsNudix26, and its transcription factor, CsbHLH133 are involved in geraniol biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme assays and metabolic analyses of genetically modified tea plants confirmed that CsNudix26 is responsible for the formation of geraniol. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, and EMSA assays were used to verify the binding of CsbHLH133 to the CsNudix26 promoter. Overexpression of CsbHLH133 in tea leaves enhanced CsNudix26 expression and geraniol accumulation, whereas CsbHLH133 silencing reduced CsNudix26 transcript levels and geraniol content. Interestingly, CsbHLH133-AS, produced by alternative splicing, was discovered and proved to be the primary transcript expressed in response to various environmental stresses. Furthermore, geraniol release was found to be affected by various factors that alter the expression patterns of CsbHLH133 and CsbHLH133-AS. Our findings indicate that distinct transcript splicing patterns of CsbHLH133 regulate geraniol biosynthesis in tea plants in response to different regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gefei Tu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huicong Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haozhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Li D, Jia C, Lin G, Dang J, Liu C, Wu Q. Impact of Methyl Jasmonate on Terpenoid Biosynthesis and Functional Analysis of Sesquiterpene Synthesis Genes in Schizonepeta tenuifolia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1920. [PMID: 39065447 PMCID: PMC11280979 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the volatile oil composition of Schizonepeta tenuifolia and elucidates the function of the StTPS45 gene, a key player in terpenoid biosynthesis. The effect of different concentrations of MeJA (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 μmol/L) on the growth of S. tenuifolia adventitious bud clusters was analyzed over a 20 d period. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 17 compounds were identified from the adventitious bud clusters of S. tenuifolia. Significant changes in the levels of major monoterpenes, including increased contents of (+)-limonene and (+)-menthone, were observed, particularly at higher concentrations of MeJA. Analysis of transcriptome data from three groups treated with 0, 100, and 300 μmol/L MeJA revealed significant changes in the gene expression profiles following MeJA treatment. At 100 μmol/L MeJA, most terpene synthase (TPS) genes were overexpressed. Additionally, gene expression and functional predictions suggested that StTPS45 acts as germacrene D synthase. Therefore, StTPS45 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and enzyme activity assays confirmed its function as a germacrene D synthase. Molecular docking and structural prediction of StTPS45 further suggested specific interactions with farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), aligning with its role in the terpenoid synthesis pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into the modulation of secondary metabolite pathways by jasmonate signaling and underscore the potential of genetic engineering approaches to enhance the production of specific terpenoids in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishuai Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Congling Jia
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Guyin Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jingjie Dang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Chanchan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.L.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (D.L.); (C.J.); (G.L.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhou Y, Li X, Wang D, Yu Z, Liu Y, Hu L, Bian Z. Identification of Transcription Factors of Santalene Synthase Gene Promoters and SaSSY Cis-Elements through Yeast One-Hybrid Screening in Santalum album L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1882. [PMID: 38999721 PMCID: PMC11244121 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The main components of sandalwood heartwood essential oil are terpenoids, approximately 80% of which are α-santalol and β-santalol. In the synthesis of the main secondary metabolites of sandalwood heartwood, the key gene, santalene synthase (SaSSY), can produce α-santalene and β-santalene by catalyzed (E, E)-FPP. Furthermore, santalene is catalyzed by the cytochrome monooxygenase SaCYP736A167 to form sandalwood essential oil, which then produces a fragrance. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism of the key gene santalene synthase remains unclear. In this study, SaSSY (Sal3G10690) promoter transcription factors and SaSSY cis-elements were screened. The results showed that the titer of the sandalwood cDNA library was 1.75 × 107 CFU/mL, 80% of the inserted fragments identified by PCR were over 750 bp in length, and the positivity rate of the library was greater than 90%. The promoter region of the SaSSY gene was shown to have the structural basis for potential regulatory factor binding. After sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we successfully obtained 51 positive clones and identified four potential SaSSY transcriptional regulators. Sal6G03620 was annotated as the transcription factor MYB36-like, and Sal8G07920 was annotated as the small heat shock protein HSP20 in sandalwood. Sal1G00910 was annotated as a hypothetical protein of sandalwood. Sal4G10880 was annotated as a homeobox-leucine zipper protein (ATHB-15) in sandalwood. In this study, a cDNA library of sandalwood was successfully constructed using a yeast one-hybrid technique, and the transcription factors that might interact with SaSSY gene promoters were screened. This study provides a foundation for exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism involved in the formation of sandalwood heartwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zhou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zequn Yu
- Shanghai Gardening-Landscaping Construction Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Yunshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Lipan Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Zhan Bian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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4
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Bergman ME, Kortbeek RWJ, Gutensohn M, Dudareva N. Plant terpenoid biosynthetic network and its multiple layers of regulation. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101287. [PMID: 38906423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ruy W J Kortbeek
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael Gutensohn
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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5
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Huang D, Zheng D, Sun C, Fu M, Wu Y, Wang H, Yu J, Yang Y, Li Y, Wan X, Chen Q. Combined multi-omics approach to analyze the flavor characteristics and formation mechanism of gabaron green tea. Food Chem 2024; 445:138620. [PMID: 38382249 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Gabaron green tea (GAGT) has unique flavor and health benefits through the special anaerobic treatment. However, how this composite processing affects the aroma formation of GAGT and the regulatory mechanism was rarely reported. This study used nontargeted metabolomics and molecular sensory science to overlay screen differential metabolites and key aroma contributors. The potential regulatory mechanism of anaerobic treatment on the aroma formation of GAGT was investigated by transcriptomics and correlation analyses. Five volatiles: benzeneacetaldehyde, nonanal, geraniol, linalool, and linalool oxide III, were screened as target metabolites. Through the transcriptional-level differential genes screening and analysis, some CsERF transcription factors in the ethylene signaling pathway were proposed might participate the response to the anaerobic treatment. They might regulate the expression of related genes in the metabolic pathway of the target metabolites thus affecting the GAGT flavor. The findings of this study provide novel information on the flavor and its formation of GAGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chenyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Maoyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jieyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yunqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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6
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Zhang Z, Gao L, Tao L, Wu T, Suo J, Hu Y, Yu W, Wu J, Song L. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolites and Transcriptome Profiling Reveal Molecular Mechanisms and Differences in Terpene Biosynthesis in Two Torrya grandis Cultivars during Postharvest Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5581. [PMID: 38891770 PMCID: PMC11171539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpene aroma compounds are key quality attributes of postharvest Torreya grandis nuts, contributing to their commercial value. However, terpene biosynthesis and regulatory networks in different T. grandis cvs. are still poorly understood. Here, chief cvs. 'Xi Fei' and 'Xiangya Fei' were investigated for their differences in terpene biosynthesis and gene expression levels during postharvest ripening using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and transcriptomic datasets. A total of 28 and 22 aroma compounds were identified in 'Xi Fei' and 'Xiangya Fei', respectively. Interestingly, differences in aroma composition between the two cvs. were mostly attributed to D-limonene and α-pinene levels as key determinants in Torreya nuts' flavor. Further, transcriptome profiling, correlation analysis, and RT-qPCR annotated two novel genes, TgTPS1 in 'Xi Fei' and TgTPS2 in 'Xiangya Fei', involved in terpene biosynthesis. In addition, six transcription factors (TFs) with comparable expression patterns to TgTPS1 and four TFs to TgTPS2 were identified via correlation analysis of a volatile and transcriptome dataset to be involved in terpene biosynthesis. Our study provides novel insight into terpene biosynthesis and its regulation at the molecular level in T. grandis nut and presents a valuable reference for metabolic engineering and aroma improvement in this less explored nut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (L.T.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (Y.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (L.T.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (Y.H.); (W.Y.)
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An X, Liao Y, Yu Y, Fan J, Wan J, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. Effects of MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 transcription factors on the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in l-menthol chemotype of Mentha haplocalyx Briq. PLANTA 2024; 260:3. [PMID: 38767800 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Transcription factors MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 correlate with monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in l-menthol chemotype of Mentha haplocalyx Briq, which could affect the contents of ( -)-menthol and ( -)-menthone. Mentha haplocalyx Briq., a plant with traditional medicinal and edible uses, is renowned for its rich essential oil content. The distinct functional activities and aromatic flavors of mint essential oils arise from various chemotypes. While the biosynthetic pathways of the main monoterpenes in mint are well understood, the regulatory mechanisms governing different chemotypes remain inadequately explored. In this investigation, we identified and cloned two transcription factor genes from the M. haplocalyx MYB family, namely MhMYB1 (PP236792) and MhMYB2 (PP236793), previously identified by our research group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MhMYB1 possesses two conserved MYB domains, while MhMYB2 contains a conserved SANT domain. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) analysis results demonstrated that both MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 interacted with the promoter regions of MhMD and MhPR, critical enzymes in the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway of M. haplocalyx. Subsequent virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 led to a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the relative expression levels of MhMD and MhPR genes in the VIGS groups of M. haplocalyx. In addition, there was a noteworthy decrease (P < 0.05) in the contents of ( -)-menthol and ( -)-menthone in the essential oil of M. haplocalyx. These findings suggest that MhMYB1 and MhMYB2 transcription factors play a positive regulatory role in ( -)-menthol biosynthesis, consequently influencing the essential oil composition in the l-menthol chemotype of M. haplocalyx. This study serves as a pivotal foundation for unraveling the regulatory mechanisms governing monoterpenoid biosynthesis in different chemotypes of M. haplocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yangzhen Liao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jiahe Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jingqiong Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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8
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Tian D, Huang G, Ren L, Li Y, Yu J, Lu Q, Yang Y, Deng X, Li Y, Zhou H. Effects of Monascus purpureus on ripe Pu-erh tea in different fermentation methods and identification of characteristic volatile compounds. Food Chem 2024; 440:138249. [PMID: 38183708 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the key volatile compounds (VCs) that lead to the formation of characteristic flavors in ripe Pu-erh tea (RIPT) fermented by Monascus purpureus (M. purpureus). Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed for a comprehensive analysis of the VCs present in RIPT fermented via different methods and were further identified by odor activity value (OAV). The VCs 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene, (E)-linalool oxide (pyranoid), methyl salicylate, linalool, β-ionone, β-damascenone were the key characteristic VCs of RIPT fermented by M. purpureus. OAV and Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) further indicated that β-damascenone was the highest contribution VCs to the characteristic flavor of RIPT fermented by M. purpureus. This study reveals the specificities and contributions of VCs present in RIPT under different fermentation methods, thus providing new insights into the influence of microorganisms on RIPT flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | | | - Ling Ren
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yuanda Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Juan Yu
- College of Pu-erh tea,West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yingyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xiujuan Deng
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - Yali Li
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - Hongjie Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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9
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Kong CH, Li Z, Li FL, Xia XX, Wang P. Chemically Mediated Plant-Plant Interactions: Allelopathy and Allelobiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:626. [PMID: 38475470 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant-plant interactions are a central driver for plant coexistence and community assembly. Chemically mediated plant-plant interactions are represented by allelopathy and allelobiosis. Both allelopathy and allelobiosis are achieved through specialized metabolites (allelochemicals or signaling chemicals) produced and released from neighboring plants. Allelopathy exerts mostly negative effects on the establishment and growth of neighboring plants by allelochemicals, while allelobiosis provides plant neighbor detection and identity recognition mediated by signaling chemicals. Therefore, plants can chemically affect the performance of neighboring plants through the allelopathy and allelobiosis that frequently occur in plant-plant intra-specific and inter-specific interactions. Allelopathy and allelobiosis are two probably inseparable processes that occur together in plant-plant chemical interactions. Here, we comprehensively review allelopathy and allelobiosis in plant-plant interactions, including allelopathy and allelochemicals and their application for sustainable agriculture and forestry, allelobiosis and plant identity recognition, chemically mediated root-soil interactions and plant-soil feedback, and biosynthesis and the molecular mechanisms of allelochemicals and signaling chemicals. Altogether, these efforts provide the recent advancements in the wide field of allelopathy and allelobiosis, and new insights into the chemically mediated plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng-Li Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xia
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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10
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Yao S, Tan X, Huang D, Li L, Chen J, Ming R, Huang R, Yao C. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis provides insights into aromatic volatiles formation in Cinnamomum cassia bark at different harvesting times. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38308239 PMCID: PMC10835945 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum cassia Presl, classified in the Lauraceae family, is widely used as a spice, but also in medicine, cosmetics, and food. Aroma is an important factor affecting the medicinal and flavoring properties of C. cassia, and is mainly determined by volatile organic compounds (VOCs); however, little is known about the composition of aromatic VOCs in C. cassia and their potential molecular regulatory mechanisms. Here, integrated transcriptomic and volatile metabolomic analyses were employed to provide insights into the formation regularity of aromatic VOCs in C. cassia bark at five different harvesting times. RESULTS The bark thickness and volatile oil content were significantly increased along with the development of the bark. A total of 724 differentially accumulated volatiles (DAVs) were identified in the bark samples, most of which were terpenoids. Venn analysis of the top 100 VOCs in each period showed that twenty-eight aromatic VOCs were significantly accumulated in different harvesting times. The most abundant VOC, cinnamaldehyde, peaked at 120 months after planting (MAP) and dominated the aroma qualities. Five terpenoids, α-copaene, β-bourbonene, α-cubebene, α-funebrene, and δ-cadinene, that peaked at 240 MAP could also be important in creating C. cassia's characteristic aroma. A list of 43,412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the biosynthetic pathways of aromatic VOCs were identified, including phenylpropanoids, mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP). A gene-metabolite regulatory network for terpenoid and phenylpropanoid metabolism was constructed to show the key candidate structural genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. CONCLUSIONS The results of our research revealed the composition and changes of aromatic VOCs in C. cassia bark at different harvesting stages, differentiated the characteristic aroma components of cinnamon, and illuminated the molecular mechanism of aroma formation. These foundational results will provide technical guidance for the quality breeding of C. cassia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochang Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaoming Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ding Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Linshuang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ruhong Ming
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Rongshao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Resources, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Chun Yao
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Chai K, Chen S, Wang P, Kong W, Ma X, Zhang X. Multiomics Analysis Reveals the Genetic Basis of Volatile Terpenoid Formation in Oolong Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19888-19899. [PMID: 38048088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Oolong tea has gained great popularity in China due to its pleasant floral and fruity aromas. Although numerous studies have investigated the aroma differences across various tea cultivars, the genetic mechanism is unclear. This study performed multiomics analysis of three varieties suitable for oolong tea and three others with different processing suitability. Our analysis revealed that oolong tea varieties contained higher levels of cadinane sesquiterpenoids. PanTFBS was developed to identify variants of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). We found that the CsDCS gene had two TFBS variants in the promoter sequence and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding sequence. Integrating data on genetic variations, gene expression, and protein-binding sites indicated that CsDCS might be a pivotal gene involved in the biosynthesis of cadinane sesquiterpenoids. These findings advance our understanding of the genetic factors involved in the aroma formation of oolong tea and offer insights into the enhancement of tea aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chai
- College of Life Science, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weilong Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- College of Life Science, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
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12
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Liu H, Wu Y, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Liu R, Pang Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Nie J. Varietal Authenticity Assessment of QTMJ Tea Using Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Multi-Elemental Analysis with Chemometrics. Foods 2023; 12:4114. [PMID: 38002172 PMCID: PMC10670169 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a combination of non-targeted metabolomics and multi-element analysis was used to investigate the impact of five different cultivars on the sensory quality of QTMJ tea and identify candidate markers for varietal authenticity assessment. With chemometric analysis, a total of 54 differential metabolites were screened, with the abundances significantly varied in the tea cultivars. By contrast, the QTMJ tea from the Yaoshan Xiulv (XL) monovariety presents a much better sensory quality as result of the relatively more abundant anthocyanin glycosides and the lower levels of 2'-o-methyladenosine, denudatine, kynurenic acid and L-pipecolic acid. In addition, multi-elemental analysis found 14 significantly differential elements among the cultivars (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05). The differences and correlations of metabolites and elemental signatures of QTMJ tea between five cultivars were discussed using a Pearson correlation analysis. Element characteristics can be used as the best discriminant index for different cultivars of QTMJT, with a predictive accuracy of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuxin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Renjun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuelan Pang
- Guangxi Research Institute of Tea Science, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangxi Research Institute of Tea Science, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jinfang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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He H, Li Q, Fang L, Yang W, Xu F, Yan Y, Mao R. Comprehensive analysis of NAC transcription factors in Scutellaria baicalensis and their response to exogenous ABA and GA 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125290. [PMID: 37302633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The NAC is a plant-specific family of transcription factor that plays important roles in various biological processes. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, belongs to the Lamiaceae family and has been widely used as a traditional herb with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, heat-clearing, and detoxifying functions. However, no study on the NAC family in S. baicalensis has been conducted to date. In the present study, we identified 56 SbNAC genes using genomic and transcriptome analyses. These 56 SbNACs were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes and were phylogenetically divided into six clusters. Cis-element analysis identified plant growth and development-, phytohormone-, light-, and stress-responsive elements were present in SbNAC genes promoter regions. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed using Arabidopsis homologous proteins. Potential transcription factors, including bHLH, ERF, MYB, WRKY, and bZIP, were identified and constructed a regulatory network with SbNAC genes. The expression of 12 flavonoid biosynthetic genes was significantly upregulated with abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA3) treatments. Eight SbNAC genes (SbNAC9/32/33/40/42/43/48/50) also exhibited notable variation with two phytohormone treatments, among which SbNAC9 and SbNAC43 showed the most significant variation and deserved further study. Additionally, SbNAC44 displayed a positive correlation with C4H3, PAL5, OMT3, and OMT6, while SbNAC25 had negatively correlated with OMT2, CHI, F6H2, and FNSII-2. This study constitutes the first analysis of SbNAC genes and lays the basis foundation for further functional studies of SbNAC genes family members, while it may also facilitate the genetic improvement of plants and breeding of elite S. baicalensis varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feican Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renjun Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
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