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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Jia Y, Zhang X, Han Y, Lu P, Yuan H. Mediation Mendelian randomisation study on the effects of shift work on coronary heart disease and traditional risk factors via gut microbiota. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04110. [PMID: 38803204 PMCID: PMC11130565 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) related to jobs involving shift work (JSW), but the causality of and mechanism underlying such a relationship remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between JSW and CHD, investigating both causality and potential mediating factors. Methods We performed univariate, multivariate, and mediation Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using data from large genome-wide association studies focussed on JSW and CHD, as well as data on some CHD risk factors (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and lipids measurement) and 196 gut microbiota taxa. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with JSW acted as instrument variables. We used inverse-variance weighting as the primary method of analysis. Results Bidirectional MR analysis indicated a robust effect of JSW on increased CHD risk; however, the existence of CHD did not affect the choice of JSW. We identified a mediating effects of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in this relationship, accounting for 11.89% and 14.80% of the total effect of JSW on CHD, respectively. JSW were also causally associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension and had an effect on nine microbial taxa. The mediating influence of the Eubacterium brachy group at the genus level explained 16.64% of the total effect of JSW on hypertension. We found limited evidence for the causal effect of JSW on obesity and lipids measurements. Conclusions Our findings suggest a causal effect of JSW on CHD, diabetes, and hypertension. We also found evidence for a significant connection between JSW and alterations in the gut microbiota. Considering that certain microbial taxa mediated the effect of JSW on hypertension risk, targeting gut microbiota through therapeutics could potentially mitigate high risks of hypertension and CHD associated with JSW.
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Li J, Yang L, Yao Y, Gu P, Xie Y, Yin H, Xue M, Jiang Y, Dai J, Ma J. Associations between long-term night shift work and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study of 277,059 UK Biobank participants. BMC Med 2024; 22:16. [PMID: 38225649 PMCID: PMC10790498 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of night shifts and their interactions with genetic factors on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we aim to investigate relationships between long-term night shift work exposure and COPD risk, and assess modification effects of genetic predisposition. METHODS A total of 277,059 subjects who were in paid employment or self-employed were included in the UK Biobank. Information on current and lifetime employment was obtained, and a weighted COPD-specific genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed. We used Cox proportional hazard models to investigate associations between night shift work and COPD risk, and their interaction with COPD-specific GRS. RESULTS The cohort study included 277,059 participants (133,063 men [48.03%]; mean [SD] age, 52.71 [7.08] years). During a median follow-up of 12.87 years, we documented 6558 incidents of COPD. From day work, irregular night shifts to regular night shifts, there was an increased trend in COPD incidence (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with day workers, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of COPD was 1.28 (1.20, 1.37) for subjects with rarely/sometimes night shifts and 1.49 (1.35, 1.66) for those with permanent night shifts. Besides, the longer durations (especially in subjects with night shifts ≥ 10 years) and increasing monthly frequency of night shifts (in workers with > 8 nights/month) were associated with a higher COPD risk. Additionally, there was an additive interaction between night shifts and genetic susceptibility on the COPD risk. Subjects with permanent night shifts and high genetic risk had the highest risk of COPD (HR: 1.90 [95% CI: 1.63, 2.22]), with day workers with low genetic risk as a reference. CONCLUSIONS Long-term night shift exposure is associated with a higher risk of COPD. Our findings suggest that decreasing the frequency and duration of night shifts may offer a promising approach to mitigating respiratory disease incidence in night shift workers, particularly in light of individual susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liangle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yujia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyue Xue
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T3L9, Canada
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianghong Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China.
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Shafer BM, Kogan SA, McHill AW. Pressure Building Against the Clock: The Impact of Circadian Misalignment on Blood Pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:31-42. [PMID: 37837518 PMCID: PMC10916535 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Misalignment between the endogenous biological timing system and behavioral activities (i.e., sleep/wake, eating, activity) contributes to adverse cardiovascular health. In this review, we discuss the effects of recurring circadian misalignment on blood pressure regulation and the implications for hypertension development. Additionally, we highlight emerging therapeutic approaches designed to mitigate the negative cardiovascular consequences elicited by circadian disruption. RECENT FINDINGS Circadian misalignment elicited by work schedules that require individuals to be awake during the biological night (i.e., shift work) alters 24-h blood pressure rhythms. Mechanistically, circadian misalignment appears to alter blood pressure via changes in autonomic nervous system balance, variations to sodium retention, dysregulation of endothelial vasodilatory responsiveness, and activation of proinflammatory mechanisms. Recurring circadian misalignment produced by a mismatch in sleep timing on free days vs. work days (i.e., social jetlag) appears to have no direct effects on prevailing blood pressure levels in healthy adults; though, circadian disruptions resulting from social jetlag may increase the risk of hypertension through enhanced sympathetic activation and/or obesity. Furthermore, social jetlag assessment may be a useful metric in shift work populations where the magnitude of circadian misalignment may be greater than in the general population. Circadian misalignment promotes unfavorable changes to 24-h blood pressure rhythms, most notably in shift working populations. While light therapy, melatonin supplementation, and the timing of drug administration may improve cardiovascular outcomes, interventions designed to target the effects of circadian misalignment on blood pressure regulation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Shafer
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sophia A Kogan
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Gupta D, Mohan L, Goel A, Kathrotia R. Evaluation of the Diurnal Cycle of Blood Pressure and Sleep in Shift Workers. Cureus 2023; 15:e48029. [PMID: 38034193 PMCID: PMC10687815 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian misalignment of physiological factors in shift workers is poorly studied in the Indian population. In the present study, 24-hour blood pressure measurements were taken on the same subject twice, once during his morning and night shifts. Sleep was also monitored by a self-reported sleep diary, which was confirmed with an activity monitor, and the sleep quality was assessed using sleep questionnaires. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover the pattern of blood pressure variation, the dipping and non-dipping status, and its correlation with sleep. METHODOLOGY This observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, from April 2019 to September 2019, among security guards working rotating shifts in the Rishikesh hospital premises. Participants were given an activity sheet with instructions to document their daily activities for a complete 24-hour period on the designated measurement day, including recording the time of waking up and going to sleep. A wrist-worn activity monitor was utilised to assess the self-reported sleep duration provided by each participant on the activity sheet. RESULTS The present study showed the mean age of the participants as 27.03 ± 2.71 years, along with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.10 ± 1.64. Sleep duration was significantly higher during the morning shift (5.81 ± 1.08 hours) compared to the night shift (4.02 ± 1.70 hours) on the day of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recording. The mean difference in systolic blood pressure between night shift workers between their awake and sleep periods was 15.91 ± 8.44 mmHg. However, no statistically significant disparity was seen when comparing the systolic blood pressure at the 24-hour mark during wakefulness and sleep between those working morning and night shifts (p >0.05). CONCLUSION The current study's findings indicate that participation in shift work, particularly night shift work, could potentially play a role in the emergence of irregular circadian blood pressure patterns and potentially lead to a lack of nocturnal blood pressure decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
- Physiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Latika Mohan
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Arun Goel
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Rajesh Kathrotia
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
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