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Bruschi C, Gui X, Rauthe P, Fuhr O, Unterreiner AN, Klopper W, Bizzarri C. Dual Role of a Novel Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complex in Visible-Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400765. [PMID: 38742808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A novel mononuclear Cu(I) complex was synthesized via coordination with a benzoquinoxalin-2'-one-1,2,3-triazole chelating diimine and the bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEPhos), to target a new and efficient photosensitizer for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The Cu(I) complex absorbs in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum, with a broad band having a maximum at 475 nm (ϵ =4500 M-1 cm-1), which is assigned to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition from the Cu(I) to the benzoquinoxalin-2'-one moiety of the diimine. Surprisingly, photo-driven experiments for the CO2 reduction showed that this complex can undergo a photoinduced electron transfer with a sacrificial electron donor and accumulate electrons on the diimine backbone. Photo-driven experiments in a CO2 atmosphere revealed that this complex can not only act as a photosensitizer, when combined with an Fe(III)-porphyrin, but can also selectively produce CO from CO2. Thus, owing to its charge-accumulation properties, the non-innocent benzoquinoxalin-2-one based ligand enabled the development of the first copper(I)-based photocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bruschi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pascal Rauthe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology., Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology., Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Kearney L, Brandon MP, Coleman A, Chippindale AM, Hartl F, Lalrempuia R, Pižl M, Pryce MT. Ligand-Structure Effects on N-Heterocyclic Carbene Rhenium Photo- and Electrocatalysts of CO 2 Reduction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104149. [PMID: 37241890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three novel rhenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, [Re]-NHC-1-3 ([Re] = fac-Re(CO)3Br), were synthesized and characterized using a range of spectroscopic techniques. Photophysical, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies were carried out to probe the properties of these organometallic compounds. Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2 bear a phenanthrene backbone on an imidazole (NHC) ring, coordinating to Re by both the carbene C and a pyridyl group attached to one of the imidazole nitrogen atoms. Re-NHC-2 differs from Re-NHC-1 by replacing N-H with an N-benzyl group as the second substituent on imidazole. The replacement of the phenanthrene backbone in Re-NHC-2 with the larger pyrene gives Re-NHC-3. The two-electron electrochemical reductions of Re-NHC-2 and Re-NHC-3 result in the formation of the five-coordinate anions that are capable of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. These catalysts are formed first at the initial cathodic wave R1, and then, ultimately, via the reduction of Re-Re bound dimer intermediates at the second cathodic wave R2. All three Re-NHC-1-3 complexes are active photocatalysts for the transformation of CO2 to CO, with the most photostable complex, Re-NHC-3, being the most effective for this conversion. Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2 afforded modest CO turnover numbers (TONs), following irradiation at 355 nm, but were inactive at the longer irradiation wavelength of 470 nm. In contrast, Re-NHC-3, when photoexcited at 470 nm, yielded the highest TON in this study, but remained inactive at 355 nm. The luminescence spectrum of Re-NHC-3 is red-shifted compared to those of Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2, and previously reported similar [Re]-NHC complexes. This observation, together with TD-DFT calculations, suggests that the nature of the lowest-energy optical excitation for Re-NHC-3 has π→π*(NHC-pyrene) and dπ(Re)→π*(pyridine) (IL/MLCT) character. The stability and superior photocatalytic performance of Re-NHC-3 are attributed to the extended conjugation of the π-electron system, leading to the beneficial modulation of the strongly electron-donating tendency of the NHC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kearney
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Coleman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann M Chippindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Martin Pižl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Müller AV, Faustino LA, de Oliveira KT, Patrocinio AOT, Polo AS. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by Re(I) Photocatalysts with N-Heterocyclic Substituents. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V. Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC─UFABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, 09210-580Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. Faustino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia─UFU, Av. João Naves de Ávila 212, 38400-902Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio O. T. Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia─UFU, Av. João Naves de Ávila 212, 38400-902Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André S. Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC─UFABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, 09210-580Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Nugegoda D, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP, Delcamp JH. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Complexes in a Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18802-18809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Nugegoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 322 Coulter Hall, University Park 38677, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 S-3, Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 S-3, Belgium
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 322 Coulter Hall, University Park 38677, Mississippi, United States
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Friães S, Realista S, Mourão H, Royo B. N‐Heterocyclic and Mesoionic Carbenes of Manganese and Rhenium in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Royo
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras PORTUGAL
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Das S, Nugegoda D, Yao W, Qu F, Figgins MT, Lamb RW, Webster CE, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Sensitized and Self‐Sensitized Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Under Visible Light with Ruthenium Catalysts Shows Enhancements with More Conjugated Pincer Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Das
- The University of Alabama Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Wenzhi Yao
- The University of Alabama Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Fengrui Qu
- The University of Alabama Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth T Papish
- University of Alabama Chemistry 250 Hackberry Lane 35401 Tuscaloosa UNITED STATES
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7
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Highly active electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with manganese N-heterocyclic carbene pincer by para electronic tuning. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Shirley H, Sexton TM, Liyanage NP, Perkins MA, Autry SA, McNamara LE, Hammer NI, Parkin SR, Tschumper GS, Delcamp JH. Probing the Effects of Electron Deficient Aryl Substituents and a π‐System Extended NHC Ring on the Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction Reaction with Re‐pyNHC‐Aryl Complexes**. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Thomas More Sexton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Nalaka P. Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Morgan A. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Shane A. Autry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Louis E. McNamara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Nathan I. Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky 125 Chemistry/Physics Building Lexington KY 40506–0055 USA
| | - Gregory S. Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
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Stout MJ, Skelton BW, Sobolev AN, Raiteri P, Massi M, Simpson PV. Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Bound to Thione and Thiazol-2-ylidene Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Stout
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences and CMCA, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences and CMCA, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation and School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter V. Simpson
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Shirley H, Sexton TM, Liyanage NP, Palmer CZ, McNamara LE, Hammer NI, Tschumper GS, Delcamp JH. Effect of “X” Ligands on the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO
2
to CO with Re(pyridylNHC‐CF
3
)(CO)
3
X Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
| | - Thomas More Sexton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
| | - Nalaka P. Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
| | - C. Zachary Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
| | - Louis E. McNamara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
| | - Nathan I. Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
| | - Gregory S. Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall 38677 University MS USA
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11
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Das S, Rodrigues RR, Lamb RW, Qu F, Reinheimer E, Boudreaux CM, Webster CE, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Highly Active Ruthenium CNC Pincer Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8012-8020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Roberta R. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert W. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Eric Reinheimer
- Rigaku Oxford Diffraction, 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, United States
| | - Chance M. Boudreaux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Papish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Shirley H, Su X, Sanjanwala H, Talukdar K, Jurss JW, Delcamp JH. Durable Solar-Powered Systems with Ni-Catalysts for Conversion of CO2 or CO to CH4. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6617-6622. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Xiaojun Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Harshin Sanjanwala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Kallol Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jonah W. Jurss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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