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Tirtawijaya G, Lee JH, Bashir KMI, Lee HJ, Choi JS. Evaluating the Efficiency of Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Larvae in Converting Mackerel Head Waste into Valuable Resources. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1332. [PMID: 38731333 PMCID: PMC11083610 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The seafood processing industry generates significant waste, including mackerel heads (MH), constituting 20-32% of total waste. This study explored the potential of utilizing MH as a feed source for black soldier fly larvae (BSF larvae). BSF larvae are known for their ability to efficiently convert organic materials into nutrient-rich biomass. Five concentrations of MH (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% in chicken feed) were fed to BSF larvae for eight days. After harvesting, their growth, MH conversion efficiency, nutritional content, and heavy metals reduction potential were measured. BSF larvae showed optimal growth when fed with a feed containing 20% MH, resulting in a 14.36-fold increase in weight compared to the control group, as determined by the Fisher's Least Significant Difference Test. BSF larvae maintained a survival rate of 99.33%. With the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.09 at 20% MH, feed efficiency was improved by up to 65.15%, and feed reduction up to 73.53%. MH enhanced lipid and protein content in BSF larvae. Furthermore, BSF larvae in this study showed higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as other amino acids which are required for breeding animals. The current study highlights the potential of MH as a feed source for BSF larvae, improving nutritional biomass. It also suggests BSF larvae as an eco-friendly option for handling seafood processing waste and as an alternative feed source for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tirtawijaya
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia;
| | - Jin-Hwa Lee
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (K.M.I.B.)
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (K.M.I.B.)
- German Engineering Research and Development Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (K.M.I.B.)
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Taufek NM, Mohamad Zulkifli NFN, Hamizah AN. Upcycling of food waste generated from the fresh market by utilising black soldier fly larvae: Influence on growth, bioconversion, and nutritional composition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119467. [PMID: 37976636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Innovative solutions are needed to limit environmental effect and optimise resource use as food waste generation rises worldwide. This study investigates the potential of upcycling food waste from fresh markets using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) as a sustainable approach. This study explored four fresh market food waste substrates for BSFL bioconversion: discarded fish waste (FI), slaughtered chicken waste (CHI), vegetable waste (VEG), and a 1:1:1 combination of all three (MIX). Soybean curd residue (SCR) was treated as the control substrate. The effects on larval growth, nutritional content, and waste bioconversion rates were examined. The larvae growth rate was strongly impacted by waste type, with BSF-fed CHI and MIX gaining 18.0 and 16.7 mg/d, respectively, followed by BSF-fed with SCR (12.2 mg/d), FI (8.9 mg/d) and VEG (7.6 mg/d). The waste type did not substantially alter BSFL length. The survival rate of the BSFL fed with the food waste studied ranges from 95 to 98.47%, with SCR being the highest. Our findings indicated that BSFL can effectively convert a variety of fresh market food waste into valuable biomass. CHI waste produced the highest larval biomass and bioconversion rate followed by MIX, SCR, FI and VEG. The different waste stream has a major influence on BSFL biomass nutrition. BSFL nutritional composition is independent of the substrate's nutritional content, indicating no direct correlation between substrate and BSFL biomass nutritional composition. SCR waste produced the highest protein content of BSFL (50.49%), followed by VEG (32.61%), MIX (32.57%), FI (31.03%) and CHI (29.06%). SCR waste also produced BSFL biomass with lowest lipid content (26.55%) compared to other waste which resulted into BSFL with lipid levels ranging from 42.92% to 53.72%. BSFL-fed with SCR is the most suitable to be used as an alternative animal's feed based on the protein and lipid levels, while defatting procedure is necessary for the other waste-fed BSFL to render it suitability as animal feed alternatives. Based on bioconversion rate, BSFL growth, and lipid content, the MIX and CHI waste might be viable substrates for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayah Mohd Taufek
- Aqua Nutri Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Ladang Mini, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Fatin Najihah Mohamad Zulkifli
- Aqua Nutri Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Ladang Mini, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazri Hamizah
- Aqua Nutri Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim J, Kurniawan H, Faqeerzada MA, Kim G, Lee H, Kim MS, Baek I, Cho BK. Proximate Content Monitoring of Black Soldier Fly Larval ( Hermetia illucens) Dry Matter for Feed Material using Short-Wave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:1150-1169. [PMID: 37969323 PMCID: PMC10636226 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are gaining popularity as a potential future food source because of their high protein content and efficient use of space. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are noteworthy because they can be used as feed for various animals including reptiles, dogs, fish, chickens, and pigs. However, if the edible insect industry is to advance, we should use automation to reduce labor and increase production. Consequently, there is a growing demand for sensing technologies that can automate the evaluation of insect quality. This study used short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging to predict the proximate composition of dried BSFL, including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content. The larvae were dried at various temperatures and times, and images were captured using an SWIR camera. A partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict the proximate content. The SWIR-based hyperspectral camera accurately predicted the proximate composition of BSFL from the best preprocessing model; moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content were predicted with high accuracy, with R2 values of 0.89 or more, and root mean square error of prediction values were within 2%. Among preprocessing methods, mean normalization and max normalization methods were effective in proximate prediction models. Therefore, SWIR-based hyperspectral cameras can be used to create automated quality management systems for BSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntae Kim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hary Kurniawan
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mohammad Akbar Faqeerzada
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery
Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hoonsoo Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering,
College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National
University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Insuck Baek
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems,
College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Zhao Z, Yang C, Gao B, Wu Y, Ao Y, Ma S, Jiménez N, Zheng L, Huang F, Tomberlin JK, Ren Z, Yu Z, Yu C, Zhang J, Cai M. Insights into the reduction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and mobile antibiotic resistance genes by black soldier fly larvae in chicken manure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115551. [PMID: 37832484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from animal manure has raised concerns about the potential threats to public health. The bioconversion of animal manure with insect larvae, such as the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens [L.]), is a promising technology for quickly attenuating ARB while also recycling waste. In this study, we investigated BSFL conversion systems for chicken manure. Using metagenomic analysis, we tracked ARB and evaluated the resistome dissemination risk by investigating the co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial taxa in a genetic context. Our results indicated that BSFL treatment effectively mitigated the relative abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MGEs by 34.9%, 53.3%, and 37.9%, respectively, within 28 days. Notably, the transferable ARGs decreased by 30.9%, indicating that BSFL treatment could mitigate the likelihood of ARG horizontal transfer and thus reduce the risk of ARB occurrence. In addition, the significantly positive correlation links between antimicrobial concentration and relative abundance of ARB reduced by 44.4%. Moreover, using variance partition analysis (VPA), we identified other bacteria as the most important factor influencing ARB, explaining 20.6% of the ARB patterns. Further analysis suggested that antagonism of other bacteria on ARB increased by 1.4 times, while nutrient competition on both total nitrogen and crude fat increased by 2.8 times. Overall, these findings provide insight into the mechanistic understanding of ARB reduction during BSFL treatment of chicken manure and provide a strategy for rapidly mitigating ARB in animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chongrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bingqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yushi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yue Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Shiteng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Núria Jiménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vilanova i la Geltrú School of Engineering (EPSEVG), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Vilanova i la Geltrú 08800, Spain
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | | | - Zhuqing Ren
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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5
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Li L, Chen L, Shang R, Wang G, Zhang J. Improvement in bioconversion efficiency and reduction of ammonia emission by introduction of fruit fermentation broth in a black soldier fly larvae and kitchen waste conversion system. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:975-990. [PMID: 36773298 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is an insect commonly used for the bioconversion of various organic wastes. Not only can the BSF convert organic waste into macromolecular organic substances, such as insect proteins, but it can also lessen the pollution associated with these waste products by reducing ammonia emissions, for example. In this study, we measured the effects of adding fruit fermentation broth (Fer) and commercial lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth (Em) to kitchen waste (KW), as deodorizing auxiliary substances, on the growth performance of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), the intestinal flora structure of BSFL, the ammonia emission from the KW substrate, and the microbial community structure of the KW substrate. We found that the addition of Fer or Em increased the body weight of BSFL after 6 d of culture, increasing the growth rate by 9.96% and 7.96%, respectively. The addition of Fer not only reduced the pH of the KW substrate but also increased the relative abundance of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Vagococcus, which inhibited the growth of ammonifiers such as Bacillus, Oligella, Paenalcaligenes, Paenibacillus, Pseudogracilibacillus, and Pseudomonas, resulting in the reduction of ammonia emission in the KW substrate. Moreover, the addition of Fer or Em significantly increased the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Dysgonomonas, Enterococcus, and Ignatzschineria in the gut of BSFL and increased the species diversity and richness in the KW substrate. Our findings provide a novel way to improve the conversion rate of organic waste and reduce the environmental pollution caused by BSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Shandong Province for Black Soldier Fly Breeding and Organic Waste Conversion, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifei Chen
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Shandong Province for Black Soldier Fly Breeding and Organic Waste Conversion, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rongsheng Shang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Shandong Province for Black Soldier Fly Breeding and Organic Waste Conversion, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Shandong Province for Black Soldier Fly Breeding and Organic Waste Conversion, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Dong Z, Li G, Zhang K, Kou Z, Zhang Y, Zhan S, Huang Y, Fang G. BSFbase: The comprehensive genomic resource for a natural recycler, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.). INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1011-1016. [PMID: 37526240 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongqing Kou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Z, Yu C, Yang C, Gao B, Jiménez N, Wang C, Li F, Ao Y, Zheng L, Huang F, Tomberlin JK, Ren Z, Yu Z, Zhang J, Cai M. Mitigation of antibiotic resistome in swine manure by black soldier fly larval conversion combined with composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163065. [PMID: 36966826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure has attracted considerable attention because of their potential contribution to the development of multidrug resistance worldwide. Insect technology may be a promising alternative for the rapid attenuation of ARGs in manure; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens [L.]) larvae conversion combined with composting on ARGs dynamics in swine manure and to uncover the mechanisms through metagenomic analysis. Compared to natural composting (i.e. without BSF), BSFL conversion combined with composting reduced the absolute abundance of ARGs by 93.2 % within 28 days. The rapid degradation of antibiotics and nutrient reformulation during BSFL conversion combined with composting indirectly altered manure bacterial communities, resulting in a lower abundance and richness of ARGs. The number of main antibiotic-resistant bacteria (e.g., Prevotella, Ruminococcus) decreased by 74.9 %, while their potential antagonistic bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas) increased by 128.7 %. The number of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Selenomonas, Paenalcaligenes) decreased by 88.3 %, and the average number of ARGs carried by each human pathogenic bacterial genus declined by 55.8 %. BSF larvae gut microbiota (e.g., Clostridium butyricum, C. bornimense) could help reduce the risk of multidrug-resistant pathogens. These results provide insight into a novel approach to mitigate multidrug resistance from the animal industry in the environment by using insect technology combined with composting, in particular in light of the global "One Health" requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chongrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bingqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Núria Jiménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vilanova i la Geltrú School of Engineering (EPSEVG), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech, Vilanova i la Geltrú 08800, Spain
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | | | - Zhuqing Ren
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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8
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Michishita R, Shimoda M, Furukawa S, Uehara T. Inoculation with black soldier fly larvae alters the microbiome and volatile organic compound profile of decomposing food waste. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4297. [PMID: 36922572 PMCID: PMC10017687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) is used in sustainable processing of many types of organic waste. However, organic waste being decomposed by BSF produces strong odors, hindering more widespread application. The odor components and how they are produced have yet to be characterized. We found that digestion of food waste by BSF significantly alters the microbial flora, based on metagenomic analyses, and the odor components generated, as shown by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Inoculation with BSF significantly decreased production of volatile organic sulfur compounds (dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide), which are known to be released during methionine and cysteine metabolism by Lactobacillus and Enterococcus bacteria. BSF inoculation significantly changed the abundance of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus and decreased microbial diversity overall. These findings may help in optimizing use of BSF for deodorization of composting food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Michishita
- Division of Insect Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masami Shimoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Seiichi Furukawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehara
- Division of Insect Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
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Hao J, Liu S, Luo A, Zhao J, Shi S, Zhang Y, Li C. Assessing Nursery-Finishing Pig Manures on Growth of Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030452. [PMID: 36766341 PMCID: PMC9913757 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock manure is an important component of agricultural organic waste, and in recent years, with the development of research on the bioconversion of manure, BSFs have been proven to be useful in the treatment of a variety of livestock wastes. In-depth research on the composition of manure and its effect on the development of BSFL is, however, very scarce. The purpose of this study was to identify the parameters that influenced the growth of BSFL that was fed fattening pig manure. The pH, moisture, and nutrients of the fattening manures (namely, nursery, growing, and finishing pig manures) were measured. To examine the influence of manure types on larval growth, 100 larvae were inoculated in 100 g of each type of manure in triplicate. According to the findings, larvae fed finishing pig manure had the lowest dry weight (30.2 ± 6.1 mg) compared to those fed growing (58.2 ± 7.3 mg) or nursery (65.5 ± 6.2 mg) pig manure. The correlation coefficients (r) between the nutrients in the manure and the weight of the larvae were calculated. Hemicellulose had the greatest |r| value (0.9569). Further research revealed that larvae raised on hemicellulase-pretreated finishing pig manure frequently weighed 21-30% (days 2-8) more than larvae raised on control manure. In conclusion, hemicellulose was a significant component that might hinder larval growth. The results of this study could be used to improve the system before it is put into use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Hao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Aiguo Luo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Shengli Shi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chujun Li
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA
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Sandrock C, Leupi S, Wohlfahrt J, Kaya C, Heuel M, Terranova M, Blanckenhorn WU, Windisch W, Kreuzer M, Leiber F. Genotype-by-Diet Interactions for Larval Performance and Body Composition Traits in the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens. INSECTS 2022; 13:424. [PMID: 35621760 PMCID: PMC9147266 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Further advancing black soldier fly (BSF) farming for waste valorisation and more sustainable global protein supplies critically depends on targeted exploitation of genotype-phenotype associations in this insect, comparable to conventional livestock. This study used a fully crossed factorial design of rearing larvae of four genetically distinct BSF strains (FST: 0.11-0.35) on three nutritionally different diets (poultry feed, food waste, poultry manure) to investigate genotype-by-environment interactions. Phenotypic responses included larval growth dynamics over time, weight at harvest, mortality, biomass production with respective contents of ash, fat, and protein, including amino acid profiles, as well as bioconversion and nitrogen efficiency, reduction of dry matter and relevant fibre fractions, and dry matter loss (emissions). Virtually all larval performance and body composition traits were substantially influenced by diet but also characterised by ample BSF genetic variation and, most importantly, by pronounced interaction effects between the two. Across evaluated phenotypes, variable diet-dependent rankings and the lack of generally superior BSF strains indicate the involvement of trade-offs between traits, as their relationships may even change signs. Conflicting resource allocation in light of overall BSF fitness suggests anticipated breeding programs will require complex and differential selection strategies to account for pinpointed trait maximisation versus multi-purpose resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sandrock
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; (S.L.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Simon Leupi
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; (S.L.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (F.L.)
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Jens Wohlfahrt
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; (S.L.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Cengiz Kaya
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; (S.L.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (F.L.)
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Maike Heuel
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Melissa Terranova
- AgroVet-Strickhof, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland;
| | - Wolf U. Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Wilhelm Windisch
- Animal Nutrition, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Florian Leiber
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; (S.L.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (F.L.)
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