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Wang Y, Wan T, Wang Y, Zhao P, Liu Y. Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301445. [PMID: 38771816 PMCID: PMC11108147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae) is an insect that has medicinal and esthetical importance, and being a natural enemy for many insects, the species is used as a biological control agent. In this publication, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the fine morphology of antennae of males and females of this species. The antennae of both sexes are filiform and consist of three parts: scape, pedicel, and flagellum (differing in the number of segments). Based on the external morphology and the sensilla distribution, the antennal flagellum is could be divided into five regions. Seven sensilla types and eleven subtypes of sensilla were observed: grooved peg sensillum (Sgp), Bohm bristles (Bb), basiconic sensillum (Sb), trichoid sensillum (StI, StII), campaniform sensillum (Sca), chaetic sensillum (ScI, ScII, ScIII), and coeloconic sensillum (ScoI, ScoII). In Mantodea, the ScoII is observed for the first time, and it is located on the tip of the flagellum. The external structure and distribution of these sensilla are compared to those of other insects and possible functions of the antennal sensilla are discussed. The males and females of the mantis could be distinguished by the length of antennae and number of Sgp. Males have antennae about 1.5 times longer and have significantly larger number of Sgp compared to females. The sexual difference in distribution of the Sgp suggests that this type of sensilla may play a role in sex-pheromones detection in mantis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shangluo Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials Integrated Pest Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Pezzi M, Munari C, Mistri M, Scapoli C, Chicca M, Leis M, Scieuzo C, Franco A, Salvia R, Ferracini C, Alma A, Falabella P, Curci D, Bonacci T. Morphological characterization of the antenna of Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and a comparison within the superfamily Chalcidoidea. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2024; 78:101325. [PMID: 38176179 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The parasitoid Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) has been successfully used in Italy since 2005 for biological control of the invasive cynipid Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), highly destructive for the economically relevant Castanea sativa (Fagales: Fagaceae). In order to investigate the morphological aspects related to sensorial behavior, a fine morphology study of the antennae and their sensilla was conducted by scanning electron microscopy on both sexes of T. sinensis. The antennae, composed of a scape, a pedicel and a flagellum with ten flagellomeres, had chaetic sensilla of six subtypes, placoid sensilla of three subtypes, trichoid sensilla, sensilla with a roundish grooved tip, and coeloconic sensilla. The chaetic sensilla of the first three subtypes were found in the scape and in the pedicel, and those of the last three subtypes, together with trichoid, roundish grooved tip and coeloconic sensilla, were found only on flagellomeres. Sexual dimorphism was detected in the morphology of the proper pedicel and the flagellum, and in the presence and distribution of the sensilla and their subtypes. The morphological aspects of the antenna of T. sinensis and of its sensilla were compared with those found in the family Torymidae and in other families of the extremely diverse superfamily Chalcidoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pezzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Milvia Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marilena Leis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferracini
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alberto Alma
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Davide Curci
- Istituto Lavinia Mondin, via della Valverde 19, 37122, Verona, Italy
| | - Teresa Bonacci
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Rende, Italy
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