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Zhou Y, Dong J, Lu H. Predictors and Clinical Significance of Myocardial Injury in Elderly Patients Under the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1369-1379. [PMID: 38601195 PMCID: PMC11005849 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s458365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The elderly patients are at increased high risk of myocardial injury and mortality after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, predictors and prognostic implications of myocardial injury in the elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Patients aged over 65 years were consecutively recruited between April to May, 2022. Myocardial injury was assessed using the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 347 patients were recruited with a median age of 81 years. 45.8% were male and 18 (5.2%) deceased before discharge. Myocardial injury (hs-cTnT over 99% upper reference limit [URL]) was detected in 202 (58.2%) of patients. Predictors of myocardial injury included age (per 5-year increase), hypertension, vaccination, creatine, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. hs-cTnT over 3 × URL was independently correlated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [adOR], 13.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11-87.1; p = 0.005) in comparison to hs-cTnT > URL (adOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.09-5.92; p = 0.680). Conclusion Myocardial injury was a common phenomenon and prognostic predictor in elder patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Higher threshold of myocardial injury may be considered to improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Pascual-Dapena A, Chillaron JJ, Llauradó G, Arnau-Barres I, Flores J, Lopez-Montesinos I, Sorlí L, Luis Martínez-Pérez J, Gómez-Zorrilla S, Du J, García-Giralt N, Güerri-Fernández R. Individuals With Higher CD4/CD8 Ratio Exhibit Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and In-Hospital Mortality During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:924267. [PMID: 35814752 PMCID: PMC9260079 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.924267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD4/CD8 ratio has been used as a quantitative prognostic risk factor in patients with viral infections. This study aims to assess the association between in-hospital mortality and at admission CD4/CD8 ratio among individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study with data of all consecutive patients admitted to the COVID-19 unit at Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain for ≥48 h between March to May 2020. The CD4+ CD8+ T-cell subset differentiation was assessed by flow cytometry at admission as well as a complete blood test. Patients were classified according to CD4/CD8 ratio tertiles. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was acute respiratory distress (ARDS). Results A total of 338 patients were included in the cohort. A high CD4/CD8 ratio (third tertile) was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality [adjusted Cox model hazard ratio (HR) 4.68 (95%CI 1.56–14.04, p = 0.006), reference: second tertile HR 1]. Similarly, a high CD4/CD8 ratio (third tertile) was associated with a higher incidence of ARDS [adjusted logistic regression model OR 1.97 (95%CI 1.11–3.55, p = 0.022) reference: second tertile HR 1]. There was a trend of higher in-hospital mortality and incidence of ARDS in patients within the first tertile of CD4/CD8 ratio compared with the second one, but the difference was not significant. No associations were found with total lymphocyte count or inflammatory parameters, including D-dimer. Conclusion CD4/CD8 ratio is a prognostic factor for the severity of COVID-19, reflecting the negative impact on prognosis of those individuals whose immune response has abnormal CD8+ T-cell expansion during the early response to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pascual-Dapena
- Medicine and Life Sciences Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Chillaron
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Llauradó
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Arnau-Barres
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Flores
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Sorlí
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Martínez-Pérez
- Medicine and Life Sciences Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Du
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Giralt
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Güerri-Fernández
- Medicine and Life Sciences Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Ciberinfecc, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Robert Güerri-Fernández,
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