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Feng X, Dang W, Apuke OD. How does group music therapy help in combating the anxiety and depression of dementia patients? A quasi-experimental investigation. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 52:83-88. [PMID: 39260989 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This study looked at the effect of group music therapy on dementia patients' levels of feelings of depression and anxiety. Quasi-experiment was carried out (N = 121) in which patients were randomly divided into a control (N = 61) and an experimental group (N = 60). Following a six-weeks, twelve-sessions trial involving both passive and active music therapy, it was discovered that the music group therapy intervention decreased the anxiety and depression levels of dementia patients in the experimental group as compared to the control group, which did not receive any music therapy. It was also noted that after three months of follow-up, participants in the experimental group still maintained a low level of anxiety and depression, but the control group's level remained high, therefore, substantiating the effect of music in lowering anxiety and depression among older ones. We urge the nursing descipline, medical professionals, carers, and care homes to include music therapy in the care they provide for patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Humanities, Tianjin Conservatory of Music, China.
| | | | - Oberiri Destiny Apuke
- Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, Department of Mass Communication, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria.
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2
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Xiang Q, Chen JJ, Feng NN, Li XH. Research progress of music intervention in nursing of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit. Technol Health Care 2024:THC241263. [PMID: 39302405 DOI: 10.3233/thc-241263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continuous advancement of medical technology, the survival rate of preterm infants is gradually improving, However, due to the underdeveloped function of various organs and systems, preterm infants are often exposed to light, noise, medical as well as nursing operations and other stimuli during their hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); it is highly susceptible to a number of problems, such as pain, unstable vital signs, growth retardation, and sleep disruption. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the research progress of music intervention in nursing of premature infants in NICU with both traditional and conventional care. METHODS This article reviews the research background, methodology/design, and measurement/application effects of music interventions, including Chinese and Western traditional music, in the care of preterm infants in NICU. All scholarly literature retrieved from MEDLINE\PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, Google scholar, CNKI scholar, Scopus and PubsHub. RESULTS As a simple and effective non-pharmacological intervention, music intervention can effectively alleviate neonatal surgical pain, increase heart rate and oxygen saturation, promote sleep, growth and development, and improve neurological development. CONCLUSIONS This review provide theoretical references for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiang
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Hunan, China
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Hunan, China
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Ni-Na Feng
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Hui Li
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Hunan, China
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3
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Çuhacı AB, Efe YS, Güneş T. The effect of music on pain, comfort, and physiological parameters during premature retinopathy examination. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:149-157. [PMID: 38943838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of music applied during the ROP examination on pain, comfort, and physiological parameters in preterm infants. METHODS The sample of this prospective randomized controlled double-blind experimental study consisted of 28 preterm infants who were examined for ROP of a tertiary hospital in the Neonatal Unit. Data were collected with a Questionnaire, Physiological Parameters Observation Form (PPOF), Revised-Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP-R), and Premature Infant Comfort Scale (PICS). RESULTS The results revealed that the crying times of the infants in the experimental group were shorter than the infants in the control group. The preterm infants in the experimental group had statistically lower PIPP-R scores during and after the procedure than the PIPP-R scores of the infants in the control group (p < 0.001) and the music applied to the preterm infants resulted in a mean decrease of 3.857 in the post-procedure and pre-procedure PIPP-R scores (p < 0.05). While there was no statistical difference between the pre-procedure and pre-procedural PICS scores of the preterm infants in the experimental and control groups (p = 0.599; p = 117), the post-procedure PICS values of the preterm infants in the experimental group were found to be lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001). It was found that the music applied to preterm infants during the ROP examination resulted in a mean decrease of 1.286 in PICS scores after the procedure and before the procedure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was determined that the music listened to during the ROP examination decreased the PIPP-R pain scores of preterm infants, had a positive effect on the PICS scores after the procedure, but did not affect the physiological parameters positively. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05263973.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yağmur Sezer Efe
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
| | - Tamer Güneş
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
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4
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Dogan-Gangal A, Akin B, Kocoglu-Tanyer D. Effect of Music-Based Interventions on Maternal and Fetal Parameters during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Complement Med Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39173611 DOI: 10.1159/000540263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Music is a non-pharmacological intervention often used to improve maternal mental health during pregnancy. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of music-based interventions on maternal and fetal parameters during pregnancy. We present a systematic review of the available research literature on the effects of music interventions on maternal and fetal parameters. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Turkish databases. The review included randomized controlled and quasi-experimental studies. Two independent authors evaluated the methodological quality of each study using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018102914). RESULTS The literature review yielded a total of 723 studies. Among these studies, 13 were included in this study. Most of the studies involving low-risk pregnant women reported that music had no effect on stress but reduced anxiety and depression. The effect of music on pregnant women's blood pressure varied depending on the presence of medical conditions that could affect their blood pressure. While some studies showed that music interventions effectively increased fetal movement and acceleration, the available findings were limited. CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals can use simple, cost-effective, and practical music interventions to improve maternal mental health during pregnancy without neglecting medical treatment. Future well-designed studies are recommended to investigate the effects of music on maternal psychological, physiological parameters and fetal parameters in high-risk pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Dogan-Gangal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgin Akin
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kocoglu-Tanyer
- Public Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Abouchaleh N, Bayart C. Strategies to minimize procedure-related pain and anxiety: lessons from pediatric dermatology. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:406-410. [PMID: 38957126 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have suggested that prolonged or repeated episodes of general anesthesia early in childhood may adversely affect neurodevelopment. This, combined with rising healthcare costs and decreasing access, has sparked interest in performing pediatric procedures in the office setting when possible. It is essential to address the physical and psychological discomfort that often accompany this experience, particularly in children. RECENT FINDINGS Healthcare providers performing procedures on children can draw from a spectrum of established techniques, new technology, and novel use of medications to decrease peri-procedural pain and anxiety. These techniques include distraction, optimization of local anesthesia, and mild to moderate sedation. SUMMARY We recommend using a combination of techniques to minimize pain and anxiety to improve safety, decrease healthcare costs, improve patient experience, and prevent childhood trauma and persistent negative perception of the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl Bayart
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati-Affiliate, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Arnold CA, Bagg MK, Harvey AR. The psychophysiology of music-based interventions and the experience of pain. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1361857. [PMID: 38800683 PMCID: PMC11122921 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1361857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern times there is increasing acceptance that music-based interventions are useful aids in the clinical treatment of a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including helping to reduce the perception of pain. Indeed, the belief that music, whether listening or performing, can alter human pain experiences has a long history, dating back to the ancient Greeks, and its potential healing properties have long been appreciated by indigenous cultures around the world. The subjective experience of acute or chronic pain is complex, influenced by many intersecting physiological and psychological factors, and it is therefore to be expected that the impact of music therapy on the pain experience may vary from one situation to another, and from one person to another. Where pain persists and becomes chronic, aberrant central processing is a key feature associated with the ongoing pain experience. Nonetheless, beneficial effects of exposure to music on pain relief have been reported across a wide range of acute and chronic conditions, and it has been shown to be effective in neonates, children and adults. In this comprehensive review we examine the various neurochemical, physiological and psychological factors that underpin the impact of music on the pain experience, factors that potentially operate at many levels - the periphery, spinal cord, brainstem, limbic system and multiple areas of cerebral cortex. We discuss the extent to which these factors, individually or in combination, influence how music affects both the quality and intensity of pain, noting that there remains controversy about the respective roles that diverse central and peripheral processes play in this experience. Better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie music's impact on pain perception together with insights into central processing of pain should aid in developing more effective synergistic approaches when music therapy is combined with clinical treatments. The ubiquitous nature of music also facilitates application from the therapeutic environment into daily life, for ongoing individual and social benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Arnold
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Caulfield Pain Management and Research Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Bagg
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences and Conservatorium of Music, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Donovan E, Green V, Feldman G, Tachdjian R, Curry C, Rice C, Zeltzer LK. The acceptability of Songs of Love for youth living with chronic pain. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36:161-168. [PMID: 38332697 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Music is helpful to young people in healthcare contexts, but less is known about the acceptability of music-based interventions for youth living at home with chronic pain who may be struggling to attend school and participate in social activities. The Songs of Love (SOL) foundation is a national nonprofit organization that creates free, personalized, original songs for youth facing health challenges. The aims of this study were (1) to assess acceptability of SOL from the perspective of youth with chronic pain receiving a song and singer-songwriters who created the songs, and (2) to explore the role of music more generally in the lives of young people living with pain. METHODS Twenty-three people participated. Fifteen youth (mean age 16.8) were interviewed and received a song, and six singer-songwriters were interviewed about creating the songs. (Two additional people participated in pilot interviews.) Acceptability was assessed by (1) proportion of youth who participated in a second interview about their song and (2) results of reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) to determine acceptability. Themes addressing the role of music in the lives of youth with pain were also explored using RTA. RESULTS The program was acceptable as 12 of 15 youth (80 %) participated in second interviews and themes met the definition of acceptability. Three themes addressing the role of music in the lives of youth living with pain were identified. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the acceptability and experience of SOL and contributes to research on the benefits of music for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanya Green
- Creative Healing for Youth in Pain, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Greg Feldman
- Department of Psychology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raffi Tachdjian
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Children's Music Fund, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Curry
- Department of Psychology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Rice
- Department of Psychology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lonnie K Zeltzer
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Creative Healing for Youth in Pain, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rede FM, Goshu EM, muzien SJ. Severity and associated factors of postoperative pain in paediatric surgical patients aged 2 months-7 years at selected Addis Ababa Public Hospitals: a multicenter prospective longitudinal study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1275-1282. [PMID: 38463099 PMCID: PMC10923381 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative pain is a common and distressing consequence of surgery in children. It can lead to suffering, prolonged recovery, impaired physical functioning, and even chronic pain. Effective postoperative pain management is crucial for improving patient outcomes. However, several factors hinder the accurate assessment and management of pain in children, particularly in low-income countries. This study aims to evaluate the severity of postoperative pain in paediatric patients and identify its predictors. Materials and methods A longitudinal study was conducted on 235 paediatric surgical patients aged 2 months-7 years in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa from January to April 2023. The primary outcome, pain severity, was assessed at three different times using a pain assessment tool. Cochran's q-test was used to compare postoperative pain incidences. The Generalized Estimating Equation was used to determine predictor variables' effects on pain severity over time. The study demonstrated the direction of association and significance using an AOR with a 95% CI at a P value of 0.05. Result The incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain was 36.6% at 12 h, 20% at 24 h, and 10% at 36 h. Patients with preoperative pain and preoperative anxiety were more likely to experience moderate to severe postoperative pain [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.41, CI=1.15, 10.00 and AOR=2.28, CI=1.219, 4.277, respectively). Intraoperative predictors of postoperative pain severity included longer duration of surgery (AOR=6.62, CI=1.90, 23.00) and major surgery (AOR=5.2, CI=2.11, 12.88). Postoperative pain severity was reduced in patients receiving multimodal analgesia (AOR=0.24; CI=0.091, 0.652) and in patients assessed frequently in the postoperative period (AOR=0.09; CI=0.022, 0.393). Conclusion A significant portion of paediatric surgical patients in this study experienced high levels of postoperative pain, particularly within the first 24 h. The most influential factors affecting pain severity were postoperative pain management strategies and assessment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fassil Mihretu Rede
- Wollo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Dessie
| | - Eyayalem Melese Goshu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sulaiman Jemal muzien
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Hüppi PS, Filippa M. Multisensory stimuli and pain perception in the newborn. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:603-604. [PMID: 37833529 PMCID: PMC10899096 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra S Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Geneva, Rue Willy-Donzé, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland.
| | - Manuela Filippa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Geneva, Rue Willy-Donzé, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 101, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mounier S, Cambonie G, Baleine J, Le Roux M, Bringuier S, Milési C. Music Therapy During Basic Daily Care in Critically Ill Children: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2024; 264:113736. [PMID: 37722559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether music therapy (MT) is effective to reduce pain during daily personal hygiene care (DPHC), a procedure performed in all patients in a pediatric intensive care unit. METHODS Fifty critically ill children were enrolled in a crossover controlled clinical trial with random ordering of the intervention, that is, passive MT, and standard conditions, and blind assessment of pain on film recordings. The primary outcome was variation of the Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) score (range, 0-10) comparing before and during DPHC. Secondary outcomes were changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial blood pressure, and administration of analgesic or sedative drugs during DPHC. Mixed-effects linear model analysis was used to assess effect size (95% CI). RESULTS The median (Q25-Q75) age and weight of the patients were 3.5 years (1.0-7.6 years) and 15.0 kg (10.0-26.8 kg). Consecutive DPHC were assessed on days 3 (2-5) and 4 (3-7) of hospitalization. In standard conditions, FLACC score was 0.0 (0.0-3.0) at baseline and 3.0 (1.0-5.5) during DPHC. With MT, these values were, respectively, 0.0 (0.0-1.0) and 2.0 (0.5-4.0). Rates of FLACC scores of >4 during DPHC, which indicates severe pain, were 42% in standard conditions and 17% with MT (P = .013). Mixed-effects model analysis found smaller increases in FLACC scores (-0.54 [-1.08 to -0.01]; P = .04) and heart rate (-9.00; [-14.53; -3.40]; P = .001) with MT. CONCLUSIONS MT is effective to improve analgesia in critically ill children exposed to DPHC. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was recorded (April 16, 2019) before patient recruitment on the National Library of Medicine registry (NCT03916835; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03916835).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mounier
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Cambonie
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infection, INSERM UMR 1058, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Julien Baleine
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manon Le Roux
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Bringuier
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Milési
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Girgin BA, Göl İ, Gözen D, Çarikçi F, Kirmizibekmez H. Effects of applications manual pressure and shotblocker to reduce needle-related pain and fear in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:84-90. [PMID: 37651942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and fear associated with insulin injections can cause children with type 1 diabetes mellitus to avoid insulin injections and skip doses. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare pain and fear levels in children aged 6-12 years receiving subcutaneous insulin injection using the manual pressure and ShotBlocker methods. METHODS A randomized controlled study was conducted with 90 children with type 1 diabetes who were allocated using block randomization to the manual pressure, ShotBlocker, and control groups (n = 30 in each group). Fear and pain levels were rated by the children, their parents, and a member of the study team immediately before and after insulin injection using the Children's Fear Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, respectively. RESULTS All groups had similar self-, parent-, and researcher-reported levels of preprocedural pain and fear (p > 0.05). However, pain and fear scores were lower in the manual pressure and ShotBlocker groups than in the control group after injection (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in pain and fear scores between the two intervention groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Manual pressure and the ShotBlocker both reduced fear and pain associated with insulin injection in 6- to 12-year-old children with type 1 diabetes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Both the manual pressure and ShotBlocker methods can easily be applied in children receiving insulin injections. As manual pressure is completely cost- and equipment-free, it is a useful option to reduce pain and fear related to insulin injection. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER National Institutes of Health (NIH), ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05789810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Aykanat Girgin
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Tıbbiye Cad. No:38 Haydarpaşa, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İlknur Göl
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department of Public Health Nursing, Uluyazı, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Duygu Gözen
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Pediatric Nursing Department, Turkey
| | - Fatma Çarikçi
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Vocational School of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Heves Kirmizibekmez
- İstanbul Ümraniye Research and Training Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ümraniye, Turkey
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12
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Duff IT, Krolick KN, Mahmoud HM, Chidambaran V. Current Evidence for Biological Biomarkers and Mechanisms Underlying Acute to Chronic Pain Transition across the Pediatric Age Spectrum. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5176. [PMID: 37629218 PMCID: PMC10455285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent in the pediatric population. Many factors are involved in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Currently, there are conceptual models proposed, but they lack a mechanistically sound integrated theory considering the stages of child development. Objective biomarkers are critically needed for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis of the pathological stages of pain chronification. In this article, we summarize the current evidence on mechanisms and biomarkers of acute to chronic pain transitions in infants and children through the developmental lens. The goal is to identify gaps and outline future directions for basic and clinical research toward a developmentally informed theory of pain chronification in the pediatric population. At the outset, the importance of objective biomarkers for chronification of pain in children is outlined, followed by a summary of the current evidence on the mechanisms of acute to chronic pain transition in adults, in order to contrast with the developmental mechanisms of pain chronification in the pediatric population. Evidence is presented to show that chronic pain may have its origin from insults early in life, which prime the child for the development of chronic pain in later life. Furthermore, available genetic, epigenetic, psychophysical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging, neuroimmune, and sex mechanisms are described in infants and older children. In conclusion, future directions are discussed with a focus on research gaps, translational and clinical implications. Utilization of developmental mechanisms framework to inform clinical decision-making and strategies for prevention and management of acute to chronic pain transitions in children, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina T. Duff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Kristen N. Krolick
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA; (K.N.K.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Hana Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA; (K.N.K.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Vidya Chidambaran
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA; (K.N.K.); (H.M.M.)
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13
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Tou SI, Huang CY, Yen HR. Effect of Acupoint Stimulation on Controlling Pain from Heel Lance in Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1024. [PMID: 37371256 DOI: 10.3390/children10061024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of acupoint stimulation compared to other interventions on pain control in neonates who underwent heel lance, we searched for randomized controlled trials across six databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science) published up to January 2023. Studies comparing acupoint stimulation and other interventions for controlling heel lance pain in neonates were included. These reports measured at least one of the following variables: pain score, crying time, oxygenation saturation, heart rate, respiration rate, and duration of the procedure. The data were independently extracted by two authors, and the PRISMA guidelines for study selection were followed. A total of 79 articles were screened, and 10 studies, with results on 813 neonates, were included in the final selection. The pain scores recorded during the heel lance procedure were not significantly different between the acupoint stimulation cohort and the control cohort (SMD of -0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) from -0.52 to 0.01; p = 0.06; I2 = 68%). After processing the subgroup analyses, significant differences were found in the comparisons of acupuncture vs. usual care (SMD of -1.25, 95% CI from -2.23 to 0.27) and acupressure vs. usual care (SMD of -0.62, 95% CI from -0.96 to -0.28); nonsignificant differences were found in other comparisons. Our results demonstrate that acupoint stimulation may improve pain score during the heel lance procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sio-Ian Tou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Kang Branch, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- International Master Program in Acupuncture, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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[Evidence-based guideline for neonatal pain management in China (2023)]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:109-127. [PMID: 36854686 PMCID: PMC9979385 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Pain disrupts neonatal vital signs and internal environment homeostasis and affects the recovery process, and recurrent pain stimulation is one of the important risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders and some chronic diseases. In order to standardize pain management practice in neonatal wards in China and effectively prevent and reduce the adverse effects of pain on the physical and mental development of neonates, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Diseases (Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University) convened a multidisciplinary panel to formulate the evidence-based guideline for neonatal pain management in China (2023 edition) following the principles and methods for the guideline development issued by the World Health Organization. Based on the best evidence and expert consensus, this guideline gives 26 recommendations for nine clinical issues, i.e., the classification and definition of neonatal pain, common sources of pain, pain assessment principles, pain assessment methods, analgesic principle, non-pharmaceutical analgesic methods, pharmaceutical analgesic methods, parental participation in pain management, and recording methods for pain management, so as to provide medical staff with guidance and a decision-making basis for neonatal pain assessment and analgesia management.
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Çaksen H. The Effects of Quran Recitation on Sedation and Pain in Children. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Çaksen
- Divisions of Pediatric Neurology and Genetics, and Behavioral-Developmental Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, Türkiye
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Shahrbabaki RM, Nourian M, Farahani AS, Nasiri M, Heidari A. Effectiveness of listening to music and playing with Lego on children's postoperative pain. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 69:e7-e12. [PMID: 36543727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of music and playing with Lego in postoperative management pain in children. DESIGN AND METHODS In this three-group quasi-experimental study, the participants in this interventional study were 96 children aged 6 to 12 years admitted to the pediatric surgery ward of Mofid Hospital and Medical Center in Tehran. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. They were then randomly placed into three intervention groups. Pain intensity was measured for the participants in all three groups before the intervention. The intervention was performed in two 15-min sessions with an interval of 5 min in three intervention groups. Then pain intensity was measured using the Oucher Pain Scale before the intervention and in four intervals: Immediately after the intervention, half an hour, one hour, and 3 h after the intervention, respectively. Pain intensity was also measured at the same time intervals for the participants in the control group. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS-25 software using descriptive statistics, the Bonferroni test, and Tukey's test. RESULTS The data showed that the three groups were identical in terms of demographic characteristics (p > 0.05).A comparison of the music listening group and the control group showed statistically significant difference in terms of postoperative pain (P < 0.05).However, the data showed significant differences between the control group and the Lego group in terms of pain intensity immediately after the intervention, half an hour, one hour, and 3 h after the intervention, respectively (p < 0.05).The data also revealed a significant difference between the children in the music group and the Lego group at all phases (p < 0.05), and the children in the Lego group reported less pain after the intervention compared to the children in the music listening group. Nevertheless, there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of reported pain intensity half an hour, one hour, and three hours after the intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that playing with Legos had a greater effect on reducing postoperative pain in children than listening to music. Thus, nurses are recommended to make arrangements for children to play with Legos after surgery. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Playing with Legos can be used to control postoperative pain in school-age children in medical centers and wards of pediatric hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihane Moghimian Shahrbabaki
- MSc in Pediatric Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing & Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Nourian
- PhD in Nursing, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursig & Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Shirinabadi Farahani
- PhD in Nursing, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursig & Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Biostatics, Faculty of Paramedic, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Heidari
- Heidar Amir, Department of Cardiovascular, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Du J, Shi P, Fang F, Yu H. Effect of music intervention on subjective scores, heart rate variability, and prefrontal hemodynamics in patients with chronic pain. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1057290. [PMID: 36466624 PMCID: PMC9713005 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1057290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Music interventions have been proposed in recent years as a treatment for chronic pain. However, the mechanisms by which music relieves pain are unclear, and the effects of music intervention on physiological indicators in patients with chronic pain remain to be explored. This study aimed to explore whether a music intervention would have effects on subjective pain ratings, heart rate variability, and functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex in patients with chronic pain. METHODS A randomized controlled study was conducted on 37 pain patients aged 18-65 years, with the control group receiving usual care, and the intervention group receiving music intervention (8-150 Hz, 50-70 dB) for 30 min before bedtime for 7 days on top of usual care. Pain visual analog scale and heart rate variability were used as subjective and objective physiological indices before and after the music intervention, respectively. Changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in the cerebral cortex were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and whole-brain correlation analysis was used to quantify the connectivity of prefrontal brain regions associated with the pain response. RESULTS Results showed that patients with chronic pain in the intervention group had significantly lower visual assessment scale scores, as well as significantly lower overall voluntary mobility during pain episodes, resulting in relatively higher vagal innervation compared to the control group. In addition, connections between the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9, BA46) and frontal areas (BA10) were significantly higher in the intervention group. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the combined application of music interventions with usual care in reducing pain levels in patients with chronic pain and provides insight into the pathological mechanisms of music interventions for analgesia, providing direction for new baseline indicators for quantitative clinical assessment of pain. The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2100052993). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=136268], identifier [ChiCTR2100052993].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Du
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanfu Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Unresolved Systemic Inflammation, Long COVID, and the Common Pathomechanisms of Somatic and Psychiatric Comorbidity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175114. [PMID: 36079040 PMCID: PMC9457285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gimenez-Lozano C, Páramo-Rodríguez L, Cavero-Carbonell C, Corpas-Burgos F, López-Maside A, Guardiola-Vilarroig S, Zurriaga O. Rare Diseases: Needs and Impact for Patients and Families: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Valencian Region, Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610366. [PMID: 36012000 PMCID: PMC9408677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Families with rare diseases (RDs) have unmet needs that are often overlooked by health professionals. Describing these needs and the impact of the disease could improve their medical care. A total of 163 surveys were obtained from patients visiting primary care centres in the Valencian Region (Spain), during 2015-2017, with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of RD. Of the 84.7% with a confirmed diagnosis, 50.4% had a diagnostic delay exceeding one year, and it was more prevalent among adults (62.2%). Families with paediatric patients were in a worse economic situation, with lower incomes and higher monthly disease-related expenses (€300 on average). These expenses were incurred by 66.5% of families and were mainly for medication (40.3%). Among them, 58.5% reported not being able to afford adjuvant therapies. The disease had an impact on 73.1% of families, especially on their routine and emotional state. Expenses, needs, and impacts were more frequent among families of patients with a history of hospitalisation or deterioration. Patients with delayed diagnosis had a higher consumption of drugs prior to diagnosis. People affected by RDs in the Valencian Region need therapies to improve their autonomy and emotional state. Health professionals should be aware of these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gimenez-Lozano
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Páramo-Rodríguez
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Corpas-Burgos
- Economic, Demographic and Social Statistics Service, Valencian Institute of Statistics, Valencian Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurora López-Maside
- Directorate General for Public Health and Addictions, Regional Ministry of Health, Valencian Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Guardiola-Vilarroig
- Directorate General for Public Health and Addictions, Regional Ministry of Health, Valencian Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Zurriaga
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Directorate General for Public Health and Addictions, Regional Ministry of Health, Valencian Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Kobus S, Diezel M, Dewan MV, Huening B, Dathe AK, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Bruns N. Impact of Physical Contact on Preterm Infants' Vital Sign Response to Live Music Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159524. [PMID: 35954880 PMCID: PMC9368366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence that music therapy stabilises vital parameters in preterm infants is growing, but the optimal setting for therapy is still under investigation. Our study aimed to quantify the effect of physical contact during live music therapy in preterm infants born < 32 weeks’ gestational age (GA) on post-therapy vital sign values. Live music therapy was delivered twice-weekly until discharge from hospital to 40 stable infants < 32 weeks’ GA. Baseline and post-therapy heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and physical contact during each session were recorded. 159 sessions were performed with, and 444 sessions without, physical contact. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses based on directed acyclic graphs were performed. The mean GA was 28.6 ± 2.6 weeks, and 26 (65%) infants were male. Mean absolute values for heart and respiratory rates lowered during music therapy regardless of physical contact. The mean post-therapy SaO2 was higher compared to baseline values regardless of physical contact (mean differences −8.6 beats/min; −13.3 breaths/min and +2.0%). There were no clinically relevant changes in vital sign responses between therapy sessions, with or without physical contact, or adjusted post-therapy values for any of the studied vital signs. Physical contact caused better baseline and post-therapy vital sign values but did not enhance the vital sign response to music therapy. Thus, the effect of music therapy on preterm infants’ vital signs is independent of physical contact and parents’ presence during music therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Kobus
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.D.); (M.V.D.); (B.H.); (A.-K.D.); (U.F.-M.); (N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Marlis Diezel
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.D.); (M.V.D.); (B.H.); (A.-K.D.); (U.F.-M.); (N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Monia Vanessa Dewan
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.D.); (M.V.D.); (B.H.); (A.-K.D.); (U.F.-M.); (N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Britta Huening
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.D.); (M.V.D.); (B.H.); (A.-K.D.); (U.F.-M.); (N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Dathe
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.D.); (M.V.D.); (B.H.); (A.-K.D.); (U.F.-M.); (N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Health and Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.D.); (M.V.D.); (B.H.); (A.-K.D.); (U.F.-M.); (N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nora Bruns
- Department of Paediatrics I, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.D.); (M.V.D.); (B.H.); (A.-K.D.); (U.F.-M.); (N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Pradit L, Tantipalakorn C, Charoenkwan K, Suprasert P, Srisomboon J, Muangmool T. Efficacy of Listening to Music on Pain Reduction during Colposcopy-Directed Cervical Biopsy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030429. [PMID: 35334605 PMCID: PMC8955114 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: To investigate the efficacy of listening to music on pain reduction during colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy (CDB). Materials and Methods: From June 2020 to November 2021, 240 women undergoing CDB were enrolled. The participants were randomized into three groups: Group 1, colposcopic examination while wearing headphones and listening to music; Group 2, colposcopy while wearing headphones but not listening to music; Group 3 (control group), colposcopy while neither listening to music nor wearing headphones. All participating women completed a 10 cm visual analog scale for subjective pain at three time points: baseline, immediately after cervical biopsy, and 15 min after the procedure. The primary endpoint was the biopsy pain score. Result: Of the 240 women, a sample size of 80 was randomly assigned per group. The clinical–pathological and procedure-related characteristics of the participants in all groups were similar. The mean baseline pain score between each group was not significantly different (2.83 in the music group, 2.54 in group 2, and 2.94 in the control group, p = 0.47). There were no significant differences between each group in terms of mean biopsy pain score (4.21 in the music group, 4.24 in group 2, and 4.30 in the control group, p = 0.98). The differences in changes between the baseline pain score and the biopsy pain score were not statistically significant (1.39 in the music group, 1.70 in group 2, and 1.36 in the control group, p = 0.69). In the multiple comparison analysis, the differences in changes between the biopsy pain score and the baseline pain score between each group were also not statistically significant. There were no complications with the intervention observed. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there was no beneficial effect of listening to music on pain reduction during colposcopy-directed cervical biopsies.
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