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Saikevičius L, Raudonis V, Dervinis G, Baranauskas V. Non-Contact Vision-Based Techniques of Vital Sign Monitoring: Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3963. [PMID: 38931747 PMCID: PMC11207835 DOI: 10.3390/s24123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of non-contact techniques for monitoring human vital signs has significant potential to improve patient care in diverse settings. By facilitating easier and more convenient monitoring, these techniques can prevent serious health issues and improve patient outcomes, especially for those unable or unwilling to travel to traditional healthcare environments. This systematic review examines recent advancements in non-contact vital sign monitoring techniques, evaluating publicly available datasets and signal preprocessing methods. Additionally, we identified potential future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidas Raudonis
- Automation Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (G.D.); (V.B.)
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Baumann S, Stone R, Kim JYM. Introducing the Pi-CON Methodology to Overcome Usability Deficits during Remote Patient Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2260. [PMID: 38610471 PMCID: PMC11014368 DOI: 10.3390/s24072260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The adoption of telehealth has soared, and with that the acceptance of Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) and virtual care. A review of the literature illustrates, however, that poor device usability can impact the generated data when using Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD) devices, such as wearables or home use medical devices, when used outside a health facility. The Pi-CON methodology is introduced to overcome these challenges and guide the definition of user-friendly and intuitive devices in the future. Pi-CON stands for passive, continuous, and non-contact, and describes the ability to acquire health data, such as vital signs, continuously and passively with limited user interaction and without attaching any sensors to the patient. The paper highlights the advantages of Pi-CON by leveraging various sensors and techniques, such as radar, remote photoplethysmography, and infrared. It illustrates potential concerns and discusses future applications Pi-CON could be used for, including gait and fall monitoring by installing an omnipresent sensor based on the Pi-CON methodology. This would allow automatic data collection once a person is recognized, and could be extended with an integrated gateway so multiple cameras could be installed to enable data feeds to a cloud-based interface, allowing clinicians and family members to monitor patient health status remotely at any time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Yun-Ming Kim
- Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, 2529 Union Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.B.); (R.S.)
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Huang B, Hu S, Liu Z, Lin CL, Su J, Zhao C, Wang L, Wang W. Challenges and prospects of visual contactless physiological monitoring in clinical study. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:231. [PMID: 38097771 PMCID: PMC10721846 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of physiological parameters is a crucial topic in promoting human health and an indispensable approach for assessing physiological status and diagnosing diseases. Particularly, it holds significant value for patients who require long-term monitoring or with underlying cardiovascular disease. To this end, Visual Contactless Physiological Monitoring (VCPM) is capable of using videos recorded by a consumer camera to monitor blood volume pulse (BVP) signal, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and blood pressure (BP). Recently, deep learning-based pipelines have attracted numerous scholars and achieved unprecedented development. Although VCPM is still an emerging digital medical technology and presents many challenges and opportunities, it has the potential to revolutionize clinical medicine, digital health, telemedicine as well as other areas. The VCPM technology presents a viable solution that can be integrated into these systems for measuring vital parameters during video consultation, owing to its merits of contactless measurement, cost-effectiveness, user-friendly passive monitoring and the sole requirement of an off-the-shelf camera. In fact, the studies of VCPM technologies have been rocketing recently, particularly AI-based approaches, but few are employed in clinical settings. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the applications, challenges, and prospects of VCPM from the perspective of clinical settings and AI technologies for the first time. The thorough exploration and analysis of clinical scenarios will provide profound guidance for the research and development of VCPM technologies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- AI Research Center, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, 99 Juhang Rd., Binjiang Dist., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shen Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Epidemiology, The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zimeng Liu
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Junfeng Su
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention of Multiple Organ Failure, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changchen Zhao
- AI Research Center, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, 99 Juhang Rd., Binjiang Dist., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Ave, Nanshan Dist., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Ollearo R, Ma X, Akkerman HB, Fattori M, Dyson MJ, van Breemen AJ, Meskers SC, Dijkstra W, Janssen RA, Gelinck GH. Vitality surveillance at distance using thin-film tandem-like narrowband near-infrared photodiodes with light-enhanced responsivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9861. [PMID: 36800431 PMCID: PMC9937568 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Remote measurement of vital sign parameters like heartbeat and respiration rate represents a compelling challenge in monitoring an individual's health in a noninvasive way. This could be achieved by large field-of-view, easy-to-integrate unobtrusive sensors, such as large-area thin-film photodiodes. At long distances, however, discriminating weak light signals from background disturbance demands superior near-infrared (NIR) sensitivity and optical noise tolerance. Here, we report an inherently narrowband solution-processed, thin-film photodiode with ultrahigh and controllable NIR responsivity based on a tandem-like perovskite-organic architecture. The device has low dark currents (<10-6 mA cm-2), linear dynamic range >150 dB, and operational stability over time (>8 hours). With a narrowband quantum efficiency that can exceed 200% at 850 nm and intrinsic filtering of other wavelengths to limit optical noise, the device exhibits higher tolerance to background light than optically filtered silicon-based sensors. We demonstrate its potential in remote monitoring by measuring the heart rate and respiration rate from distances up to 130 cm in reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ollearo
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Xiao Ma
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Hylke B. Akkerman
- TNO at Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Marco Fattori
- Integrated Circuits, Departments of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Matthew J. Dyson
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Dijkstra
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Gerwin H. Gelinck
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- TNO at Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands
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