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Xiao W, Xu L, Wang J, Yu K, Xu B, Que Y, Zhao J, Pan Q, Gao C, Zhou P, Zhang X. FGFR4-specific CAR-T cells with inducible caspase-9 suicide gene as an approach to treat rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00823-2. [PMID: 39183354 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with poor survival and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Therefore, new immunotherapeutic methods are urgently required. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), a new therapeutic target for rhabdomyosarcoma, plays a crucial role in its onset and development. This study aimed to generate FGFR4 single-chain variable fragment-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells without causing evident toxicity and incorporating an inducible caspase-9 (iCasp9) suicide gene system to enhance their safety. FGFR4 antigen expression was evaluated in normal murine tissues, normal human tissues, and specimens from patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. Combined with a 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain, a CD3ζ signaling domain, and an iCasp9 suicide gene, CAR-T cells with an FGFR4-specific single-chain variable fragment were developed. The specific cytotoxic effects, T-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, apoptosis induction by chemical dimerization (AP20187), and toxicity of FGFR4 CAR-T cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. FGFR4 CAR-T cells generated a variety of immune-promoting cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 2, and interferon γ, and displayed effective cytotoxic activity against FGFR4-overexpressing rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vitro. FGFR4 CAR-T cells were relatively effective against FGFR4-overexpressing rhabdomyosarcoma, with tumor regression and poor survival in a subcutaneous xenograft model. The iCasp9 gene was incorporated into FGFR4 CAR-T cells and it was demonstrated that effective and reliable suicide gene activity depends on the administration of AP20187. By making use of the cross-reaction of FGFR4 CAR-T cells with murine FGFR4 in a syngeneic tumor model, this study found that FGFR4 CAR-T cells could regulate the growth of tumors without evident toxicity. Our study demonstrates that FGFR4 is a prospective target for CAR-T cell therapy in rhabdomyosarcoma without serious on-target off-tumor toxicity. FGFR4 CAR-T cells with the iCasp9 suicide gene system as a safety switch to limit toxicity may broaden the clinical applications of cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330209, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Transfusion Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330209, China
| | - Bushu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yi Que
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiuzhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chengqi Gao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330209, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Transfusion Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330209, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Szlasa W, Dybko J. Current status of bispecific antibodies and CAR-T therapies in multiple myeloma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112043. [PMID: 38733817 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of plasma cells, is an incurable disease that is characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells leading to extensive skeletal destruction. This includes osteolytic lesions, osteopenia, and pathologic fractures. MM is clinically manifested through bone pain, renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, anemia, and recurrent infections. Its prevalence and the need for effective treatment underscore the importance of this research. Recent advancements in MM therapy have been significant, particularly with the integration of daratumumab into first-line treatments. The use of daratumumab in regimens such as DRD (Daratumumab, Revlimid, Dexamethasone) and D-RVd (Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, Dexamethasone) represents a paradigm shift in the treatment landscape. GRIFFIN and CASSIOPEIA trials have highlighted the efficacy of these regimens, particularly in prolonging progression-free survival and deepening patient responses. The shift from older regimens like MPV (Melphalan, Prednisone, Velcade) to more effective ones like DRD and RVD has been pivotal in treatment strategies. This review also focuses on the potential of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies in MM. CAR-T therapy, which has shown success in other hematological malignancies, is being explored for its ability to specifically target MM cells. The latest clinical trials and research findings are analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and challenges of CAR-T therapy in MM. Additionally, the role of bispecific antibodies, which are designed to bind both cancer cells and T cells, is explored. These antibodies offer a unique mechanism that could complement the effects of CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Lower Silesia Centre for Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology in Wrocław, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland; Medical University Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dybko
- Lower Silesia Centre for Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology in Wrocław, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Chen Z, Hu Y, Mei H. Harnessing Biomaterials for Safeguarding Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: An Artful Expedition in Mitigating Adverse Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:139. [PMID: 38276012 PMCID: PMC10819334 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, showcasing remarkable efficacy. However, the formidable challenge lies in taming the formidable side effects associated with this innovative therapy, among which cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and on-target off-tumor toxicities (OTOT) are typical representatives. Championing the next frontier in cellular immunotherapy, this comprehensive review embarks on an artistic exploration of leveraging biomaterials to meticulously navigate the intricate landscape of CAR-T cell therapy. Unraveling the tapestry of potential toxicities, our discourse unveils a symphony of innovative strategies designed to elevate the safety profile of this revolutionary therapeutic approach. Through the lens of advanced medical science, we illuminate the promise of biomaterial interventions in sculpting a safer and more efficacious path for CAR-T cell therapy, transcending the boundaries of conventional treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China;
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China;
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China;
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan 430022, China
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