1
|
Folliero V, Ferravante C, Dell’Annunziata F, Brancaccio RN, D’Agostino Y, Giurato G, Manente R, Terenzi I, Greco R, Boccia G, Pagliano P, Weisz A, Franci G, Rizzo F. Influence of Mycobiota in the Nasopharyngeal Tract of COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1468. [PMID: 39065235 PMCID: PMC11279359 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nasopharyngeal tract contains a complex microbial community essential to maintaining host homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection changes the microbial composition of the nasopharynx. Still, little is known about how it affects the fungal microbiome, which could provide valuable insights into disease pathogenesis. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 55 patients, during three distinct COVID-19 waves that occurred in the Campania Region (southern Italy). An RNA-seq-based analysis was performed to evaluate changes in mycobiota diversity, showing variations depending on the disease's severity and the sample collection wave. The phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were shown to have higher abundance in patients with severe symptoms. Furthermore, the diversity of the fungal population was greater in the second wave. Conclusion: According to our research, COVID-19 induces significant dysbiosis of the fungal microbiome, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis, and understanding its underlying mechanisms could contribute to developing effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlo Ferravante
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.F.); (R.N.B.); (Y.D.); (G.G.); (I.T.); (A.W.)
- Medical Genomics Program, AOU ‘S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona’, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (P.P.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Nicola Brancaccio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.F.); (R.N.B.); (Y.D.); (G.G.); (I.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Ylenia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.F.); (R.N.B.); (Y.D.); (G.G.); (I.T.); (A.W.)
- Medical Genomics Program, AOU ‘S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona’, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.F.); (R.N.B.); (Y.D.); (G.G.); (I.T.); (A.W.)
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Manente
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (P.P.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Terenzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.F.); (R.N.B.); (Y.D.); (G.G.); (I.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Rita Greco
- UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, AORN S. Anna e S. Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (P.P.)
- UOC Igiene Ospedaliera ed Epidemiologia, DAI Igiene Sanitaria e Valutativa, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (P.P.)
- Infectious Disease Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.F.); (R.N.B.); (Y.D.); (G.G.); (I.T.); (A.W.)
- Medical Genomics Program, AOU ‘S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona’, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (P.P.)
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.F.); (R.N.B.); (Y.D.); (G.G.); (I.T.); (A.W.)
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luan T, Commichaux S, Hoffmann M, Jayeola V, Jang JH, Pop M, Rand H, Luo Y. Benchmarking short and long read polishing tools for nanopore assemblies: achieving near-perfect genomes for outbreak isolates. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:679. [PMID: 38978005 PMCID: PMC11232133 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxford Nanopore provides high throughput sequencing platforms able to reconstruct complete bacterial genomes with 99.95% accuracy. However, even small levels of error can obscure the phylogenetic relationships between closely related isolates. Polishing tools have been developed to correct these errors, but it is uncertain if they obtain the accuracy needed for the high-resolution source tracking of foodborne illness outbreaks. RESULTS We tested 132 combinations of assembly and short- and long-read polishing tools to assess their accuracy for reconstructing the genome sequences of 15 highly similar Salmonella enterica serovar Newport isolates from a 2020 onion outbreak. While long-read polishing alone improved accuracy, near perfect accuracy (99.9999% accuracy or ~ 5 nucleotide errors across the 4.8 Mbp genome, excluding low confidence regions) was only obtained by pipelines that combined both long- and short-read polishing tools. Notably, medaka was a more accurate and efficient long-read polisher than Racon. Among short-read polishers, NextPolish showed the highest accuracy, but Pilon, Polypolish, and POLCA performed similarly. Among the 5 best performing pipelines, polishing with medaka followed by NextPolish was the most common combination. Importantly, the order of polishing tools mattered i.e., using less accurate tools after more accurate ones introduced errors. Indels in homopolymers and repetitive regions, where the short reads could not be uniquely mapped, remained the most challenging errors to correct. CONCLUSIONS Short reads are still needed to correct errors in nanopore sequenced assemblies to obtain the accuracy required for source tracking investigations. Our granular assessment of the performance of the polishing pipelines allowed us to suggest best practices for tool users and areas for improvement for tool developers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Luan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Seth Commichaux
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA.
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Victor Jayeola
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jae Hee Jang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Mihai Pop
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Hugh Rand
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tovar-Pedraza JM, Solano-Báez AR, Leyva-Mir SG, Tlapal-Bolaños B, Camacho-Tapia M, García-León E, Ayala-Escobar V, Nava-Díaz C, Quezada-Salinas A, Santiago-Santiago V, Beltrán-Peña H, Hernandez-Hernandez MA, Juárez-Cruz KJ, Márquez-Licona G. The Need and Opportunity to Update the Inventory of Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes in Mexico. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:395. [PMID: 38921381 PMCID: PMC11204560 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mexico generates specific phytosanitary regulations for each product and origin to prevent the entry of quarantine pests and/or delay their spread within the national territory, including fungi and oomycetes. Phytosanitary regulations are established based on available information on the presence or absence of these pathogens in the country; however, the compilation and precise analysis of reports is a challenging task due to many publications lacking scientific rigor in determining the presence of a taxon of phytosanitary interest in the country. This review evaluated various studies reporting the presence of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes in Mexico and concluded that some lists of diseases and phytopathogenic organisms lack technical-scientific basis. Thus, it highlights the need and presents an excellent opportunity to establish a National Collection of Fungal Cultures and a National Herbarium for obligate parasites, as well as to generate a National Database of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes present in Mexico, supported by the combination of morphological, molecular, epidemiological, pathogenicity, symptom, and micrograph data. If realized, this would have a direct impact on many future applications related to various topics, including quarantines, risk analysis, biodiversity studies, and monitoring of fungicide resistance, among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Culiacán, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Alma Rosa Solano-Báez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
| | - Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (S.G.L.-M.); (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-T.)
| | - Bertha Tlapal-Bolaños
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (S.G.L.-M.); (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-T.)
| | - Moisés Camacho-Tapia
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (S.G.L.-M.); (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-T.)
| | - Elizabeth García-León
- Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Guasave 81110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Victoria Ayala-Escobar
- Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.A.-E.); (C.N.-D.)
| | - Cristian Nava-Díaz
- Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (V.A.-E.); (C.N.-D.)
| | - Andrés Quezada-Salinas
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Tecámac 55740, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Santiago-Santiago
- Departamento de Agronomía, Instituto Tecnológico del Altiplano de Tlaxcala, San Diego Xocoyucán 90122, Tlaxcala, Mexico;
| | - Hugo Beltrán-Peña
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Los Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Maria Alondra Hernandez-Hernandez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
| | - Karla Jenifer Juárez-Cruz
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
| | - Guillermo Márquez-Licona
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.S.-B.); (M.A.H.-H.); (K.J.J.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Theologidis I, Karamitros T, Vichou AE, Kizis D. Nanopore-Sequencing Metabarcoding for Identification of Phytopathogenic and Endophytic Fungi in Olive ( Olea europaea) Twigs. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1119. [PMID: 37998924 PMCID: PMC10672464 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding approaches for the identification of plant disease pathogens and characterization of plant microbial populations constitute a rapidly evolving research field. Fungal plant diseases are of major phytopathological concern; thus, the development of metabarcoding approaches for the detection of phytopathogenic fungi is becoming increasingly imperative in the context of plant disease prognosis. We developed a multiplex metabarcoding method for the identification of fungal phytopathogens and endophytes in olive young shoots, using the MinION sequencing platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Selected fungal-specific primers were used to amplify three different genomic DNA loci (ITS, beta-tubulin, and 28S LSU) originating from olive twigs. A multiplex metabarcoding approach was initially evaluated using healthy olive twigs, and further assessed with naturally infected olive twig samples. Bioinformatic analysis of basecalled reads was carried out using MinKNOW, BLAST+ and R programming, and results were also evaluated using the BugSeq cloud platform. Data analysis highlighted the approaches based on ITS and their combination with beta-tubulin as the most informative ones according to diversity estimations. Subsequent implementation of the method on symptomatic samples identified major olive pathogens and endophytes including genera such as Cladosporium, Didymosphaeria, Paraconiothyrium, Penicillium, Phoma, Verticillium, and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Theologidis
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control & Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, 14561 Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Timokratis Karamitros
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Aikaterini-Eleni Vichou
- Laboratory of Mycology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, 14561 Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Kizis
- Laboratory of Mycology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, 14561 Athens, Attica, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Y, Zhang B, Liu S, Zhao Z, Ren W, Chen L, Yang L, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J, Han F, Zhang Y. A Whole-Genome Assembly for Hyaloperonospora parasitica, A Pathogen Causing Downy Mildew in Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:819. [PMID: 37623590 PMCID: PMC10456066 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaloperonospora parasitica is a global pathogen that can cause leaf necrosis and seedling death, severely threatening the quality and yield of cabbage. However, the genome sequence and infection mechanisms of H. parasitica are still unclear. Here, we present the first whole-genome sequence of H. parasitica isolate BJ2020, which causes downy mildew in cabbage. The genome contains 4631 contigs and 9991 protein-coding genes, with a size of 37.10 Mb. The function of 6128 genes has been annotated. We annotated the genome of H. parasitica strain BJ2020 using databases, identifying 2249 PHI-associated genes, 1538 membrane transport proteins, and 126 CAZy-related genes. Comparative analyses between H. parasitica, H.arabidopsidis, and H. brassicae revealed dramatic differences among these three Brassicaceae downy mildew pathogenic fungi. Comprehensive genome-wide clustering analysis of 20 downy mildew-causing pathogens, which infect diverse crops, elucidates the closest phylogenetic affinity between H. parasitica and H. brassicae, the causative agent of downy mildew in Brassica napus. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and a robust foundation for further investigations into the pathogenesis of H. parasitica BJ2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Shaobo Liu
- China Vegetable Biotechnology (Shouguang) Co., Ltd., Shouguang 262700, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- China Vegetable Biotechnology (Shouguang) Co., Ltd., Shouguang 262700, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Limei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Mu Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Honghao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jialei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Fengqing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (B.Z.); (W.R.); (L.C.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wijayawardene NN, Boonyuen N, Ranaweera CB, de Zoysa HKS, Padmathilake RE, Nifla F, Dai DQ, Liu Y, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Bamunuarachchige TC, Chen HH. OMICS and Other Advanced Technologies in Mycological Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:688. [PMID: 37367624 PMCID: PMC10302638 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi play many roles in different ecosystems. The precise identification of fungi is important in different aspects. Historically, they were identified based on morphological characteristics, but technological advancements such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing now enable more accurate identification and taxonomy, and higher-level classifications. However, some species, referred to as "dark taxa", lack distinct physical features that makes their identification challenging. High-throughput sequencing and metagenomics of environmental samples provide a solution to identifying new lineages of fungi. This paper discusses different approaches to taxonomy, including PCR amplification and sequencing of rDNA, multi-loci phylogenetic analyses, and the importance of various omics (large-scale molecular) techniques for understanding fungal applications. The use of proteomics, transcriptomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and interactomics provides a comprehensive understanding of fungi. These advanced technologies are critical for expanding the knowledge of the Kingdom of Fungi, including its impact on food safety and security, edible mushrooms foodomics, fungal secondary metabolites, mycotoxin-producing fungi, and biomedical and therapeutic applications, including antifungal drugs and drug resistance, and fungal omics data for novel drug development. The paper also highlights the importance of exploring fungi from extreme environments and understudied areas to identify novel lineages in the fungal dark taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalin N. Wijayawardene
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China;
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; (H.K.S.d.Z.); (F.N.); (T.C.B.)
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No: 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardane Mawatha, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka
| | - Nattawut Boonyuen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Chathuranga B. Ranaweera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University Sri Lanka, Kandawala Road, Rathmalana 10390, Sri Lanka;
| | - Heethaka K. S. de Zoysa
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; (H.K.S.d.Z.); (F.N.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Rasanie E. Padmathilake
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Pulliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Faarah Nifla
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; (H.K.S.d.Z.); (F.N.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China;
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, No.29, Longtanba Road, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang 550000, China;
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thushara C. Bamunuarachchige
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; (H.K.S.d.Z.); (F.N.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China;
- Key Laboratory of Insect-Pollinator Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Venbrux M, Crauwels S, Rediers H. Current and emerging trends in techniques for plant pathogen detection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120968. [PMID: 37223788 PMCID: PMC10200959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic microorganisms cause substantial yield losses in several economically important crops, resulting in economic and social adversity. The spread of such plant pathogens and the emergence of new diseases is facilitated by human practices such as monoculture farming and global trade. Therefore, the early detection and identification of pathogens is of utmost importance to reduce the associated agricultural losses. In this review, techniques that are currently available to detect plant pathogens are discussed, including culture-based, PCR-based, sequencing-based, and immunology-based techniques. Their working principles are explained, followed by an overview of the main advantages and disadvantages, and examples of their use in plant pathogen detection. In addition to the more conventional and commonly used techniques, we also point to some recent evolutions in the field of plant pathogen detection. The potential use of point-of-care devices, including biosensors, have gained in popularity. These devices can provide fast analysis, are easy to use, and most importantly can be used for on-site diagnosis, allowing the farmers to take rapid disease management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Venbrux
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Crauwels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Rediers
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular Approaches for Detection of Trichoderma Green Mold Disease in Edible Mushroom Production. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020299. [PMID: 36829575 PMCID: PMC9953464 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the evident aggressive nature of green mold and the consequently huge economic damage it causes for producers of edible mushrooms, there is an urgent need for prevention and infection control measures, which should be based on the early detection of various Trichoderma spp. as green mold causative agents. The most promising current diagnostic tools are based on molecular methods, although additional optimization for real-time, in-field detection is still required. In the first part of this review, we briefly discuss cultivation-based methods and continue with the secondary metabolite-based methods. Furthermore, we present an overview of the commonly used molecular methods for Trichoderma species/strain detection. Additionally, we also comment on the potential of genomic approaches for green mold detection. In the last part, we discuss fast screening molecular methods for the early detection of Trichoderma infestation with the potential for in-field, point-of-need (PON) application, focusing on isothermal amplification methods. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in Trichoderma diagnostics are summarized in the conclusions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Martín I, Gálvez L, Guasch L, Palmero D. Fungal Pathogens and Seed Storage in the Dry State. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223167. [PMID: 36432896 PMCID: PMC9697778 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Seeds can harbor a wide range of microorganisms, especially fungi, which can cause different sanitary problems. Seed quality and seed longevity may be drastically reduced by fungi that invade seeds before or after harvest. Seed movement can be a pathway for the spread of diseases into new areas. Some seed-associated fungi can also produce mycotoxins that may cause serious negative effects on humans, animals and the seeds themselves. Seed storage is the most efficient and widely used method for conserving plant genetic resources. The seed storage conditions used in gene banks, low temperature and low seed moisture content, increase seed longevity and are usually favorable for the survival of seed-borne mycoflora. Early detection and identification of seed fungi are essential activities to conserve high-quality seeds and to prevent pathogen dissemination. This article provides an overview of the characteristics and detection methods of seed-borne fungi, with a special focus on their potential effects on gene bank seed conservation. The review includes the following aspects: types of seed-borne fungi, paths of infection and transmission, seed health methods, fungi longevity, risk of pathogen dissemination, the effect of fungi on seed longevity and procedures to reduce the harmful effects of fungi in gene banks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Martín
- Plant Genetic Resource Centre (CRF), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Gálvez
- Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Guasch
- Plant Genetic Resource Centre (CRF), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Daniel Palmero
- Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu F, Li X, Ren H, Zeng R, Wang Z, Hu H, Bao J, Que Y. The First Telomere-to-Telomere Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Stagonospora tainanensis Causing Sugarcane Leaf Blight. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1088. [PMID: 36294653 PMCID: PMC9605480 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sexual morph Leptosphaeria taiwanensis Yen and Chi and its asexual morph Stagonospora tainanensis W. H. Hsieh is an important necrotrophic fungal phytopathogen, which causes sugarcane leaf blight, resulting in loss of cane tonnage and sucrose in susceptible sugarcane varieties. Decoding the genome and understanding of the basis of virulence is vitally important for devising effective disease control strategies. Here, we present a 38.25-Mb high-quality genome assembly of S. tainanensis strain StFZ01, denovo assembled with 10.19 Gb Nanopore sequencing long reads (~267×) and 3.82 Gb Illumina short reads (~100×). The genome assembly consists of 12 contigs with N50 of 2.86 Mb of which 5 belong to the telomere to telomere (T2T) chromosome. It contains 13.20% repeat sequences, 12,543 proteins, and 12,206 protein-coding genes with the BUSCO completeness 99.18% at fungi (n = 758) and 99.87% at ascomycota (n = 1706), indicating the high accuracy and completeness of our gene annotations. The virulence analysis in silico revealed the presence of 2379 PHIs, 599 CAZys, 248 membrane transport proteins, 191 cytochrome P450 enzymes, 609 putative secreted proteins, and 333 effectors in the StFZ01 genome. The genomic resources presented here will not only be helpful for development of specific molecular marker and diagnosis technique, population genetics, molecular taxonomy, and disease managements, it can also provide a significant precise genomic reference for investigating the ascomycetous genome, the necrotrophic lifestyle, and pathogenicity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xu
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhoutao Wang
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|