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Gentilhomme A, Sweet C, Hennon GMM, Collins RE. Genomic signatures of cold adaptation in the family Colwelliaceae. Extremophiles 2024; 28:39. [PMID: 39177827 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Psychrophily is a phenotype describing microbial growth at low temperatures; elucidating the biomolecular and genomic adaptations necessary for survival in the cold is important for understanding life in extreme environments on Earth and in outer space. We used comparative genomics and temperature growth experiments of bacteria from the family Colwelliaceae to identify genomic factors correlated with optimal growth temperature (OGT). A phylogenomic analysis of 67 public and 39 newly sequenced strains revealed three main clades of Colwelliaceae. Temperature growth experiments revealed significant differences in mean OGT by clade, wherein strains of Colwelliaceae had similar growth rates at -1 °C but varied in their ability to tolerate 17 °C. Using amino acid compositional indices, a multiple linear regression model was constructed to predict the OGT of these organisms (RMSE 5.2 °C). Investigation of Colwelliaceae functional genes revealed a putative cold-adaptive gene cassette that was present in psychrophilic strains but absent in a closely related strain with a significantly higher OGT. This study also presents genomic evidence suggesting that the clade of Colwelliaceae containing Colwellia hornerae should be investigated as a new genus. These contributions offer key insights into the psychrophily phenotype and its underlying genomic foundation in the family Colwelliaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Gentilhomme
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2150 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA.
| | - Charles Sweet
- Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD, 21402-5026, USA
| | - Gwenn M M Hennon
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2150 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - R Eric Collins
- Center for Earth Observation Sciences, University of Manitoba, 520 Wallace Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Choudhary P, Bhatt S, Chatterjee S. From freezing to functioning: cellular strategies of cold-adapted bacteria for surviving in extreme environments. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:329. [PMID: 38940837 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability of cold-adapted bacteria to survive in extreme cold and diverse temperatures is due to their unique attributes like cell membrane stability, up-regulation of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, increased production of extracellular polymeric substances, and expansion of membrane pigment. Various cold-adapted proteins, including ice-nucleating proteins (INPs), antifreeze proteins (AFPs), cold shock proteins (Csps), and cold-acclimated proteins (CAPs), help the bacteria to survive in these environments. To sustain cells from extreme cold conditions and maintain stability in temperature fluctuations, survival strategies at the molecular level and their mechanism play significant roles in adaptations in cryospheric conditions. Furthermore, cold shock domains present in the multifunctional cold shock proteins play crucial roles in their adaptation strategies. The considerable contribution of lipopeptides, osmolytes, and membrane pigments plays an integral part in their survival in extreme environments. This review summarizes the evolutionary history of cold-adapted bacteria and their molecular and cellular adaptation strategies to thrive in harsh cold environments. It also discusses the importance of carotenoids produced, lipid composition, cryoprotectants, proteins, and chaperones related to this adaptation. Furthermore, the functions and mechanisms of adaptations within the cell are discussed briefly. One can utilize and explore their potential in various biotechnology applications and their evolutionary journey by knowing the inherent mechanism of their molecular and cellular adaptation to cold climatic conditions. This review will help all branches of the life science community understand the basic microbiology of psychrophiles and their hidden prospect in life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Choudhary
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Sunidhi Bhatt
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Dept. of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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3
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Qiu Q, Li H, Sun X, Zhang L, Tian K, Chang M, Li S, Zhou D, Huo H. Study on the estradiol degradation gene expression and resistance mechanism of Rhodococcus R-001 under low-temperature stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142146. [PMID: 38677604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2), an endocrine disruptor, acts by mimicking or interfering with the normal physiological functions of natural hormones within organisms, leading to issues such as endocrine system disruption. Notably, seasonal fluctuations in environmental temperature may influence the degradation speed of estradiol (E2) in the natural environment, intensifying its potential health and ecological risks. Therefore, this study aims to explore how bacteria can degrade E2 under low-temperature conditions, unveiling their resistance mechanisms, with the goal of developing new strategies to mitigate the threat of E2 to health and ecological safety. In this paper, we found that Rhodococcus equi DSSKP-R-001 (R-001) can efficiently degrade E2 at 30 °C and 10 °C. Six genes in R-001 were shown to be involved in E2 degradation by heterologous expression at 30 °C. Among them, 17β-HSD, KstD2, and KstD3, were also involved in E2 degradation at 10 °C; KstD was not previously known to degrade E2. RNA-seq was used to characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to explore the stress response of R-001 to low-temperature environments to elucidate the strain's adaptation mechanism. At the low temperature, R-001 cells changed from a round spherical shape to a long rod or irregular shape with elevated unsaturated fatty acids and were consistent with the corresponding genetic changes. Many differentially expressed genes linked to the cold stress response were observed. R-001 was found to upregulate genes encoding cold shock proteins, fatty acid metabolism proteins, the ABC transport system, DNA damage repair, energy metabolism and transcriptional regulators. In this study, we demonstrated six E2 degradation genes in R-001 and found for the first time that E2 degradation genes have different expression characteristics at 30 °C and 10 °C. Linking R-001 to cold acclimation provides new insights and a mechanistic basis for the simultaneous degradation of E2 under cold stress in Rhodococcus adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qiu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Han Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejian Sun
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Kejian Tian
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Menghan Chang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Shuaiguo Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Hongliang Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
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4
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Moreno-Pino M, Manrique-de-la-Cuba MF, López-Rodríguez M, Parada-Pozo G, Rodríguez-Marconi S, Ribeiro CG, Flores-Herrera P, Guajardo M, Trefault N. Unveiling microbial guilds and symbiotic relationships in Antarctic sponge microbiomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6371. [PMID: 38493232 PMCID: PMC10944490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges host diverse microbial communities. Although we know many of its ecological patterns, a deeper understanding of the polar sponge holobiont is still needed. We combine high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes, including the largest taxonomic repertoire of Antarctic sponge species analyzed to date, functional metagenomics, and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Our findings show that sponges harbor more exclusive bacterial and archaeal communities than seawater, while microbial eukaryotes are mostly shared. Furthermore, bacteria in Antarctic sponge holobionts establish more cooperative interactions than in sponge holobionts from other environments. The bacterial classes that established more positive relations were Bacteroidia, Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria. Antarctic sponge microbiomes contain microbial guilds that encompass ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The retrieved MAGs showed a high level of novelty and streamlining signals and belong to the most abundant members of the main microbial guilds in the Antarctic sponge holobiont. Moreover, the genomes of these symbiotic bacteria contain highly abundant functions related to their adaptation to the cold environment, vitamin production, and symbiotic lifestyle, helping the holobiont survive in this extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Moreno-Pino
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Génesis Parada-Pozo
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus in Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts (MASH), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Patricio Flores-Herrera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Guajardo
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Trefault
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, 8580745, Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus in Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts (MASH), Puerto Montt, Chile.
- FONDAP Center IDEAL- Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystem, Valdivia, Chile.
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5
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Akulava V, Smirnova M, Byrtusova D, Zimmermann B, Ekeberg D, Kohler A, Blazhko U, Miamin U, Valentovich L, Shapaval V. Explorative characterization and taxonomy-aligned comparison of alterations in lipids and other biomolecules in Antarctic bacteria grown at different temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13232. [PMID: 38308519 PMCID: PMC10878007 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Temperature significantly impacts bacterial physiology, metabolism and cell chemistry. In this study, we analysed lipids and the total cellular biochemical profile of 74 fast-growing Antarctic bacteria grown at different temperatures. Fatty acid diversity and temperature-induced alterations aligned with bacterial classification-Gram-groups, phylum, genus and species. Total lipid content, varied from 4% to 19% of cell dry weight, was genus- and species-specific. Most bacteria increased lipid content at lower temperatures. The effect of temperature on the profile was complex and more species-specific, while some common for all bacteria responses were recorded. Gram-negative bacteria adjusted unsaturation and acyl chain length. Gram-positive bacteria adjusted methyl branching (anteiso-/iso-), chain length and unsaturation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed Gram-, genus- and species-specific changes in the total cellular biochemical profile triggered by temperature fluctuations. The most significant temperature-related alterations detected on all taxonomy levels were recorded for mixed region 1500-900 cm-1 , specifically the band at 1083 cm-1 related to phosphodiester groups mainly from phospholipids (for Gram-negative bacteria) and teichoic/lipoteichoic acids (for Gram-positive bacteria). Some changes in protein region were detected for a few genera, while the lipid region remained relatively stable despite the temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Akulava
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Margarita Smirnova
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Dana Byrtusova
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Dag Ekeberg
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Uladzislau Blazhko
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | | | - Leonid Valentovich
- Institute of MicrobiologyNational Academy of Sciences of BelarusMinskBelarus
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
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6
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Xu H, Xu D, Liu Y. Molecular Biology Applications of Psychrophilic Enzymes: Adaptations, Advantages, Expression, and Prospective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04810-5. [PMID: 38183603 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Psychrophilic enzymes are primarily produced by microorganisms from extremely low-temperature environments which are known as psychrophiles. Their high efficiency at low temperatures and easy heat inactivation property have attracted extensive attention from various food and industrial bioprocesses. However, the application of these enzymes in molecular biology is still limited. In a previous review, the applications of psychrophilic enzymes in industries such as the detergent additives, the food additives, the bioremediation, and the pharmaceutical medicine, and cosmetics have been discussed. In this review, we discuss the main cold adaptation characteristics of psychrophiles and psychrophilic enzymes, as well as the relevant information on different psychrophilic enzymes in molecular biology. We summarize the mining and screening methods of psychrophilic enzymes. We finally recap the expression of psychrophilic enzymes. We aim to provide a reference process for the exploration and expression of new generation of psychrophilic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Center for Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yongqin Liu
- Center for Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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7
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Wood C, Bruinink A, Trembath-Reichert E, Wilhelm MB, Vidal C, Balaban E, McKay CP, Swan R, Swan B, Goordial J. Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycad002. [PMID: 38304082 PMCID: PMC10833075 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Dry permafrost is a challenging environment for microbial life due to cold, dry, and often oligotrophic conditions. In 2016, Elephant Head, Antarctica, was confirmed as the second site on Earth to contain dry permafrost. It is geographically distinct from the McMurdo Dry Valleys where dry permafrost has been studied previously. Here, we present the first study of the microbial activity, diversity, and functional potential of Elephant Head dry permafrost. Microbial activity was measured using radiorespiration assays with radiolabeled acetate as a carbon source at 5, 0, and -5°C. Low, but detectable, rates of microbial activity were measured in some samples at 0 and -5°C. This is distinct from previous studies of McMurdo Dry Valley dry permafrost which concluded that dry permafrost represents a cold-arid limit to life on the planet. The isolation of cold-adapted organisms from these soils, including one capable of subzero growth, further supports that the Elephant Head dry active layer and dry permafrost harbor viable microbial life, which may be active in situ. Metagenomic, 16S rRNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer and amplicon sequencing identified similar microbial communities to other Antarctic and cold environments. The Elephant Head microbial community appears to be adapted for survival in cold, dry, and oligotrophic conditions based on the presence of cold adaptation and stress response genes in the metagenomes. Together, our results show that dry permafrost environments do not exclude active microbial life at subzero temperatures, suggesting that the cold, dry soils of Mars may also not be as inhospitable as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wood
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alyssa Bruinink
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Trembath-Reichert
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 781 Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Mary Beth Wilhelm
- Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
| | - Chanel Vidal
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 781 Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Edward Balaban
- Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
| | - Christopher P McKay
- Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
| | - Robert Swan
- 2041 Foundation, 130 Wescott Ct, Auburn, CA 95603, United States
| | - Barney Swan
- 2041 Foundation, 130 Wescott Ct, Auburn, CA 95603, United States
| | - Jackie Goordial
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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8
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Touchette D, Gostinčar C, Whyte LG, Altshuler I. Lichen-associated microbial members are prevalent in the snow microbiome of a sub-arctic alpine tundra. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad151. [PMID: 37977855 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Snow is the largest component of the cryosphere, with its cover and distribution rapidly decreasing over the last decade due to climate warming. It is imperative to characterize the snow (nival) microbial communities to better understand the role of microorganisms inhabiting these rapidly changing environments. Here, we investigated the core nival microbiome, the cultivable microbial members, and the microbial functional diversity of the remote Uapishka mountain range, a massif of alpine sub-arctic tundra and boreal forest. Snow samples were taken over a two-month interval along an altitude gradient with varying degree of anthropogenic traffic and vegetation cover. The core snow alpine tundra/boreal microbiome, which was present across all samples, constituted of Acetobacterales, Rhizobiales and Acidobacteriales bacterial orders, and of Mycosphaerellales and Lecanorales fungal orders, with the dominant fungal taxa being associated with lichens. The snow samples had low active functional diversity, with Richness values ranging from 0 to 19.5. The culture-based viable microbial enumeration ranged from 0 to 8.05 × 103 CFUs/mL. We isolated and whole-genome sequenced five microorganisms which included three fungi, one alga, and one potentially novel bacterium of the Lichenihabitans genus; all of which appear to be part of lichen-associated taxonomic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Touchette
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Canada
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, ALPOLE, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - C Gostinčar
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - L G Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - I Altshuler
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Canada
- MACE Laboratory, ALPOLE, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950, Sion, Switzerland
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9
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Chauhan M, Kimothi A, Sharma A, Pandey A. Cold adapted Pseudomonas: ecology to biotechnology. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218708. [PMID: 37529326 PMCID: PMC10388556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cold adapted microorganisms, psychrophiles/psychrotolerants, go through several modifications at cellular and biochemical levels to alleviate the influence of low temperature stress conditions. The low temperature environments depend on these cold adapted microorganisms for various ecological processes. The ability of the microorganisms to function in cold environments depends on the strategies directly associated with cell metabolism, physicochemical constrains, and stress factors. Pseudomonas is one among such group of microorganisms which is predominant in cold environments with a wide range of ecological and biotechnological applications. Bioformulations of Pseudomonas spp., possessing plant growth promotion and biocontrol abilities for application under low temperature environments, are well documented. Further, recent advances in high throughput sequencing provide essential information regarding the prevalence of Pseudomonas in rhizospheres and their role in plant health. Cold adapted species of Pseudomonas are also getting recognition for their potential in biodegradation and bioremediation of environmental contaminants. Production of enzymes and bioactive compounds (primarily as an adaptation mechanism) gives way to their applications in various industries. Exopolysaccharides and various biotechnologically important enzymes, produced by cold adapted species of Pseudomonas, are making their way in food, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. The present review, therefore, aims to summarize the functional versatility of Pseudomonas with particular reference to its peculiarities along with the ecological and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ayushi Kimothi
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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10
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Bao C, Li M, Zhao X, Shi J, Liu Y, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Ma J, Chen G, Zhang S, Chen H. Mining of key genes for cold adaptation from Pseudomonas fragi D12 and analysis of its cold-adaptation mechanism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215837. [PMID: 37485517 PMCID: PMC10358777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychrotroph Pseudomonas fragi D12, which grew strongly under low temperatures, was screened from tundra soil collected from the permanent alpine zone on Changbai Mountain. To mine the genes critical for cold tolerance and to investigate the cold-adaptation mechanism, whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomic analysis, and transcriptome analysis were performed with P. fragi. A total of 124 potential cold adaptation genes were identified, including nineteen unique cold-adaptive genes were detected in the genome of P. fragi D12. Three unique genes associated with pili protein were significantly upregulated at different degrees of low temperature, which may be the key to the strong low-temperature adaptability of P. fragi D12. Meanwhile, we were pleasantly surprised to find that Pseudomonas fragi D12 exhibited different cold-adaptation mechanisms under different temperature changes. When the temperature declined from 30°C to 15°C, the response included maintenance of the fluidity of cell membranes, increased production of extracellular polymers, elevation in the content of compatibility solutes, and reduction in the content of reactive oxygen species, thereby providing a stable metabolic environment. When the temperature decreased from 15°C to 4°C, the response mainly included increases in the expression of molecular chaperones and transcription factors, enabling the bacteria to restore normal transcription and translation. The response mechanism of P. fragi D12 to low-temperature exposure is discussed. The results provide new ideas for the cold-adaptation mechanism of cold-tolerant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Muzi Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhui Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Li X, Zhang M, Dang C, Wu Z, Xia Y. In situ Nanopore sequencing reveals metabolic characteristics of the Qilian glacier meltwater microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84805-84813. [PMID: 37341942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore metagenomic sequencing enables rapid annotating microbiological ecosystems, and the previous glacier-related sequencing applications (e.g., targeted ice sheets, ice lake, and cryoconite holes) inspire us to explore high-altitude glacier meltwater at Qilian Mountain, China (3000 to 4000 m above sea level, MASL). Our findings suggest that (1) despite only several hundred meters apart, the microbial communities and functionalities are quite different among vertical alpine distributions; (2) the high-altitude Qilian meltwater microbiome serve several main metabolic functions, including sulfur oxidation, selenite decomposing, photosynthesis, energy production, enzymic, and UV tolerant activities. Meanwhile, our Nanopore metagenomic results indicate that the microbial classifications and functionalities (e.g., chaperones, cold-shock, specific tRNA species, oxidative stress, and resistance to toxic compounds) of Qilian meltwater are highly consistent with the other glacial microbiome, emphasizing that only certain microbial species can survive in the cold environment and the molecular adaptions and lifestyles remain stable all over the world. Besides, we have shown Nanopore metagenomic sequencing can provide reliable prokaryotic classifications within or among studies, which therefore can encourage more applications in the field given faster turnaround time. However, we recommend accumulating at least 400 ng nucleic acids (after extraction) and maximizing Nanopore library preparation efficiency before on-site sequencing to obtain better resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chenyuan Dang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziqi Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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12
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Satari L, Iglesias A, Porcar M. The Microbiome of Things: Appliances, Machines, and Devices Hosting Artificial Niche-Adapted Microbial Communities. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1507. [PMID: 37375009 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As it is the case with natural substrates, artificial surfaces of man-made devices are home to a myriad of microbial species. Artificial products are not necessarily characterized by human-associated microbiomes; instead, they can present original microbial populations shaped by specific environmental-often extreme-selection pressures. This review provides a detailed insight into the microbial ecology of a range of artificial devices, machines, and appliances, which we argue are specific microbial niches that do not necessarily fit in the "build environment" microbiome definition. Instead, we propose here the Microbiome of Things (MoT) concept analogous to the Internet of Things (IoT) because we believe it may be useful to shed light on human-made, but not necessarily human-related, unexplored microbial niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Satari
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence SL., Parc Científic, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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13
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Schnecker J, Spiegel F, Li Y, Richter A, Sandén T, Spiegel H, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Fuchslueger L. Microbial responses to soil cooling might explain increases in microbial biomass in winter. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2023; 164:521-535. [PMID: 37475883 PMCID: PMC10354169 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-023-01050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In temperate, boreal and arctic soil systems, microbial biomass often increases during winter and decreases again in spring. This build-up and release of microbial carbon could potentially lead to a stabilization of soil carbon during winter times. Whether this increase is caused by changes in microbial physiology, in community composition, or by changed substrate allocation within microbes or communities is unclear. In a laboratory incubation study, we looked into microbial respiration and growth, as well as microbial glucose uptake and carbon resource partitioning in response to cooling. Soils taken from a temperate beech forest and temperate cropland system in October 2020, were cooled down from field temperature of 11 °C to 1 °C. We determined microbial growth using 18O-incorporation into DNA after the first two days of cooling and after an acclimation phase of 9 days; in addition, we traced 13C-labelled glucose into microbial biomass, CO2 respired from the soil, and into microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Our results show that the studied soil microbial communities responded strongly to soil cooling. The 18O data showed that growth and cell division were reduced when soils were cooled from 11 to 1 °C. Total respiration was also reduced but glucose uptake and glucose-derived respiration were unchanged. We found that microbes increased the investment of glucose-derived carbon in unsaturated phospholipid fatty acids at colder temperatures. Since unsaturated fatty acids retain fluidity at lower temperatures compared to saturated fatty acids, this could be interpreted as a precaution to reduced temperatures. Together with the maintained glucose uptake and reduced cell division, our findings show an immediate response of soil microorganisms to soil cooling, potentially to prepare for freezing events. The discrepancy between C uptake and cell division could explain previously observed high microbial biomass carbon in temperate soils in winter. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-023-01050-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schnecker
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Spiegel
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yue Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taru Sandén
- Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Heide Spiegel
- Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Musialowski M, Kowalewska Ł, Stasiuk R, Krucoń T, Debiec-Andrzejewska K. Metabolically versatile psychrotolerant Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B is an efficient producer of siderophores and accompanying metabolites (SAM) useful for agricultural purposes. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:85. [PMID: 37120505 PMCID: PMC10149013 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial siderophores are chelating compounds with the potential of application in agriculture, due to their plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties, however, high production and purification costs are limiting factors for their wider application. Cost-efficiency of the production could be increased by omitting purification processes, especially since siderophores accompanying metabolites (SAM) often also possess PGP traits. In this study, the metabolism versatility of Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B was used for the optimization of siderophores production and the potential of these metabolites and SAM was characterized in the context of PGP properties. RESULTS The metabolic diversity of ANT_H12B was examined through genomic analysis and phenotype microarrays. The strain was found to be able to use numerous C, N, P, and S sources, which allowed for the design of novel media suitable for efficient production of siderophores in the form of pyoverdine (223.50-512.60 μM). Moreover, depending on the culture medium, the pH of the siderophores and SAM solutions varied from acidic (pH < 5) to alkaline (pH > 8). In a germination test, siderophores and SAM were shown to have a positive effect on plants, with a significant increase in germination percentage observed in beetroot, pea, and tobacco. The PGP potential of SAM was further elucidated through GC/MS analysis, which revealed other compounds with PGP potential, such as indolic acetic acids, organic acids, fatty acids, sugars and alcohols. These compounds not only improved seed germination but could also potentially be beneficial for plant fitness and soil quality. CONCLUSIONS Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B was presented as an efficient producer of siderophores and SAM which exhibit PGP potential. It was also shown that omitting downstream processes could not only limit the costs of siderophores production but also improve their agricultural potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Musialowski
- Department of Geomicrobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ł Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Stasiuk
- Department of Geomicrobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Krucoń
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Debiec-Andrzejewska
- Department of Geomicrobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Nováková D, Koublová V, Sedlář K, Staňková E, Králová S, Švec P, Neumann-Schaal M, Wolf J, Koudelková S, Barták M, Sedláček I. Pseudomonas petrae sp. nov. isolated from regolith samples in Antarctica. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126424. [PMID: 37167755 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize the four strains P2653T, P2652, P2498, and P2647, isolated from Antarctic regolith samples. Initial genotype screening performed by PCR fingerprinting based on repetitive sequences showed that the isolates studied formed a coherent cluster separated from the other Pseudomonas species. Identification results based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the highest sequence similarity with Pseudomonas graminis (99.7%), which was confirmed by multilocus sequence analysis using the rpoB, rpoD, and gyrB genes. Genome sequence comparison of P2653T with the most related P. graminis type strain DSM 11363T revealed an average nucleotide identity of 92.1% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 46.6%. The major fatty acids for all Antarctic strains were C16:0, Summed Feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c) and Summed Feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c). The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The regolith strains could be differentiated from related species by the absence of arginine dihydrolase, ornithine and lysine decarboxylase and by negative tyrosine hydrolysis. The results of this polyphasic study allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of four analysed strains from the closest related species, which confirmed that the strains represent a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas petrae sp. nov. is proposed with P2653T (CCM 8850T = DSM 112068T = LMG 30619T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Nováková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vendula Koublová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sedlář
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstraße 17, 803 33 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Staňková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Králová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sylva Koudelková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Section of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Sedláček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Dopson M, González-Rosales C, Holmes DS, Mykytczuk N. Eurypsychrophilic acidophiles: From (meta)genomes to low-temperature biotechnologies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1149903. [PMID: 37007468 PMCID: PMC10050440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature and acidic environments encompass natural milieus such as acid rock drainage in Antarctica and anthropogenic sites including drained sulfidic sediments in Scandinavia. The microorganisms inhabiting these environments include polyextremophiles that are both extreme acidophiles (defined as having an optimum growth pH < 3), and eurypsychrophiles that grow at low temperatures down to approximately 4°C but have an optimum temperature for growth above 15°C. Eurypsychrophilic acidophiles have important roles in natural biogeochemical cycling on earth and potentially on other planetary bodies and moons along with biotechnological applications in, for instance, low-temperature metal dissolution from metal sulfides. Five low-temperature acidophiles are characterized, namely, Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, “Ferrovum myxofaciens,” and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans, and their characteristics are reviewed. Our understanding of characterized and environmental eurypsychrophilic acidophiles has been accelerated by the application of “omics” techniques that have aided in revealing adaptations to low pH and temperature that can be synergistic, while other adaptations are potentially antagonistic. The lack of known acidophiles that exclusively grow below 15°C may be due to the antagonistic nature of adaptations in this polyextremophile. In conclusion, this review summarizes the knowledge of eurypsychrophilic acidophiles and places the information in evolutionary, environmental, biotechnological, and exobiology perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dopson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Mark Dopson
| | - Carolina González-Rosales
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - David S. Holmes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nadia Mykytczuk
- Goodman School of Mines, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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18
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Huang A, Lu F, Liu F. Discrimination of psychrophilic enzymes using machine learning algorithms with amino acid composition descriptor. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130594. [PMID: 36860491 PMCID: PMC9968940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychrophilic enzymes are a class of macromolecules with high catalytic activity at low temperatures. Cold-active enzymes possessing eco-friendly and cost-effective properties, are of huge potential application in detergent, textiles, environmental remediation, pharmaceutical as well as food industry. Compared with the time-consuming and labor-intensive experiments, computational modeling especially the machine learning (ML) algorithm is a high-throughput screening tool to identify psychrophilic enzymes efficiently. Methods In this study, the influence of 4 ML methods (support vector machines, K-nearest neighbor, random forest, and naïve Bayes), and three descriptors, i.e., amino acid composition (AAC), dipeptide combinations (DPC), and AAC + DPC on the model performance were systematically analyzed. Results and discussion Among the 4 ML methods, the support vector machine model based on the AAC descriptor using 5-fold cross-validation achieved the best prediction accuracy with 80.6%. The AAC outperformed than the DPC and AAC + DPC descriptors regardless of the ML methods used. In addition, amino acid frequencies between psychrophilic and non-psychrophilic proteins revealed that higher frequencies of Ala, Gly, Ser, and Thr, and lower frequencies of Glu, Lys, Arg, Ile,Val, and Leu could be related to the protein psychrophilicity. Further, ternary models were also developed that could classify psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic proteins effectively. The predictive accuracy of the ternary classification model using AAC descriptor via the support vector machine algorithm was 75.8%. These findings would enhance our insight into the cold-adaption mechanisms of psychrophilic proteins and aid in the design of engineered cold-active enzymes. Moreover, the proposed model could be used as a screening tool to identify novel cold-adapted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Fufeng Liu, ✉ ;
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19
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Identification of phenotypic and genotypic properties and cold adaptive mechanisms of novel freeze–thaw stress-resistant strain Pseudomonas mandelii from Antarctica. Polar Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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20
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Khan A, Singh AV, Pareek N, Arya P, Upadhayay VK, Kumar Jugran A, Kumar Mishra P, Goel R. Credibility assessment of cold adaptive Pseudomonas jesenni MP1 and P. palleroniana N26 on growth, rhizosphere dynamics, nutrient status, and yield of the kidney bean cultivated in Indian Central Himalaya. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1042053. [PMID: 36798715 PMCID: PMC9926967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1042053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) productivity and nutritional quality are declining due to less nutrient accessibility, poor soil health, and indigent agronomic practices in hilly regions, which collectively led to a fall in farmer's income, and to malnutrition in consumers. Addressing such issues, the present investigation was designed to assess the impact of Pseudomonas jesenii MP1 and Pseudomonas palleroniana N26 treatment on soil health, microbial shift, yield, and nutrient status of the kidney bean in the Harsil and Chakrata locations of Indian Central Himalaya. P. jesenii MP1 and P. palleroniana N26 were characterized as cold adaptive PGPR as they possessed remarkable in vitro plant growth promoting traits. Further, field trial study with PGPR treatments demonstrated remarkable and prolific influence of both strains on yield, kidney bean nutrient status, and soil health at both geographical locations, which was indicated with improved grain yield (11.61%-23.78%), protein (6.13%-24.46%), and zinc content (21.86%-61.17%) over control. The metagenomic study revealed that use of bioinoculants also concentrated the nutrient mobilizing and plant beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the kidney bean. Moreover, correlation analysis also confirmed that the plant growth-promoting traits of P. jesenii MP1 and P. palleroniana N26 are the basis for improved yield and nutrient status of the kidney bean. Further, cluster and principal component analysis revealed that both P. jesenii MP1 and P. palleroniana N26 exhibited pronounced influence on yield attributes of the kidney bean at both the locations. At the Harsil location, the P. jesenii MP1-treated seed demonstrated highest grain yield over other treatments, whereas at Chakarata, P. jesenii MP1, and P. palleroniana N26 treatment showed almost equal enhancement (~23%) in grain yield over control. The above results revealed that these bioinoculants are efficient plant growth promoters and nutrient mobilizers; they could be used as green technology to improve human health and farmer's income by enhancing soil health, yield, and nutrient status of the kidney bean at hilly regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khan
- Biofortification lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Ajay Veer Singh
- Biofortification lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Navneet Pareek
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Pratima Arya
- Biofortification lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Viabhav Kumar Upadhayay
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Samastipur, India
| | - Arun Kumar Jugran
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Reeta Goel
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Besrour-Aouam N, de Los Rios V, Hernández-Alcántara AM, Mohedano ML, Najjari A, López P, Ouzari HI. Proteomic and in silico analyses of dextran synthesis influence on Leuconostoc lactis AV1n adaptation to temperature change. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1077375. [PMID: 36713162 PMCID: PMC9875047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1077375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc lactis is found in vegetables, fruits, and meat and is used by the food industry in the preparation of dairy products, wines, and sugars. We have previously demonstrated that the dextransucrase of Lc. lactis (DsrLL) AV1n produces a high-molecular-weight dextran from sucrose, indicating its potential use as a dextran-forming starter culture. We have also shown that this bacterium was able to produce 10-fold higher levels of dextran at 20°C than at 37°C, at the former temperature accompanied by an increase in dsrLL gene expression. However, the general physiological response of Lc. lactis AV1n to cold temperature in the presence of sucrose, leading to increased production of dextran, has not been yet investigated. Therefore, we have used a quantitative proteomics approach to investigate the cold temperature-induced changes in the proteomic profile of this strain in comparison to its proteomic response at 37°C. In total, 337 proteins were found to be differentially expressed at the applied significance criteria (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR 5%, and with a fold-change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67) with 204 proteins overexpressed, among which 13% were involved in protein as well as cell wall, and envelope component biosynthesis including DsrLL. Proteins implicated in cold stress were expressed at a high level at 20°C and possibly play a role in the upregulation of DsrLL, allowing the efficient synthesis of the protein essential for its adaptation to cold. Post-transcriptional regulation of DsrLL expression also seems to take place through the interplay of exonucleases and endonucleases overexpressed at 20°C, which would influence the half-life of the dsrLL transcript. Furthermore, the mechanism of cold resistance of Lc. lactis AV1n seems to be also based on energy saving through a decrease in growth rate mediated by a decrease in carbohydrate metabolism and its orientation toward the production pathways for storage molecules. Thus, this better understanding of the responses to low temperature and mechanisms for environmental adaptation of Lc. lactis could be exploited for industrial use of strains belonging to this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhane Besrour-Aouam
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vivian de Los Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mᵃ Luz Mohedano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Afef Najjari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Paloma López
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Paloma López,
| | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia,Hadda-Imene Ouzari,
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22
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Styczynski M, Rogowska A, Nyabayo C, Decewicz P, Romaniuk F, Pączkowski C, Szakiel A, Suessmuth R, Dziewit L. Heterologous production and characterization of a pyomelanin of Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H4: a metabolite protecting against UV and free radicals, interacting with iron from minerals and exhibiting priming properties toward plant hairy roots. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:261. [PMID: 36527127 PMCID: PMC9756463 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments in the world. This region is inhabited by specifically adapted microorganisms that produce various unique secondary metabolites (e.g. pigments) enabling their survival under the harsh environmental conditions. It was already shown that these natural, biologically active molecules may find application in various fields of biotechnology. RESULTS In this study, a cold-active brown-pigment-producing Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H4 strain was characterized. In-depth genomic analysis combined with the application of a fosmid expression system revealed two different pathways of melanin-like compounds biosynthesis by the ANT_H4 strain. The chromatographic behavior and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analyses allowed for the identification of the extracted melanin-like compound as a pyomelanin. Furthermore, optimization of the production and thorough functional analyses of the pyomelanin were performed to test its usability in biotechnology. It was confirmed that ANT_H4-derived pyomelanin increases the sun protection factor, enables scavenging of free radicals, and interacts with the iron from minerals. Moreover, it was shown for the first time that pyomelanin exhibits priming properties toward Calendula officinalis hairy roots in in vitro cultures. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study indicate the significant biotechnological potential of ANT_H4-derived pyomelanin and open opportunities for future applications. Taking into account protective features of analyzed pyomelanin it may be potentially used in medical biotechnology and cosmetology. Especially interesting was showing that pyomelanin exhibits priming properties toward hairy roots, which creates a perspective for its usage for the development of novel and sustainable agrotechnical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Styczynski
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Rogowska
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christine Nyabayo
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Decewicz
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Romaniuk
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Pączkowski
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szakiel
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roderich Suessmuth
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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A Review on Psychrophilic β-D-Galactosidases and Their Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2743-2766. [PMID: 36422804 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the Earth's ecosystem is frigid and frozen, which permits a vast range of microbial life forms to thrive by triggering physiological responses that allow them to survive in cold and frozen settings. The apparent biotechnology value of these cold-adapted enzymes has been targeted. Enzymes' market size was around USD 6.3 billion in 2017 and will witness growth at around 6.8% CAGR up to 2024 owing to shifting consumer preferences towards packaged and processed foods due to the rising awareness pertaining to food safety and security reported by Global Market Insights (Report ID-GMI 743). Various firms are looking for innovative psychrophilic enzymes in order to construct more effective biochemical pathways with shorter reaction times, use less energy, and are ecologically acceptable. D-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic oxygen link between the terminal non-reducing D-galactoside unit and the glycoside molecule. At refrigerated temperature, the stable structure of psychrophile enzymes adjusts for the reduced kinetic energy. It may be beneficial in a wide variety of activities such as pasteurization of food, conversion of biomass, biological role of biomolecules, ambient biosensors, and phytoremediation. Recently, psychrophile enzymes are also used in claning the contact lens. β-D-Galactosidases have been identified and extracted from yeasts, fungi, bacteria, and plants. Conventional (hydrolyzing activity) and nonconventional (non-hydrolytic activity) applications are available for these enzymes due to its transgalactosylation activity which produce high value-added oligosaccharides. This review content will offer new perspectives on cold-active β-galactosidases, their source, structure, stability, and application.
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24
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de Francisco Martínez P, Morgante V, González-Pastor JE. Isolation of novel cold-tolerance genes from rhizosphere microorganisms of Antarctic plants by functional metagenomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026463. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms that thrive in Antarctica, one of the coldest environments on the planet, have developed diverse adaptation mechanisms to survive in these extreme conditions. Through functional metagenomics, in this work, 29 new genes related to cold tolerance have been isolated and characterized from metagenomic libraries of microorganisms from the rhizosphere of two Antarctic plants. Both libraries were hosted in two cold-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli: DH10B ΔcsdA and DH10B ΔcsdA Δrnr. The csdA gene encodes a DEAD-box RNA helicase and rnr gene encodes an exoribonuclease, both essential for cold-adaptation. Cold-tolerance tests have been carried out in solid and liquid media at 15°C. Among the cold-tolerance genes identified, 12 encode hypothetical and unknown proteins, and 17 encode a wide variety of different proteins previously related to other well-characterized ones involved in metabolism reactions, transport and membrane processes, or genetic information processes. Most of them have been connected to cold-tolerance mechanisms. Interestingly, 13 genes had no homologs in E. coli, thus potentially providing entirely new adaptation strategies for this bacterium. Moreover, ten genes also conferred resistance to UV-B radiation, another extreme condition in Antarctica.
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25
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Vishnyakova A, Popova N, Artemiev G, Botchkova E, Litti Y, Safonov A. Effect of Mineral Carriers on Biofilm Formation and Nitrogen Removal Activity by an Indigenous Anammox Community from Cold Groundwater Ecosystem Alone and Bioaugmented with Biomass from a “Warm” Anammox Reactor. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101421. [PMID: 36290325 PMCID: PMC9598201 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary During more than 50 years of exploitation of the sludge repositories near Chepetsky Mechanical Plant (Glazov, Udmurtia, Russia) containing solid wastes of uranium and processed polymetallic concentrate, the soluble compounds entered the upper aquifer due to infiltration. Nowadays, this has resulted in a high level of pollution of the groundwater with reduced and oxidized nitrogen compounds. In this work, quartz, kaolin, and bentonite clays from various deposits were shown to induce biofilm formation and enhance nitrogen removal by an indigenous microbial community capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite (anammox) at low temperatures. The addition of a “warm” anammox community was also effective in further improving nitrogen removal and expanding the list of mineral carriers most suitable for creating a permeable reactive barrier. It has been suggested that the anammox activity is determined by the presence of essential trace elements in the carrier, the morphology of its surface, and most importantly, competition from rapidly growing microbial groups. Future work was discussed to adapt the “warm” anammox community to cold and provide the anammox community with nitrite through a partial denitrification route within the scope of sustainable anammox-based bioremediation of a nitrogen-polluted cold aquifer. In this unique habitat, novel species of anammox bacteria that are adapted to cold and heavy nitrogen pollution can be discovered. Abstract The complex pollution of aquifers by reduced and oxidized nitrogen compounds is currently considered one of the urgent environmental problems that require non-standard solutions. This work was a laboratory-scale trial to show the feasibility of using various mineral carriers to create a permeable in situ barrier in cold (10 °C) aquifers with extremely high nitrogen pollution and inhabited by the Candidatus Scalindua-dominated indigenous anammox community. It has been established that for the removal of ammonium and nitrite in situ due to the predominant contribution of the anammox process, quartz, kaolin clays of the Kantatsky and Kamalinsky deposits, bentonite clay of the Berezovsky deposit, and zeolite of the Kholinsky deposit can be used as components of the permeable barrier. Biofouling of natural loams from a contaminated aquifer can also occur under favorable conditions. It has been suggested that the anammox activity is determined by a number of factors, including the presence of the essential trace elements in the carrier and the surface morphology. However, one of the most important factors is competition with other microbial groups that can develop on the surface of the carrier at a faster rate. For this reason, carriers with a high specific surface area and containing the necessary microelements were overgrown with the most rapidly growing microorganisms. Bioaugmentation with a “warm” anammox community from a laboratory reactor dominated by Ca. Kuenenia improved nitrogen removal rates and biofilm formation on most of the mineral carriers, including bentonite clay of the Dinozavrovoye deposit, as well as loamy rock and zeolite-containing tripoli, in addition to carriers that perform best with the indigenous anammox community. The feasibility of coupled partial denitrification–anammox and the adaptation of a “warm” anammox community to low temperatures and hazardous components contained in polluted groundwater prior to bioaugmentation should be the scope of future research to enhance the anammox process in cold, nitrate-rich aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vishnyakova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Popova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy Artemiev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Botchkova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Litti
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(926)-369-92-43
| | - Alexey Safonov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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26
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Centurion VB, Campanaro S, Basile A, Treu L, Oliveira VM. Microbiome structure in biofilms from a volcanic island in Maritime Antarctica investigated by genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127197. [PMID: 36174355 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Antarctica is the coldest and driest continent on Earth, characterized by polyextreme environmental conditions, where species adapted form complex networks of interactions. Microbial communities growing in these harsh environments can form biofilms that help the associated species to survive and thrive. A rich body of knowledge describes environmental biofilm communities; however, most studies have focused on dominant community members rather than functional complexity and metabolic potential. To overcome these limitations, the present study used genome-centric metagenomics to describe two biofilm samples subjected to different temperature collected in Deception Island, Maritime Antarctica. The results unraveled a complex biofilm microbiome represented by 180 metagenome-assembled genomes. The potential metabolic interactions were investigated using metabolic flux balance analysis and revealed that purple bacteria are the community members with the highest correlations with other bacteria. Due to their predicted mixotrophic behavior, they may play a crucial role in the microbiome, likely supporting the heterotrophic species in biofilms. Metatranscriptomics results revealed that the chaperone system and proteins counteracting ROS and toxic compounds have a major role in maintaining bacterial cell homeostasis in sediments of volcanic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Centurion
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - S Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - A Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - L Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - V M Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology, and Agriculture (CPQBA), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
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27
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Cold-Active Enzymes and Their Potential Industrial Applications-A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185885. [PMID: 36144621 PMCID: PMC9501442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 70% of our planet is covered by extremely cold environments, nourishing a broad diversity of microbial life. Temperature is the most significant parameter that plays a key role in the distribution of microorganisms on our planet. Psychrophilic microorganisms are the most prominent inhabitants of the cold ecosystems, and they possess potential cold-active enzymes with diverse uses in the research and commercial sectors. Psychrophiles are modified to nurture, replicate, and retain their active metabolic activities in low temperatures. Their enzymes possess characteristics of maximal activity at low to adequate temperatures; this feature makes them more appealing and attractive in biotechnology. The high enzymatic activity of psychrozymes at low temperatures implies an important feature for energy saving. These enzymes have proven more advantageous than their mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts. Therefore, it is very important to explore the efficiency and utility of different psychrozymes in food processing, pharmaceuticals, brewing, bioremediation, and molecular biology. In this review, we focused on the properties of cold-active enzymes and their diverse uses in different industries and research areas. This review will provide insight into the areas and characteristics to be improved in cold-active enzymes so that potential and desired enzymes can be made available for commercial purposes.
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28
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Current Advances in the Concept of Quorum Sensing-Based Prevention of Spoilage of Fish Products by Pseudomonads. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial spoilage of fish is attributed to quorum sensing (QS)-based activities. QS is a communication process between the cells in which microorganisms secrete and sense the specific chemicals (autoinductors, AIs) that regulate proteolysis, lipolysis, and biofilm formation. These activities change the organoleptic characteristics and reduce the safety of the products. Although the microbial community of fish is diverse and may consist of a range of bacterial strains, the deterioration of fish-based products is attributed to the growth and activity of Pseudomonas spp. This work summarizes recent advancements to assess the influence of QS mechanisms on seafood spoilage by Pseudomonas spp. The quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) in the context of fish preservation has also been discussed. Detailed recognition of this phenomenon is crucial in establishing effective strategies to prevent the premature deterioration of fish-based products.
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29
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Jin S, Wang Y, Zhao X. Cold-adaptive mechanism of psychrophilic bacteria in food and its application. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105652. [PMID: 35753601 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychrophilic bacteria are a type of microorganisms that normally grow in low-temperature environments. They are usually found in extremely cold environments. However, as people's demand for low-temperature storage of food becomes higher, psychrophilic bacteria have also begun to appear in cold storage and refrigerators, which has become a food safety hazard. In this paper, the optimal cooling strategies of psychrophilic bacteria are reviewed from the aspects of the cell membrane, psychrophilic enzymes, antifreeze proteins, cold shock proteins, gene regulation, metabolic levels and antifreeze agents, and the principle of psychrophilic mechanism is briefly described. The application of thermophilic bacteria and its products adapted to cold environments in food fields are analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to provide ideas for future research on psychrophilic bacteria based on the mechanism and application of psychrophilic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yizhe Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Xihong Zhao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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30
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Some Clues about Enzymes from Psychrophilic Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061161. [PMID: 35744679 PMCID: PMC9227589 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes purified from psychrophilic microorganisms prove to be efficient catalysts at low temperatures and possess a great potential for biotechnological applications. The low-temperature catalytic activity has to come from specific structural fluctuations involving the active site region, however, the relationship between protein conformational stability and enzymatic activity is subtle. We provide a survey of the thermodynamic stability of globular proteins and their rationalization grounded in a theoretical approach devised by one of us. Furthermore, we provide a link between marginal conformational stability and protein flexibility grounded in the harmonic approximation of the vibrational degrees of freedom, emphasizing the occurrence of long-wavelength and excited vibrations in all globular proteins. Finally, we offer a close view of three enzymes: chloride-dependent α-amylase, citrate synthase, and β-galactosidase.
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31
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Bourquin M, Busi SB, Fodelianakis S, Peter H, Washburne A, Kohler TJ, Ezzat L, Michoud G, Wilmes P, Battin TJ. The microbiome of cryospheric ecosystems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3087. [PMID: 35655063 PMCID: PMC9163120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The melting of the cryosphere is among the most conspicuous consequences of climate change, with impacts on microbial life and related biogeochemistry. However, we are missing a systematic understanding of microbiome structure and function across cryospheric ecosystems. Here, we present a global inventory of the microbiome from snow, ice, permafrost soils, and both coastal and freshwater ecosystems under glacier influence. Combining phylogenetic and taxonomic approaches, we find that these cryospheric ecosystems, despite their particularities, share a microbiome with representatives across the bacterial tree of life and apparent signatures of early and constrained radiation. In addition, we use metagenomic analyses to define the genetic repertoire of cryospheric bacteria. Our work provides a reference resource for future studies on climate change microbiology. The cryosphere includes those parts of Earth where water or soil is frozen, such as snow, ice, glaciers and permafrost soils. Here, the authors present a global inventory of cryospheric microbial communities and their genetic repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bourquin
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Centre for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Susheel Bhanu Busi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stilianos Fodelianakis
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Centre for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Peter
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Centre for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tyler J Kohler
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Centre for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leïla Ezzat
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Centre for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Michoud
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Centre for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tom J Battin
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Centre for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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32
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White H, Vos M, Sheppard SK, Pascoe B, Raymond B. Signatures of selection in core and accessory genomes indicate different ecological drivers of diversification among Bacillus cereus clades. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3584-3597. [PMID: 35510788 PMCID: PMC9324797 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial clades are often ecologically distinct, despite extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT). How selection works on different parts of bacterial pan‐genomes to drive and maintain the emergence of clades is unclear. Focusing on the three largest clades in the diverse and well‐studied Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, we identified clade‐specific core genes (present in all clade members) and then used clade‐specific allelic diversity to identify genes under purifying and diversifying selection. Clade‐specific accessory genes (present in a subset of strains within a clade) were characterized as being under selection using presence/absence in specific clades. Gene ontology analyses of genes under selection revealed that different gene functions were enriched in different clades. Furthermore, some gene functions were enriched only amongst clade‐specific core or accessory genomes. Genes under purifying selection were often clade‐specific, while genes under diversifying selection showed signs of frequent HGT. These patterns are consistent with different selection pressures acting on both the core and the accessory genomes of different clades and can lead to ecological divergence in both cases. Examining variation in allelic diversity allows us to uncover genes under clade‐specific selection, allowing ready identification of strains and their ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh White
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Michiel Vos
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Ben Raymond
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
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33
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Busi SB, Bourquin M, Fodelianakis S, Michoud G, Kohler TJ, Peter H, Pramateftaki P, Styllas M, Tolosano M, De Staercke V, Schön M, de Nies L, Marasco R, Daffonchio D, Ezzat L, Wilmes P, Battin TJ. Genomic and metabolic adaptations of biofilms to ecological windows of opportunity in glacier-fed streams. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2168. [PMID: 35444202 PMCID: PMC9021309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In glacier-fed streams, ecological windows of opportunity allow complex microbial biofilms to develop and transiently form the basis of the food web, thereby controlling key ecosystem processes. Using metagenome-assembled genomes, we unravel strategies that allow biofilms to seize this opportunity in an ecosystem otherwise characterized by harsh environmental conditions. We observe a diverse microbiome spanning the entire tree of life including a rich virome. Various co-existing energy acquisition pathways point to diverse niches and the exploitation of available resources, likely fostering the establishment of complex biofilms during windows of opportunity. The wide occurrence of rhodopsins, besides chlorophyll, highlights the role of solar energy capture in these biofilms while internal carbon and nutrient cycling between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs may help overcome constraints imposed by oligotrophy in these habitats. Mechanisms potentially protecting bacteria against low temperatures and high UV-radiation are also revealed and the selective pressure of this environment is further highlighted by a phylogenomic analysis differentiating important components of the glacier-fed stream microbiome from other ecosystems. Our findings reveal key genomic underpinnings of adaptive traits contributing to the success of complex biofilms to exploit environmental opportunities in glacier-fed streams, which are now rapidly changing owing to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Bhanu Busi
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Massimo Bourquin
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stilianos Fodelianakis
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Michoud
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tyler J Kohler
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Peter
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paraskevi Pramateftaki
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michail Styllas
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Tolosano
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent De Staercke
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Schön
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura de Nies
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leïla Ezzat
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Tom J Battin
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Center for Alpine and Polar Environmental Research (ALPOLE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kouba V, Bachmannová C, Podzimek T, Lipovová P, van Loosdrecht MCM. Physiology of anammox adaptation to low temperatures and promising biomarkers: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126847. [PMID: 35167904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of bacteria involved in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) to low temperatures in the mainstream of WWTP will unlock substantial treatment savings. However, their adaptation mechanisms have begun to be revealed only very recently. This study reviewed the state-of-the-art knowledge on these mechanisms from -omics studies, crucially including metaproteomics and metabolomics. Anammox bacteria adapt to low temperatures by synthesizing both chaperones of RNA and proteins and chemical chaperones. Furthermore, they preserve energy for the core metabolism by reducing biosynthesis in general. Thus, in this study, a number of biomarkers are proposed to help practitioners assess the extent of anammox bacteria adaptation and predict the decomposition of biofilms/granules or slower growth. The promising biomarkers also include unique ladderane lipids. Further proteomic and metabolomic studies are necessary for a more detailed understanding of anammox low-temperature adaptation, thus easing the transition to more cost-effective and sustainable wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kouba
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia.
| | - Ch Bachmannová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - T Podzimek
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - P Lipovová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- The Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
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Ijaq J, Chandra D, Ray MK, Jagannadham MV. Investigating the Functional Role of Hypothetical Proteins From an Antarctic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Lz4W: Emphasis on Identifying Proteins Involved in Cold Adaptation. Front Genet 2022; 13:825269. [PMID: 35360867 PMCID: PMC8963723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular mechanisms behind bacterial adaptation to extreme temperatures has potential biotechnological applications. In the present study, Pseudomonas sp. Lz4W, a Gram-negative psychrophilic bacterium adapted to survive in Antarctica, was selected to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying the cold adaptation. Proteome analysis of the isolates grown at 4°C was performed to identify the proteins and pathways that are responsible for the adaptation. However, many proteins from the expressed proteome were found to be hypothetical proteins (HPs), whose function is unknown. Investigating the functional roles of these proteins may provide additional information in the biological understanding of the bacterial cold adaptation. Thus, our study aimed to assign functions to these HPs and understand their role at the molecular level. We used a structured insilico workflow combining different bioinformatics tools and databases for functional annotation. Pseudomonas sp. Lz4W genome (CP017432, version 1) contains 4493 genes and 4412 coding sequences (CDS), of which 743 CDS were annotated as HPs. Of these, from the proteome analysis, 61 HPs were found to be expressed consistently at the protein level. The amino acid sequences of these 61 HPs were submitted to our workflow and we could successfully assign a function to 18 HPs. Most of these proteins were predicted to be involved in biological mechanisms of cold adaptations such as peptidoglycan metabolism, cell wall organization, ATP hydrolysis, outer membrane fluidity, catalysis, and others. This study provided a better understanding of the functional significance of HPs in cold adaptation of Pseudomonas sp. Lz4W. Our approach emphasizes the importance of addressing the “hypothetical protein problem” for a thorough understanding of mechanisms at the cellular level, as well as, provided the assessment of integrating proteomics methods with various annotation and curation approaches to characterize hypothetical or uncharacterized protein data. The MS proteomics data generated from this study has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange through PRIDE with the dataset identifier–PXD029741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Ijaq
- Metabolomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepika Chandra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Malay Kumar Ray
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M. V. Jagannadham
- Metabolomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: M. V. Jagannadham,
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Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Incredible as it is, researchers have now the awareness that even the most extreme environment includes special habitats that host several forms of life. Cold environments cover different compartments of the cryosphere, as sea and freshwater ice, glaciers, snow, and permafrost. Although these are very particular environmental compartments in which various stressors coexist (i.e., freeze–thaw cycles, scarce water availability, irradiance conditions, and poorness of nutrients), diverse specialized microbial communities are harbored. This raises many intriguing questions, many of which are still unresolved. For instance, a challenging focus is to understand if microorganisms survive trapped frozen among ice crystals for long periods of time or if they indeed remain metabolically active. Likewise, a look at their site-specific diversity and at their putative geochemical activity is demanded, as well as at the equally interesting microbial activity at subzero temperatures. The production of special molecules such as strategy of adaptations, cryoprotectants, and ice crystal-controlling molecules is even more intriguing. This paper aims at reviewing all these aspects with the intent of providing a thorough overview of the main contributors in investigating the microbial life in the cryosphere, touching on the themes of diversity, adaptation, and metabolic potential.
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Assessment of Hydrocarbon Degradation Potential in Microbial Communities in Arctic Sea Ice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020328. [PMID: 35208784 PMCID: PMC8879337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthropogenic release of oil hydrocarbons into the cold marine environment is an increasing concern due to the elevated usage of sea routes and the exploration of new oil drilling sites in Arctic areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate prokaryotic community structures and the genetic potential of hydrocarbon degradation in the metagenomes of seawater, sea ice, and crude oil encapsulating the sea ice of the Norwegian fjord, Ofotfjorden. Although the results indicated substantial differences between the structure of prokaryotic communities in seawater and sea ice, the crude oil encapsulating sea ice (SIO) showed increased abundances of many genera-containing hydrocarbon-degrading organisms, including Bermanella, Colwellia, and Glaciecola. Although the metagenome of seawater was rich in a variety of hydrocarbon degradation-related functional genes (HDGs) associated with the metabolism of n-alkanes, and mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, most of the normalized gene counts were highest in the clean sea ice metagenome, whereas in SIO, these counts were the lowest. The long-chain alkane degradation gene almA was detected from all the studied metagenomes and its counts exceeded ladA and alkB counts in both sea ice metagenomes. In addition, almA was related to the most diverse group of prokaryotic genera. Almost all 18 good- and high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) had diverse HDGs profiles. The MAGs recovered from the SIO metagenome belonged to the abundant taxa, such as Glaciecola, Bermanella, and Rhodobacteracea, in this environment. The genera associated with HDGs were often previously known as hydrocarbon-degrading genera. However, a substantial number of new associations, either between already known hydrocarbon-degrading genera and new HDGs or between genera not known to contain hydrocarbon degraders and multiple HDGs, were found. The superimposition of the results of comparing HDG associations with taxonomy, the HDG profiles of MAGs, and the full genomes of organisms in the KEGG database suggest that the found relationships need further investigation and verification.
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Wani AK, Akhtar N, Sher F, Navarrete AA, Américo-Pinheiro JHP. Microbial adaptation to different environmental conditions: molecular perspective of evolved genetic and cellular systems. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:144. [PMID: 35044532 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous on Earth and can inhabit almost every environment. In a complex heterogeneous environment or in face of ecological disturbance, the microbes adjust to fluctuating environmental conditions through a cascade of cellular and molecular systems. Their habitats differ from cold microcosms of Antarctica to the geothermal volcanic areas, terrestrial to marine, highly alkaline zones to the extremely acidic areas and freshwater to brackish water sources. The diverse ecological microbial niches are attributed to the versatile, adaptable nature under fluctuating temperature, nutrient availability and pH of the microorganisms. These organisms have developed a series of mechanisms to face the environmental changes and thereby keep their role in mediate important ecosystem functions. The underlying mechanisms of adaptable microbial nature are thoroughly investigated at the cellular, genetic and molecular levels. The adaptation is mediated by a spectrum of processes like natural selection, genetic recombination, horizontal gene transfer, DNA damage repair and pleiotropy-like events. This review paper provides the fundamentals insight into the microbial adaptability besides highlighting the molecular network of microbial adaptation under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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Feng J, Zeng XM, Zhang Q, Zhou XQ, Liu YR, Huang Q. Soil microbial trait-based strategies drive metabolic efficiency along an altitude gradient. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:71. [PMID: 36765103 PMCID: PMC9723748 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Trait-based approaches provide a candidate framework for linking soil microbial community to ecosystem processes, yet how the trade-offs in different microbial traits regulate the community-level metabolic efficiency remains unknown. Herein we assessed the roles of the microbial taxa with particular trait strategies in mediating soil microbial metabolic efficiency along an altitude gradient on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that soil microbial metabolic efficiency declined with increasing altitude, as indicated by the increasing metabolic quotient (microbial respiration per unit biomass, qCO2) and decreasing carbon use efficiency (CUE). Both qCO2 and CUE were predominantly predicted by microbial physiological and taxonomic attributes after considering key environmental factors including soil pH, substrate quantity and quality. Specifically, the reduced metabolic efficiency was associated with higher investment into nutrient (particularly for phosphorus) acquisitions via enzymes. Furthermore, we identified key microbial assemblies selected by harsh environments (low substrate quality and temperature) as important predictors of metabolic efficiency. These results suggest that particular microbial assemblies adapted to nutrient limited and cold habitats, but at the expense of lower metabolic efficient at higher altitude. Our findings provide a candidate mechanism underlying community-level metabolic efficiency, which has important implications for microbial-mediated processes such as carbon dynamics under global climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin-Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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40
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Shen L, Zhang S, Chen G. Regulated strategies of cold-adapted microorganisms in response to cold: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68006-68024. [PMID: 34648167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of active cold-adapted microorganisms in the perennial cold environment. Due to their high-efficiency and energy-saving catalytic properties, cold-adapted microorganisms have become valuable natural resources with potential in various biological fields. In this study, a series of cold response strategies for microorganisms were summarized. This mainly involves the regulation of cell membrane fluidity, synthesis of cold adaptation proteins, regulators and metabolic changes, energy supply, and reactive oxygen species. Also, the potential of biocatalysts produced by cold-adapted microorganisms including cold-active enzymes, ice-binding proteins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and surfactants was introduced, which provided a guidance for expanding its application values. Overall, new insights were obtained on response strategies of microorganisms to cold environments in this review. This will deepen the understanding of the cold tolerance mechanism of cold-adapted microorganisms, thus promoting the establishment and application of low-temperature biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
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Qasim MS, Lampi M, Heinonen MMK, Garrido-Zabala B, Bamford DH, Käkelä R, Roine E, Sarin LP. Cold-Active Shewanella glacialimarina TZS-4 T nov. Features a Temperature-Dependent Fatty Acid Profile and Putative Sialic Acid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737641. [PMID: 34659168 PMCID: PMC8519357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of genus Shewanella are among the most frequently identified psychrotrophic bacteria. Here, we have studied the cellular properties, growth dynamics, and stress conditions of cold-active Shewanella strain #4, which was previously isolated from Baltic Sea ice. The cells are rod-shaped of ~2μm in length and 0.5μm in diameter, and they grow between 0 and 25°C, with an optimum at 15°C. The bacterium grows at a wide range of conditions, including 0.5–5.5% w/v NaCl (optimum 0.5–2% w/v NaCl), pH 5.5–10 (optimum pH 7.0), and up to 1mM hydrogen peroxide. In keeping with its adaptation to cold habitats, some polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), are produced at a higher level at low temperature. The genome is 4,456kb in size and has a GC content of 41.12%. Uniquely, strain #4 possesses genes for sialic acid metabolism and utilizes N-acetyl neuraminic acid as a carbon source. Interestingly, it also encodes for cytochrome c3 genes, which are known to facilitate environmental adaptation, including elevated temperatures and exposure to UV radiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on a consensus sequence of the seven 16S rRNA genes indicated that strain #4 belongs to genus Shewanella, closely associated with Shewanella aestuarii with a ~97% similarity, but with a low DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) level of ~21%. However, average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis defines strain #4 as a separate Shewanella species (ANI score=76). Further phylogenetic analysis based on the 92 most conserved genes places Shewanella strain #4 into a distinct phylogenetic clade with other cold-active marine Shewanella species. Considering the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and molecular characterization, we conclude that Shewanella strain #4 is a novel species and name it Shewanella glacialimarina sp. nov. TZS-4T, where glacialimarina means sea ice. Consequently, S. glacialimarina TZS-4T constitutes a promising model for studying transcriptional and translational regulation of cold-active metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman Qasim
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Doctoral Programme in Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirka Lampi
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna-Maria K Heinonen
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Berta Garrido-Zabala
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dennis H Bamford
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit HiLIPID, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Roine
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Laboratory of Structural Biology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Peter Sarin
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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de Araújo HL, Martins BP, Vicente AM, Lorenzetti APR, Koide T, Marques MV. Cold Regulation of Genes Encoding Ion Transport Systems in the Oligotrophic Bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0071021. [PMID: 34479415 PMCID: PMC8552747 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00710-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the response of the free-living oligotrophic alphaproteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus to low temperatures by global transcriptomic analysis. Our results showed that 656 genes were upregulated and 619 were downregulated at least 2-fold after a temperature downshift. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEG) belong to several functional categories, notably inorganic ion transport and metabolism, and a subset of these genes had their expression confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Several genes belonging to the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) regulon were downregulated, indicating that iron homeostasis is relevant for adaptation to cold. Several upregulated genes encode proteins that interact with nucleic acids, particularly RNA: cspA, cspB, and the DEAD box RNA helicases rhlE, dbpA, and rhlB. Moreover, 31 small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), including the cell cycle-regulated noncoding RNA (ncRNA) CcnA, were upregulated, indicating that posttranscriptional regulation is important for the cold stress response. Interestingly, several genes related to transport were upregulated under cold stress, including three AcrB-like cation/multidrug efflux pumps, the nitrate/nitrite transport system, and the potassium transport genes kdpFABC. Further characterization showed that kdpA is upregulated in a potassium-limited medium and at a low temperature in a SigT-independent way. kdpA mRNA is less stable in rho and rhlE mutant strains, but while the expression is positively regulated by RhlE, it is negatively regulated by Rho. A kdpA-deleted strain was generated, and its viability in response to osmotic, acidic, or cold stresses was determined. The implications of such variation in the gene expression for cold adaptation are discussed. IMPORTANCE Low-temperature stress is an important factor for nucleic acid stability and must be circumvented in order to maintain the basic cell processes, such as transcription and translation. The oligotrophic lifestyle presents further challenges to ensure the proper nutrient uptake and osmotic balance in an environment of slow nutrient flow. Here, we show that in Caulobacter crescentus, the expression of the genes involved in cation transport and homeostasis is altered in response to cold, which could lead to a decrease in iron uptake and an increase in nitrogen and high-affinity potassium transport by the Kdp system. This previously uncharacterized regulation of the Kdp transporter has revealed a new mechanism for adaptation to low temperatures that may be relevant for oligotrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo L. de Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca P. Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Vicente
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan P. R. Lorenzetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tie Koide
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marilis V. Marques
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alarcón-Schumacher T, Guajardo-Leiva S, Martinez-Garcia M, Díez B. Ecogenomics and Adaptation Strategies of Southern Ocean Viral Communities. mSystems 2021; 6:e0039621. [PMID: 34374561 PMCID: PMC8407431 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00396-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southern Ocean (SO) represents up to one-fifth of the total carbon drawdown worldwide. Intense selective pressures (low temperature, high UV radiation, and strong seasonality) and physical isolation characterize the SO, serving as a "natural" laboratory for the study of ecogenomics and unique adaptations of endemic viral populations. Here, we report 2,416 novel viral genomes from the SO, obtained from newly sequenced viral metagenomes in combination with mining of publicly available data sets, which represents a 25% increase in the SO viral genomes reported to date. They comprised 567 viral clusters (defined as approximately genus-level groups), with 186 genera endemic to the SO, demonstrating that the SO viral community is predominantly constituted by a large pool of genetically divergent viral species from widespread viral families. The predicted proteome from SO viruses revealed that several protein clusters related to cold-shock-event responses and quorum-sensing mechanisms involved in the lysogenic-lytic cycle shift decision were under positive selection, which is ultimately important for fine adaptation of viral populations in response to the strong selective pressures of the SO. Finally, changes in the hydrophobicity patterns and amino acid frequencies suggested marked temperature-driven genetic selection of the SO viral proteome. Our data provide valuable insights into how viruses adapt and remain successful in this extreme polar marine environment. IMPORTANCE Viruses are the most abundant biologic entities in marine systems and strongly influence the microbial community composition and diversity. However, little is known about viral communities' adaptation and diversification in the ocean. In this work, we take advantage of the geographical isolation and the intense selective pressures of the SO, to which viruses are exposed, to identify potential viral adaptations due to positive environmental selection and dispersal limitation. To that end, we recovered more than two thousand novel viral genomes, revealing a high degree of divergence in these SO endemic communities. Furthermore, we describe remarkable viral adaptations in amino acid frequencies and accessory proteins related to cold shock response and quorum sensing that allow them to thrive at lower temperatures. Consequently, our work greatly expands the understanding of the diversification of the viral communities of the SO and their particular adaptations to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Alarcón-Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sergio Guajardo-Leiva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR) 2, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
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44
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Sea-Ice Bacteria Halomonas sp. Strain 363 and Paracoccus sp. Strain 392 Produce Multiple Types of Poly-3-Hydroxyalkaonoic Acid (PHA) Storage Polymers at Low Temperature. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0092921. [PMID: 34160268 PMCID: PMC8357295 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00929-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAs) are bacterial storage polymers commonly used in bioplastic production. Halophilic bacteria are industrially interesting organisms, as their salinity tolerance and psychrophilic nature lowers sterility requirements and subsequent production costs. We investigated PHA synthesis in two bacterial strains, Halomonas sp. 363 and Paracoccus sp. 392, isolated from Southern Ocean sea ice and elucidated the related PHA biopolymer accumulation and composition with various approaches, such as transcriptomics, microscopy, and chromatography. We show that both bacterial strains produce PHAs at 4°C when the availability of nitrogen and/or oxygen limited growth. The genome of Halomonas sp. 363 carries three phaC synthase genes and transcribes genes along three PHA pathways (I to III), whereas Paracoccus sp. 392 carries only one phaC gene and transcribes genes along one pathway (I). Thus, Halomonas sp. 363 has a versatile repertoire of phaC genes and pathways enabling production of both short- and medium-chain-length PHA products. IMPORTANCE Plastic pollution is one of the most topical threats to the health of the oceans and seas. One recognized way to alleviate the problem is to use degradable bioplastic materials in high-risk applications. PHA is a promising bioplastic material as it is nontoxic and fully produced and degraded by bacteria. Sea ice is an interesting environment for prospecting novel PHA-producing organisms, since traits advantageous to lower production costs, such as tolerance for high salinities and low temperatures, are common. We show that two sea-ice bacteria, Halomonas sp. 363 and Paracoccus sp. 392, are able to produce various types of PHA from inexpensive carbon sources. Halomonas sp. 363 is an especially interesting PHA-producing organism, since it has three different synthesis pathways to produce both short- and medium-chain-length PHAs.
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Rapp JZ, Sullivan MB, Deming JW. Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701186. [PMID: 34367102 PMCID: PMC8339730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subzero hypersaline brines are liquid microbial habitats within otherwise frozen environments, where concentrated dissolved salts prevent freezing. Such extreme conditions presumably require unique microbial adaptations, and possibly altered ecologies, but specific strategies remain largely unknown. Here we examined prokaryotic taxonomic and functional diversity in two seawater-derived subzero hypersaline brines: first-year sea ice, subject to seasonally fluctuating conditions; and ancient cryopeg, under relatively stable conditions geophysically isolated in permafrost. Overall, both taxonomic composition and functional potential were starkly different. Taxonomically, sea-ice brine communities (∼105 cells mL–1) had greater richness, more diversity and were dominated by bacterial genera, including Polaribacter, Paraglaciecola, Colwellia, and Glaciecola, whereas the more densely inhabited cryopeg brines (∼108 cells mL–1) lacked these genera and instead were dominated by Marinobacter. Functionally, however, sea ice encoded fewer accessory traits and lower average genomic copy numbers for shared traits, though DNA replication and repair were elevated; in contrast, microbes in cryopeg brines had greater genetic versatility with elevated abundances of accessory traits involved in sensing, responding to environmental cues, transport, mobile elements (transposases and plasmids), toxin-antitoxin systems, and type VI secretion systems. Together these genomic features suggest adaptations and capabilities of sea-ice communities manifesting at the community level through seasonal ecological succession, whereas the denser cryopeg communities appear adapted to intense bacterial competition, leaving fewer genera to dominate with brine-specific adaptations and social interactions that sacrifice some members for the benefit of others. Such cryopeg genomic traits provide insight into how long-term environmental stability may enable life to survive extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Z Rapp
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Center of Microbiome Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jody W Deming
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Eight metagenome-assembled genomes provide evidence for microbial adaptation in 20,000 to 1,000,000-year-old Siberian permafrost. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0097221. [PMID: 34288700 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00972-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost microbes may be metabolically active in microscopic layers of liquid brines, even in ancient soil. Metagenomics can help discern whether permafrost microbes show adaptations to this environment. Thirty-three metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were obtained from six depths (3.5 m to 20 m) of freshly-cored permafrost from the Siberia Kolyma-Indigirka Lowland region. These soils have been continuously frozen for ∼20,000 to 1,000,000 years. Eight of these MAGs were ≥80% complete with <10% contamination and were taxonomically identified as Aminicenantes, Atribacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria within bacteria and Thermoprofundales within archaea. MAGs from these taxa have previously been obtained from non-permafrost environments and have been suggested to show adaptations to long-term energy-starvation, but they have never been explored in ancient permafrost. The permafrost MAGs had higher proportions of clusters of orthologous genes (COGs) from 'Energy production and conversion' and 'Carbohydrate transport and metabolism' than their non-permafrost counterparts. They also contained genes for trehalose synthesis, thymine metabolism, mevalonate biosynthesis and cellulose degradation that were less prevalent in non-permafrost genomes. Many of these genes are involved in membrane stabilization and osmotic stress responses, consistent with adaptation to the anoxic, high ionic strength, cold environments of permafrost brine films. Our results suggest that this ancient permafrost contains DNA in high enough quality to assemble MAGs from microorganisms with adaptations to subsist long-term freezing in this extreme environment. Importance Permafrost around the world is thawing rapidly. Many scientists from a variety of disciplines have shown the importance of understanding what will happen to our ecosystem, commerce, and climate when permafrost thaws. The fate of permafrost microorganisms is connected to these predicted rapid environmental changes. Studying ancient permafrost with culture independent techniques can give a glimpse into how these microorganisms function in these extreme low temperature and energy conditions. This will aid understanding of how they will change with the environment. This study presents genomic data from this unique environment aged ∼20,000 to 1,000,000-years-old.
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Lecocq M, Groussin M, Gouy M, Brochier-Armanet C. The Molecular Determinants of Thermoadaptation: Methanococcales as a Case Study. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1761-1776. [PMID: 33450027 PMCID: PMC8097290 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that environmental temperature impacts proteome evolution in Bacteria and Archaea. However, it is unknown whether thermoadaptation mainly occurs via the sequential accumulation of substitutions, massive horizontal gene transfers, or both. Measuring the real contribution of amino acid substitution to thermoadaptation is challenging, because of confounding environmental and genetic factors (e.g., pH, salinity, genomic G + C content) that also affect proteome evolution. Here, using Methanococcales, a major archaeal lineage, as a study model, we show that optimal growth temperature is the major factor affecting variations in amino acid frequencies of proteomes. By combining phylogenomic and ancestral sequence reconstruction approaches, we disclose a sequential substitutional scheme in which lysine plays a central role by fine tuning the pool of arginine, serine, threonine, glutamine, and asparagine, whose frequencies are strongly correlated with optimal growth temperature. Finally, we show that colonization to new thermal niches is not associated with high amounts of horizontal gene transfers. Altogether, although the acquisition of a few key proteins through horizontal gene transfer may have favored thermoadaptation in Methanococcales, our findings support sequential amino acid substitutions as the main factor driving thermoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lecocq
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Groussin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manolo Gouy
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
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DangThu Q, Nguyen TT, Jang SH, Lee C. Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase from cold-adapted Pseudomonas mandelii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6064296. [PMID: 33399820 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar alcohols (polyols) have important roles as nutrients, anti-freezing agents and scavengers of free radicals in cold-adapted bacteria, but the characteristics of polyol dehydrogenases in cold-adapted bacteria remain largely unknown. In this study, based on the observation that a cold-adapted bacterium Pseudomonas mandelii JR-1 predominantly utilized d-sorbitol as its carbon source, among the four polyols examined (d-galactitol, d-mannitol, d-sorbitol and d-xylitol), we cloned and characterized a sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14) belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family from this bacterium (the SDH hereafter referred to as PmSDH). PmSDH contained Asn111, Ser140, Tyr153 and Lys157 as catalytic active site residues and existed as an ∼67-kDa dimer in size-exclusion chromatography. PmSDH converted d-sorbitol to d-fructose using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor and, vice versa, d-fructose to d-sorbitol using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) as a cofactor. PmSDH maintained its conformational flexibility, secondary and tertiary structures, and thermal stability at 4-25°C. These results indicate that PmSDH, which has a flexible structure and a high catalytic activity at colder temperatures, is well suited to sorbitol utilization in the cold-adapted bacterium P. mandelii JR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh DangThu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
| | - Thu-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
| | - Sei-Heon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
| | - ChangWoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, South Korea
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Response of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NMGL2 to Combinational Cold and Acid Stresses during Storage of Fermented Milk as Analyzed by Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071514. [PMID: 34209263 PMCID: PMC8305577 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanism of tolerance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during cold storage of fermented milk, 31 LAB strains were isolated from traditional fermented products, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NMGL2 was identified with good tolerance to both cold and acid stresses. Data-independent acquisition proteomics method was employed to analyze the response of Lpb. plantarum NMGL2 to the combinational cold and acid stresses during storage of the fermented milk made with the strain at 4 °C for 21 days. Among the differentially expressed proteins identified, 20 low temperature-resistant proteins and 10 acid-resistant proteins were found. Protein interaction analysis showed that the low temperature-resistant proteins associated with acid-resistant proteins were Hsp1, Hsp2, Hsp3, CspC, MurA1, MurC, MurD, MurE1, and MurI, while the acid-resistant proteins associated with low temperature-resistant proteins were DnaA, DnaK, GrpE, GroEL, and RbfA. The overall metabolic pathways of Lpb. plantarum NMGL2 in response to the stresses were determined including increased cell wall component biosynthesis, extracellular production of abundant glycolipids and glycoproteins, increased expression of F1Fo-ATPase, activation of glutamate deacidification system, enhanced expression of proteins and chaperones associated with cell repairing caused by the acidic and cold environment into the correct proteins. The present study for the first time provides further understanding of the proteomic pattern and metabolic changes of Lpb. plantarum in response to combinational cold and acid stresses in fermented milk, which facilitates potential application of Lpb. plantarum in fermented foods with enhanced survivability.
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O'Connor BRW, Fernández-Martínez MÁ, Léveillé RJ, Whyte LG. Taxonomic Characterization and Microbial Activity Determination of Cold-Adapted Microbial Communities in Lava Tube Ice Caves from Lava Beds National Monument, a High-Fidelity Mars Analogue Environment. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:613-627. [PMID: 33794669 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Martian lava tube caves resulting from a time when the planet was still volcanically active are proposed to contain deposits of water ice, a feature that may increase microbial habitability. In this study, we taxonomically characterized and directly measured metabolic activity of the microbial communities that inhabit lava tube ice from Lava Beds National Monument, an analogue environment to martian lava tubes. We investigated whether this environment was habitable to microorganisms by determining their taxonomic diversity, metabolic activity, and viability using both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. With 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we recovered 27 distinct phyla from both ice and ice-rock interface samples, primarily consisting of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi. Radiorespiration and Biolog EcoPlate assays found these microbial communities to be metabolically active at both 5°C and -5°C and able to metabolize diverse sets of heterotrophic carbon substrates at each temperature. Viable cells were predominantly cold adapted and capable of growth at 5°C (1.3 × 104 to 2.9 × 107 cells/mL), and 24 of 38 cultured isolates were capable of growth at -5°C. Furthermore, 14 of these cultured isolates, and 16 of the 20 most numerous amplicon sequences we recovered were most closely related to isolates and sequences obtained from other cryophilic environments. Given these results, lava tube ice appears to be a habitable environment, and considering the protections martian lava tubes offer to microbial communities from harsh surface conditions, similar martian caves containing ice may be capable of supporting extant, active microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady R W O'Connor
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill Space Institute, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Richard J Léveillé
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill Space Institute, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyle G Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill Space Institute, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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