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Balwierz R, Bursy D, Biernat P, Hudz N, Shanaida M, Krzemiński Ł, Skóra P, Biernat M, Siodłak WO. Nano-Silica Carriers Coated by Chloramphenicol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Grinding Trial as a Way to Improve the Release Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022. [PMID: 35745622 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060703/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles were applied as the carrier of chloramphenicol (2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide), and were loaded in a 1% carbopol-based gel (poly(acrylic acid)), which allowed obtainment of an upgraded drug form. The samples of silica materials were obtained by means of modified Stöber synthesis, and their morphological properties were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), analysis of the specific surface properties, X-ray diffraction study (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods, which permitted the selection of the drug carrier. The two obtained silica carriers were coated with chloramphenicol and loaded into 1% carbopol gel. The release studies were then performed. The release results were evaluated using mathematical models as well as model-independent analysis. It was found that the modification of the synthesis of the silica by the sol-gel method to form a product coated with chloramphenicol and further grinding of the silica material influenced the release of the active substance, thus allowing the modification of its pharmaceutical availability. The change in the parameters of silica synthesis influenced the structure and morphological properties of the obtained silica carrier. The grinding process determined the way of adsorption of the active substance on its surface. The studies showed that the proper choice of silica carrier has a considerable effect on the release profile of the prepared hydrogel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawid Bursy
- Department of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Biernat
- Department of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nataliia Hudz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland
- Department of Drug Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Łukasz Krzemiński
- Nanotechnology and Materials Technology Scientific and Didactic Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paweł Skóra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Department of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Nano-Silica Carriers Coated by Chloramphenicol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Grinding Trial as a Way to Improve the Release Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060703. [PMID: 35745622 PMCID: PMC9230014 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles were applied as the carrier of chloramphenicol (2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide), and were loaded in a 1% carbopol-based gel (poly(acrylic acid)), which allowed obtainment of an upgraded drug form. The samples of silica materials were obtained by means of modified Stöber synthesis, and their morphological properties were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), analysis of the specific surface properties, X-ray diffraction study (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods, which permitted the selection of the drug carrier. The two obtained silica carriers were coated with chloramphenicol and loaded into 1% carbopol gel. The release studies were then performed. The release results were evaluated using mathematical models as well as model-independent analysis. It was found that the modification of the synthesis of the silica by the sol-gel method to form a product coated with chloramphenicol and further grinding of the silica material influenced the release of the active substance, thus allowing the modification of its pharmaceutical availability. The change in the parameters of silica synthesis influenced the structure and morphological properties of the obtained silica carrier. The grinding process determined the way of adsorption of the active substance on its surface. The studies showed that the proper choice of silica carrier has a considerable effect on the release profile of the prepared hydrogel formulations.
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Preparation of SiO2 antireflection film with high hardness and adhesion by mPEG. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pan L, Jiang Y. Evaluating the Effects of KCl on Thermal Behavior and Reaction Kinetics of Medium Density Fiberboard Pyrolysis. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111826. [PMID: 31195678 PMCID: PMC6600992 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The effects of potassium chloride (KCl) on the pyrolysis of medium density fiberboard (MDF) were investigated by using thermogravimetry/Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Five MDF samples treated with different KCl concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) were heated with a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The thermogravimetry (TG) results showed that KCl caused the primary pyrolysis stage towards lower temperatures. The FTIR results indicated that with the concentrations of KCl, the formation of CH4 and C=O functional groups decreased while the formation of CO2 and CO increased. To figure out the reason for the observed phenomena, the kinetic parameters in primary pyrolysis and the secondary charring reaction were estimated by a differential evolution (DE) optimization algorithm. The prediction indicated that KCl shifted the initial degradation temperature of each component of MDF towards a lower temperature. Char and gas yields increased with the concentration of KCl, whereas the tar yield reduced. The changes in activation energies revealed that KCl played a catalyst role in the reaction of resin, hemicellulose and cellulose in primary pyrolysis. For lignin, KCl had little effect. In the secondary charring reaction, KCl apparently promoted the reaction of tar. The catalytic effect of KCl on MDF pyrolysis was the combination of primary pyrolysis and the secondary charring reaction. Finally, the optimal catalytic concentration for KCl on MDF pyrolysis was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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Krauklis AE, Gagani AI, Echtermeyer AT. Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Monitoring Water Content in Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced Composites. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040586. [PMID: 29641451 PMCID: PMC5951470 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring water content and predicting the water-induced drop in strength of fiber-reinforced composites are of great importance for the oil and gas and marine industries. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic methods are broadly available and often used for process and quality control in industrial applications. A benefit of using such spectroscopic methods over the conventional gravimetric analysis is the possibility to deduce the mass of an absolutely dry material and subsequently the true water content, which is an important indicator of water content-dependent properties. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient and detailed method for estimating the water content in epoxy resins and fiber-reinforced composites. In this study, Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was applied to measure the water content of amine-epoxy neat resin. The method was developed and successfully extended to glass fiber-reinforced composite materials. Based on extensive measurements of neat resin and composite samples of varying water content and thickness, regression was performed, and the quantitative absorbance dependence on water content in the material was established. The mass of an absolutely dry resin was identified, and the true water content was obtained. The method was related to the Beer–Lambert law and explained in such terms. A detailed spectroscopic method for measuring water content in resins and fiber-reinforced composites was developed and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Krauklis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (past: Department of Engineering Design and Materials), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Abedin I Gagani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (past: Department of Engineering Design and Materials), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas T Echtermeyer
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (past: Department of Engineering Design and Materials), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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