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Zheng W, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Yu H, Li Z, Gu M, Song S, Zhou S, Qu X. The Effect of Annealing on the Soft Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of Fe 82Si 2B 13P 1C 3 Amorphous Iron Cores. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5527. [PMID: 37629818 PMCID: PMC10456755 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This research paper investigated the impact of normal annealing (NA) and magnetic field annealing (FA) on the soft magnetic properties and microstructure of Fe82Si2B13P1C3 amorphous alloy iron cores. The annealing process involved various methods of magnetic field application: transverse magnetic field annealing (TFA), longitudinal magnetic field annealing (LFA), transverse magnetic field annealing followed by longitudinal magnetic field annealing (TLFA) and longitudinal magnetic field annealing followed by transverse magnetic field annealing (LTFA). The annealed samples were subjected to testing and analysis using techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic performance testing equipment and magneto-optical Kerr microscopy. The obtained results were then compared with those of commercially produced Fe80Si9B11. Fe82Si2B13P1C3 demonstrated the lowest loss of P1.4T,2kHz = 8.1 W/kg when annealed in a transverse magnetic field at 370 °C, which was 17% lower than that of Fe80Si9B11. When influenced by the longitudinal magnetic field, the magnetization curve tended to become more rectangular, and the coercivity (B3500A/m) of Fe82Si2B13P1C3 reached 1.6 T, which was 0.05 T higher than that of Fe80Si9B11. During the 370 °C annealing process of the Fe82Si2B13P1C3 amorphous iron core, the internal stress in the strip gradually dissipated, and impurity domains such as fingerprint domains disappeared and aligned with the length direction of the strip. Consequently, wide strip domains with low resistance and easy magnetization were formed, thereby reducing the overall loss of the amorphous iron core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Energy Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213001, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Guangqiang Zhang
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Energy Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213001, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haichen Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Zongzhen Li
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Energy Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213001, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Mingyu Gu
- Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China;
| | - Su Song
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Energy Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213001, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaoxiong Zhou
- Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Energy Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213001, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Xuanhui Qu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Q.Z.)
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Zhang M, Qu G, Liu J, Pang M, Wang X, Liu R, Cao G, Ma G. Enhancement of Magnetic and Tensile Mechanical Performances in Fe-Based Metallic Microwires Induced by Trace Ni-Doping. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3589. [PMID: 34199094 PMCID: PMC8269733 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the effect of Ni-doping amount on microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of Fe-based metallic microwires was systematically investigated further to reveal the influence mechanism of Ni-doping on the microstructure and properties of metallic microwires. Experimental results indicate that the rotated-dipping Fe-based microwires structure is an amorphous and nanocrystalline biphasic structure; the wire surface is smooth, uniform and continuous, without obvious macro- and micro-defects that have favorable thermal stability; and moreover, the degree of wire structure order increases with an increase in Ni-doping amount. Meanwhile, FeSiBNi2 microwires possess the better softly magnetic properties than the other wires with different Ni-doping, and their main magnetic performance indexes of Ms, Mr, Hc and μm are 174.06 emu/g, 10.82 emu/g, 33.08 Oe and 0.43, respectively. Appropriate Ni-doping amount can effectively improve the tensile strength of Fe-based microwires, and the tensile strength of FeSiBNi3 microwires is the largest of all, reaching 2518 MPa. Weibull statistical analysis also indicates that the fracture reliability of FeSiBNi2 microwires is much better and its fracture threshold value σu is 1488 MPa. However, Fe-based microwires on macroscopic exhibit the brittle fracture feature, and the angle of sideview fracture θ decreases as Ni-doping amount increases, which also reveals the certain plasticity due to a certain amount of nanocrystalline in the microwires structure, also including a huge amount of shear bands in the sideview fracture and a few molten drops in the cross-section fracture. Therefore, Ni-doped Fe-based metallic microwires can be used as the functional integrated materials in practical engineering application as for their unique magnetic and mechanical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (M.Z.); (G.Q.); (M.P.); (R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Guanda Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (M.Z.); (G.Q.); (M.P.); (R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Jingshun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (M.Z.); (G.Q.); (M.P.); (R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Mengyao Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (M.Z.); (G.Q.); (M.P.); (R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China;
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (M.Z.); (G.Q.); (M.P.); (R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Guanyu Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Guoxi Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (M.Z.); (G.Q.); (M.P.); (R.L.); (G.M.)
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Koga GY, Otani LB, Silva AMB, Roche V, Nogueira RP, Jorge AM, Bolfarini C, Kiminami CS, Botta WJ. Characterization and Corrosion Resistance of Boron-Containing-Austenitic Stainless Steels Produced by Rapid Solidification Techniques. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112189. [PMID: 30400652 PMCID: PMC6266272 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The composition of a commercial duplex stainless steel was modified with boron additions (3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 wt.%) and processed by rapid-quenching techniques: Melt-spinning, copper-mold casting, and high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). Spray deposition was also used to produce alloys as the process may induce rapid-solidified-like microstructures. These processing routes led to microstructures with distinguished corrosion resistance. Among the alloys with different boron contents, the 63.5Fe25Cr7Ni4.5B composition enabled the production of fully amorphous ribbons by melt-spinning. The cooling rate experienced during copper-mold casting, high-velocity oxygen fuel, and spray deposition did not ensure complete amorphization. The crystalline phases thereby formed were (Fe,Cr)2B and (Fe,Mo)3B2 borides in an austenitic-matrix with morphology and refinement dependent of the cooling rates. Fully amorphous 63.5Fe25Cr7Ni4.5B ribbons exhibited outstanding corrosion resistance in chloride-rich alkaline and acid media with negligible corrosion current densities of about 10−8 A/cm² and a broad passivation plateau. Although the specimens of the same composition produced by HVOF process and spray deposition exhibited lower corrosion resistance because of intrinsic porosity and crystalline phases, their corrosion behaviors were superior to those of AISI 1045 steel used as substrate with the advantage to be reinforced with hard borides known to be resistant against wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Y Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- LEPMI, UMR5279 CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Grenoble Alpes, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
| | - Lucas B Otani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana M B Silva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Virginie Roche
- LEPMI, UMR5279 CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Grenoble Alpes, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
| | - Ricardo P Nogueira
- LEPMI, UMR5279 CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Grenoble Alpes, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
- Gas Research Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Alberto M Jorge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- LEPMI, UMR5279 CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Grenoble Alpes, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
| | - Claudemiro Bolfarini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Claudio S Kiminami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Walter J Botta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- LEPMI, UMR5279 CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Grenoble Alpes, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
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