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Ghobashy MM, F Abd El-Gawad A, A Fayek S, Farahat MA, Ismail MI, Elbarbary AM, I Sharshir A. Gamma irradiation induced surface modification of (PVC/HDPE)/ZnO nanocomposite for enhancing the oil removal and conductivity using COMSOL multiphysics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7514. [PMID: 37160993 PMCID: PMC10170164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blend nanocomposite film was prepared by loadings of irradiated ZnO in ratios of (5 wt%) inside the PVC/HDPE matrix using a hot-melt extruder technique. The physical and chemical properties of the irradiated and unirradiated ZnO samples are compared. The Vis-UV spectrum of ZnO shows an absorption peak at a wavelength of 373 nm that was slightly red-shifted to 375 nm for an irradiated sample of ZnO at a dose of 25 kGy due to the defect of crystal structure by the oxygen vacancy during gamma irradiations. This growth of the defect site leads to a decrease in energy gaps from 3.8 to 2.08 eV. AC conductivity of ZnO sample increased after the gamma irradiation process (25 kGy). The (PVC/HDPE)/ZnO nanocomposites were re-irradiated with γ rays at 25 kGy in the presence of four different media (silicon oil, sodium silicate, paraffin wax and water). FTIR and XRD were performed to monitor the changes in chemical composition. The new peak at 1723 cm-1 attributed to C=O groups was observed in irradiated (PVC/HDPE)ZnO samples at only sodium silicate and water media. This process induced new function groups on the surface of the (PVC/HDPE)/ZnO blend sample. This work aims to develop (PVC/HDPE)ZnO for oil/water separation. The highest oil adsorption capability was observed in samples functionalized by C=O groups based on the different tested oils. The results suggest that the surface characterization of the (PVC/HDPE)/ZnO can be modified to enhance the oil adsorption potential. Further, the gamma irradiation dose significantly enhanced the AC conductivity compared to the unirradiated sample. According to COMSOL Multiphysics, the irradiated sample (PVC/HDPE)ZnO in water shows perfect uniform electric field distribution in medium voltage cables (22.000 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal F Abd El-Gawad
- Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Faculty of Computers and Informatics, University Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - S A Fayek
- Solid State and Accelerator Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Farahat
- Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M I Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Egypt University of Informatics, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elbarbary
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - A I Sharshir
- Solid State and Accelerator Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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Abu-Thabit NY, Uwaezuoke OJ, Abu Elella MH. Superhydrophobic nanohybrid sponges for separation of oil/ water mixtures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133644. [PMID: 35065181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The industrial revolution has led to different types of environmental pollution, including frequent leakage of crude oil to marine waters and the contamination of wastewater with immiscible or emulsified oils and organic liquids from various industrial residues. Hence, developing multifunctional materials for oil/water separation is a field of high significance for the remediation of oil-polluted water. Recently, advanced superwetting materials have been employed for oily wastewater treatment. This review summarizes the recent development in fabricating superhydrophobic/superoleophilic nanohybrid polyurethane, melamine, and cellulose sponges for oil/water separation. The use of organic and/or inorganic nanohybrid materials opens the horizon for designing a diverse and wide range of superhydrophobic sponges due to the synergistic effect between the surface roughness and chemical composition. The discussion is organized based on different classes of low surface energy materials including thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, fluorinated polymers, conductive polymers, organosilanes, long alkyl chain compounds, and hydrophobic carbon-based materials. Recent examples for the separation of both immiscible and emulsified oil/water mixtures are presented, with a focus on fabrication strategies, separation efficiency, recyclability, mechanical performance, and durability. Currently, most studies did not focus on the mechanical/chemical stability of the fabricated sponges, and hence, future research directions shall address the fabrication of robust and long-term durable superhydrophobic sponges with proper guidelines. Similarly, more research focus is required to design superhydrophobic sponges for the separation of emulsified oil/water mixtures and heavy crude oil samples. Superhydrophobic sponges can be employed for treatment of oily wastewater, emulsion separation, and cleanup of crude oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedal Y Abu-Thabit
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, 31961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Onyinye J Uwaezuoke
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Witwatersrand. 7 York Road, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Elgawady Y, Ponnamma D, Hassan MK, Adham S, Karim A, Al‐Maadeed MAA. In situ synthesized amphiphilic polysulfone‐poly(ethylene‐glycol) block copolymer/silver nanocomposite for separating oil/water emulsion. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Elgawady
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | | | | | - Samer Adham
- ConocoPhilips Global Water Sustainability Center Qatar Science and Technology Park Doha Qatar
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Mariam Al Ali Al‐Maadeed
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
- Materials Science Technology Program College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University Doha Qatar
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Anbazhagan R, Krishnamoorthi R, Thankachan D, Van Dinh TT, Wang CF, Yang JM, Chang YH, Tsai HC. Fluorine-Free Superhydrophobic Covalent-Organic-Polymer Nanosheet Coating for Selective Dye and Emulsion Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4310-4320. [PMID: 35369694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic polymer nanosheets (COPNs) endowed with porous networks and large surface areas in their structures offer great advantages over other materials in addressing environmental problems. In this study, fluorine-free superhydrophobic COPNs were designed and applied to selective dye absorption. Notably, COPNs selectively adsorb dyes with a high hydrophobic index (HI) and reject low HI dyes with maximum adsorption capacities of 361 and 263 mg/g for crystal violet and methylene blue, respectively. The adsorption isotherm model showed that the COPNs follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Next, we explored the superhydrophobicity of the COPNs by in situ fabrication with melamine sponge (COPNs-MS), which incorporates the superhydrophobicity of COPNs [water contact angle (WCA) of >150°] with the structure and flexibility of the MS skeleton. The COPNs-MS shows various oil-adsorbing properties with good adsorption capacity (from 60 to 120 g/g) and also effectively separates various surfactant-stabilized emulsions with a separation efficiency of over 99%. The as-fabricated COPNs-MS retains its superhydrophobicity in various solvents and hazardous conditions (WCA ≥ 150°) and exhibits good flame retardancy and excellent compression properties with excellent antifouling property due to the superhydrophobic COPN coating. Furthermore, COPNs-MS also demonstrates excellent recyclability because the strong COPN coating in the MS skeleton retains its hydrophobicity. Therefore, our fluorine-free superhydrophobic COPNs are not only capable of selective dye adsorption but also exhibit very good oil adsorption and surfactant-stabilized emulsion separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshkumar Anbazhagan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Rajakumari Krishnamoorthi
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Darieo Thankachan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Van Dinh
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Centre for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Jen Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Centre for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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5
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Preparation of a Photosensitive Composite Carbon Fiber for Spilled Oil Cleaning. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with preparing a functional composite carbon fiber with a large surface area for spilled oil cleaning. The composite fiber consisted of photosensitive oxide particles and polymer-derived carbon. It was made by co-spinning the polymer and metallic compounds. After heat treatment at high temperatures, an activated carbon fiber containing oxide particles was obtained. The particles were found distributed in the fiber and at the surface of the fiber. The composite fiber was found sensitive to sunlight. Fiber mats made of the composite fiber possessed a high surface area for oil absorption and removal. Cobalt(II) titanate particles were obtained from the reaction of titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide. The reaction happened in situ through the hydrolysis of metallic compounds in the spun fiber. The titanium dioxide and cobalt(II) titanate particle-containing fibers demonstrated the photoactivity in the visible light spectrum. It was concluded that particle-containing composite carbon fiber mats can be prepared successfully by co-electrospinning. Due to the oleophilic property and the high active surface area, the composites are suitable for spilled oil cleaning through fast absorption.
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Abdullah A, Al-Qahatani A, Alquraish M, Baily C, El-Mofty S, El-Shazly A. Experimental Investigation of Fabricated Graphene Nanoplates/Polystyrene Nanofibrous Membrane for DCMD. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203499. [PMID: 34685260 PMCID: PMC8537701 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the fabrication of composite membranes using nanoparticles has played a vital role in membrane distillation (MD) technique. It could make available membranes with superior characteristics as excellent candidates for MD technique. The most well-known obstacles regarding the MD method are the low productivity and high cost. Thus, fabricating membranes with superior properties is a significant challenge. In the current study, a composite membrane has been fabricated using 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 weight percent (wt.%) of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) with polystyrene (PS) as a base polymer and characterized using SEM, FTIR, and contact angle. The characterization results prove the successful fabrication using electrospinning and the validity of the fabricated membranes to be applied to direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). In addition, a DCMD experimental setup has been designed to examine the performance of the fabricated membranes and compare the performance of blank PS with composite PS/GNPs membranes. The results show that all fabricated membranes produced an approximately similar average flux of about 10 kg/m2 h, while the highest GNPs wt.% showed the highest salt rejection. Accordingly, this composite membrane has been examined at different operating parameters and showed stable performance. Moreover, feed temperature and the rate of flow have a positive impact on the overall performance of the DCMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abdullah
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 67614, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-565912103
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Qahatani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Alquraish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 67614, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Colin Baily
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Salah El-Mofty
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 67614, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed El-Shazly
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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Abdullah TA, Juzsakova T, Rasheed RT, Salman AD, Sebestyen V, Domokos E, Sluser B, Cretescu I. Polystyrene-Fe 3O 4-MWCNTs Nanocomposites for Toluene Removal from Water. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195503. [PMID: 34639913 PMCID: PMC8509402 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this research, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized by oxidation with strong acids HNO3, H2SO4, and H2O2. Then, magnetite/MWCNTs nanocomposites were prepared and polystyrene was added to prepare polystyrene/MWCNTs/magnetite (PS:MWCNTs:Fe) nanocomposites. The magnetic property of the prepared nano-adsorbent PS:MWCNTs:Fe was successfully checked. For characterization, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and BET surface area were used to determine the structure, morphology, chemical nature, functional groups, and surface area with pore volume of the prepared nano-adsorbents. The adsorption procedures were carried out for fresh MWCNTs, oxidized MWCNTs, MWCNTs-Fe, and PS:MWCNTs:Fe nanocomposites in batch experiments. Toluene standard was used to develop the calibration curve. The results of toluene adsorption experiments exhibited that the PS:MWCNTs:Fe nonabsorbent achieved the highest removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of toluene removal. The optimum parameters for toluene removal from water were found to be 60 min, 2 mg nano-sorbent dose, pH of 5, solution temperature of 35 °C at 50 mL volume, toluene concentration of 50 mg/L, and shaking speed of 240 rpm. The adsorption kinetic study of toluene followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics, with the best correlation (R2) value of 0.998, while the equilibrium adsorption study showed that the Langmuir isotherm was obeyed, which suggested that the adsorption is a monolayer and homogenous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamer Adnan Abdullah
- Sustainability Solutions Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (T.A.A.); (T.J.); (A.D.S.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
- Chemistry Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq;
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Sustainability Solutions Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (T.A.A.); (T.J.); (A.D.S.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Rashed Taleb Rasheed
- Chemistry Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq;
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (T.A.A.); (T.J.); (A.D.S.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Viktor Sebestyen
- Sustainability Solutions Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (T.A.A.); (T.J.); (A.D.S.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Endre Domokos
- Sustainability Solutions Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (T.A.A.); (T.J.); (A.D.S.); (V.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Brindusa Sluser
- Faculty Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73, Blvd. D. Mangeron, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (I.C.); Tel.: +40-741-914-342 (I.C.)
| | - Igor Cretescu
- Faculty Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73, Blvd. D. Mangeron, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (I.C.); Tel.: +40-741-914-342 (I.C.)
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Essa WK, Yasin SA, Saeed IA, Ali GAM. Nanofiber-Based Face Masks and Respirators as COVID-19 Protection: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:250. [PMID: 33808380 PMCID: PMC8066241 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wearing face masks, use of respirators, social distancing, and practicing personal hygiene are all measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This pandemic has revealed the deficiency of face masks and respirators across the world. Therefore, significant efforts are needed to develop air filtration and purification technologies, as well as innovative, alternative antibacterial and antiviral treatment methods. It has become urgent-in order for humankind to have a sustainable future-to provide a feasible solution to air pollution, particularly to capture fine inhalable particulate matter in the air. In this review, we present, concisely, the air pollutants and adverse health effects correlated with long- and short-term exposure to humans; we provide information about certified face masks and respirators, their compositions, filtration mechanisms, and the variations between surgical masks and N95 respirators, in order to alleviate confusion and misinformation. Then, we summarize the electrospun nanofiber-based filters and their unique properties to improve the filtration efficiency of face masks and respirators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa K. Essa
- College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq; (W.K.E.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Suhad A. Yasin
- College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq; (W.K.E.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Ibtisam A. Saeed
- College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq; (W.K.E.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Gomaa A. M. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Electrically Conducting Pullulan-Based Nanobiocomposites Using Carbon Nanotubes and TEMPO Cellulose Nanofibril. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030602. [PMID: 33670897 PMCID: PMC7997298 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid nanobiocomposite films are prepared using a solution casting by incorporating TEMPO cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into an aqueous solution of pullulan (PULL). The presence of CNT is confirmed by XRD characterization, and the prepared film shows an increased degree of crystallinity after the addition of TOCNs and CNT. The maximum degree of crystallinity value is obtained for CNT 0.5 % (59.64%). According to the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the shifts of the characteristic -OH peak of PULL occurred after the addition of TOCNs and aqueous CNT (3306.39 to 3246.90 cm−1), confirming interaction between the TOCNs, CNTs, and PULL matrix. The prepared films show enhanced material properties including higher tensile strength (65.41 MPa at low CNT content (0.5%)), water barrier properties, and reduced moisture susceptibility (5 wt.% CNT shows the lowest value (11.28%)) compared with the neat PULL film. Additionally, the prepared films are almost biodegradable within 64 days and show excellent electrical conductivity (0.001 to 0.015 S/mm for 0.5–5% CNT), which suggests a new approach to transform natural polymers into novel advanced materials for use in the fields of biosensing and electronics.
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Su R, Li S, Wu W, Song C, Liu G, Yu Y. Recent progress in electrospun nanofibrous membranes for oil/water separation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Elrasheedy A, Rabie M, El-Shazly A, Bassyouni M, Abdel-Hamid S, El Kady MF. Numerical Investigation of Fabricated MWCNTs/Polystyrene Nanofibrous Membrane for DCMD. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13010160. [PMID: 33406737 PMCID: PMC7795322 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of compositing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) to fabricate nanofibrous membrane by electrospinning technique and comparing the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) performance of the blank and composite membranes is evaluated numerically. Surface morphology of both the pristine and the composite membrane was studied by SEM imaging while the average fiber diameter and average pore size were measured using ImageJ software. Static water contact angle and porosities were also determined for both membranes. Results showed significant enhancement in both the hydrophobicity and porosity of the composite membrane by increasing the static water contact angle from 145.4° for the pristine PS membrane to 155° for the PS/MWCNTs composite membrane while the porosity was increased by 28%. Simulation results showed that at any given feed inlet temperature, the PS/MWCNTs membrane have higher permeate flux and better overall system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elrasheedy
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (M.R.); (A.E.-S.); (M.F.E.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (M.B.); Tel.: +20-10-9815-1351 (A.E.); +20-11-5967-5357 (M.B.)
| | - Mohammed Rabie
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (M.R.); (A.E.-S.); (M.F.E.K.)
- Mechanical Power Engineering, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Shazly
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (M.R.); (A.E.-S.); (M.F.E.K.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bassyouni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Materials Science Program, Zewail University of Science and Technology, City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (M.B.); Tel.: +20-10-9815-1351 (A.E.); +20-11-5967-5357 (M.B.)
| | - S.M.S. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, the Egyptian Academy for Engineering and Advanced Technology, Affiliated to Ministry of Military Production, Al Salam City 3056, Egypt;
| | - Marwa F. El Kady
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (M.R.); (A.E.-S.); (M.F.E.K.)
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Luo Y, Wang X, Zhang R, Singh M, Ammar A, Cousins D, Hassan MK, Ponnamma D, Adham S, Al-Maadeed MAA, Karim A. Vertically oriented nanoporous block copolymer membranes for oil/water separation and filtration. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9648-9654. [PMID: 32808620 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The separation of oil from water and filtration of aqueous solutions and dispersions are critical issues in the processing of waste and contaminated water treatment. Membrane-based technology has been proven as an effective method for the separation of oil from water. In this research, novel vertical nanopores membrane, via oriented cylindrical block copolymer (BCP) films, suitable for oil/water filtration has been designed, fabricated and tested. We used a ∼100 nm thick model poly(styrene-block-methymethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BCP as the active top nanofiltration layer, processed using a roll-to-roll (R2R) method of cold zone annealing (CZA) to obtain vertical orientation, followed by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation selective etch of PMMA cylinders to form vertically oriented nanopores as a novel feature compared to meandering nanopores in other reported BCP systems. The cylindrical nanochannels are hydrophilic, and have a uniform pore size (∼23 nm), a narrow pore size distribution and a high nanopore density (∼420 per sq. micron). The bottom supporting layer is a conventional microporous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. The created asymmetric membrane is demonstrated to be effective for oil/water extraction with a modestly high throughput rate comparable to other RO/NF membranes. The molecular weight dependent filtration of a water soluble polymer, PEO, demonstrates the broader applications of such membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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El-Samak AA, Ponnamma D, Hassan MK, Ammar A, Adham S, Al-Maadeed MAA, Karim A. Designing Flexible and Porous Fibrous Membranes for Oil Water Separation—A Review of Recent Developments. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1714651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. El-Samak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Ali Ammar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samer Adham
- ConocoPhillips Global Water Sustainability Center, Qatar Science and Technology Park, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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White Graphene-Cobalt Oxide Hybrid Filler Reinforced Polystyrene Nanofibers for Selective Oil Absorption. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:polym12010004. [PMID: 31861294 PMCID: PMC7027006 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, stable hydrophobic nanocomposites are made from electrospun fibers of polystyrene (PS) containing a hybrid filler combination of (i) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and (ii) cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanomaterials. Good synergistic interaction is observed between the nanomaterials, since the growth of Co3O4 was carried out in presence of white graphene nanosheets. Filler synergy modifies the PS surfaces, by enhancing the filler-polymer interfacial interactions and provides good tensile strength. The hydrophobic films are gamma irradiated to improve crosslinking within the polymer nanocomposites. Since gamma irradiation enhances the surface roughness, its hydrophobicity/oleophilicity increases much and the final nanofibers show good oil-water separation efficiency. The nanofibers act as sponge clothing to skim the oil from a mixture of oil and water. Durability of the fibers in hot water and in presence of ultrasonic waves is also tested and good response is achieved. Contact angle studies are performed to investigate the surface properties and to check the influence of gamma irradiation on the surface wettability. The gamma-irradiated PS nanocomposite fiber shows a contact angle of 152° ± 2° compared to the 140° ± 1° of the neat PS fiber, evidencing the superhydrophobicity. Both the effects of crosslink density enhancement and hybrid filler distribution make the composite fibers stronger in oil absorption application even at higher operation temperatures. The fibers are reported to be robust and durable, in addition.
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