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Anukwah G, Gadzekpo V. Production of natural cellulose-based microfibres, from oil palm mesocarp fibres and pineapple leaf wastes, as porous supports for further applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37701. [PMID: 39309941 PMCID: PMC11416229 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural cellulose-based microfibers were obtained through an economical and environmentally sustainable process called alkaline-peroxide purification, from the waste products of oil palm mesocarp fibres (OPMF) and pineapple leaves (PL), with the intention of creating porous, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic solid supports for use in future processes. The extracted microfibres were then taken through microscopic, spectroscopic and thermal characterisation to establish their cellulosic nature. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of the bleached microfibres (B-OPMF and B-PLF) were cleaner, smoother and porous as compared with that of the unrefined fibres (Ur-OPMF and Ur-PLF). The bleached fibres (B-OPMF and B-PLF) exhibited peaks of C and O, which are indicative of pure cellulose, in the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The FTIR spectral analysis of the extracted cellulose-based fibres (B-OPMF and B-PLF) exhibited peaks that were similar in composition to the reference cellulose (P-GB). For the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis, the maximum weight degradation in the reference cellulose (P-GB), occurred at 363.11 °C, in the bleached palm fibres (B-OPMF) at 334.55 °C and in the bleached pineapple leaf fibres (B-PLF) at 375.68 °C which, corresponds to cellulose decomposition. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test verified the microfibers' thermally induced transitions. Therefore, these cellulose-based microfibres could be applied as functionalised microfibre supports for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.D. Anukwah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - V.P.Y. Gadzekpo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Kamaruddin ZH, Jumaidin R, Kamaruddin ZH, Asyraf MRM, Razman MR, Khan T. Effect of Cymbopogan citratus Fibre on Physical and Impact Properties of Thermoplastic Cassava Starch/Palm Wax Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102364. [PMID: 37242939 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogan citratus fibre (CCF) is an agricultural waste plant derived from a natural cellulosic source of fibre that can be used in various bio-material applications. This paper beneficially prepared thermoplastic cassava starch/palm wax blends incorporated with Cymbopogan citratus fibre (TCPS/PW/CCF) bio-composites at different CCF concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 wt%. In contrast, palm wax loading remained constant at 5 wt% concentration using the hot moulding compression method. TCPS/PW/CCF bio-composites were characterised in the present paper via their physical and impact properties. The addition of CCF significantly improved impact strength by 50.65% until 50 wt% CCF loading. Furthermore, it was observed that the inclusion of CCF resulted in a little decrement in biocomposite solubility compared to neat TPCS/PW biocomposite from 28.68% to 16.76%. Water absorption showed higher water resistance in the composites incorporating 60 wt.% fibre loading. The TPCS/PW/CCF biocomposites with different fibre contents had 11.04-5.65% moisture content, which was lower than the control biocomposite. The thickness of all samples decreased gradually with increasing fibre content. Overall, these findings provide evidence that CCF waste can be utilised as a high-quality filler in biocomposites due to its diverse characteristics, including improving the properties of biocomposites and strengthening their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatil Hafila Kamaruddin
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rizal Razman
- Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tabrej Khan
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
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Syamsir A, Ean LW, Asyraf MRM, Supian ABM, Madenci E, Özkılıç YO, Aksoylu C. Recent Advances of GFRP Composite Cross Arms in Energy Transmission Tower: A Short Review on Design Improvements and Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2778. [PMID: 37049072 PMCID: PMC10095936 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (pGFRP) composites have been extensively applied as cross-arm structures in latticed transmission towers. These materials were chosen for their high strength-to-weight ratio and lightweight characteristics. Nevertheless, several researchers have discovered that several existing composite cross arms can decline in performance, which leads to composite failure due to creep, torsional movement, buckling, moisture, significant temperature change, and other environmental factors. This leads to the composite structure experiencing a reduced service life. To resolve this problem, several researchers have proposed to implement composite cross arms with sleeve installation, an addition of bracing systems, and the inclusion of pGFRP composite beams with the core structure in order to have a sustainable composite structure. The aforementioned improvements in these composite structures provide superior performance under mechanical duress by having better stiffness, superiority in flexural behaviour, enhanced energy absorption, and improved load-carrying capacity. Even though there is a deficiency in the previous literature on this matter, several established works on the enhancement of composite cross-arm structures and beams have been applied. Thus, this review articles delivers on a state-of-the-art review on the design improvement and mechanical properties of composite cross-arm structures in experimental and computational simulation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agusril Syamsir
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Woen Ean
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty Mechanical of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohd Supian
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Emrah Madenci
- Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ceyhun Aksoylu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Konya Technical University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
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Madenci E, Özkılıç YO, Aksoylu C, Asyraf MRM, Syamsir A, Supian ABM, Mamaev N. Buckling Analysis of CNT-Reinforced Polymer Composite Beam Using Experimental and Analytical Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020614. [PMID: 36676354 PMCID: PMC9864419 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article was to investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the buckling behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The materials used included three layers: carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), epoxy and CNTs. A set of mechanical tests, such as compression and buckling tests, was performed, and also analytical solutions were developed. Damage analysis was also carried out by controlling the damage initiation and crack progression on the composite samples. Experimental results revealed that using 0.3% with CNT additives enhanced the buckling performance of the composite. Finally, the average load-carrying capacity for the clamped-clamped boundary condition was 268% higher in the CNT samples and 282% higher in the NEAT samples compared to the simple-simple condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Madenci
- Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | | | - Ceyhun Aksoylu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Agusril Syamsir
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohd Supian
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nicolay Mamaev
- World-Class Research Center “Advanced Digital Technologies”, State Marine Technical University, 190121 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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