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Wang C, Huang X, Sun K, Li X, Feng D, Nakamura Y, Qi H. Whey protein and flaxseed gum co-encapsulated fucoxanthin promoted tumor cells apoptosis based on MAPK-PI3K/Akt regulation on Huh-7 cell xenografted nude mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134838. [PMID: 39159798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX), a non-provitamin-A carotenoid, is a well-known major xanthophyll contained in edible brown algae. The nanoencapsulation of FX was motivated due to its multiple activities. Here, nano-encapsulated-FX (nano-FX) was prepared according to our early method by using whey protein and flaxseed gum as the biomacromolecule carrier material, then in vivo antitumor effect and mechanism of nano-FX on xenograft mice were investigated. Thirty 4-week-old male BALB/c nude mice were fed adaptively for 7 days to establish xenograft tumor model with Huh-7 cells. The tumor-bearing mice consumed nano-FX (50, 25, and 12.5 mg kg-1) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, 1 mg kg-1) or did not consume (Control) for 21 days, n = 6. The tumor inhibition rates of nano-FX were as high as 54.67 ± 1.04 %. Nano-FX intervention promoted apoptosis and induced hyperchromatic pyknosis and focal necrosis in tumor tissue by down-regulating the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, PI3Kp85α, p-AKT, p-p38MAPK, Bcl-2, CyclinD1 and Ki-67, while up-regulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. Nano-FX inhibited tumor growth and protected liver function of tumor bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner, up-regulate the level of apoptosis-related proteins, inhibit the MAPK-PI3K/Akt pathways, and promote tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xu Huang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kailing Sun
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiang Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dingding Feng
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Sládeková L, Li H, DesMarais VM, Beck AP, Guzik H, Vyhlídalová B, Gu H, Mani S, Dvořák Z. Unlocking the Potential: FKK6 as a Microbial Mimicry-Based Therapy for Chronic Inflammation-Associated Colorectal Cancer in a Murine Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.30.605845. [PMID: 39211241 PMCID: PMC11360961 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.30.605845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation significantly contributes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and remains a pertinent clinical challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Indole-based microbial metabolite mimics FKK6, which is a ligand and agonist of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), was recently demonstrated to have PXR-dependent anti-inflammatory and protective effects in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of FKK6 in a mouse model (C57BL/6 FVB humanized PXR mice) of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). FKK6 (2 mg/kg) displayed substantial anti-tumor activity, as revealed by reduced size and number of colon tumors, improved colon histopathology, and decreased expression of tumor markers (c-MYC, β-catenin, Ki-67, cyclin D) in the colon. In addition, we carried out the chronic toxicity (30 days) assessment of FKK6 (1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) in C57BL/6 mice. Histological examination of tissues, biochemical blood analyses, and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and γ-H2AX showed no difference between FKK6-treated and control mice. Comparative metabolomic analyses in mice exposed for 5 days to DSS and administered with FKK6 (0.4 mg/kg) revealed no significant effects on several classes of metabolites in the mouse fecal metabolome. Ames and micronucleus tests showed no genotoxic and mutagenic potential of FKK6 in vitro . In conclusion, anticancer effects of FKK6 in AOM/DSS-induced CAC, together with FKK6 safety data from in vitro tests and in vivo chronic toxicity study, and comparative metabolomic study, are supportive of the potential therapeutic use of FKK6 in the treatment of CAC.
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Manickasamy MK, Jayaprakash S, Girisa S, Kumar A, Lam HY, Okina E, Eng H, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Delineating the role of nuclear receptors in colorectal cancer, a focused review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:41. [PMID: 38372868 PMCID: PMC10876515 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as one of the most prevalent form of cancer globally, causing a significant number of deaths, surpassing 0.9 million in the year 2020. According to GLOBOCAN 2020, CRC ranks third in incidence and second in mortality in both males and females. Despite extensive studies over the years, there is still a need to establish novel therapeutic targets to enhance the patients' survival rate in CRC. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors (TFs) that regulate numerous essential biological processes such as differentiation, development, physiology, reproduction, and cellular metabolism. Dysregulation and anomalous expression of different NRs has led to multiple alterations, such as impaired signaling cascades, mutations, and epigenetic changes, leading to various diseases, including cancer. It has been observed that differential expression of various NRs might lead to the initiation and progression of CRC, and are correlated with poor survival outcomes in CRC patients. Despite numerous studies on the mechanism and role of NRs in this cancer, it remains of significant scientific interest primarily due to the diverse functions that various NRs exhibit in regulating key hallmarks of this cancer. Thus, modulating the expression of NRs with their agonists and antagonists, based on their expression levels, holds an immense prospect in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutical modalities of CRC. In this review, we primarily focus on the role and mechanism of NRs in the pathogenesis of CRC and emphasized the significance of targeting these NRs using a variety of agents, which may represent a novel and effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Manickasamy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sujitha Jayaprakash
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Hiu Yan Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Bharathiraja P, Yadav P, Sajid A, Ambudkar SV, Prasad NR. Natural medicinal compounds target signal transduction pathways to overcome ABC drug efflux transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 71:101004. [PMID: 37660590 PMCID: PMC10840887 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 are the major players in drug efflux-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), which severely affects the efficacy of chemotherapy. Several synthetic compounds block the drug transport by ABC transporters; however, they exhibit a narrow therapeutic window, and produce side effects in non-target normal tissues. Conversely, the downregulation of the expression of ABC drug transporters seems to be a promising strategy to reverse MDR in cancer cells. Several signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, STAT3, Gli, NICD, YAP/TAZ, and Nrf2 upregulate the expression of ABC drug transporters in drug-resistant cancers. Recently, natural medicinal compounds have gained importance to overcome the ABC drug-efflux pump-mediated MDR in cancer. These compounds target transcription factors and the associated signal transduction pathways, thereby downregulating the expression of ABC transporters in drug-resistant cancer cells. Several potent natural compounds have been identified as lead candidates to synergistically enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, and a few of them are already in clinical trials. Therefore, modulation of signal transduction pathways using natural medicinal compounds for the reversal of ABC drug transporter-mediated MDR in cancer is a novel approach for improving the efficiency of the existing chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discuss the modulatory role of natural medicinal compounds on cellular signaling pathways that regulate the expression of ABC transporters in drug-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradhapsingh Bharathiraja
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA.
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Mohan CD, Warrier S, Hui KM, Rangappa KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:765-822. [PMID: 36482154 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, immune modulation, development, reproduction, and aging are extensively orchestrated by different NRs. The involvement of dysregulated NRs and NR-mediated signaling pathways in driving cancer cell hallmarks has been thoroughly investigated. Targeting NRs has been one of the major focuses of drug development strategies for cancer interventions. Interestingly, rapid progress in molecular biology and drug screening reveals that the naturally occurring compounds are promising modern oncology drugs which are free of potentially inevitable repercussions that are associated with synthetic compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to draw our attention to the potential therapeutic effects of various classes of natural compounds that target NRs such as phytochemicals, dietary components, venom constituents, royal jelly-derived compounds, and microbial derivatives in the establishment of novel and safe medications for cancer treatment. This review also emphasizes molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are leveraged to promote the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds. We have also critically reviewed and assessed the advantages and limitations of current preclinical and clinical studies on this subject for cancer prophylaxis. This might subsequently pave the way for new paradigms in the discovery of drugs that target specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, Mulin Montechiari Machado JA, Sinoti SBP, Toullec AS, Rodrigues PM, Neves FDAR, Simeoni LA, Silveira D, Prieto JM. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826395. [PMID: 36278236 PMCID: PMC9579425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants species from European -such as Artemisia absinthium, Equisetum arvense, Lamium album, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Passiflora incarnata, Frangula purshiana, and Salix alba- as well as Latin American traditions -such as Libidibia ferrea, Bidens pilosa, Casearia sylvestris, Costus spicatus, Monteverdia ilicifolia, Persea americana, Schinus terebinthifolia, Solidago chilensis, Syzygium cumini, Handroanthus impetiginosus, and Vernonanthura phosphorica- are shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, they lack many data on their action upon some key ADME targets. In this study, we assess non-toxic concentrations (up to100 μg/ml) of their infusions for in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). We further investigated the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate L. ferrea, C. sylvestris, M. ilicifolia, P. americana, S. terebinthifolia, S. cumini, V. phosphorica, E. arvense, P. incarnata, F. purshiana, and S. alba can significantly increase CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression in HepG2 cells. Only F. purshiana shown to do so likely via hPXR activation. P-gp activity was affected by L. ferrea, F. purshiana, S. terebinthifolia, and S. cumini. Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to all extracts except S. alba and S. cumini This was accompanied by a lower GGT activity in the case of C. spicatus, P. americana, S. alba, and S. terebinthifolia, whilst L. ferrea, P. incarnata and F. purshiana increased it. Surprisingly, S. cumini aqueous extract drastically decreased GGT activity (−48%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines causes in vitro disturbances to key drug metabolism mechanisms. We recommend active pharmacovigilance for Libidibia ferrea (Mart.) L. P. Queiroz, Frangula purshiana Cooper, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, and Salix alba L. which were able to alter all targets in our preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flora Aparecida Milton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | | | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | - Jose Maria Prieto
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
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Husain I, Dale OR, Manda V, Ali Z, Gurley BJ, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Khan SI. Bulbine natalensis (currently Bulbine latifolia) and select bulbine knipholones modulate the activity of AhR, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and P-gp. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:975-984. [PMID: 34359083 DOI: 10.1055/a-1557-2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bulbine natalensis, an emerging medicinal herb on the global market with androgenic properties, is often formulated in dietary supplements that promote perceived sexual enhancement. However, to date, comprehensive safety studies of B. natalensis are lacking, particularly those related to its herb-drug interaction potential. The purpose of this study was to assess the inductive and inhibitory effects of extracts and pure compounds of B. natalensis on human cytochrome P-450 isozymes in vitro. Our findings demonstrated that both water and methanolic extracts of B. natalensis as well as knipholone, bulbine-knipholone, and 6'-O-methylknipholone dose-dependently increased mRNA expression encoded by CYP2B6, CYP1A2, and ABCB1 genes. Functional analyses showed that water (60 to 2.20 µg/mL) and methanolic (30 to 3.75 µg/mL) extracts and knipholones (10 to 0.33 µM) increased CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, water extract (60 µg/mL), methanolic extract (30 µg/mL), and knipholone (10 µM) caused activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor up to 11.1 ± 0.7, 8.9 ± 0.6, and 7.1 ± 2.0-fold, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition studies revealed that methanolic extract attenuated the activity of metabolically active CYP1A2 (IC50, 22.6 ± 0.4 µg/mL) and CYP2B6 (IC50, 34.2 ± 6.6 µg/mL) proteins, whereas water extracts had no inhibitory effect on either isoform. These findings suggest that chronic consumption of B. natalensis may affect normal homeostasis of select CYPs with subsequent risks for HDIs when concomitantly ingested with conventional medications that are substrates of CYP2B6 and CYP1A2. However, more in-depth translational studies are required to validate our current findings and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Olivia R Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Vamshi Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Bill J Gurley
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
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8
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Wang J, Fu J, Sun W, Yin X, Lv K, Zhang J. Functionalized PEG-PLA nanoparticles for brain targeted delivery of ketoconazole contribute to pregnane X receptor overexpressing in drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2022; 186:107000. [PMID: 36037622 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a functionalized PEG-PLA nanoparticle system containing ketoconazole (KCZ) to overcome the overactivity of pregnane X receptor (PXR) for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). SIGNIFICANCE KCZ was developed as a therapy strategy for DRE limited by its lethal hepatotoxicity and minute brain concentration. KCZ-incorporated nanoparticles modified with angiopep-2 (NPs/KCZ) could reduce adverse effects of KCZ and achieve epileptic foci-targeted drug delivery. METHODS NPs/KCZ was prepared by thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy evaluation of NPs/KCZ was evaluated in a kainic acid (KA)-induced mice model of epilepsy with carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment. RESULTS The mean particle size and Zeta potential of NPs/KCZ were 17.84 ± 0.33 nm and - 2.28 ± 0.12 mV, respectively. The drug-loading (DL%) of KCZ in nanoparticles was 8.96 ± 0.12 % and the entrapment efficiency (EE%) was 98.56 ± 0.02 %. The critical value of critical micelle concentration was 10-3.3 mg/ml. No obvious cytotoxicity was found in vitro. The behavioral and electrographic seizure activities were obviously attenuated in NPs/KCZ+CBZ group. The CBZ concentration of brain tissues in mice treated with NPs/KCZ+CBZ was significantly increased than those treated with CBZ alone (P = 0.0028). A significantly decreased expression level of PXR and its downstream proteins was observed in NPs/KCZ+CBZ group compared with that in the control and CBZ group (All P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that NPs/KCZ achieved the epileptic foci-targeted delivery of KCZ and ameliorated the efficacy of CBZ on DRE by attenuating the overactivity of PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Junyan Fu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanbing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuyang Yin
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China.
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9
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Saquib Q, Al-Salem AM, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Zhang X, Al-Khedhairy AA. Cyto-Genotoxic and Transcriptomic Alterations in Human Liver Cells by Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphate (TEHP): A Putative Hepatocarcinogen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073998. [PMID: 35409358 PMCID: PMC8999606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is an organophosphate flame retardant (OPFRs) which is extensively used as a plasticizer and has been detected in human body fluids. Contemporarily, toxicological studies on TEHP in human cells are very limited and there are few studies on its genotoxicity and cell death mechanism in human liver cells (HepG2). Herein, we find that HepG2 cells exposed to TEHP (100, 200, 400 µM) for 72 h reduced cell survival to 19.68%, 49.83%, 58.91% and 29.08%, 47.7% and 57.90%, measured by MTT and NRU assays. TEHP did not induce cytotoxicity at lower concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 µM) after 24 h and 48 h of exposure. Flow cytometric analysis of TEHP-treated cells elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), Ca++ influx and esterase levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction (ΔΨm). DNA damage analysis by comet assay showed 4.67, 9.35, 13.78-fold greater OTM values in TEHP (100, 200, 400 µM)-treated cells. Cell cycle analysis exhibited 23.1%, 29.6%, and 50.8% of cells in SubG1 apoptotic phase after TEHP (100, 200 and 400 μM) treatment. Immunofluorescence data affirmed the activation of P53, caspase 3 and 9 proteins in TEHP-treated cells. In qPCR array of 84 genes, HepG2 cells treated with TEHP (100 µM, 72 h) upregulated 10 genes and downregulated 4 genes belonging to a human cancer pathway. Our novel data categorically indicate that TEHP is an oxidative stressor and carcinogenic entity, which exaggerates mitochondrial functions to induce cyto- and genotoxicity and cell death, implying its hepatotoxic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-114-675-768
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Salem
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Sabiha M. Ansari
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
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10
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Niu X, Wu T, Li G, Gu X, Tian Y, Cui H. Insights into the critical role of the PXR in preventing carcinogenesis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:742-759. [PMID: 35002522 PMCID: PMC8741843 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane x receptor (PXR) as a nuclear receptor is well-established in drug metabolism, however, it has pleiotropic functions in regulating inflammatory responses, glucose metabolism, and protects normal cells against carcinogenesis. Most studies focus on its transcriptional regulation, however, PXR can regulate gene expression at the translational level. Emerging evidences have shown that PXR has a broad protein-protein interaction network, by which is implicated in the cross signaling pathways. Furthermore, the interactions between PXR and some critical proteins (e.g., p53, Tip60, p300/CBP-associated factor) in DNA damage pathway highlight its potential roles in this field. A thorough understanding of how PXR maintains genome stability and prevents carcinogenesis will help clinical diagnosis and finally benefit patients. Meanwhile, due to the regulation of CYP450 enzymes CYP3A4 and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), PXR contributes to chemotherapeutic drug resistance. It is worthy of note that the co-factor of PXR such as RXRα, also has contributions to this process, which makes the PXR-mediated drug resistance more complicated. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) vary between individuals, the amino acid substitution on exon of PXR finally affects PXR transcriptional activity. In this review, we have summarized the updated mechanisms that PXR protects the human body against carcinogenesis, and major contributions of PXR with its co-factors have made on multidrug resistance. Furthermore, we have also reviewed the current promising antagonist and their clinic applications in reversing chemoresistance. We believe our review will bring insight into PXR-targeted cancer therapy, enlighten the future study direction, and provide substantial evidence for the clinic in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Niu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gege Li
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Hongmei Cui
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Rigalli JP, Theile D, Nilles J, Weiss J. Regulation of PXR Function by Coactivator and Corepressor Proteins: Ligand Binding Is Just the Beginning. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113137. [PMID: 34831358 PMCID: PMC8625645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a nuclear receptor which exerts its regulatory function by heterodimerization with the retinoid-X-receptor α (RXRα, NR2B1) and binding to the promoter and enhancer regions of diverse target genes. PXR is involved in the regulation of drug metabolism and excretion, metabolic and immunological functions and cancer pathogenesis. PXR activity is strongly regulated by the association with coactivator and corepressor proteins. Coactivator proteins exhibit histone acetyltransferase or histone methyltransferase activity or associate with proteins having one of these activities, thus promoting chromatin decondensation and activation of the gene expression. On the contrary, corepressor proteins promote histone deacetylation and therefore favor chromatin condensation and repression of the gene expression. Several studies pointed to clear cell- and ligand-specific differences in the activation of PXR. In this article, we will review the critical role of coactivator and corepressor proteins as molecular determinants of the specificity of PXR-mediated effects. As already known for other nuclear receptors, understanding the complex mechanism of PXR activation in each cell type and under particular physiological and pathophysiological conditions may lead to the development of selective modulators with therapeutic potential.
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12
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Zhang J, Pavek P, Kamaraj R, Ren L, Zhang T. Dietary phytochemicals as modulators of human pregnane X receptor. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-23. [PMID: 34698593 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As a promiscuous xenobiotic sensor, pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays a crucial role in drug metabolism. Since dietary phytochemicals exhibit the potential to modulate human PXR, this review aims to summarize the plant-derived PXR modulators, including agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists. The crystal structures of the apo and ligand-bound forms of PXR especially that of PXR complexed with binary mixtures are summarized, in order to provide the structural basis for PXR binding promiscuity and synergistic activation of PXR by composite ligands. Furthermore, this review summarizes the characterized agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of human PXR from botanical source. Contrary to PXR agonists, there are only a few antagonists obtained from botanical source due to the promiscuity of PXR. It is worth noting that trans-resveratrol and a series of methylindoles have been identified as partial agonists of PXR, both in activating PXR function, but also inhibiting the effect of other PXR agonists. Since antagonizing PXR function plays a crucial role in the prevention of drug-drug interactions and improvement of therapeutic efficacy, further research is necessary to screen more plant-derived PXR antagonists in the future. In summary, this review may contribute to understanding the roles of phytochemicals in food-drug and herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Yim SK, Kim I, Warren B, Kim J, Jung K, Ku B. Antiviral Activity of Two Marine Carotenoids against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Entry In Silico and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6481. [PMID: 34204256 PMCID: PMC8235185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine carotenoids fucoxanthin and siphonaxanthin are powerful antioxidants that are attracting focused attention to identify a variety of health benefits and industry applications. In this study, the binding energy of these carotenoids with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-glycoprotein was predicted by molecular docking simulation, and their inhibitory activity was confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus on HEK293 cells overexpressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Siphonaxanthin from Codium fragile showed significant antiviral activity with an IC50 of 87.4 μM against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry, while fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll did not. The acute toxicities were predicted to be relatively low, and pharmacokinetic predictions indicate GI absorption. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the inhibition of viral infection by siphonaxanthin, these results provide useful information in the application of these marine carotenoids for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kun Yim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (B.W.); (K.J.)
| | - Inhee Kim
- Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co. Ltd., #B-8F, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea; (I.K.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Boyd Warren
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (B.W.); (K.J.)
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co. Ltd., #B-8F, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea; (I.K.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Kyoojin Jung
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (B.W.); (K.J.)
| | - Bosung Ku
- Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co. Ltd., #B-8F, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea; (I.K.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
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14
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Yim SK, Kim K, Chun S, Oh T, Jung W, Jung K, Yun CH. Screening of Human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors from Seaweed In Silico and In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E603. [PMID: 33260381 PMCID: PMC7760626 DOI: 10.3390/md18120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP's binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kun Yim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (K.K.); (S.C.); (T.O.); (W.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Kian Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (K.K.); (S.C.); (T.O.); (W.J.); (K.J.)
| | - SangHo Chun
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (K.K.); (S.C.); (T.O.); (W.J.); (K.J.)
| | - TaeHawn Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (K.K.); (S.C.); (T.O.); (W.J.); (K.J.)
| | - WooHuk Jung
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (K.K.); (S.C.); (T.O.); (W.J.); (K.J.)
| | - KyooJin Jung
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea; (K.K.); (S.C.); (T.O.); (W.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
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15
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Creamer BA, Sloan SNB, Dennis JF, Rogers R, Spencer S, McCuen A, Persaud P, Staudinger JL. Associations between Pregnane X Receptor and Breast Cancer Growth and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102295. [PMID: 33076284 PMCID: PMC7602492 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily. This receptor is promiscuous in its activation profile and is responsive to a broad array of both endobiotic and xenobiotic ligands. PXR is involved in pivotal cellular detoxification processes to include the regulation of genes that encode key drug-metabolizing cytochrome-P450 enzymes, oxidative stress response, as well as enzymes that drive steroid and bile acid metabolism. While PXR clearly has important regulatory roles in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, this nuclear receptor also has biological functions in breast tissue. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of PXR’s role in mammary tumor carcinogenesis. The elevated level of PXR expression in cancerous breast tissue suggests a likely interface between aberrant cell division and xeno-protection in cancer cells. Moreover, PXR itself exerts positive effect on the cell cycle, thereby predisposing tumor cells to unchecked proliferation. Activation of PXR also plays a key role in regulating apoptosis, as well as in acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The repressive role of PXR in regulating inflammatory mediators along with the existence of genetic polymorphisms within the sequence of the PXR gene may predispose individuals to developing breast cancer. Further investigations into the role that PXR plays in driving tumorigenesis are needed.
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16
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Protein kinases as targets for developing anticancer agents from marine organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129759. [PMID: 33038451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases play a fundamental role in the intracellular transduction because of their ability to phosphorylate plethora of proteins. Over the past three decades, numerous protein kinase inhibitors have been identified and are being used clinically successfully. The biodiversity of marine organisms provides a rich source for the discovery and development of novel anticancer agents in the treatment of human malignancies and a lot of bioactive ingredients from marine organisms display anticancer effects by affecting the protein kinases-mediated pathways. In the present mini-review, anticancer compounds from marine source were reviewed and discussed in context of their targeted pathways associated with protein kinases and the progress of these compounds as anticancer agents in recent five years were emphasized. The molecular entities and their modes of actions were presented. We focused on protein kinases-mediated signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK, and EGFR. The marine compounds targeting special pathways of protein kinases were highlighted. We have also discussed the existing challenges and prospects related to design and development of novel protein kinase inhibitors from marine sources.
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17
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Eid SY, Althubiti MA, Abdallah ME, Wink M, El-Readi MZ. The carotenoid fucoxanthin can sensitize multidrug resistant cancer cells to doxorubicin via induction of apoptosis, inhibition of multidrug resistance proteins and metabolic enzymes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153280. [PMID: 32712543 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) causes failure of doxorubicin therapy of cancer cells, which develops after or during doxorubicin treatment resulting in cross-resistance to structurally and functionally-unrelated other anticancer drugs. MDR is multifactorial phenomenon associated with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, metabolic enzymes, impairment of apoptosis, and alteration of cell cycle checkpoints. The cancer-prevention of the dietary carotenoid; fucoxanthin (FUC) has been extensively explored. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of its action is not full elucidated. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Investigation of the underlying mechanism of MDR reversal by the dietary carotenoid fucoxanthin (FUC) and its ability to enhance the doxorubicin (DOX) cytotoxicity in resistant breast (MCF-7/ADR), hepatic (HepG-2/ADR), and ovarian (SKOV-3/ADR) cell lines. METHODS The synergistic interaction of FUC and DOX was evaluated using several techniques, viz.; MTT assay, ABC transporter function assays using FACS and fluorimetry, enzyme activity via spectroscopy and luminescence assays, and apoptosis assay using FACS, and gene expression using RTPCR. RESULTS FUC (20 µM) synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX and significantly reduced the dose of DOX (FR) in DOX resistant cells (MCF-7/ADR), hepatic (HepG-2/ADR), and ovarian (SKOV-3/ADR) to 8.42-(CI= 0.25), 6.28-(CI= 0.32), and 4.56-fold (CI=0.37) (P<0.001). FUC significantly increased the accumulation of DOX more than verapamil in resistant cells by 2.70, 2.67, and 3.95-fold of untreated cells (p<0.001), respectively. A FUC and DOX combination significantly increased the Rho123 accumulation higher than individual drugs by 2.36-, 2.38-, 1.89-fold verapamil effects in tested cells (p<0.001), respectively. The combination of the FUC and DOX decreased ABCC1, ABCG2, and ABCB1 expression. The FUC and DOX combination increased the levels and activity of caspases (CASP3, CASP8) and p53, while decreased the levels and activity of CYP3A4, GST, and PXR in resistant cancer cells. The combination induced early/late apoptosis to 91.9/5.4% compared with 0.0/0.7% of untreated control. CONCLUSION Our data suggests a new dietary and therapeutic approach of combining the FUC with DOX to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells. However, animal experiments should be conducted to confirm the findings before applying the results into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, K.S.A
| | | | - Mohamed E Abdallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, K.S.A
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, K.S.A; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 71524 Assiut, Egypt.
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18
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Bulutoglu B, Rey-Bedón C, Mert S, Tian L, Jang YY, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. A comparison of hepato-cellular in vitro platforms to study CYP3A4 induction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229106. [PMID: 32106230 PMCID: PMC7046200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies of drug toxicity and drug-drug interactions are crucial for drug development efforts. Currently, the utilization of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) is the de facto standard for this purpose, due to their functional xenobiotic response and drug metabolizing CYP450 enzyme metabolism. However, PHHs are scarce, expensive, require laborious maintenance, and exhibit lot-to-lot heterogeneity. Alternative human in vitro platforms include hepatic cell lines, which are easy to access and maintain, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived hepatocytes. In this study, we provide a direct comparison of drug induced CYP3A4 and PXR expression levels of PHHs, hepatic cell lines Huh7 and HepG2, and iPSC derived hepatocyte like cells. Confluently cultured Huh7s exhibited an improved CYP3A4 expression and were inducible by up to 4.9-fold, and hepatocytes differentiated from human iPSCs displayed a 3.3-fold CYP3A4 induction. In addition, an increase in PXR expression levels was observed in both hepatic cell lines and iPSC derived hepatocytes upon rifampicin treatment, whereas a reproducible increase in PXR expression was not achieved in PHHs. Our results indicate that both hepatoma originated cell lines and iPSCs may provide alternative sources to primary hepatocytes, providing reliable and reproducible results for CYP3A4/PXR metabolism, upon in vitro maturation. This study may serve as a guide for the selection of suitable and feasible in vitro platforms for drug-drug interaction and toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Bulutoglu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Camilo Rey-Bedón
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Safak Mert
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lipeng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - O. Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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19
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Almeida TP, Ramos AA, Ferreira J, Azqueta A, Rocha E. Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed with Anti-Leukemic Activity: A Mini-Review on Carotenoids and Phlorotannins. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:39-53. [PMID: 30854962 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190311095655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) represents 15-20% of all new cases of leukemia and is characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells. Currently, the first-line of treatment involves Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), which specifically inhibits the activity of the fusion protein BCR-ABL. However, resistance, mainly due to mutations, can occur. In the attempt to find more effective and less toxic therapies, several approaches are taken into consideration such as research of new anti-leukemic drugs and "combination chemotherapy" where different drugs that act by different mechanisms are used. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms of CML, the main mechanisms of drug resistance and current strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of TKIs in CML. Despite major advances in CML treatment, new, more potent anticancer drugs and with fewer side effects are needed. Marine organisms, and particularly seaweed, have a high diversity of bioactive compounds with some of them having anticancer activity in several in vitro and in vivo models. The state-of-art suggests that their use during cancer treatment may improve the outcome. We reviewed here the yet few data supporting anti-leukemic activity of some carotenoids and phlorotannins in some leukemia models. Also, strategies to overcome drug resistance are discussed, particularly the combination of conventional drugs with natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia P Almeida
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice A Ramos
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, CP 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Patrício D, Fardilha M. The mammalian two-hybrid system as a powerful tool for high-throughput drug screening. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:764-771. [PMID: 32032707 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the backbone of signaling pathways, responsible for the basis of cell communication and, when deregulated, several diseases. Consequently, identifying and modulating PPIs can unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases. The two-hybrid system, particularly the mammalian two-hybrid system (MTH), is an efficient technique to validate PPIs ex vivo. Combining MTH with high-throughput screening has a huge advantage in biomedical research. In this review, we describe methodologies developed from MTH and the role of these adaptations in PPI discovery. We also highlight the powerful contribution of MTH to the identification of disease-related PPIs and its use in the development of potential new drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patrício
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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21
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Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Pávek P. Marine Ligands of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): An Overview. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100554. [PMID: 31569349 PMCID: PMC6836225 DOI: 10.3390/md17100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor which binds many structurally different molecules. The receptor is able to regulate the expression of a wide array of genes and is involved in cancer and different key physiological processes such as the metabolism of drugs/xenobiotics and endogenous compounds including lipids and carbohydrates, and inflammation. Algae, sponges, sea squirts, and other marine organisms are some of the species from which structurally new molecules have been isolated that have been subsequently identified in recent decades as ligands for PXR. The therapeutic potential of these natural compounds is promising in different areas and has recently resulted in the registration of trabectedin by the FDA as a novel antineoplastic drug. Apart from being potentially novel drugs, these compounds can also serve as models for the development of new molecules with improved activity. The aim of this review is to succinctly summarize the currently known natural molecules isolated from marine organisms with a proven ability to interact with PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
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22
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Staudinger JL. Clinical applications of small molecule inhibitors of Pregnane X receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:61-71. [PMID: 30726709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The canonical effect of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR, NR1I2) agonism includes enhanced hepatic uptake and a concomitant increase in the first-pass metabolism and efflux of drugs in mammalian liver and intestine. In patients undergoing combination therapy, PXR-mediated gene regulation represents the molecular basis of numerous food-drug, herb-drug, and drug-drug interactions. Moreover, PXR activation promotes chemotherapeutic resistance in certain malignancies. Additional research efforts suggest that sustained PXR activation exacerbates the development of fatty liver disease. Additional metabolic effects of PXR activation in liver are the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis. The identification of non-toxic and selective PXR antagonists is therefore of current research interest. Inhibition of PXR should decrease adverse effects, improve therapeutic effectiveness, and advance clinical outcomes in patients with cancer, fatty liver, and diabetes. This review identifies small molecule PXR antagonists described to date, discusses possible molecular mechanisms of inhibition, and seeks to describe the likely biomedical consequences of the inhibition of this nuclear receptor superfamily member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Staudinger
- Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, MO, USA.
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23
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Lu T, Zhu X, Xu S, Zhao M, Huang X, Wang Z, Zhao L. Dosage Optimization Based on Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Tacrolimus in Chinese Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome. Pharm Res 2019; 36:45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Wu J, Yao N, Hu Q, Liu M, Zhang H, Xiong Y, Hu J, Xia C. Effect of panaxytriol on cytochrome P450 3A4 via the pregnane X receptor regulatory pathway. Phytother Res 2019; 33:968-975. [PMID: 30653754 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Panaxytriol (PXT) is one of the major effective components of red ginseng and Shenmai injection. The present study aimed to explore the effect of PXT on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) based on the pregnane X receptor (PXR)-CYP3A4 regulatory pathway in HepG2 cells and hPXR-overexpressing HepG2 cells treated with PXT for different time periods using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. PXT could upregulate the levels of PXR and CYP3A4 mRNA in HepG2 cells treated with PXT for 1 hr, with no impact on the expression of their protein levels. The expression levels of both PXR and CYP3A4 mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells treated with PXT for 24 hr increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of PXT on the expression of PXR and CYP3A4 mRNA and protein in hPXR-overexpressing HepG2 cells were similar to those in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the influence trend of PXT on CYP3A4 was consistent with that of PXR in HepG2 cells and hPXR-overexpressing HepG2 cells. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay in HepG2 cells further demonstrated that PXT treatment for specific time periods could significantly induce the expression of CYP3A4 mediated by the PXR regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Yao
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyi Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfang Hu
- Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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25
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Wang Z, Li H, Dong M, Zhu P, Cai Y. The anticancer effects and mechanisms of fucoxanthin combined with other drugs. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:293-301. [PMID: 30627824 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a characteristic carotenoid present in brown seaweed that has been shown to have various benefits, including anticancer effects. In vitro studies demonstrated these various effects, including the suppression of cell viability, the promotion of apoptosis, and antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic activity. Interestingly, combinations of Fx with other drugs have better effects than either Fx or other drugs alone. Although the antiproliferative and cancer prevention activities of the combination of Fx and other drugs are still unclear, several effects have been discovered, including the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at G1/G0, enhanced gap junctional intercellular communication, and the induction of autophagy via various mechanisms, such as decreasing P-gp, activating the CYP3A4 promoter, increasing reactive oxygen species and cellular uptake and suppressing the PI3K/Akt/NFκB pathway. In this review, we address the anticancer effects and mechanisms of the combination of Fx and other drugs in different types of cancer. METHODS The relevant literature from PubMed and Web of Science databases is reviewed in this article. RESULTS Fx combined with other drugs could enhance the effect of both Fx and the other drug or reduce the dose without reducing the effect, which may create more effective and less harmful therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSION Fx combined with other drugs has significant anticancer effects by various mechanisms and could be a potential therapeutic strategy for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Medical Examination Center, Zibo Sixth Hospital, Zibo Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupation Diseases, Zibo, China
| | - Minghao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HanZheng Street 473, QiaoKou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HanZheng Street 473, QiaoKou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Wu M, Zhao G, Zhuang X, Zhang T, Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhang Z. Triclosan treatment decreased the antitumor effect of sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2945-2954. [PMID: 29849464 PMCID: PMC5965385 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s165436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triclosan is a widely applied antimicrobial agent which affects the endocrine system and homeostasis; it may also promote the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth in a mice model. The exact roles of triclosan in regulating human hepatocellular carcinoma development and treatment remain unknown. Methods MHCC97-H, a highly aggressive HCC cell line, was treated with indicated concentration of triclosan or sorafenib. The expression of drug-resistance genes was examined by qPCR. The clearance or metabolism of sorafenib was determined by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). MTT assay was used to examine the MHCC97-H cell proliferation. Nude mice were used to exam the anti-tumor effect of sorafenib on subcutaneous and intrahepatic growth of MHCC97-H cells. Results In the present study, triclosan could induce the expression of drug-resistance genes in MHCC97-H cells (a highly aggressive HCC cell line), accelerate the clearance of sorafenib, and attenuate the anti-proliferation effect of this molecular targeted agent in MHCC97-H cells. Triclosan decreased the antitumor effect of sorafenib on subcutaneous and intrahepatic growth of MHCC97-H in nude mice. Conclusion By discovering the fact that triclosan treatment enhances sorafenib resistance in HCC cells, this work suggests exposure of triclosan is detrimental to HCC patients during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guanren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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27
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Zheng J, Li Z, Manabe Y, Kim M, Goto T, Kawada T, Sugawara T. Siphonaxanthin, a Carotenoid From Green Algae, Inhibits Lipogenesis in Hepatocytes via the Suppression of Liver X Receptor α Activity. Lipids 2018; 53:41-52. [PMID: 29446839 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has shown an increasing morbidity in recent years. Here, we demonstrated that siphonaxanthin (SPX), a rare marine carotenoid, exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on aggravated hepatic lipogenesis in vitro and would be a promising candidate in the prevention and alleviation of NAFLD in the future. In this study, we conducted a preliminary assessment of the effect of SPX on hepatic lipogenesis by using the HepG2 cell line, derived from human liver cancer, as a model of the liver. SPX significantly suppressed the excess accumulation of triacylglycerol induced by liver X receptor α (LXRα) agonist by downregulating a nuclear transcription factor named sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and a set of related genes. Moreover, fatty acid translocase (CD36) and fatty acid-binding protein-1, which regulates fatty acid uptake, also exhibited significant decrease in transcriptional levels. Furthermore, we found that SPX blocked LXRα activation and would be a promising candidate for antagonist of LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zheng
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhuosi Li
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Identification of approved drugs as potent inhibitors of pregnane X receptor activation with differential receptor interaction profiles. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1435-1451. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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Selvaraj G, Kaliamurthi S, Elibol Çakmak Z, Çakmak T. In silico validation of microalgal metabolites against Diabetes mellitus. DIABETES MELLITUS 2017. [DOI: 10.14341/dm8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim. Present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of microalgal metabolites as ligands for anti-diabetic target proteins viz., glucokinase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, glycogen synthase kinase, cytochrome P450, multi drug resistant protein, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR) via computational approach.
Matherials and methods. Three-dimensional structures of microalgal metabolites were retrieved from PubChem database and were energy minimized. The active site of target protein was predicted through PDB sum. Molecular docking was performed with microalgae metabolites by using Hex 8.0 and DockThor server.
Results. Hex docking revealed that the binding interaction of fucoxanthin was higher with fructose 1.6 bis-phosphatase (-298.31), human multidrug resistant protein 1 (-369.67), and PPAR(-404.18). DockThor docking indicated that zeaxanthin with glucokinase produced higher total energy (111.23 kcal/mol) and interaction energy (-2.99 kcal/mol). Lutein with fructose 1.6 bis phosphatase, human multidrug resistant protein, glycogen synthase kinase, PPARand cytochrome p450 produced higher total energy and interaction energy.
Conclusion. Further studies will assess the anti-diabetic effect of carotenoids of microalgae especially lutein, zeaxanthin and fucoxanthin.
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Yan L, Wang Y, Liu J, Nie Y, Zhong XB, Kan Q, Zhang L. Alterations of Histone Modifications Contribute to Pregnane X Receptor-Mediated Induction of CYP3A4 by Rifampicin. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:113-123. [PMID: 28546420 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4 is one of the major drug-metabolizing enzymes in human and is responsible for the metabolism of 60% of clinically used drugs. Many drugs are able to induce the expression of CYP3A4, which usually causes drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. This study aims to explore the role of histone modifications in rifampicin-induced expression of CYP3A4 in LS174T cells. We found that the induction of CYP3A4 mRNA (4- to 15-fold) by rifampicin in LS174T cells was associated with increased levels of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3, above 1.8-fold) and H3 acetylation (above 2-fold) and a decreased level of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3, about 50%) in the CYP3A4 promoter. Rifampicin enhanced recruitment to the CYP3A4 promoter of nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6, above 3-fold) and histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300, above 1.6-fold). Silencing NCOA6 or p300 by short-hairpin RNAs resulted in inhibition of the CYP3A4 induction as well as altered levels of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, or H3 acetylation in the CYP3A4 promoter. Knockdown of pregnane X receptor (PXR) expression not only suppressed the recruitment of NCOA6 and p300 but also abolished the changes caused by rifampicin in H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3 acetylation levels in the CYP3A4 promoter. Moreover, rifampicin treatment enhanced the nuclear accumulation and interactions between PXR and NCOA6/p300. In conclusion, we show that the alterations of histone modifications contribute to the PXR-mediated induction of CYP3A4 by rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (L.Y., J.L., Y.N, L.Z.) and Department of Forensic Medicine (Y.W.), School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.Z.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Q.K.)
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (L.Y., J.L., Y.N, L.Z.) and Department of Forensic Medicine (Y.W.), School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.Z.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Q.K.)
| | - Jingyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (L.Y., J.L., Y.N, L.Z.) and Department of Forensic Medicine (Y.W.), School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.Z.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Q.K.)
| | - Yali Nie
- Department of Pharmacology (L.Y., J.L., Y.N, L.Z.) and Department of Forensic Medicine (Y.W.), School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.Z.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Q.K.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology (L.Y., J.L., Y.N, L.Z.) and Department of Forensic Medicine (Y.W.), School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.Z.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Q.K.)
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacology (L.Y., J.L., Y.N, L.Z.) and Department of Forensic Medicine (Y.W.), School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.Z.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Q.K.)
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (L.Y., J.L., Y.N, L.Z.) and Department of Forensic Medicine (Y.W.), School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.Z.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Q.K.)
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Xu Z, Zhang L. BRCA1 expression serves a role in vincristine resistance in colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:345-348. [PMID: 28693174 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) expression and drug resistance in colon cancer, with the specific aim of elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of vincristine (VCR) resistance in tumor cells. The HCT-8 human colon cancer cell line was used to establish the VCR-resistant HCT-8/V line by gradually increasing the concentration of VCR during cell culture. The relative mRNA and protein expression levels of BRCA1 in these colon cancer cell lines was assessed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and western blotting, respectively. Resistance to VCR was established in the HCT-8/V colon cancer cells, and RT-qPCR and western blot analysis revealed the expression of BRCA1 to be significantly higher in the VCR-resistant cells compared with their drug-sensitive counterparts (P<0.05). The decreased BRCA1 expression in these VCR-resistant cells may be associated with the drug resistance frequently observed in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.,Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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32
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Zhang L, Liu L, Zheng C, Wang Y, Nie X, Shi D, Chen Y, Wei G, Wang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel podophyllotoxin-NSAIDs conjugates as multifunctional anti-MDR agents against resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402/5-FU cells. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:81-91. [PMID: 28301815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li Y, Huang L, Sun J, Wei X, Wen J, Zhong G, Huang M, Bi H. Mulberroside A suppresses PXR-mediated transactivation and gene expression of P-gp in LS174T cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hainan Medical University; Haikou 571199 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zhong
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Zhu Y, Li F, Zhang G, Shi J, Ou R, Tong Y, Liu Y, Liu L, Lu L, Liu Z. Spica prunellae and its marker compound rosmarinic acid induced the expression of efflux transporters through activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:1-11. [PMID: 27422165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spica prunellae (SP) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with properties of antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. This herb is also popularly consumed as a food additive in some drinks or other food forms for treating pyreticosis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is the marker compound from SP, which possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of the water extract of SP (WESP) and RA on efflux transports (ETs), including P-glycoprotein (p-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in HepG2 cell line. Results would provide beneficial information for the proper application of SP in clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with different doses of the tested drugs for 24 or 96h. MTT assay was used to examine cell viability. The protein and mRNA levels of the ETs were measured by using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Reporter assay was used to study the antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferin activity by using HepG2-C8 cells, which were generated by transfecting plasmid containing ARE-luciferin gene into HepG2 cells. The transport activities of ETs were tested by using substrate probes. RESULTS WESP significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression of ETs in a dose-dependent manner. The increase caused by WESP was stronger than RA alone. Both WESP and RA promoted the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) from cytoplasm to the nucleus as well as significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the ARE-luciferin activity. WESP and RA also enhanced the efflux activity of P-gp and MRP2, accompanied by marked increase (p<0.05) in the intracellular ATP levels. CONCLUSIONS WESP could significantly induce the expression of ETs through the activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. RA could be one of the active compounds responsible for the induction. WESP and RA also enhanced the efflux activity of P-gp and MRP2, and the increased intracellular ATP levels were likely involved in this induction. Results of this study provide a better understanding of the regulation of SP on ETs and the underlying molecular mechanism. Results indicated that potential drug-drug interactions may exist when SP is co-administered with other substrate drugs that are transported via the ETs, especially P-gp and MRP2, thereby providing beneficial information for appropriate use of SP for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Wu
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhu
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Rilan Ou
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yunli Tong
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Interational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
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Kawauchi S, Nakamura T, Horibe S, Tanahashi T, Mizuno S, Hamaguchi T, Rikitake Y. Down-regulation of hepatic CYP3A1 expression in a rat model of indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcers. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:522-532. [PMID: 27666336 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver and the small intestine are closely related in the processes of drug absorption, metabolism and excretion via the enterohepatic circulation. Small intestinal ulcers are a serious adverse effect commonly occurring in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the influence of small intestinal ulcers on drug metabolism has not been established. This study examined the expressional changes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the liver using an indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcer rat model and in cultured cells. After the administration of indomethacin to rats, ulcers were observed in the small intestine and expression of CYP3A1, the major isoform of hepatic CYP, was significantly down-regulated in the liver, accompanied by increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, in the small intestine and the liver. The indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration, the increase in inflammatory mediators in the small intestine and the liver, and the down-regulation of CYP3A1 expression in the liver were inhibited by co-administration of ampicillin, an antibacterial agent. In the human hepatic HepG2 cell line, IL-1β, IL-6 and NOC-18, an NO donor, caused down-regulation of CYP3A4, the major isoform of human CYP3A. Thus, this study suggests that after indomethacin treatment small intestinal ulcers cause the down-regulation of CYP3A1 in the rat liver through an increase in ulcer-derived inflammatory mediators. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kawauchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakamura
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Sayo Horibe
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tanahashi
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shigeto Mizuno
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Endoscopy Department, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1, Otoda-cho, Ikoma, 630-0293, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hamaguchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Li J, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai X, Cong W, Feng W, Xu C, Deng Y, Wang Y, Skaar TC, Liang H, Liu Y. Identification of rifampin-regulated functional modules and related microRNAs in human hepatocytes based on the protein interaction network. BMC Genomics 2016; 17 Suppl 7:517. [PMID: 27557147 PMCID: PMC5001204 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In combination with gene expression profiles, the protein interaction network (PIN) constructs a dynamic network that includes multiple functional modules. Previous studies have demonstrated that rifampin can influence drug metabolism by regulating drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Rifampin induces gene expression, at least in part, by activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which induces gene expression; however, the impact of rifampin on global gene regulation has not been examined under the molecular network frameworks. METHODS In this study, we extracted rifampin-induced significant differentially expressed genes (SDG) based on the gene expression profile. By integrating the SDG and human protein interaction network (HPIN), we constructed the rifampin-regulated protein interaction network (RrPIN). Based on gene expression measurements, we extracted a subnetwork that showed enriched changes in molecular activity. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we identified the crucial rifampin-regulated biological pathways and associated genes. In addition, genes targeted by miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in the miRNA expression profile were extracted based on the miRNA-gene prediction tools. The miRNA-regulated PIN was further constructed using associated genes and miRNAs. For each miRNA, we further evaluated the potential impact by the gene interaction network using pathway analysis. RESULTS AND DISCCUSSION: We extracted the functional modules, which included 84 genes and 89 interactions, from the RrPIN, and identified 19 key rifampin-response genes that are associated with seven function pathways that include drug response and metabolism, and cancer pathways; many of the pathways were supported by previous studies. In addition, we identified that a set of 6 genes (CAV1, CREBBP, SMAD3, TRAF2, KBKG, and THBS1) functioning as gene hubs in the subnetworks that are regulated by rifampin. It is also suggested that 12 differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with 6 biological pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rifampin contributes to changes in the expression of genes by regulating key molecules in the protein interaction networks. This study offers valuable insights into rifampin-induced biological mechanisms at the level of miRNAs, genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.,Network Information Center, Qiqihar University, No.42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xuefeng Dai
- Network Information Center, Qiqihar University, No.42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Wang Cong
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Weixing Feng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Chengzhen Xu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Zhang G, Ou R, Li F, Wu J, Zheng L, Tong Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lu L. Regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters by Astragali radix decoction and its main bioactive compounds: Implication for clinical drug-drug interactions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:104-113. [PMID: 26805467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali radix ("Huang Qi" in Chinese, HQ) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine that possesses various biological functions. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), calycosin (CS), and formononetin (FMNT) are the three main bioactive compounds of HQ that are responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the effects of HQ, AS-IV, CS, and FMNT on major human drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, UGT1A, UGT1A6, SULT1A1, and SULT1A3, as well as efflux transporters (ETs), including P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, MRP1, and MRP3, by using HepG2 cell line. Results would provide beneficial information for the proper clinical application of HQ. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with HQ, AS-IV, CS, and FMNT for 96h. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. The protein and mRNA levels of DMEs and ETs were measured using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the control group, HQ considerably increased the expression levels of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, UGT1A, P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, and MRP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Inversely, HQ significantly decreased the protein levels of UGT1A6, SULT1A1, and MRP1. Exposure to AS-IV induced the protein levels of UGT1A, P-gp, MRP1, and MRP3, but produced inhibitory effects on CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and BCRP. The expression levels of CYP3A4, UGT1A, SULT1A1, P-gp, MRP2, and MRP3 were remarkably increased in the CS-treated cells, whereas the protein levels of SULT1A3 and BCRP were decreased. FMNT treatment induced the protein levels towards CYP3A4, CYP2B6, UGT1A, P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3, but inhibited the expression of CYP2E1, SULT1A1, and SULT1A3. CONCLUSIONS HQ and its main bioactive compounds, including AS-IV, CS, and FMNT significantly regulated the expression of the major DMEs and ETs. HQ produced stronger regulations (induction or inhibition) on DMEs and ETs than AS-IV, CS, or FMNT alone. The results indicate that potential drug-drug interactions might exist when the tested drugs, specifically HQ, are co-administered with other substrate drugs that are metabolized or transported via the studied DMEs or ETs. This study provides beneficial information for appropriate use of HQ for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Rilan Ou
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunli Tong
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Qian JQ, Sun P, Pan ZY, Fang ZZ. Annonaceous acetogenins reverses drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11934-11944. [PMID: 26617951 PMCID: PMC4637767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common tumor in worldwide and chemotherapy resistant is a severe obstacle in HCC treatment. Annonaceous acetogenins was a nature compound from Uvaria accuminata and it has show the anti-tumor proliferation activity in many types cancer. In this study, we showed that annonaceous acetogenins is correlated with the drug resistance reversal in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM cell lines. We found that cell apoptosis was improved and cell cycle was arrested, further, multidrug-resistance proteins such as MDR1, MRP1, Topo-IIα, GST-π, cyclin D1, Survivin and bcl-2 are down-regulated, however, intracellular Rh-123 and caspase-3/8 was up-regulated by Annonaceous acetogenins treatment. We also found that there was a decreased activity of NF-κB and Akt in Annonaceous acetogenins treatment groups. Therefore, we demonstrate that Akt/NF-κB pathway was involved in Annonaceous acetogenins reverses drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhan-Yu Pan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
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Martin LJ. Fucoxanthin and Its Metabolite Fucoxanthinol in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4784-98. [PMID: 26264004 PMCID: PMC4557004 DOI: 10.3390/md13084784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid present in the chloroplasts of brown seaweeds. When ingested, it is metabolized mainly to fucoxanthinol by digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. These compounds have been shown to have many beneficial health effects, including anti-mutagenic, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic actions. In every cancer tested, modulatory actions of fucoxanthinol on viability, cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis and members of the NF-κB pathway were more pronounced than that of fucoxanthin. Anti-proliferative and cancer preventing influences of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol are mediated through different signalling pathways, including the caspases, Bcl-2 proteins, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, AP-1, GADD45, and several other molecules that are involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis or inhibition of metastasis. In this review, we address the mechanisms of action of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol according to different types of cancers. Current findings suggest that these compounds could be effective for treatment and/or prevention of cancer development and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
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40
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Wang L, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Li S, Wang Y, Li L, Lei Z, Zhang Z. Fucoxanthin induces growth arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells by up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of mortalin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:877-84. [PMID: 25187415 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, has been reported to have anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells, human prostate cancer cells, human leukemia cells, and human epithelial cervical cancer cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of fucoxanthin against human bladder cancer T24 cell line. MTT analysis results showed that 5 and 10 μM fucoxanthin inhibited the proliferation of T24 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner accompanied by the growth arrest at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, which is mediated by the up-regulation of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory protein and the down-regulation of CDK-2, CDK-4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. In addition, 20 and 40 μM fucoxanthin induced apoptosis of T24 cells by the abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex and the reactivation of nuclear mutant-type p53, which also had tumor suppressor function as wild-type p53. All these results demonstrated that the anti-cancer activity of fucoxanthin on T24 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by up-regulation of p21 at low doses and apoptosis via decrease in the expression level of mortalin, which is a stress regulator and a member of heat shock protein 70, followed by up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yang Zeng
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ye Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xuansheng Hu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shuhong Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan Natural Product Industry of Tsukuba Co., Ltd, E-26, 1187-80 (Kenkyugakuen C43-3) East Hiratuka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0812, Japan
| | - Ling Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) inhibits pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation and protects against acetaminophen- and amiodarone-induced cytotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:57-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yang J, Pradhan RS, Rosen LS, Graham AM, Holen KD, Xiong H. Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of navitoclax (ABT-263), a dual inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL
, in patients with cancer. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:680-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Yang
- AbbVie Inc.; North Chicago IL USA
| | | | - L. S. Rosen
- UCLA Santa Monica Hematology-Oncology; Santa Monica CA USA
| | | | | | - H. Xiong
- AbbVie Inc.; North Chicago IL USA
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Kumar SR, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. Fucoxanthin: a marine carotenoid exerting anti-cancer effects by affecting multiple mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5130-47. [PMID: 24351910 PMCID: PMC3877908 DOI: 10.3390/md11125130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid exhibiting several health benefits. The anti-cancer effect of fucoxanthin and its deacetylated metabolite, fucoxanthinol, is well documented. In view of its potent anti-carcinogenic activity, the need to understand the underlying mechanisms has gained prominence. Towards achieving this goal, several researchers have carried out studies in various cell lines and in vivo and have deciphered that fucoxanthin exerts its anti-proliferative and cancer preventing influence via different molecules and pathways including the Bcl-2 proteins, MAPK, NFκB, Caspases, GADD45, and several other molecules that are involved in either cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or metastasis. Thus, in addition to decreasing the frequency of occurrence and growth of tumours, fucoxanthin has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Some studies show that this effect is selective, i.e., fucoxanthin has the capability to target cancer cells only, leaving normal physiological cells unaffected/less affected. Hence, fucoxanthin and its metabolites show great promise as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi Kumar
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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Al Bakheet SA, Attafi IM, Maayah ZH, Abd-Allah AR, Asiri YA, Korashy HM. Effect of long-term human exposure to environmental heavy metals on the expression of detoxification and DNA repair genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:226-232. [PMID: 23872045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of long-term environmental human exposure to three heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), on the expression of detoxifying, xenobiotic metabolizing, and DNA repair genes in Mahd Ad-Dahab city. The study groups consisted of 40 healthy male residents (heavy metal-exposed) and 20 healthy male from Riyadh city, 700 km away, and served as control group. The heavy metal-exposed group with high exposure to Pb, Cd, or Hg was divided into three subgroups Pb-, Cd-, and Hg-exposed groups, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of detoxifying, NQO1, HO-1, GSTA1, MT-1, and HSP70, were significantly decreased in all heavy metal-exposed group as compared to control group. This was accompanied with a proportional decrease in the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing gene, cytochrome P4501A1. On the other hand, the DNA repair gene OGG1 and the 8-OHdG level were dramatically inhibited in Cd-exposed group only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Al Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Adopted orphan nuclear receptor (NR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), plays a central role in the regulation of xeno- and endobiotic metabolism. Since the discovery of the functional role of PXR in 1998, there is evolving evidence for the role of PXR agonists in abrogating metabolic pathophysiology (e.g., cholestasis, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammation). However, more recently, it is clear that PXR is also an important mediator of adverse xeno- (e.g., enhances acetaminophen toxicity) and endobiotic (e.g., hepatic steatosis) metabolic phenotypes. Moreover, in cancer therapeutics, PXR activation can induce drug resistance, and there is growing evidence for tissue-specific enhancement of the malignant phenotype. Thus, in these instances, there may be a role for PXR antagonists. However, as opposed to the discovery efforts for PXR agonists, there are only a few antagonists described. The mode of action of these antagonists (e.g., sulforaphane) remains less clear. Our laboratory efforts have focused on this question. Since the original discovery of azoles analogs as PXR antagonists, we have preliminarily defined an important PXR antagonist pharmacophore and developed less-toxic PXR antagonists. In this review, we describe our published and unpublished findings on recent structure-function studies involving the azole chemical scaffold. Further work in the future is needed to fully define potent, more-selective PXR antagonists that may be useful in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Satomi Y, Nishino H. Inhibition of the enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2 and 3A4 by fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:860-864. [PMID: 24137426 PMCID: PMC3789093 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid that is mainly identified in brown algae and is known to have anticarcinogenic and anti-tumor activities. Carotenoids have generally been shown to induce the expression and enzyme activity of the cytochrome P450s (CYPs). The present study evaluated the effect of fucoxanthin on the expression and enzymatic activity of the major xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Fucoxanthin markedly induced the expression of cyp1a1 mRNA in HepG2 cells, but inhibited its enzyme activity in the cells and in vitro. Fucoxanthin also inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. These results suggest that fucoxanthin may serve as a useful agent in cancer prevention with less adverse effects than β-carotene, including the activation of pro-carcinogens by CYPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Satomi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
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Liu CL, Lim YP, Hu ML. Fucoxanthin enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via NFκB-mediated pathway and downregulates DNA repair gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:50-66. [PMID: 23299493 PMCID: PMC3564157 DOI: 10.3390/md11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplain, a platinum-containing anticancer drug, has been shown to enhance DNA repair and to inhibit cell apoptosis, leading to drug resistance. Thus, the combination of anticancer drugs with nutritional factors is a potential strategy for improving the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of a combination of fucoxanthin, the major non-provitamin A carotenoid found in Undaria Pinnatifida, and cisplatin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. We found that fucoxanthin (1–10 μΜ) pretreatment for 24 h followed by cisplatin (10 μΜ) for 24 h significantly decreased cell proliferation, as compared with cisplatin treatment alone. Mechanistically, we showed that fucoxanthin attenuated cisplatin-induced NFκB expression and enhanced the NFκB-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio. Cisplatin alone induced mRNA expression of excision repair cross complementation 1 (ERCC1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) through phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and PI3K/AKT pathways. However, fucoxanthin pretreatment significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced ERCC1 and TP mRNA expression, leading to improvement of chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. The results suggest that a combined treatment with fucoxanthin and cisplatin could lead to a potentially important new therapeutic strategy against human hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ling Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Emergency, Toxicology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Lin Hu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +886-4-2281-2363
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Farooqi AA, Butt G, Razzaq Z. Algae extracts and methyl jasmonate anti-cancer activities in prostate cancer: choreographers of 'the dance macabre'. Cancer Cell Int 2012. [PMID: 23181808 PMCID: PMC3575221 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an overwhelmingly increasing trend of analysis of naturally occurring ingredients in treatment of prostate cancer. Substantial fraction of information has been added that highlights activity at various levels and steps of deregulated cellular proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. Among such ingredients, algae extracts and jasmonates are documented to have anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo and induce growth inhibition in cancer cells, while leaving the non-transformed cells intact. In this short review we outline systematically, how these ingredients predispose prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory For Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, 35 Km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
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