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Zhang J, Mohd Said F, Daud NFS, Jing Z. Present status and application prospects of green chitin nanowhiskers: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134235. [PMID: 39079565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Petrochemical resources are non-renewable, which has impeded the development of synthetic polymers. The poor degradability of synthetic polymers poses substantial environmental pressure. Additionally, the high cost of synthetic biopolymers with excellent degradation performance limits their widespread application. Thus, it is crucial to seek green, sustainable, low-cost polymers as alternatives to petrochemical-based synthetic polymers and synthetic biopolymers. Chitin is a natural and renewable biopolymer discovered in crustacean shells, insect exoskeletons, and fungal cell walls. Chitin chains consist of crystalline and amorphous regions. Note that various treatments can be employed to remove the amorphous region, enhancing the crystallinity of chitin. Chitin nanowhiskers are a high crystallinity nanoscale chitin product with a high aspect ratio, a large surface area, adjustable surface morphology, and biocompatibility. They discover widespread applications in biomedicine, environmental treatment, food packaging, and biomaterials. Various methods can be utilized for preparing chitin nanowhiskers, including chemical, ionic liquids, deacetylation, and mechanical methods. However, developing an environmentally friendly preparation process remains a big challenge for expanding their applications in different materials and large-scale production. This article comprehensively analyzes chitin nanowhiskers' preparation strategies and their drawbacks. It also highlights the extensive application in different materials and various fields, besides the potential for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Said
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fathin Shamirah Daud
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Zhanxin Jing
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088 Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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2
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Giraldo JD, García Y, Vera M, Garrido-Miranda KA, Andrade-Acuña D, Marrugo KP, Rivas BL, Schoebitz M. Alternative processes to produce chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121924. [PMID: 38431399 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable recovery of chitin and its derivatives from shellfish waste will be achieved when the industrial production of these polymers is achieved with a high control of their molecular structure, low costs, and acceptable levels of pollution. Therefore, the conventional chemical method for obtaining these biopolymers needs to be replaced or optimized. The goal of the present review is to ascertain what alternative methods are viable for the industrial-scale production of chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Therefore, a detailed review of recent literature was undertaken, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The analysis of the existing data allows suggesting that combining conventional, biological, and alternative methods is the most efficient strategy to achieve sustainable production, preventing negative impacts and allowing for the recovery of high added-value compounds from shellfish waste. In conclusion, a new process for obtaining chitinous materials is suggested, with the potential of reducing the consumption of reagents, energy, and water by at least 1/10, 1/4, and 1/3 part with respect to the conventional process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Chile.
| | - Yadiris García
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Myleidi Vera
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karla A Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Daniela Andrade-Acuña
- Centro de Docencia Superior en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Los Pinos s/n. Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Kelly P Marrugo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
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Satchanska G, Davidova S, Petrov PD. Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1159. [PMID: 38675078 PMCID: PMC11055061 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic polymers are a versatile platform for developing biomaterials in the biomedical and environmental fields. Natural polymers are organic compounds that are found in nature. The most common natural polymers include polysaccharides, such as alginate, hyaluronic acid, and starch, proteins, e.g., collagen, silk, and fibrin, and bacterial polyesters. Natural polymers have already been applied in numerous sectors, such as carriers for drug delivery, tissue engineering, stem cell morphogenesis, wound healing, regenerative medicine, food packaging, etc. Various synthetic polymers, including poly(lactic acid), poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyethylene glycol, etc., are biocompatible and biodegradable; therefore, they are studied and applied in controlled drug release systems, nano-carriers, tissue engineering, dispersion of bacterial biofilms, gene delivery systems, bio-ink in 3D-printing, textiles in medicine, agriculture, heavy metals removal, and food packaging. In the following review, recent advancements in polymer chemistry, which enable the imparting of specific biomedical functions of polymers, will be discussed in detail, including antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. This work contains the authors' experimental contributions to biomedical and environmental polymer applications. This review is a vast overview of natural and synthetic polymers used in biomedical and environmental fields, polymer synthesis, and isolation methods, critically assessessing their advantages, limitations, and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Satchanska
- BioLaboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo Str. 21, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Slavena Davidova
- BioLaboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo Str. 21, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Petar D. Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Indrakumar J, Sankar S, Madhyastha H, Muthukaliannan GK. Progressive Application of Marine Biomaterials in Targeted Cancer Nanotherapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3337-3350. [PMID: 35466870 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220422091611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The marine microenvironment harbors many unique species of organisms that produce a plethora of compounds that help mankind cure a wide range of diseases. The diversity of products from the ocean bed serves as potentially healing materials and inert vehicles carrying the drug of interest to the target site. Several composites still lay undiscovered under the blue canopy, which can provide treatment for untreated diseases that keep haunting the earth periodically. Cancer is one such disease that has been of interest to several eminent scientists worldwide due to the heterogenic complexity involved in the disease's pathophysiology. Due to extensive globalization and environmental changes, cancer has become a lifestyle disease continuously increasing exponentially in the current decade. This ailment requires a definite remedy that treats by causing minimal damage to the body's normal cells. The application of nanotechnology in medicine has opened up new avenues of research in targeted therapeutics due to their highly malleable characteristics. Marine waters contain an immense ionic environment that succors the production of distinct nanomaterials with exceptional character, yielding highly flexible molecules to modify, thus facilitating the engineering of targeted biomolecules. This review provides a short insight into an array of marine biomolecules that can be probed into cancer nanotherapeutics sparing healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Indrakumar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srivarshini Sankar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardio-Vascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Ionogels Derived from Fluorinated Ionic Liquids to Enhance Aqueous Drug Solubility for Local Drug Administration. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090594. [PMID: 36135306 PMCID: PMC9498591 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a popular biopolymer for biomedical applications due to its harmless impact with a negligible inflammatory response in the host organism. Gelatin interacts with soluble molecules in aqueous media as ionic counterparts such as ionic liquids (ILs) to be used as cosolvents to generate the so-called Ionogels. The perfluorinated IL (FIL), 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium perfluorobutanesulfonate, has been selected as co-hydrosolvent for fish gelatin due to its low cytotoxicity and hydrophobicity aprotic polar structure to improve the drug aqueous solubility. A series of FIL/water emulsions with different FIL content and their corresponding shark gelatin/FIL Ionogel has been designed to enhance the drug solubility whilst retaining the mechanical structure and their nanostructure was probed by simultaneous SAXS/WAXS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, DSC and rheological experiments. Likewise, the FIL assisted the solubility of the antitumoural Doxorubicin whilst retaining the performing mechanical properties of the drug delivery system network for the drug storage as well as the local administration by a syringe. In addition, the different controlled release mechanisms of two different antitumoral such as Doxorubicin and Mithramycin from two different Ionogels formulations were compared to previous gelatin hydrogels which proved the key structure correlation required to attain specific therapeutic dosages.
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Tailoring physicochemical properties of collagen-based composites with ionic liquids and wool for advanced applications. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kuznik I, Kruppke I, Cherif C. Pure Chitosan-Based Fibers Manufactured by a Wet Spinning Lab-Scale Process Using Ionic Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030477. [PMID: 35160465 PMCID: PMC8840699 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids offer alternative methods for the sustainable processing of natural biopolymers like chitosan. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BmimOAc) was successfully used for manufacturing of pure chitosan-based monofilaments by a wet spinning process at lab-scale. Commercial chitosan with 90% deacetylation degree was used for the preparation of spinning dopes with solids content of 4–8 wt.%. Rheology tests were carried out for the characterization of the viscometric properties. BmimOAc was used as a solvent and deionized water as coagulation and washing medium. Optical (scanning electron microscope (SEM), light microscope) and textile physical tests were used for the evaluation of the morphological and mechanical characteristics. The manufactured chitosan monofilaments a homogeneous structure with a diameter of ~150 μm and ~30 tex yarn count. The mechanical tests show tensile strengths of 8 cN/tex at Young’s modulus up to 4.5 GPa. This work represents a principal study for the manufacturing of pure chitosan fibers from ionic liquids and provides basic knowledge for the development of a wet spinning process.
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Zheng W, Hao Y, Wang D, Huang H, Guo F, Sun Z, Shen P, Sui K, Yuan C, Zhou Q. Preparation of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded chitosan/fucoidan hydrogel and its potential application as an oral mucosa patch. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118493. [PMID: 34420748 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral inflammatory diseases (OIDs) are among the most common lesions in the oral cavity, affecting the quality of human life and even causing oral cancer. However, most of the current oral mucosa patches still have some limitations, particularly instant, poor mechanical strength and conformability, low adhesion to tissue, and foreign body sensation. Herein, triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-loaded chitosan/fucoidan (CF) composite hydrogels were prepared via chemical crosslinking. The macro/microscopic morphologies and (bio)physicochemical properties of composite hydrogels were investigated. Incorporating fucoidan in chitosan hydrogels greatly enhanced their swelling behavior, mechanical strength, and adhesion properties. Further, the addition of TA in CF hydrogels improved their elastic feature, inhibited inflammatory response, and promoted the formation of mature and well-organized collagen fibers. The developed composite hydrogels displayed not only good antibacterial properties but also good cytocompatibility and histocompatibility. Thus, the designed hydrogels allow the development of oral mucosa patches as a potential treatment for OIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hailin Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fangze Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhanyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Peili Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Kunyan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Changqing Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Cabrera-Barjas G, González C, Nesic A, Marrugo KP, Gómez O, Delattre C, Valdes O, Yin H, Bravo G, Cea J. Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:184. [PMID: 33810536 PMCID: PMC8065767 DOI: 10.3390/md19040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-chitin was isolated from marine waste, giant Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas, and further converted to nanofibers by use of a collider machine under acidic conditions (pH 3). The FTIR, TGA, and NMR analysis confirmed the efficient extraction of β-chitin. The SEM, TEM, and XRD characterization results verified that β-chitin crystalline structure were maintained after mechanical treatment. The mean particle size of β-chitin nanofibers was in the range between 10 and 15 nm, according to the TEM analysis. In addition, the β-chitin nanofibers were converted into films by the simple solvent-casting and drying process at 60 °C. The obtained films had high lightness, which was evidenced by the CIELAB color test. Moreover, the films showed the medium swelling degree (250-290%) in aqueous solutions of different pH and good mechanical resistance in the range between 4 and 17 MPa, depending on film thickness. The results obtained in this work show that marine waste can be efficiently converted to biomaterial by use of mild extractive conditions and simple mechanical treatment, offering great potential for the future development of sustainable multifunctional materials for various industrial applications such as food packaging, agriculture, and/or wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristian González
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4051381, Chile;
| | - Aleksandra Nesic
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
- Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica-Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kelly P. Marrugo
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
| | - Oscar Gómez
- Carbon and Catalysis Laboratory (CarboCat), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Auvergne INP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Institute Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oscar Valdes
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Gaston Bravo
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Juan Cea
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
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Amaral M, Pereiro AB, Gaspar MM, Reis CP. Recent advances in ionic liquids and nanotechnology for drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 16:63-80. [PMID: 33356551 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery and drug development, it is estimated that around 40% of commercialized and 90% of under-study drugs have inadequate pharmaceutical properties, severely impairing its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, there is a strong demand to find strategies to enhance the delivery of such drugs. Ionic liquids are a novel class of liquids composed of a combination of organic salts that are of particular interest alone or in combination with drug delivery systems. This review is focused on the recent efforts using ionic liquids in drug solubility, formulation and drug delivery with specific emphasis on nanotechnology. The latest developments using hybrid delivery systems obtained upon the combination of drug delivery systems and ionic liquids will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amaral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana B Pereiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-003, Portugal.,IBEB, Institute of Biophysics & Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
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Ma R, Wang B, Chua ET, Zhao X, Lu K, Ho SH, Shi X, Liu L, Xie Y, Lu Y, Chen J. Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Microalgae for Enhanced Co-Production of Multiple Compounds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090467. [PMID: 32948074 PMCID: PMC7551828 DOI: 10.3390/md18090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are regarded as potential feedstock because of their multiple valuable compounds, including lipids, pigments, carbohydrates, and proteins. Some of these compounds exhibit attractive bioactivities, such as carotenoids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, and peptides. However, the production cost of bioactive compounds is quite high, due to the low contents in marine microalgae. Comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for multiple compounds production instead of the sole product can be an efficient way to increase the economic feasibility of bioactive compounds production and improve the production efficiency. This paper discusses the metabolic network of marine microalgal compounds, and indicates their interaction in biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, potential applications of co-production of multiple compounds under various cultivation conditions by shifting metabolic flux are discussed, and cultivation strategies based on environmental and/or nutrient conditions are proposed to improve the co-production. Moreover, biorefinery techniques for the integral use of microalgal biomass are summarized. These techniques include the co-extraction of multiple bioactive compounds from marine microalgae by conventional methods, super/subcritical fluids, and ionic liquids, as well as direct utilization and biochemical or thermochemical conversion of microalgal residues. Overall, this review sheds light on the potential of the comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for improving bioeconomy in practical industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Elvis T. Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xurui Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kongyong Lu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinguo Shi
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
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