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Salas-González MD, Bermejo LM, González-Rodríguez LG, Lozano-Estevan MDC, Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM. Adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in Spanish schoolchildren and its association with insulin resistance: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1146580. [PMID: 37492132 PMCID: PMC10365640 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Being more active, being less sedentary, and sleeping enough are associated with adequate body weight and adiposity in children. However, few researchers have analyzed these different lifestyle behaviors and the adherence to 24 h movement guidelines with respect to insulin resistance (IR) at school age. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the association between the adherence to 24 h movement guidelines (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep) and IR in Spanish schoolchildren. Methods A cross-sectional study of 839 children (8-13 years, 51.1% girls) were studied. Anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle behavioral data were collected. IR was defined as HOMA-IR>3.16. Compliance with the 24 h movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 min/day of moderate and/or vigorous physical activity, < 120 min/day of screen time, and 9-11 h/day of sleep time. Associations between adherence to the 24 h movement guidelines and IR were performed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The IR in our sample was 5.0%, being higher in girls. Compliance with physical activity or screen time, but not with sleep recommendations, was associated with lower fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR values. A low adherence to 24 h movement guidelines was associated with a higher risk of IR (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.150 [1.089-4.247]), especially in girls (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.800 [1.180-6.645]). Conclusion Higher physical activity levels and lower screen times were associated with a lower risk of IR in schoolchildren, underlining the importance of adhering to as many healthy lifestyle recommendations as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Salas-González
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana G. González-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Salas-González MD, Lozano-Estevan MDC, Aparicio A, Bermejo LM, Loria-Kohen V, Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM. Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1181. [PMID: 36673935 PMCID: PMC9859171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breakfast has traditionally been considered one of the most important meals of the day; however, there is little evidence for the influence of breakfast quality and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to assess the quality of breakfast in a group of schoolchildren, and its association with IR. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 852 children (8−13 years) was carried out. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and anthropometric parameters were measured. A three-day dietary record was used to assess their diet and to calculate the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI). The sample was divided into tertiles according to the BQI (tertile 3: better breakfast quality). The homeostatic model was used to assess insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and IR was defined as HOMA-IR > 3.16. Results: The prevalence of IR was 5.2%. The mean BQI score was 4.50 ± 1.25, and boys had lower scores than girls. Children in the BQI tertile 3 had a better global diet quality. In boys, being in the BQI tertile 3 was associated with a lower risk of IR (OR [95% CI]: 0.10 [0.01−0.77], p < 0.05). Conclusions: A higher-quality breakfast was associated with better overall diet quality and a lower risk of IR, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Salas-González
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with Primary and Renal Hypertension. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:54-66. [PMID: 36169696 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is an increasing disease in children and the risk of endothelial damage and target organ damage increases in the presence of additional risk factors such as obesity. In our study, the effect of hypertension on early atherosclerotic changes and target organ damage in children was investigated. Twenty four-hour ambulatory pulse wave analysis was performed by oscillometric method in 71 children aged 8-18 years, 17 of whom were diagnosed with primary hypertension without obesity, 18 had both primary hypertension and obesity, and 16 had renal hypertension. Twenty healthy normotensive children were included as the control group. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and Left Ventricular Mass Index were measured. Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in the primary hypertension group compared to controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p = 0.009, respectively), cSBP was higher in the renal hypertension group than the control group (p = 0.018). There was no difference between the groups in terms of pulse wave analysis parameters, CIMT, or left ventricular mass index (p > 0.05). Pulse wave velocity was positively correlated with SBP, DBP, cSBP, cDBP (p < 0.001). Augmentation index was positively correlated with DBP and cDBP (p = 0.01, p = 0.002, respectively). Our findings show that high blood pressure is associated with arterial stiffness and target organ damage beginning in childhood. The detection of early atherosclerotic vascular changes using pulse wave analysis allows to take necessary precautions such as lifestyle changes to prevent target organ damage in hypertensive children.
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von Ah Morano AE, Torres W, Zancheti E, Wigna Pereira de Jesus A, Bexiga Urban J, Fernandes RA. Impact of Moderate-To-Vigorous Sports Participation Combined with Resistance Training on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Outcomes among Lean Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:444. [PMID: 36612768 PMCID: PMC9819514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the combined impact of being engaged in resistance training (RT) and meeting the physical activity guidelines through sports participation (SP) on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in lean adolescents. METHODS A longitudinal study, part of the ongoing study entitled "ABCD Growth Study" (Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth), assessed data from 64 adolescents (23 from the sport group, 11 from the sport + RT group, and 30 from the control group). Metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes were analyzed as dependent variables. For the independent variables, sports participation and resistance training were considered, and for the covariates, sex, chronological age, body weight, height, and somatic maturation. RESULTS After 12 months of follow-up, the RT + SP presented improvements in triglycerides (TG) and the SP presented a reduction in LDL-c, TG, and glucose when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Being engaged in RT and SP is a good strategy to improve health in eutrophic adolescents, with a great impact on TG from the lipid profile.
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Relationship of Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Sleep Time with Cardiovascular and Mtabolic Outcomes in Adolescents (A Pilot Study): ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:2293-2299. [PMID: 36125671 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Different behaviors are considered important factors that may influence a healthy lifestyle. Given this fact, we aim to analyze the relationship between moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep time, and sedentary time, with cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study, with 152 eutrophic and healthy adolescents. The behavioral variables were collected objectively and the arterial thickness was measured through ultrasound. Blood variables (LDL, TG, HDL, glucose, and insulin) were collected in a private laboratory. To analyze the data, the Student t test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the groups. All analyses adopted p < 0.05. RESULTS Girls who demonstrated better combined behaviors, presented significant results for TG (p = 0.045), BP (p = 0.016), and cardiovascular score (p = 0.049) when compared to their peers. Furthermore, the practice of physical activity combined with sufficient sleep time was associated with lower values of arterial thickening (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS In view of the results presented, it is possible to state that the aggregation of behaviors was more consistent in females and that the practice of physical activity and adequate sleep time can reflect on cardiovascular health.
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Low Occurrence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Swimming? Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Sports Participation in Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study (ABCD—Growth Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063694. [PMID: 35329389 PMCID: PMC8952247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to identify the association between the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MS) and sports participation in adolescents. The sample included 193 adolescents (11 to 17 years of age; 131 boys and 62 girls). For this cross-sectional study, participants were categorized into four groups: “no-sports”, “repetitive non-impact sports”, “high-impact sports”, and “odd-impact sports”. A questionnaire was used, which defined MS as pain or any musculoskeletal complaint that led to restriction of current normal activities. In the entire sample, 112 adolescents reported at least one episode of MS during the recording, representing 58% of the sample. Our findings highlight that adolescents regularly engaged in odd-impact sports, such as martial arts, report a higher occurrence of MS than swimmers and adolescents who do not participate in any physical activity.
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Torres W, de Moraes Chagas LG, Fernandes RA, Araujo MYC, Urban JB, Maillane-Vanegas S, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Anokye NK. Relationship between vigorous physical activity and health care costs among adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:141. [PMID: 35300655 PMCID: PMC8927523 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between physical activity and health care costs among adolescents is not yet clear in the literature. Objective To analyze the relationship between physical activity and annual health care costs among adolescents. Methods The present sample was composed of 85 adolescents of both sexes with ages ranging from 11 to 18 years (mean age 15.6 ± 2.1). Health care costs were self-reported every month for 12 months, and information on health care values was verified with local pharmacies, private health care plans, and the National Health Service. The time spent in different physical activity intensities was objectively measured by accelerometers. Confounding variables were: sex, age, somatic maturation, body fatness, blood pressure, and components of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Multivariate models were generated using generalized linear models with gamma distribution and a log-link function. Results The overall annual health care cost was US$ 733.60/ R$ 2,342.38 (medication: US$ 400.46 / R$ 1,278.66; primary and secondary care: US$ 333.14 / R$ 1,063.70). The time spent in vigorous physical activity (minutes/day) was negatively related to health care costs (r = -0.342 [95% CI: -0.537,—0.139]; β = -0.06 cents (95% CI: -0.089, -0.031). Conclusion Vigorous physical activity seems to be associated with lower health care costs among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wésley Torres
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gabriel de Moraes Chagas
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique Yndawe Castanho Araujo
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Bexiga Urban
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Camilo Turi-Lynch
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education & Exercise Science, Lander University, Greenwood, USA
| | - Jamile Sanches Codogno
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nana Kwame Anokye
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
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Souza MR, Neves MEA, Gorgulho BM, Souza AM, Nogueira PS, Ferreira MG, Rodrigues PRM. Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:107. [PMID: 34932697 PMCID: PMC8664063 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the results of the association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS The articles were searched in May 2020 from PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The review included observational studies conducted with adolescents (10-19 years old), which estimated the association of breakfast skipping with at least one outcome (markers of body adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipid and glucose levels). Regarding the risk of bias, the articles were evaluated using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank on bias risk and accuracy of observational studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grade rating. RESULTS A total of 43 articles involving 192,262 participants met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. The prevalence of breakfast skipping ranged from 0.7% to 94% and 60.5% of studies were classified with low risk of bias. The significant association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors was found in twenty-nine cross-sectional articles (n = 106,031) and four longitudinal articles (n = 5,162) for excess adiposity, in three articles (n = 8,511) for high total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and in three studies (n = 6,303) for high blood pressure levels. However, there was no significant association between breakfast skipping and glycemic profile. According to the Grade rating, all the associations had low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that breakfast skipping is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. However, considering the low quality of the evidence, the present results should be interpreted carefully. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of standardizing the definition of breakfast skipping and that more prospective studies are needed to determine how skipping breakfast can affect cardiometabolic risk factors in the long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielly Rodrigues Souza
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Morgana Egle Alves Neves
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Bartira Mendes Gorgulho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Amanda Moura Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Simone Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Assari S. Association Between Parental Educational Attainment and Children's Negative Urgency: Sex Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH 2021; 8:14-22. [PMID: 34604532 DOI: 10.34172/ijer.2021.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Negative urgency reflects a specific facet of impulsivity and correlates with a wide range of health-related risk behaviors, including, but not limited to, problematic substance use. Negative urgency is also shaped by family socioeconomic position (SEP), such as parental educational attainment (PEA). This study aimed to explore sex differences regarding protective effects of PEA on children's negative urgency in the US. Methods This cross-sectional study used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study data. Baseline ABCD data included 10,535 American children in the age range of 9-10 years old. The independent variable was PEA, treated as a 5-level categorical variable. The primary outcome was negative urgency measured by the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-SS). Mixed-effects regression models were applied for data analysis. Results In sex-stratified regression models, high PEA was predictive of lower levels of negative urgency in female but not male children. In the overall sample, sex showed a statistically significant interaction with PEA on children's negative urgency, indicating a stronger protective effect of high PEA for female compared to male children. Conclusion PEA was a more salient determinant of negative urgency in female children than male ones. Our results also showed that American boys tend to have high levels of negative urgency, which is a risk factor of drug use, at all parental education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Assari S, Boyce S, Jovanovic T. Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9-10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050411. [PMID: 34070074 PMCID: PMC8158143 DOI: 10.3390/children8050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9-10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. RESULTS In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children's working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = -0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = -0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children's working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. CONCLUSION While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children's list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-232-0445; Fax: +1-734-615-873
| | - Shanika Boyce
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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Siqueira de Andrade MI, Oliveira JS, Leal VS, Cabral PC, de Lira PIC. Independent predictors of insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents: Results of the study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents-Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246445. [PMID: 33561171 PMCID: PMC7872259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the current changes in dietary patterns and the increasing prevalence of excess weight throughout the world, several studies have reported insulin resistance, which is a key driver of many chronic diseases, to be an important public health problem in all age groups. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence and independent predictors of insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic, representative sample of Brazilian adolescents (n = 37,023) who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. Data were collected on demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics as well as antioxidant micronutrient intake (vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and selenium). Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and classified based on the 75th percentile of the sample distribution. Insulin resistance was detected in 27% of the adolescents and was more prevalent among those aged 12 to 14 years (PR: 1.26 [95%CI: 1.13;1.41]), those residing in the southern and south-eastern regions of the country (PR: 1.47 [95%CI: 1.27;1.70]), those who were physically inactive (PR: 1.12 [95%CI: 1.02;1.23]), and those did not consume alcohol (PR: 1.50 [95%CI: 1.13;1.99]). The prevalence of insulin resistance was 2.5-fold higher among individuals with severe obesity (PR: 2.49 [95%CI: 2.07;3.00]). Waist circumference indicative of cardiovascular risk and high serum triglyceride levels increased the likelihood of insulin resistance (PR: 1.37 [95%CI: 1.19;1.59] and 1.60 [95%CI: 1.45;1.78], respectively). The prevalence of the outcome was higher among adolescents in the lower quartiles of vitamin E intake (p<0.05). In the present study, the prevalence of insulin resistance was high among Brazilian adolescents and we identified sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary predictors of this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Souza Oliveira
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Núcleo de Nutrição, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sá Leal
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Núcleo de Nutrição, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Poliana Coelho Cabral
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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[Role of breakfast and its quality in the health of children and adolescents in Spain]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:396-409. [PMID: 33724048 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eating breakfast is a healthy habit that should be encouraged since childhood. When it provides nutritional quality, it is an important daily meal. The consumption of dairy products, cereals, and fruits at breakfast is associated with healthier dietary patterns, with a beneficial impact on the overall quality of the diet. In Spain, as in many other countries, the proportion of children who eat breakfast daily is very high, decreasing somewhat in adolescence. However, the quality of breakfast leaves room for improvement, with a low proportion of children/adolescents with high nutritional quality breakfasts. Children/adolescents who eat breakfast regularly have a higher intake of various nutrients (especially vitamins and minerals) than those who do not eat breakfast. Although the evidence is not entirely conclusive, numerous studies have shown various benefits when comparing the population that eats breakfast regularly versus those who do not, such as cardiometabolic risk parameters (obesity, diabetes, blood pressure and lipid profile) and cognitive functions. Breakfast should be included in healthy eating plans, since it allows incorporating foods that are difficult to consume in other meals and may contribute to reducing the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. In order to promote the intake of a healthy breakfast, it is essential to act on the sociodemographic and cultural factors that influence compliance and quality, such as age, nutritional education (mainly parents and children/adolescents, but also other family members, school mates, friends...), carrying it out as a family, adapting it to the tastes of each population and balancing quality and costs.
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Sex Differences in the Association between Household Income and Children's Executive Function. SEXES 2020; 1:19-31. [PMID: 33163684 DOI: 10.3390/sexes1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate sex differences in the boosting effects of household income on children's executive function in the US. This is a cross-sectional study using data from Wave 1 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Wave 1 ABCD included 8608 American children between ages 9 and 10 years old. The independent variable was household income. The primary outcome was executive function measured by the stop-signal task. Overall, high household income was associated with higher levels of executive function in the children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with household income on children's executive function, indicating a stronger effect of high household income for female compared to male children. Household income is a more salient determinant of executive function for female compared to male American children. Low-income female children remain at the highest risk regarding poor executive function.
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Souza Neto JMD, Costa FFD, Barbosa AO, Prazeres Filho A, Santos EVOD, Farias Júnior JCD. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SCREEN TIME, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND SLEEP IN ADOLESCENTS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 39:e2019138. [PMID: 32876311 PMCID: PMC7450688 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To verify the prevalence of sleep quality and duration and its association
with the level of physical activity, screen time and nutritional status in
adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 1,432 adolescents (53.1%, female), ten
to 14 years old (12.0±1.0 year) from public schools in Joao Pessoa,
Northeast Brazil. Physical activity (≥300 vs. <300 minutes/week), screen
time (≤2 vs. >2 h/day) and duration (<8 vs. ≥8 h/day) and perception
of sleep quality (negative vs. positive perception) were measured by
questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (low
weight / normal weight vs. overweight / obesity). Binary logistic regression
was used to analyze association between variables, considering different
aggregation of negative factors. Results: The prevalence of insufficient duration and negative perception of sleep
quality was 12.6% (95%CI 10.9-14.4) and 21.0% (95%CI 18.9-23.1),
respectively. There was a linear trend in the chance of the adolescents to
present insufficient duration of sleep as a result of simultaneous negative
factors (physical inactivity, excessive screen time, being overweight)
(OR=4.31; 95%CI 1.50-12.48). Conclusions: Adolescents exposed simultaneously to low levels of physical activity,
excessive screen time and overweight had a lower sleep duration.
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Torres W, Cayres-Santos SU, Urban JB, de Moraes-Chagas LG, Christofaro DGD, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA. Participation in Non-professional Sports and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Torres W, Cayres-Santos SU, Urban JB, de Moraes-Chagas LG, Christofaro DGD, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA. Participation in Non-professional Sports and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:787-795. [PMID: 32323117 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sports are an important way to improve health during adolescence. However, it is still unclear whether the association between sports, blood pressure, and metabolic profile could be affected by sex, biological maturation, and trunk fatness. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sports participation and the cluster of cardiovascular markers among adolescents of both sexes. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 285 adolescents aged from 11 to 17 years of age (202 boys and 83 girls). Cardiovascular variables were composed of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (RHR), and carotid (CIMT) and femoral (FIMT) intima-media thickness, which were used to calculate the CardiovascularZ score. Sports participation was assessed through a face-to-face interview. Age of peak height velocity (APHV) was used as a covariate. RESULTS Among girls, the group engaged in sports presented lower values of RHR (sport: - 0.344 [95% CI - 0.650 to - 0.037] versus non-sport: 0.540 [95% CI 0.125 to 0.954]) and CardiovascularZ score (sport: - 0.585 [95% CI - 1.329 to 0.159] versus non-sport: 0.879 [95% CI - 0.127 to 1.884]), explaining 12.2% and 6.1% of all variance, respectively. Among boys, the group engaged in sports presented lower values of DBP (sport: - 0.158 [95% CI - 0.335 to 0.018] versus non-sport: 0.160 [95% CI - 0.091 to 0.412]) and FIMT (sport: - 0.128 [95% CI - 0.300 to - 0.044] versus non-sport: 0.211 [95% CI - 0.032 to 0.454]), explaining 2.2% and 2.6% of all variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Adolescents engaged in sports presented healthier cardiovascular parameters, and sports participation seems to affect cardiovascular health differently in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wésley Torres
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil.
| | - Suziane Ungari Cayres-Santos
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Bexiga Urban
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel de Moraes-Chagas
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Camilo Turi-Lynch
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Jamile Sanches Codogno
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
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Torres W, Cayres-Santos SU, Urban JB, de Moraes-Chagas LG, Christofaro DGD, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA. Participation in Non-professional Sports and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Luiz-de-Marco R, Gobbo LA, Castoldi RC, Maillane-Vanegas S, da Silva Ventura Faustino-da-Silva Y, Exupério IN, Agostinete RR, Fernandes RA. Impact of changes in fat mass and lean soft tissue on bone mineral density accrual in adolescents engaged in different sports: ABCD Growth Study. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:22. [PMID: 32090287 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-0707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Body composition can have a significant impact on bone mineral density (BMD) in pediatric patients and may cause bone disease. This study demonstrated that lean soft tissue (LST) seems to have a greater impact on BMD gain in the lower limbs of adolescents. PURPOSE To analyze the impact of changes in lean soft tissue (LST) and fat mass on areal bone mineral density (BMD) accrual in the lower limbs among adolescents engaged in sports with different weight-bearing levels. METHODS Longitudinal (12 months: measurements at two time points). Adolescents of both sexes (n = 191; 62 girls [32.5%] and 129 boys [67.5%]) were divided into three groups: control group (n = 65), swimming group (n = 25), and weight-bearing sports group (n = 100). Absolute changes in LST (kg) and fat mass (kg) were the independent variables, while BMD accrual (left and right legs) was the dependent variable. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables in a multivariate model adjusted by sex, body weight, somatic maturation, serum osteocalcin, and baseline values of BMD of the lower limbs. RESULTS For the left leg, LST was positively related to areal BMD accrual in the control (β = 0.021 [95%CI: 0.001 to 0.042]) and weight-bearing sport groups (β = 0.051 [95%CI: 0.037 to 0.065]), but not among swimmers (β = 0.029 [95%CI: - 0.004 to 0.062]). For the right leg, LST was positively related to areal BMD accrual in the swimming group (β = 0.065 [95%CI: 0.031 to 0.100]) and weight-bearing sport groups (β = 0.048 [95%CI: 0.034 to 0.062]), but not in the control group (β = 0.014 [95%CI: - 0.002 to 0.030]). Fat mass was not significantly related to areal BMD in either leg. CONCLUSIONS Changes in LST were the most relevant determinant of BMD accrual in the lower limbs, mainly among adolescents engaged in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Luiz-de-Marco
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Robson Chacon Castoldi
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Yuri da Silva Ventura Faustino-da-Silva
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Neto Exupério
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Romulo A Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
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Assari S. Racial Variation in the Association between Positive Urgency and Body Mass Index among American Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:129-143. [PMID: 34308087 DOI: 10.22158/rhs.v5n3p129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Positive urgency reflects a specific facet of impulsivity and correlates with several health-related risk behaviors such as obesity, food addiction, and substance use. However, less is known about whether positive urgency is similarly or differently associated with high body mass index (BMI) across diverse racial groups. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate racial differences in the associations between positive urgency and BMI in 9-10-year-old children in the US. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study data. Participants were 11590 American children between ages 9 and 10 years old. The independent variable was positive urgency measured by the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-SS). The primary outcome was BMI. Race was the moderator. Demographic variables (age and sex) were covariates. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis to adjust for the nested nature of the ABCD data. We also used weights (propensity score) to generate nationally representative results. Results In the pooled sample, race showed a statistically significant interaction with positive urgency on children's BMI, indicating a stronger effect of positive urgency on BMI for White children, compared to African American children. Conclusion The association between positive urgency and BMI seems to be weaker in African American children than in White American children. The role of individual-level risk factors such as impulsive traits may be smaller for African American than White American children. Future research should study the role of obesogenic environments and other area -level indicators in altering the effects of individual-level risk factors on BMI and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Assari S. American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Children's Body Mass Index: Diminished Returns of Parental Education and Family Income. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:64-84. [PMID: 34308086 DOI: 10.22158/rhs.v5n1p64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with several health-related outcomes, such as obesity and body mass index (BMI). However, we do not know whether SES is associated differently with children's BMI from American Indian and Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (AIAN/NHPI) families when compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) families. Aim To compare AIAN/NHPI and NHW families for associations between parental education, family income, and children's BMI in the United States (U.S). Methods This cross-sectional investigation used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study data. Participants (n = 8580) included 63 AIAN/NHPI and 8517 NHW children between ages 9 and 10. The independent variables were parental education and family income. The primary outcome was BMI. Race was the moderator. Age, sex, and family structure were covariates. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. Results In the pooled sample, higher parental education and family income were associated with lower children's BMI. We found interactions between race and parental education and family income indicating weaker associations between parental education and family income and children's BMI in AIAN/NHPI families than in NHW families. Conclusion The salience of parental education and family income as social determinants of children's BMI is diminished for AIAN/NHPI families than NHW families. As a result, AIAN/NHPI children with high SES remain at risk for high BMI, while high-SES NHW children show the lowest BMI. Future research should test if obesogenic environments, food options, and physical activity-friendly neighborhoods can explain higher-than-expected BMI in high-SES AIAN/NHPI children. In other terms, more research is needed to understand if residential segregation, discrimination, and historical trauma explain the observed differences in the social patterning of childhood BMI in AIAN/NHPI and NHW communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Assari S, Islam S. Diminished Protective Effects of Household Income on Internalizing Symptoms among African American than European American Pre-Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, TRADE AND MARKETING MANAGEMENT 2020; 2:38-56. [PMID: 33241230 DOI: 10.22158/jetmm.v2n4p38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the differential role of race on the effect of household income on pre-adolescents' internalizing symptoms in a national sample of U.S. pre-adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Wave 1 ABCD data included 5,913 adolescents between ages 9 and 10 years old. The independent variable was household income. The primary outcome was internalizing symptoms measured by the teacher report of the Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) scale. RESULTS Overall, high household income was associated with lower levels of pre-adolescents internalizing symptoms. Race showed statistically significant interaction with household income on pre-adolescents' internalizing symptoms, controlling for all confounders, indicating weaker protective effect of high household income on internalizing symptoms for African American than European pre-adolescents. CONCLUSION High household income is a more salient protective factor against internalizing symptoms of socially privileged European American pre-adolescents than of historically marginalized African Americans pre-adolescents. Elimination of internalizing behavioral gaps across racial groups requires more than equalizing socioeconomic status. Future research should study the moderating role of institutional and structural racism experienced by African American families across all income levels. Such research may explain why pre-adolescent African Americans with high household income remain at high risk of internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sondos Islam
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Assari S. Sex Differences in the Association between Cortical Thickness and Children's Behavioral Inhibition. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR RESEARCH 2020; 2:49-64. [PMID: 33241229 DOI: 10.22158/jpbr.v2n2p49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate sex differences in the association between cortical thickness and behavioral inhibition of 9-10 years old American children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional investigation used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Baseline ABCD data of 10249 American children between ages 9 and 10 were analyzed. The independent variable was cortical thickness measured by structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, behavioral inhibition, was measured based on the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and behavioral approach system (BAS). Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status indicators, and intracranial volume were covariates. RESULTS In the overall sample, high cortical thickness was not associated with behavioral inhibition in children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with cortical thickness's effect on children's behavioral inhibition, net of all confounders. The interaction indicated a statistically stronger positive effect of high cortical thickness on male behavioral inhibition compared to female children. CONCLUSION Cortical thickness is a determinant of behavioral inhibition for male but not female American children. Male but not female children show better behavioral inhabitation at higher levels of cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Assari S. Racial Variation in the Association between Suicidal History and Positive and Negative Urgency among American Children. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE STUDIES 2020; 4:39-53. [PMID: 33163908 DOI: 10.22158/jecs.v4n4p39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive and negative urgency reflect specific facets of impulsivity and correlate with several health-related risk behaviors such as aggression, substance use, and suicide. Less is known about how positive and negative urgency are associated with suicidal behaviors of diverse racial groups. AIM To investigate racial differences in the positive associations between positive and negative urgency and suicide in children in US. MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal study used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Participants were 10535 American children between ages 9 and 10 years old who were followed for up to one year. The independent variable was suicide history. The primary outcomes were the positive and negative urgency measured by the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-SS). Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. RESULTS In the overall sample, suicidality was associated with positive and negative urgency in children. Race showed a statistically significant interaction with suicidality on children's positive and negative urgency, indicating stronger effects of suicidality on positive and negative urgency for White, compared to Black and Other/Mixed race children respectively. CONCLUSION The effects of positive and negative urgency for suicidality of American children depend on race. White American children show the strongest links between positive and negative urgency and risk of suicide, while the effects of positive and negative urgency on children suicide are weaker for Black and Other/Mixed race children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hestetun I, Svendsen MV, Oellingrath IM. Lifestyle, appearance satisfaction and depressive symptoms in 13-16 years old Norwegian adolescents - A cross-sectional study. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:482-489. [PMID: 31419392 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1653964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine gender-specific associations between multiple lifestyle-related risk factors, appearance satisfaction and depressive symptoms in a sample of Norwegian adolescents (13-16 years of age), and to study the role of appearance satisfaction as a possible confounder in the associations between lifestyle and depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from Ungdata, a cross-sectional national survey of adolescents in Norway. In total 4379 subjects were included in the study. We constructed a lifestyle risk index and used multiple logistic regressions to examine the associations between lifestyle-related risk factors, appearance satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Results: High screen time and use of alcohol were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among girls, while high screen time, tobacco and cannabis use were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among boys. An additive relationship was observed between the lifestyle risk index scores and the likelihood of depressive symptoms for both genders, the relationship being strongest among boys. Low appearance satisfaction was strongly associated with depressive symptoms, especially among boys, and identified as an important confounder in the associations between lifestyle and depressive symptoms, particularly among girls. Conclusions: High screen time was the most prevalent lifestyle risk behavior independently associated with depressive symptoms. Multiple lifestyle changes and improvement of appearance satisfaction should be included in measures targeting adolescents for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms. Future studies should elaborate on the gender differences in other adolescent age groups. Appearance satisfaction should be acknowledged as an important confounder in future studies of lifestyle and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg Hestetun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Martin V Svendsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Inger M Oellingrath
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health- and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway , Porsgrunn , Norway
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Exupério IN, Agostinete RR, Werneck AO, Maillane-Vanegas S, Luiz-de-Marco R, Mesquita EDL, Kemper HCG, Fernandes RA. Impact of Artistic Gymnastics on Bone Formation Marker, Density and Geometry in Female Adolescents: ABCD-Growth Study. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:75-82. [PMID: 31223603 PMCID: PMC6561856 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare bone density accrual and markers of bone geometry and formation between female adolescents engaged and not engaged in artistic gymnastics (AGs). Methods This was a 12-month longitudinal study involving 20 female adolescents, including 10 controls and 10 gymnasts (AGs) aged 11 to 16 years. At baseline, the gymnasts had a minimum of 12 months of practice, and the controls reported no participation in any organized sport. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the lower limbs, upper limbs, spine, and whole body. In addition, BMD and geometrical properties of the femur were assessed. As a bone formation marker, osteocalcin level was measured. Results Femoral aspects were increased in the gymnasts by 19% (P=0.009), 14% (P=0.047), and 10% (P=0.046) in the Ward's triangle, trochanter, and the overall bone, respectively, than in the control girls. Geometrical parameters, bone accrual, and osteocalcin levels were similar in both groups. The weekly training load explained 30.8% of all bone gains on the lower limbs and affected the density on parts of the femur. Conclusions The gymnasts, after a 12-month follow-up, demonstrated a higher BMD in the Ward's triangle and whole femur than the controls, as well as an improvement in femur density. These changes were mainly due to the weekly training load. Lastly, the gymnasts had significant bone accrual (after 12 months) in the upper limbs, lower limbs, and whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Neto Exupério
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Oliveira Werneck
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Luiz-de-Marco
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo D L Mesquita
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Han C G Kemper
- Department of Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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