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Akinyele O, Munir A, Johnson MA, Perez MS, Gao Y, Foley JR, Nwafor A, Wu Y, Murray-Stewart T, Casero RA, Bayir H, Kemaladewi DU. Impaired polyamine metabolism causes behavioral and neuroanatomical defects in a mouse model of Snyder-Robinson syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050639. [PMID: 38463005 PMCID: PMC11103582 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the SMS gene, which encodes spermine synthase, and aberrant polyamine metabolism. SRS is characterized by intellectual disability, thin habitus, seizure, low muscle tone/hypotonia and osteoporosis. Progress towards understanding and treating SRS requires a model that recapitulates human gene variants and disease presentations. Here, we evaluated molecular and neurological presentations in the G56S mouse model, which carries a missense mutation in the Sms gene. The lack of SMS protein in the G56S mice resulted in increased spermidine/spermine ratio, failure to thrive, short stature and reduced bone density. They showed impaired learning capacity, increased anxiety, reduced mobility and heightened fear responses, accompanied by reduced total and regional brain volumes. Furthermore, impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was evident in G56S cerebral cortex, G56S fibroblasts and Sms-null hippocampal cells, indicating that SMS may serve as a future therapeutic target. Collectively, our study establishes the suitability of the G56S mice as a preclinical model for SRS and provides a set of molecular and functional outcome measures that can be used to evaluate therapeutic interventions for SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Akinyele
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Anushe Munir
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Marie A. Johnson
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Megan S. Perez
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jackson R. Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ashley Nwafor
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Dwi U. Kemaladewi
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Liu J, Tian R, Sun C, Guo Y, Dong L, Li Y, Song X. Microbial metabolites are involved in tumorigenesis and development by regulating immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290414. [PMID: 38169949 PMCID: PMC10758836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is symbiotic with the host and can create a variety of metabolites. Under normal conditions, microbial metabolites can regulate host immune function and eliminate abnormal cells in a timely manner. However, when metabolite production is abnormal, the host immune system might be unable to identify and get rid of tumor cells at the early stage of carcinogenesis, which results in tumor development. The mechanisms by which intestinal microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial tryptophan catabolites (MTCs), polyamines (PAs), hydrogen sulfide, and secondary bile acids, are involved in tumorigenesis and development by regulating immune responses are summarized in this review. SCFAs and MTCs can prevent cancer by altering the expression of enzymes and epigenetic modifications in both immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells. MTCs can also stimulate immune cell receptors to inhibit the growth and metastasis of the host cancer. SCFAs, MTCs, bacterial hydrogen sulfide and secondary bile acids can control mucosal immunity to influence the occurrence and growth of tumors. Additionally, SCFAs, MTCs, PAs and bacterial hydrogen sulfide can also affect the anti-tumor immune response in tumor therapy by regulating the function of immune cells. Microbial metabolites have a good application prospect in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors, and our review provides a good basis for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruxian Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Caiyu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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3
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Göbel S, Jaén KE, Fernandes RP, Reiter M, Altomonte J, Reichl U, Genzel Y. Characterization of a quail suspension cell line for production of a fusogenic oncolytic virus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3335-3346. [PMID: 37584190 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient processes for the production of oncolytic viruses (OV) plays a crucial role regarding the clinical success of virotherapy. Although many different OV platforms are currently under investigation, manufacturing of such viruses still mainly relies on static adherent cell cultures, which bear many challenges, particularly for fusogenic OVs. Availability of GMP-compliant continuous cell lines is limited, further complicating the development of commercially viable products. BHK21, AGE1. CR and HEK293 cells were previously identified as possible cell substrates for the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based fusogenic OV, rVSV-NDV. Now, another promising cell substrate was identified, the CCX.E10 cell line, developed by Nuvonis Technologies. This suspension cell line is considered non-GMO as no foreign genes or viral sequences were used for its development. The CCX.E10 cells were thus thoroughly investigated as a potential candidate for OV production. Cell growth in the chemically defined medium in suspension resulted in concentrations up to 8.9 × 106 cells/mL with a doubling time of 26.6 h in batch mode. Cultivation and production of rVSV-NDV, was demonstrated successfully for various cultivation systems (ambr15, shake flask, stirred tank reactor, and orbitally shaken bioreactor) at vessel scales ranging from 15 mL to 10 L. High infectious virus titers of up to 4.2 × 108 TCID50 /mL were reached in orbitally shaken bioreactors and stirred tank reactors in batch mode, respectively. Our results suggest that CCX.E10 cells are a very promising option for industrial production of OVs, particularly for fusogenic VSV-based constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Göbel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karim E Jaén
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita P Fernandes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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Singh S, Barik D, Arukha AP, Prasad S, Mohapatra I, Singh A, Singh G. Small Molecule Targeting Immune Cells: A Novel Approach for Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2621. [PMID: 37892995 PMCID: PMC10604364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional and cancer immunotherapies encompass diverse strategies to address various cancer types and stages. However, combining these approaches often encounters limitations such as non-specific targeting, resistance development, and high toxicity, leading to suboptimal outcomes in many cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is orchestrated by intricate interactions between immune and non-immune cells dictating tumor progression. An innovative avenue in cancer therapy involves leveraging small molecules to influence a spectrum of resistant cell populations within the TME. Recent discoveries have unveiled a phenotypically diverse cohort of innate-like T (ILT) cells and tumor hybrid cells (HCs) exhibiting novel characteristics, including augmented proliferation, migration, resistance to exhaustion, evasion of immunosurveillance, reduced apoptosis, drug resistance, and heightened metastasis frequency. Leveraging small-molecule immunomodulators to target these immune players presents an exciting frontier in developing novel tumor immunotherapies. Moreover, combining small molecule modulators with immunotherapy can synergistically enhance the inhibitory impact on tumor progression by empowering the immune system to meticulously fine-tune responses within the TME, bolstering its capacity to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This review outlines strategies involving small molecules that modify immune cells within the TME, potentially revolutionizing therapeutic interventions and enhancing the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Xiao J, Chen X, Liu W, Qian W, Bulek K, Hong L, Miller-Little W, Li X, Liu C. TRAF4 is crucial for ST2+ memory Th2 cell expansion in IL-33-driven airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169736. [PMID: 37607012 PMCID: PMC10561728 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is an important regulator of type 2 responses in the airway; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we generated T cell-specific TRAF4-deficient (CD4-cre Traf4fl/fl) mice and investigated the role of TRAF4 in memory Th2 cells expressing IL-33 receptor (ST2, suppression of tumorigenicity 2) (ST2+ mTh2 cells) in IL-33-mediated type 2 airway inflammation. We found that in vitro-polarized TRAF4-deficient (CD4-cre Traf4fl/fl) ST2+ mTh2 cells exhibited decreased IL-33-induced proliferation as compared with TRAF4-sufficient (Traf4fl/fl) cells. Moreover, CD4-cre Traf4fl/fl mice showed less ST2+ mTh2 cell proliferation and eosinophilic infiltration in the lungs than Traf4fl/fl mice in the preclinical models of IL-33-mediated type 2 airway inflammation. Mechanistically, we discovered that TRAF4 was required for the activation of AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways as well as the expression of transcription factor Myc and nutrient transporters (Slc2a1, Slc7a1, and Slc7a5), signature genes involved in T cell growth and proliferation, in ST2+ mTh2 cells stimulated by IL-33. Taken together, the current study reveals a role of TRAF4 in ST2+ mTh2 cells in IL-33-mediated type 2 pulmonary inflammation, opening up avenues for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Xiao
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Qian
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lingzi Hong
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William Miller-Little
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Department of Pathology, and
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zeng J, Ye Z, Shi S, Liang Y, Meng Q, Zhang Q, Le AD. Targeted inhibition of eIF5A hpu suppresses tumor growth and polarization of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages in oral cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:579. [PMID: 37653021 PMCID: PMC10471704 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2) is overexpressed in many types of cancer, and spermidine-mediated eIF5A hypusination (eIF5Ahpu) appears to be essential to most of eIF5A's biological functions, including its important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties as well as immune cell functions. Here we investigated the role of eIF5Ahpu in the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs) and OSCC-induced polarization of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TCGA dataset analysis revealed an overall upregulation in the mRNA expression of eIF5A2 and several key enzymes involved in polyamine (PA) metabolism in HNSCC, which was confirmed by Western blot and IHC studies. Blocking eIF5Ahpu by GC-7 but not the upstream key enzyme activities of PA metabolism, remarkably inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of EMT- and CSC-related genes in OSCC cells. In addition, blocking eIF5Ahpu robustly inhibited OSCC-induced M2-like TAM polarization in vitro. More Importantly, blocking eIF5Ahpu dramatically retarded tumor growth and infiltration/polarization of M2-like TAM in a syngeneic orthotopic murine tongue SCC model. Thus, eIF5Ahpu plays dual functions in regulating tumor cell growth and polarization of M2-TAMs in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zeng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Shihong Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Bin-haiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, 523905, Dongguan, China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Wang N, Chai M, Zhu L, Liu J, Yu C, Huang X. Development and validation of polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1070953. [PMID: 37334367 PMCID: PMC10272553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polyamines metabolism is closely related to tumor development and progression, as well as tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we focused on exploring whether polyamines metabolism-associated genes would provide prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods The expression profile data of polyamines metabolism-associated genes were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Utilizing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, we created a risk score model according to polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures. Meanwhile, an independent cohort (GSE72094) was employed to validate this model. Through the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the independent prognostic factors were identified. Subsequently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect their expression in LUAD cells. By consensus clustering analysis, polyamines metabolism-associated subgroups were determined in LUAD patients, with differential gene expression, prognosis, and immune characteristics analyses explored. Results A total of 59 polyamines metabolism genes were collected for this study, of which 14 genes were identified for the construction of risk score model using LASSO method. High- and low- risk groups of LUAD patients in TCGA cohort were distinguished via this model, and high-risk group presented dismal clinical outcomes. The same prognostic prediction of this model had been also validated in GSE72094 cohort. Meanwhile, three independent prognostic factors (PSMC6, SMOX, SMS) were determined for constructing the nomogram, and they were all upregulated in LUAD cells. In addition, two distinct subgroups (C1 and C2) were identified in LUAD patients. Comparing the two subgroups, 291 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, mainly enriching in organelle fission, nuclear division, and cell cycle. Comparing to C1 subgroup, the patients in C2 subgroup had favorable clinical outcomes, increased immune cells infiltration, and effective immunotherapy response. Conclusion This study identified polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures for predicting the patients' survival, and they were also linked to immune cells infiltration and immunotherapy response in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyu Chai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingye Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Intervention Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zafar H, Saier MH. Understanding the Relationship of the Human Bacteriome with COVID-19 Severity and Recovery. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091213. [PMID: 37174613 PMCID: PMC10177376 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in 2019 in China and has resulted in millions of human morbidities and mortalities across the globe. Evidence has been provided that this novel virus originated in animals, mutated, and made the cross-species jump to humans. At the time of this communication, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may be on its way to an endemic form; however, the threat of the virus is more for susceptible (older and immunocompromised) people. The human body has millions of bacterial cells that influence health and disease. As a consequence, the bacteriomes in the human body substantially influence human health and disease. The bacteriomes in the body and the immune system seem to be in constant association during bacterial and viral infections. In this review, we identify various bacterial spp. In major bacteriomes (oral, nasal, lung, and gut) of the body in healthy humans and compare them with dysbiotic bacteriomes of COVID-19 patients. We try to identify key bacterial spp. That have a positive effect on the functionality of the immune system and human health. These select bacterial spp. Could be used as potential probiotics to counter or prevent COVID-19 infections. In addition, we try to identify key metabolites produced by probiotic bacterial spp. That could have potential anti-viral effects against SARS-CoV-2. These metabolites could be subject to future therapeutic trials to determine their anti-viral efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zafar
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milton H Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0116, USA
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Senekowitsch S, Wietkamp E, Grimm M, Schmelter F, Schick P, Kordowski A, Sina C, Otzen H, Weitschies W, Smollich M. High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081852. [PMID: 37111071 PMCID: PMC10143675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Spermidine is a biogenic polyamine that plays a crucial role in mammalian metabolism. As spermidine levels decline with age, spermidine supplementation is suggested to prevent or delay age-related diseases. However, valid pharmacokinetic data regarding spermidine remains lacking. Therefore, for the first time, the present study investigated the pharmacokinetics of oral spermidine supplementation. (2) Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded, two-armed crossover trial with two 5-day intervention phases separated by a washout phase of 9 days. In 12 healthy volunteers, 15 mg/d of spermidine was administered orally, and blood and saliva samples were taken. Spermidine, spermine, and putrescine were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The plasma metabolome was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. (3) Results: Compared with a placebo, spermidine supplementation significantly increased spermine levels in the plasma, but it did not affect spermidine or putrescine levels. No effect on salivary polyamine concentrations was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study's results suggest that dietary spermidine is presystemically converted into spermine, which then enters systemic circulation. Presumably, the in vitro and clinical effects of spermidine are at least in part attributable to its metabolite, spermine. It is rather unlikely that spermidine supplements with doses <15 mg/d exert any short-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Senekowitsch
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eliza Wietkamp
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmelter
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Kordowski
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans Otzen
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Smollich
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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10
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Niekamp P, Kim CH. Microbial Metabolite Dysbiosis and Colorectal Cancer. Gut Liver 2023; 17:190-203. [PMID: 36632785 PMCID: PMC10018301 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to continuously increase. Through research performed in the past decades, the effects of various environmental factors on CRC development have been well identified. Diet, the gut microbiota and their metabolites are key environmental factors that profoundly affect CRC development. Major microbial metabolites with a relevance for CRC prevention and pathogenesis include dietary fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, indole metabolites, polyamines, trimethylamine-N-oxide, formate, and hydrogen sulfide. These metabolites regulate various cell types in the intestine, leading to an altered intestinal barrier, immunity, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The physical, chemical, and metabolic properties of these metabolites along with their distinct functions to trigger host receptors appear to largely determine their effects in regulating CRC development. In this review, we will discuss the current advances in our understanding of the major CRC-regulating microbial metabolites, focusing on their production and interactive effects on immune responses and tumorigenesis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chang H. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Akinyele O, Munir A, Johnson MA, Perez MS, Gao Y, Foley JR, Wu Y, Murray-Stewart T, Casero RA, Bayir H, Kemaladewi DU. Impaired polyamine metabolism causes behavioral and neuroanatomical defects in a novel mouse model of Snyder-Robinson Syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.15.524155. [PMID: 36711956 PMCID: PMC9882240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.15.524155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential molecules for normal cellular functions and are subject to strict metabolic regulation. Mutations in the gene encoding spermine synthase (SMS) lead to accumulation of spermidine in an X-linked recessive disorder known as Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS). Presently, no treatments exist for this rare disease that manifests with a spectrum of symptoms including intellectual disability, developmental delay, thin habitus, and low muscle tone. The development of therapeutic interventions for SRS will require a suitable disease-specific animal model that recapitulates many of the abnormalities observed in patients. Here, we characterize the molecular, behavioral, and neuroanatomical features of a mouse model with a missense mutation in Sms gene that results in a glycine-to-serine substitution at position 56 (G56S) of the SMS protein. Mice harboring this mutation exhibit a complete loss of SMS protein and elevated spermidine/spermine ratio in skeletal muscles and the brain. In addition, the G56S mice demonstrate increased anxiety, impaired learning, and decreased explorative behavior in fear conditioning, Morris water maze, and open field tests, respectively. Furthermore, these mice failed to gain weight over time and exhibit abnormalities in brain structure and bone density. Transcriptomic analysis of the cerebral cortex revealed downregulation of genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ribosomal protein synthesis. Our findings also revealed impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in fibroblasts isolated from the G56S mice, indicating a correlation between these processes in the affected mice. Collectively, our findings establish the first in-depth characterization of an SRS preclinical mouse model that identifies cellular processes that could be targeted for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Akinyele
- Div. of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anushe Munir
- Div. of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Dept. of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Marie A. Johnson
- Div. of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Megan S. Perez
- Div. of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Dept. of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jackson R. Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yijen Wu
- Dept. of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Dwi U. Kemaladewi
- Div. of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Dept. of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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12
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Zhang L, Guo K, Tian Q, Ye J, Ding Z, Zhou Q, Li X, Zhou Z, Yang L. Serum Metabolomics Reveals a Potential Benefit of Methionine in Type 1 Diabetes Patients with Poor Glycemic Control and High Glycemic Variability. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030518. [PMID: 36771224 PMCID: PMC9921163 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability (GV) in some patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains heterogeneous despite comparable clinical indicators, and whether other factors are involved is yet unknown. Metabolites in the serum indicate a broad effect of GV on cellular metabolism and therefore are more likely to indicate metabolic dysregulation associated with T1D. To compare the metabolomic profiles between high GV (GV-H, coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose ≥ 36%) and low GV (GV-L, CV < 36%) groups and to identify potential GV biomarkers, metabolomics profiling was carried out on serum samples from 17 patients with high GV, 16 matched (for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting, and 2 h postprandial C-peptide) patients with low GV (exploratory set), and another 21 (GV-H/GV-L: 11/10) matched patients (validation set). Subsequently, 25 metabolites were significantly enriched in seven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways between the GV-H and GV-L groups in the exploratory set. Only the differences in spermidine, L-methionine, and trehalose remained significant after validation. The area under the curve of these three metabolites combined in distinguishing GV-H from GV-L was 0.952 and 0.918 in the exploratory and validation sets, respectively. L-methionine was significantly inversely related to HbA1c and glucose CV, while spermidine was significantly positively associated with glucose CV. Differences in trehalose were not as reliable as those in spermidine and L-methionine because of the relatively low amounts of trehalose and the inconsistent fold change sizes in the exploratory and validation sets. Our findings suggest that metabolomic disturbances may impact the GV of T1D. Additional in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies are required to elucidate the relationship between spermidine and L-methionine levels and GV in T1D patients with different geographical and nutritional backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-8529-2154
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13
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Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolites as Immune Modulators of T Helper 17 and Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021806. [PMID: 36675320 PMCID: PMC9867388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and its derived metabolites greatly impact the host immune system, both innate and adaptive responses. Gut dysbiosis and altered levels of microbiota-derived metabolites have been described in several immune-related and immune-mediated diseases such as intestinal bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, or colorectal cancer. Gut microbial-derived metabolites are synthesized from dietary compounds ingested by the host or host-produced metabolites, and additionally, some bacterial products can be synthesized de novo. In this review, we focus on the two first metabolites families including short-chain fatty acids, indole metabolites, polyamines, choline-derived compounds, and secondary bile acids. They all have been described as immunoregulatory molecules that specifically affect the adaptive immune system and T helper 17 and regulatory T cells. We discuss the mechanisms of action and the consequences in health and diseases related to these gut microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, we propose that the exogenous administration of these molecules or other compounds that bind to their immunoregulatory receptors in a homologous manner could be considered therapeutic approaches.
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14
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Li T, Han L, Ma S, Lin W, Ba X, Yan J, Huang Y, Tu S, Qin K. Interaction of gut microbiota with the tumor microenvironment: A new strategy for antitumor treatment and traditional Chinese medicine in colorectal cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1140325. [PMID: 36950522 PMCID: PMC10025541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1140325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Studies reported that changes in the composition of gut microbiota, such as increase in the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Helicobacter hepaticus, impair the immune surveillance by affecting the intestinal mucosal immunity and increase the risk of tumor initiation and progression. The tumor microenvironment is the soil for tumor survival. Close contacts between gut microbiota and the tumor microenvironment may directly affect the progression of tumors and efficacy of antitumor drugs, thus influencing the prognosis of patients with CRC. Recently, many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can safely and effectively improve the efficacy of antitumor drugs, potentially through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by regulated gut microbiota. This article describes the effect of gut microbiota on the tumor microenvironment and possible mechanisms concerning the initiation and progression of CRC, and summarizes the potential role of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Ma
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Qin,
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15
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Islam A, Shaukat Z, Hussain R, Gregory SL. One-Carbon and Polyamine Metabolism as Cancer Therapy Targets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121902. [PMID: 36551330 PMCID: PMC9775183 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming is essential for maintaining cancer cell survival and rapid replication. A common target of this metabolic reprogramming is one-carbon metabolism which is notable for its function in DNA synthesis, protein and DNA methylation, and antioxidant production. Polyamines are a key output of one-carbon metabolism with widespread effects on gene expression and signaling. As a result of these functions, one-carbon and polyamine metabolism have recently drawn a lot of interest for their part in cancer malignancy. Therapeutic inhibitors that target one-carbon and polyamine metabolism have thus been trialed as anticancer medications. The significance and future possibilities of one-carbon and polyamine metabolism as a target in cancer therapy are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Zeeshan Shaukat
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Stephen L. Gregory
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0466987583
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16
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Ayvazyan N, Ghukasyan G, Ghulikyan L, Kirakosyan G, Sevoyan G, Voskanyan A, Karabekyan Z. The Contribution of Phospholipase A 2 and Metalloproteinases to the Synergistic Action of Viper Venom on the Bioenergetic Profile of Vero Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110724. [PMID: 36355974 PMCID: PMC9695613 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of snake venoms. However, the complexity of animal venoms and the extreme synergy of the venom components during envenomation calls for critical review and analysis. The epithelium is a primary target for injected viper venom's toxic substances, and therefore, is a focus in modern toxinology. We used the Vero epithelial cell line as a model to compare the actions of a crude Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Levantine viper) venom with the actions of the same venom with two key enzymatic components inhibited (specifically, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and metalloproteinases) in the bioenergetic cellular response, i.e., oxygen uptake and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition to the rate of free-radical oxidation and lipid peroxidation, we measured real-time mitochondrial respiration (based on the oxygen consumption rate) and glycolysis (based on the extracellular acidification rate) using a Seahorse analyzer. Our data show that viper venom drives an increase in both glycolysis and respiration in Vero cells, while the blockage of PLA2 or/and metalloproteinases affects only the rates of the oxidative phosphorylation. PLA2-blocking in venom also increases cytotoxic activity and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. These data show that certain components of the venom may have a different effect within the venom cocktail other than the purified enzymes due to the synergy of the venom components.
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17
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Lian J, Liang Y, Zhang H, Lan M, Ye Z, Lin B, Qiu X, Zeng J. The role of polyamine metabolism in remodeling immune responses and blocking therapy within the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912279. [PMID: 36119047 PMCID: PMC9479087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of metabolism provides important information for understanding the biological basis of cancer cells and the defects of cancer treatment. Disorders of polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in cancer. With the deepening of understanding of polyamine metabolism, including molecular functions and changes in cancer, polyamine metabolism as a new anti-cancer strategy has become the focus of attention. There are many kinds of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and transport inhibitors, but not many drugs have been put into clinical application. Recent evidence shows that polyamine metabolism plays essential roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), particularly treatment of DFMO, an inhibitor of ODC, alters the immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor immunosuppression is a major problem in cancer treatment. More and more studies have shown that the immunosuppressive effect of polyamines can help cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumor development and progression. Therefore, targeting polyamine metabolic pathways is expected to become a new avenue for immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Minsheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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18
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Kulkarni A, Anderson CM, Mirmira RG, Tersey SA. Role of Polyamines and Hypusine in β Cells and Diabetes Pathogenesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:344. [PMID: 35448531 PMCID: PMC9028953 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyamines-putrescine, spermidine, and spermine-are polycationic, low molecular weight amines with cellular functions primarily related to mRNA translation and cell proliferation. Polyamines partly exert their effects via the hypusine pathway, wherein the polyamine spermidine provides the aminobutyl moiety to allow posttranslational modification of the translation factor eIF5A with the rare amino acid hypusine (hydroxy putrescine lysine). The "hypusinated" eIF5A (eIF5Ahyp) is considered to be the active form of the translation factor necessary for the translation of mRNAs associated with stress and inflammation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that activity of the polyamines-hypusine circuit in insulin-producing islet β cells contributes to diabetes pathogenesis under conditions of inflammation. Elevated levels of polyamines are reported in both exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas, which may contribute to endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and autophagy. In this review, we have summarized the existing research on polyamine-hypusine metabolism in the context of β-cell function and diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.K.); (C.M.A.); (R.G.M.)
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19
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Abstract
T lymphocytes (T cells) are divided into two functionally different subgroups the CD4+ T helper cells (Th) and the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Adequate CD4 and CD8 T cell activation to proliferation, clonal expansion and effector function is crucial for efficient clearance of infection by pathogens. Failure to do so may lead to T cell exhaustion. Upon activation by antigen presenting cells, T cells undergo metabolic reprograming that support effector functions. In this review we will discuss how metabolic reprograming dictates functionality during viral infections using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as examples. Moreover, we will briefly discuss T cell metabolic programs during bacterial infections exemplified by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Gladilina YA, Bey L, Hilal A, Neborak EV, Blinova VG, Zhdanov DD. Cytoprotective Activity of Polyamines Is Associated with the Alternative Splicing of RAD51A Pre-mRNA in Normal Human CD4 + T Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1863. [PMID: 35163785 PMCID: PMC8837172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological polyamines are ubiquitous polycations with pleiotropic biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation as well as modulation of cell signaling. They can also decrease DNA damage and promote cell survival. In the present study, we demonstrated that polyamines have cytoprotective effects on normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes but not on cancer Jurkat or K562 cells. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with polyamines resulted in a significant reduction in cells with DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, cisplatin, or irinotecan, leading to an increase in cell survival and viability. The induction of RAD51A expression was in response to DNA damage in both cancer and normal cells. However, in normal cells, putrescin pretreatment resulted in alternative splicing of RAD51A and the switch of the predominant expression from the splice variant with the deletion of exon 4 to the full-length variant. Induction of RAD51A alternative splicing by splice-switching oligonucleotides resulted in a decrease in DNA damage and cell protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The results of this study suggest that the cytoprotective activity of polyamines is associated with the alternative splicing of RAD51A pre-mRNA in normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes. The difference in the sensitivity of normal and cancer cells to polyamines may become the basis for the use of these compounds to protect normal lymphocytes during lymphoblastic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
| | - Lylia Bey
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.B.); (E.V.N.)
| | - Abdullah Hilal
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Neborak
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.B.); (E.V.N.)
| | - Varvara G. Blinova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.B.); (E.V.N.)
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21
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Kim JK, Park EJ, Jo EK. Itaconate, Arginine, and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: A Host Metabolite Triad Protective Against Mycobacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:832015. [PMID: 35185924 PMCID: PMC8855927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune metabolic regulation shapes the host-pathogen interaction during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the pathogen of human tuberculosis (TB). Several immunometabolites generated by metabolic remodeling in macrophages are implicated in innate immune protection against Mtb infection by fine-tuning defensive pathways. Itaconate, produced by the mitochondrial enzyme immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1), has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, restricting intracellular mycobacterial growth. L-arginine, a component of the urea cycle, is critical for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and is implicated in M1-mediated antimycobacterial responses in myeloid cells. L-citrulline, a by-product of NO production, contributes to host defense and generates L-arginine in myeloid cells. In arginase 1-expressing cells, L-arginine can be converted into ornithine, a polyamine precursor that enhances autophagy and antimicrobial protection against Mtb in Kupffer cells. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a metabolite and neurotransmitter, activate autophagy to induce antimycobacterial host defenses. This review discusses the recent updates of the functions of the three metabolites in host protection against mycobacterial infection. Understanding the mechanisms by which these metabolites promote host defense will facilitate the development of novel host-directed therapeutics against Mtb and drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun-Kyeong Jo,
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Physical Interaction between Embryonic Stem Cell-Expressed Ras (ERas) and Arginase-1 in Quiescent Hepatic Stellate Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030508. [PMID: 35159317 PMCID: PMC8834437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell-expressed Ras (ERas) is an atypical constitutively active member of the Ras family and controls distinct signaling pathways, which are critical, for instance, for the maintenance of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Unlike classical Ras paralogs, ERas has a unique N-terminal extension (Nex) with as yet unknown function. In this study, we employed affinity pull-down and quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analyses and identified 76 novel binding proteins for human and rat ERas Nex peptides, localized in different subcellular compartments and involved in various cellular processes. One of the identified Nex-binding proteins is the nonmitochondrial, cytosolic arginase 1 (ARG1), a key enzyme of the urea cycle and involved in the de novo synthesis of polyamines, such as spermidine and spermine. Here, we show, for the first time, a high-affinity interaction between ERas Nex and purified ARG1 as well as their subcellular colocalization. The inhibition of ARG1 activity strikingly accelerates the activation of HSCs ex vivo, suggesting a central role of ARG1 activity in the maintenance of HSC quiescence.
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A Compass to Guide Insights into T H17 Cellular Metabolism and Autoimmunity. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2022; 4:e220001. [PMID: 34900348 PMCID: PMC8654074 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T cells rapidly convert their cellular metabolic requirements upon activation, switching to a highly glycolytic program to satisfy their increasingly complex energy needs. Fundamental metabolic differences have been established for the development of Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells versus TH17 cells, alterations of which can drive disease. TH17 cell dysregulation is a driver of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation, contributing to pathogenesis in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. A recent paper published in Cell by Wagner, et al. combined scRNA-seq and metabolic mapping data to interrogate potential metabolic modulators of TH17 cell pathogenicity. This Compass to TH17 cell metabolism highlights the polyamine pathway as a critical regulator of TH17/Treg cell function, signifying its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Glyakina AV, Pavlov CD, Sopova JV, Gainetdinov RR, Leonova EI, Galzitskaya OV. Search for Structural Basis of Interactions of Biogenic Amines with Human TAAR1 and TAAR6 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010209. [PMID: 35008636 PMCID: PMC8745718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of ligand-receptor binding sites are important for drug development. Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs, members of the class A GPCR family) can interact with different biogenic amines and their metabolites, but the structural basis for their recognition by the TAARs is not well understood. In this work, we have revealed for the first time a group of conserved motifs (fingerprints) characterizing TAARs and studied the docking of aromatic (β-phenylethylamine, tyramine) and aliphatic (putrescine and cadaverine) ligands, including gamma-aminobutyric acid, with human TAAR1 and TAAR6 receptors. We have identified orthosteric binding sites for TAAR1 (Asp68, Asp102, Asp284) and TAAR6 (Asp78, Asp112, Asp202). By analyzing the binding results of 7500 structures, we determined that putrescine and cadaverine bind to TAAR1 at one site, Asp68 + Asp102, and to TAAR6 at two sites, Asp78 + Asp112 and Asp112 + Asp202. Tyramine binds to TAAR6 at the same two sites as putrescine and cadaverine and does not bind to TAAR1 at the selected Asp residues. β-Phenylethylamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid do not bind to the TAAR1 and TAAR6 receptors at the selected Asp residues. The search for ligands targeting allosteric and orthosteric sites of TAARs has excellent pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Glyakina
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Constantine D. Pavlov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (J.V.S.); (R.R.G.)
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (J.V.S.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (J.V.S.); (R.R.G.)
- Animal Genetic Technologies Department, University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.I.L.); (O.V.G.)
| | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.I.L.); (O.V.G.)
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25
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Arginine and Arginases Modulate Metabolism, Tumor Microenvironment and Prostate Cancer Progression. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124503. [PMID: 34960055 PMCID: PMC8704013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine availability and activation of arginine-related pathways at cancer sites have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment, far beyond their well-known role in the hepatic urea cycle. Arginine metabolism impacts not only malignant cells but also the surrounding immune cells behavior, modulating growth, survival, and immunosurveillance mechanisms, either through an arginase-mediated effect on polyamines and proline synthesis, or by the arginine/nitric oxide pathway in tumor cells, antitumor T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. This review presents evidence concerning the impact of arginine metabolism and arginase activity in the prostate cancer microenvironment, highlighting the recent advances in immunotherapy, which might be relevant for prostate cancer. Even though further research is required, arginine deprivation may represent a novel antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of arginine-dependent prostate cancer.
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26
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Li M, Chen J, Liu S, Sun X, Xu H, Gao Q, Chen X, Xi C, Huang D, Deng Y, Zhang F, Gao S, Qiu S, Tao X, Zhai J, Wei H, Yao H, Chen W. Spermine-Related DNA Hypermethylation and Elevated Expression of Genes for Collagen Formation are Susceptible Factors for Chemotherapy-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome in Chinese Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746910. [PMID: 34539419 PMCID: PMC8440935 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common capecitabine-based chemotherapy-related adverse event (CRAE) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). It is of great significance to comprehensively identify susceptible factors for HFS, and further to elucidate the biomolecular mechanism of HFS susceptibility. We performed an untargeted multi-omics analysis integrating DNA methylation, transcriptome, and metabolome data of 63 Chinese CRC patients who had complete CRAE records during capecitabine-based chemotherapy. We found that the metabolome changes for each of matched plasma, urine, and normal colorectal tissue (CRT) in relation to HFS were characterized by chronic tissue damage, which was indicated by reduced nucleotide salvage, elevated spermine level, and increased production of endogenous cytotoxic metabolites. HFS-related transcriptome changes of CRT showed an overall suppressed inflammation profile but increased M2 macrophage polarization. HFS-related DNA methylation of CRT presented gene-specific hypermethylation on genes mainly for collagen formation. The hypermethylation was accumulated in the opensea and shore regions, which elicited a positive effect on gene expression. Additionally, we developed and validated models combining relevant biomarkers showing reasonably good discrimination performance with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values from 0.833 to 0.955. Our results demonstrated that the multi-omics variations associated with a profibrotic phenotype were closely related to HFS susceptibility. HFS-related biomolecular variations in CRT contributed more to the relevant biomolecular mechanism of HFS than in plasma and urine. Spermine-related DNA hypermethylation and elevated expression of genes for collagen formation were closely associated with HFS susceptibility. These findings provided new insights into the susceptible factors for chemotherapy-induced HFS, which can promote the implementation of individualized treatment against HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqun Liu
- Department of Gastric Intestinal Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianmin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaowen Xi
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 905th Hospital of PLA Navy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Metabolomic Reprogramming of C57BL/6-Macrophages during Early Infection with L. amazonensis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136883. [PMID: 34206906 PMCID: PMC8267886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania survival inside macrophages depends on factors that lead to the immune response evasion during the infection. In this context, the metabolic scenario of the host cell-parasite relationship can be crucial to understanding how this parasite can survive inside host cells due to the host's metabolic pathways reprogramming. In this work, we aimed to analyze metabolic networks of bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis wild type (La-WT) or arginase knocked out (La-arg-), using the untargeted Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS) approach to assess metabolomic profile. Macrophages showed specific changes in metabolite abundance upon Leishmania infection, as well as in the absence of parasite-arginase. The absence of L. amazonensis-arginase promoted the regulation of both host and parasite urea cycle, glycine and serine metabolism, ammonia recycling, metabolism of arginine, proline, aspartate, glutamate, spermidine, spermine, methylhistidine, and glutathione metabolism. The increased L-arginine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, oxidized glutathione, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetylspermidine, trypanothione disulfide, and trypanothione levels were observed in La-WT-infected C57BL/6-macrophage compared to uninfected. The absence of parasite arginase increased L-arginine, argininic acid, and citrulline levels and reduced ornithine, putrescine, S-adenosylmethionine, glutamic acid, proline, N-glutamyl-alanine, glutamyl-arginine, trypanothione disulfide, and trypanothione when compared to La-WT infected macrophage. Moreover, the absence of parasite arginase leads to an increase in NO production levels and a higher infectivity rate at 4 h of infection. The data presented here show a host-dependent regulation of metabolomic profiles of C57BL/6 macrophages compared to the previously observed BALB/c macrophages infected with L. amazonensis, an important fact due to the dual and contrasting macrophage phenotypes of those mice. In addition, the Leishmania-arginase showed interference with the urea cycle, glycine, and glutathione metabolism during host-pathogen interactions.
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Ahluwalia B, Iribarren C, Magnusson MK, Sundin J, Clevers E, Savolainen O, Ross AB, Törnblom H, Simrén M, Öhman L. A Distinct Faecal Microbiota and Metabolite Profile Linked to Bowel Habits in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061459. [PMID: 34200772 PMCID: PMC8230381 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are suggested to have an altered intestinal microenvironment. We therefore aimed to determine the intestinal microenvironment profile, based on faecal microbiota and metabolites, and the potential link to symptoms in IBS patients. The faecal microbiota was evaluated by the GA-mapTM dysbiosis test, and tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used for faecal metabolomic profiling in patients with IBS and healthy subjects. Symptom severity was assessed using the IBS Severity Scoring System and anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A principal component analysis based on faecal microbiota (n = 54) and metabolites (n = 155) showed a clear separation between IBS patients (n = 40) and healthy subjects (n = 18). Metabolites were the main driver of this separation. Additionally, the intestinal microenvironment profile differed between IBS patients with constipation (n = 15) and diarrhoea (n = 11), while no clustering was detected in subgroups of patients according to symptom severity or anxiety. Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analysis predicted amino acid metabolism and several cellular and molecular functions to be altered in IBS patients. Patients with IBS have a distinct faecal microbiota and metabolite profile linked to bowel habits. Intestinal microenvironment profiling, based on faecal microbiota and metabolites, may be considered as a future non-invasive diagnostic tool, alongside providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Ahluwalia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
- Calmino Group AB, Research and Development, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Iribarren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Johanna Sundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Egbert Clevers
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
- GI Motility and Sensitivity Research Group, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (O.S.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Alastair B. Ross
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (O.S.); (A.B.R.)
- Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch, Lincoln 7674, New Zealand
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-786-6214
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29
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Sagar NA, Tarafdar S, Agarwal S, Tarafdar A, Sharma S. Polyamines: Functions, Metabolism, and Role in Human Disease Management. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34207607 PMCID: PMC8293435 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are the important polyamines (PAs), found in all living organisms. PAs are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids, and they facilitate cell growth and development via different cellular responses. PAs are the integrated part of the cellular and genetic metabolism and help in transcription, translation, signaling, and post-translational modifications. At the cellular level, PA concentration may influence the condition of various diseases in the body. For instance, a high PA level is detrimental to patients suffering from aging, cognitive impairment, and cancer. The levels of PAs decline with age in humans, which is associated with different health disorders. On the other hand, PAs reduce the risk of many cardiovascular diseases and increase longevity, when taken in an optimum quantity. Therefore, a controlled diet is an easy way to maintain the level of PAs in the body. Based on the nutritional intake of PAs, healthy cell functioning can be maintained. Moreover, several diseases can also be controlled to a higher extend via maintaining the metabolism of PAs. The present review discusses the types, important functions, and metabolism of PAs in humans. It also highlights the nutritional role of PAs in the prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
- Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnava Tarafdar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Surbhi Agarwal
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
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30
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Mantziari A, Mannila E, Collado MC, Salminen S, Gómez-Gallego C. Exogenous Polyamines Influence In Vitro Microbial Adhesion to Human Mucus According to the Age of Mucus Donor. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1239. [PMID: 34200306 PMCID: PMC8226599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to intestinal mucus is the first step for microbiota colonization in early life. Polyamines are polycations with important physiological functions in both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. However, their role in intestinal mucus adhesion is not known. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether exogenous polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and their combination) would alter the adhesive properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis Bb12, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Escherichia coli. Human intestinal mucus was isolated from healthy infants (0-6-month-old and 6-12-month-old) and healthy adults (25-52 years old). Spermidine significantly increased Bb12 adhesion (p < 0.05) in the mucus of infants (0-6 months) but reduced the adhesion of LGG in adult mucus (p < 0.05) with no significant effect in any of the infant groups. Spermine was more effective than polyamine combinations in reducing C. sakazakii (p < 0.05) adhesion in early infant mucus (0-6 months). The adhesion ability of E. coli remained unaffected by exogenous polyamines at any age in the concentrations tested. Our data suggest that polyamines may modulate the bacterial adhesion to mucus depending on the bacterial strain and depending at what age the mucus has been generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mantziari
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Enni Mannila
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (M.C.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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31
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Hanus M, Parada-Venegas D, Landskron G, Wielandt AM, Hurtado C, Alvarez K, Hermoso MA, López-Köstner F, De la Fuente M. Immune System, Microbiota, and Microbial Metabolites: The Unresolved Triad in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:612826. [PMID: 33841394 PMCID: PMC8033001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.612826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. As with other cancers, CRC is a multifactorial disease due to the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. Most cases are sporadic, but a small proportion is hereditary, estimated at around 5-10%. In both, the tumor interacts with heterogeneous cell populations, such as endothelial, stromal, and immune cells, secreting different signals (cytokines, chemokines or growth factors) to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. There is ample evidence that inflammatory processes have a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in CCR. Different profiles of cell activation of the tumor microenvironment can promote pro or anti-tumor pathways; hence they are studied as a key target for the control of cancer progression. Additionally, the intestinal mucosa is in close contact with a microorganism community, including bacteria, bacteriophages, viruses, archaea, and fungi composing the gut microbiota. Aberrant composition of this microbiota, together with alteration in the diet-derived microbial metabolites content (such as butyrate and polyamines) and environmental compounds has been related to CRC. Some bacteria, such as pks+ Escherichia coli or Fusobacterium nucleatum, are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis through different pathomechanisms including the induction of genetic mutations in epithelial cells and modulation of tumor microenvironment. Epithelial and immune cells from intestinal mucosa have Pattern-recognition receptors and G-protein coupled receptors (receptor of butyrate), suggesting that their activation can be regulated by intestinal microbiota and metabolites. In this review, we discuss how dynamics in the gut microbiota, their metabolites, and tumor microenvironment interplays in sporadic and hereditary CRC, modulating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hanus
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Parada-Venegas
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudia Hurtado
- Research Core, Academic Department, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin Alvarez
- Cancer Center, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Crowther RR, Qualls JE. Metabolic Regulation of Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Spotlight on L-Arginine and L-Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628432. [PMID: 33633745 PMCID: PMC7900187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite decades of research, there is still much to be uncovered regarding the immune response to Mtb infection. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on anti-Mtb immunity, with a spotlight on immune cell amino acid metabolism. Specifically, we discuss L-arginine and L-tryptophan, focusing on their requirements, regulatory roles, and potential use as adjunctive therapy in TB patients. By continuing to uncover the immune cell contribution during Mtb infection and how amino acid utilization regulates their functions, it is anticipated that novel host-directed therapies may be developed and/or refined, helping to eradicate TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Crowther
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Chronic stress decreases ornithine decarboxylase expression and protects against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9429-9439. [PMID: 33259012 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological response to stress depends on the type, timing, and severity of the stressor. Acute stressful environments may positively activate molecular and cellular mechanisms to favor adaptation; however, chronic stress is often associated with detrimental health effects. Colon cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of death associated with cancer and has been mentioned as a stress-related disease. In the present work, the effect of chronic stress on the initial phase of CC was evaluated, and special emphasis was placed on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) expression and polyamines for their role in hyperproliferative diseases. BALB/c mice (n = 5/group) were administered the pro-carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for 8 weeks (20 mg/kg body weight/week) to induce colon carcinogenesis, and then exposed for 4 weeks to two physical stressors: restraint and forced-swimming. Distal colon inflammatory lesions and histomorphological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining; plasma corticosterone levels, colon ODC expression, and urinary polyamines were determined by competitive ELISA, RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and HPLC, respectively. The short-term exposure to DMH triggered colon inflammation, initiated colon carcinogenesis and increased ODC expression; meanwhile, the exposure to chronic stress activated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, elicited the production of plasmatic corticosterone, and decreased ODC expression. The exposure of DMH-treated mice to chronic stress counteracted the inflammatory effect of DMH and maintained ODC homeostasis. In early phase of carcinogenesis, the exposure of DMH-treated mice to chronic stress had a positive effect against colon inflammation and maintained ODC homeostasis. The cross-talk between corticosterone, ODC expression, and inflammation in a tumor environment is discussed.
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Huang M, Zhang W, Chen H, Zeng J. Targeting Polyamine Metabolism for Control of Human Viral Diseases. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4335-4346. [PMID: 33293837 PMCID: PMC7718961 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s262024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A virus is an infectious particle which generally contains nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA inside a protein shell), except for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Viruses have to reproduce by infecting their host cells. Polyamines are ubiquitous compounds in mammalian cells and play key roles in various cellular processes. The metabolic pathways of polyamines have been well studied. Targeting these metabolic pathways can reduce infections caused by viruses. In the study, we systematically reviewed the association of polyamine metabolic pathways and viruses including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), enterovirus 71 (EV71), poliovirus (PV), Zika virus (ZKV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Ebola virus (EBOV), marburgvirus (MARV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), sindbis virus (SINV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Rabies virus (RABV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), La Crosse virus (LACV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2). This review revealed that targeting polyamine metabolic pathways may be a potential approach to control human viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong524023, People’s Republic of China
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Huang Z, Aweya JJ, Zhu C, Tran NT, Hong Y, Li S, Yao D, Zhang Y. Modulation of Crustacean Innate Immune Response by Amino Acids and Their Metabolites: Inferences From Other Species. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574721. [PMID: 33224140 PMCID: PMC7674553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture production of crustaceans (mainly shrimp and crabs) has expanded globally, but disease outbreaks and pathogenic infections have hampered production in the last two decades. As invertebrates, crustaceans lack an adaptive immune system and mainly defend and protect themselves using their innate immune system. The immune system derives energy and metabolites from nutrients, with amino acids constituting one such source. A growing number of studies have shown that amino acids and their metabolites are involved in the activation, synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells, as well as in the activation of immune related signaling pathways, reduction of inflammatory response and regulation of oxidative stress. Key enzymes in amino acid metabolism have also been implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Here, we reviewed the role played by amino acids and their metabolites in immune-modulation in crustaceans. Information is inferred from mammals and fish where none exists for crustaceans. Research themes are identified and the relevant research gaps highlighted for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yujian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (STU-UMT) Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Titz B, Szostak J, Sewer A, Phillips B, Nury C, Schneider T, Dijon S, Lavrynenko O, Elamin A, Guedj E, Tsin Wong E, Lebrun S, Vuillaume G, Kondylis A, Gubian S, Cano S, Leroy P, Keppler B, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Multi-omics systems toxicology study of mouse lung assessing the effects of aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products and cigarette smoke. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1056-1073. [PMID: 32419906 PMCID: PMC7218232 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics systems toxicology study, comprising five omics data modalities. Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Cigarettes smoke (CS) induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across molecular layers. Aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products had less impact on lungs than CS.
Cigarette smoke (CS) causes adverse health effects and, for smoker who do not quit, modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) can be an alternative to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Standard toxicological endpoints can lack sensitivity, with systems toxicology approaches yielding broader insights into toxicological mechanisms. In a 6-month systems toxicology study on ApoE−/− mice, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis to assess the effects of aerosols from the Carbon Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP) 1.2 and Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2—a potential and a candidate MRTP based on the heat-not-burn (HnB) principle—compared with CS at matched nicotine concentrations. Molecular exposure effects in the lungs were measured by mRNA/microRNA transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Integrative data analysis included Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Across all five data modalities, CS exposure was associated with an increased inflammatory and oxidative stress response, and lipid/surfactant alterations. Upon HnB aerosol exposure these effects were much more limited or absent, with reversal of CS-induced effects upon cessation and switching to CHTP 1.2. Functional network analysis revealed CS-induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across the investigated molecular layers (e.g., itaconate, quinolinate, and miR-146) and highlighted the engagement of the heme–Hmox–bilirubin oxidative stress axis by CS. This work exemplifies how multi-omics approaches can be leveraged within systems toxicology studies and the generated multi-omics data set can facilitate the development of analysis methods and can yield further insights into the effects of toxicological exposures on the lung of mice.
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Key Words
- CHTP, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Cigarette smoking
- Inhalation toxicology
- LC, liquid chromatography
- MOFA, Multi-Omics Factor Analysis
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Modified risk tobacco product (MRTP)
- Multi-omics
- PCSF, prize-collecting Steiner forest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Systems toxicology
- THS, Tobacco Heating System
- cMRTP, candidate modified risk tobacco product
- sGCCA, sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Vuillaume
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Gubian
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cano
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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37
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Nitrogen Metabolism in Cancer and Immunity. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:408-424. [PMID: 32302552 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the fundamental requirements for cell growth and proliferation, nitrogen acquisition and utilization must be tightly regulated. Nitrogen can be generated from amino acids (AAs) and utilized for biosynthetic processes through transamination and deamination reactions. Importantly, limitations of nitrogen availability in cells can disrupt the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and other important nitrogen-containing compounds. Rewiring cellular metabolism to support anabolic processes is a feature common to both cancer and proliferating immune cells. In this review, we discuss how nitrogen is utilized in biosynthetic pathways and highlight different metabolic and oncogenic programs that alter the flow of nitrogen to sustain biomass production and growth, an important emerging feature of cancer and immune cell proliferation.
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Glutamine Metabolism and Its Role in Immunity, a Comprehensive Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020326. [PMID: 32092847 PMCID: PMC7070879 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the body of an animal, glutamine is a plentiful and very useful amino acid. Glutamine consumption in the body of animals in normal or disease conditions is the same or higher than the glucose. Many in vivo as well as in vitro experiments have been conducted to evaluate the importance of glutamine. Glutamine is a valuable nutrient for the proliferation of the lymphocytes. It also plays a crucial role in the production of cytokines, macrophages, phagocytic, and neutrophil to kill the bacteria. Most of the metabolic organs like the liver, gut, and skeletal muscles control the circulation and availability secretion of glutamine. In catabolic and hypercatabolic conditions, glutamine can turn out to be essential and plays a vital role in metabolism; however, availability may be compromised due to the impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. This is why the supplementation of glutamine is commonly used in clinical nutrition and is especially recommended to immune-suppressed persons. Despite this, in catabolic and hyper-catabolic conditions, it is challenging due to the amino acid concentration in plasma/bloodstream and glutamine should be provided via either the oral, enteral or parenteral route. However, the effect of glutamine as an immune-based supplement has been previously recognized as many research studies conducted in vivo and in-vitro evaluated the beneficial effects of glutamine. Hence, the present study delivers a combined review of glutamine metabolism in essential organs of the cell immune system. In this review, we have also reviewed the metabolism and action of glutamine and crucial problems due to glutamine supplementation in catabolic conditions.
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Synthesis of homoagmatine and GC–MS analysis of tissue homoagmatine and agmatine: evidence that homoagmatine but not agmatine is a metabolite of pharmacological L-homoarginine in the anesthetized rat. Amino Acids 2019; 52:235-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Evaluation of polyamines as marker of melanoma cell proliferation and differentiation by an improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1623-1631. [PMID: 31617109 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation therapy is focused on the identification of new agents able to impair the proliferative and metastatic potential of cancer cells through the induction of differentiation. Although several markers of cell differentiation on tumor cells have been identified, their causal relationship with neoplastic competence has not been characterized in sufficient detail to propose their use as new pharmacological targets useful for the design of new differentiation agents. Polyamine level in cancer cells and in body fluids was proposed as potential marker of cell proliferation and differentiation. The main advantage of this marker is the possibility to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of new drugs able to induce cell differentiation and consequently to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The presented report shows a simply and highly reproducible reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives of polyamines: putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM). The novelty of this method is the fluorescence response for OPA-derivate of SPM, generally low in other procedures, that has been significantly improved by the use of a fully endcapped packing material with minimal silanol interactions. The limits of detection for PUT, CAD, SPD and SPM were 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.4 pmol/mL, respectively. The analysis time was ≤ 20 min, and the relative recovery rate was of about 97%. To verify the usefulness of this method, it has been validated in a murine melanoma cell line (B16-F10) treated with two theophylline derivatives (namely 8-chlorotheophylline and 8-bromotheophylline). These two compounds increased the activity of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) and the synthesis of melanin, two recognized markers of melanoma cell differentiation, and significantly reduced the levels of intracellular polyamines.
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41
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Beielstein AC, Pallasch CP. Tumor Metabolism as a Regulator of Tumor-Host Interactions in the B-Cell Lymphoma Microenvironment-Fueling Progression and Novel Brakes for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4158. [PMID: 31454887 PMCID: PMC6747254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metabolism and its specific alterations have become an integral part of understanding functional alterations leading to malignant transformation and maintaining cancer progression. Here, we review the metabolic changes in B-cell neoplasia, focusing on the effects of tumor metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Particularly, innate and adaptive immune responses are regulated by metabolites in the TME such as lactate. With steadily increasing therapeutic options implicating or utilizing the TME, it has become essential to address the metabolic alterations in B-cell malignancy for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss metabolic alterations of B-cell lymphoma, consequences for currently used therapy regimens, and novel approaches specifically targeting metabolism in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Beielstein
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Josef Stelzmann Street 24, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian P Pallasch
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Josef Stelzmann Street 24, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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42
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Zhang C, Aldrees M, Arif M, Li X, Mardinoglu A, Aziz MA. Elucidating the Reprograming of Colorectal Cancer Metabolism Using Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling. Front Oncol 2019; 9:681. [PMID: 31417867 PMCID: PMC6682621 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most incidental cancer worldwide, and the response rate of current treatment for colorectal cancer is very low. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are systems biology platforms, and they had been used to assist researchers in understanding the metabolic alterations in different types of cancer. Here, we reconstructed a generic colorectal cancer GEM by merging 374 personalized GEMs from the Human Pathology Atlas and used it as a platform for systematic investigation of the difference between tumor and normal samples. The reconstructed model revealed the metabolic reprogramming in glutathione as well as the arginine and proline metabolism in response to tumor occurrence. In addition, six genes including ODC1, SMS, SRM, RRM2, SMOX, and SAT1 associated with arginine and proline metabolism were found to be key players in this metabolic alteration. We also investigated these genes in independent colorectal cancer patients and cell lines and found that many of these genes showed elevated level in colorectal cancer and exhibited adverse effect in patients. Therefore, these genes could be promising therapeutic targets for treatment of a specific colon cancer patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Aldrees
- Department of Medical Genomics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Colorectal Cancer Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shen H, Shi LZ. Metabolic regulation of T H17 cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 109:81-87. [PMID: 30903829 PMCID: PMC7059830 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-17-producing TH17 cells have been associated with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis (Han et al., 2015), many of which lack effective therapies. Identifying effective approaches to selectively suppress TH17 cell development and function represents a legitimate strategy to cure these autoimmune disorders. TH17 cell differentiation requires rewiring of their metabolic program, transition from the oxidative phosphorylation-dominant catabolic phenotype in quiescent naïve T cells to glucose metabolism-orchestrated anabolic phenotype including lipogenesis. Here, we provide a focused review on the glycolytic-lipogenic pathway in TH17 development and pathogenicity. These studies reveal several metabolic checkpoints with specific regulation of TH17 cells (but not other T cell lineages), manifesting potential therapeutic opportunities to TH17 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States; Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States; Programs in Immunology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States.
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Metabolites Involved in Immune Evasion by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Include the Polyamine Spermidine. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00035-19. [PMID: 30833338 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00035-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians have been declining around the world for more than four decades. One recognized driver of these declines is the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes the disease chytridiomycosis. Amphibians have complex and varied immune defenses against B. dendrobatidis, but the fungus also has a number of counterdefenses. Previously, we identified two small molecules produced by the fungus that inhibit frog lymphocyte proliferation, methylthioadenosine (MTA) and kynurenine (KYN). Here, we report on the isolation and identification of the polyamine spermidine (SPD) as another significant immunomodulatory molecule produced by B. dendrobatidis SPD and its precursor, putrescine (PUT), are the major polyamines detected, and SPD is required for growth. The major pathway of biosynthesis is from ornithine through putrescine to spermidine. An alternative pathway from arginine to agmatine to putrescine appears to be absent. SPD is inhibitory at concentrations of ≥10 μM and is found at concentrations between 1 and 10 μM in active fungal supernatants. Although PUT is detected in the fungal supernatants, it is not inhibitory to lymphocytes even at concentrations as high as 100 μM. Two other related polyamines, norspermidine (NSP) and spermine (SPM), also inhibit amphibian lymphocyte proliferation, but a third polyamine, cadaverine (CAD), does not. A suboptimal (noninhibitory) concentration of MTA (10 μM), a by-product of spermidine synthesis, enhances the inhibition of SPD at 1 and 10 μM. We interpret these results to suggest that B. dendrobatidis produces an "armamentarium" of small molecules that, alone or in concert, may help it to evade clearance by the amphibian immune system.
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Rollison DE, Viarisio D, Amorrortu RP, Gheit T, Tommasino M. An Emerging Issue in Oncogenic Virology: the Role of Beta Human Papillomavirus Types in the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Virol 2019; 93:e01003-18. [PMID: 30700603 PMCID: PMC6430537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01003-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that beta human papillomaviruses (HPVs), together with ultraviolet radiation, contribute to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Beta HPVs appear to be not the main drivers of carcinogenesis but rather facilitators of the accumulation of ultraviolet-induced DNA mutations. Beta HPVs are promoters of skin carcinogenesis, although they are dispensable for the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Therefore, beta HPV represents a target for skin cancer prevention, especially in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Daniele Viarisio
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the metabolism and molecular functions of polyamines and their alterations in cancer have led to resurgence in the interest of targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy. Increasing knowledge of the interplay between polyamine metabolism and other cancer-driving pathways, including the PTEN-PI3K-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), WNT signalling and RAS pathways, suggests potential combination therapies that will have considerable clinical promise. Additionally, an expanding number of promising clinical trials with agents targeting polyamines for both therapy and prevention are ongoing. New insights into molecular mechanisms linking dysregulated polyamine catabolism and carcinogenesis suggest additional strategies that can be used for cancer prevention in at-risk individuals. In addition, polyamine blocking therapy, a strategy that combines the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with the simultaneous blockade of polyamine transport, can be more effective than therapies based on polyamine depletion alone and may involve an antitumour immune response. These findings open up new avenues of research into exploiting aberrant polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Casero
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony E Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Gerner EW, Bruckheimer E, Cohen A. Cancer pharmacoprevention: Targeting polyamine metabolism to manage risk factors for colon cancer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18770-18778. [PMID: 30355737 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.003343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a set of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. In certain cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene is altered in either germline or somatic cells and causes formation of risk factors, such as benign colonic or intestinal neoplasia, which can progress to invasive cancer. APC is a key component of the WNT pathway, contributing to normal GI tract development, and APC alteration results in dysregulation of the pathway for production of polyamines, which are ubiquitous cations essential for cell growth. Studies with mice have identified nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, as potent inhibitors of colon carcinogenesis. Moreover, gene expression profiling has uncovered that NSAIDs activate polyamine catabolism and export. Several DFMO-NSAID combination strategies are effective and safe methods for reducing risk factors in clinical trials with patients having genetic or sporadic risk of colon cancer. These strategies affect cancer stem cells, inflammation, immune surveillance, and the microbiome. Pharmacotherapies consisting of drug combinations targeting the polyamine pathway provide a complementary approach to surgery and cytotoxic cancer treatments for treating patients with cancer risk factors. In this Minireview, we discuss the role of polyamines in colon cancer and highlight the mechanisms of select pharmacoprevention agents to delay or prevent carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene W Gerner
- From Cancer Prevention Pharmaceuticals, Tucson, Arizona 85718 and .,the Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85711
| | | | - Alfred Cohen
- From Cancer Prevention Pharmaceuticals, Tucson, Arizona 85718 and
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48
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Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111564. [PMID: 30360490 PMCID: PMC6266414 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease, the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For instance, in vitro and in vivo studies have determined that glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytic plus secretory activities, and neutrophil bacterial killing. Glutamine release to the circulation and availability is mainly controlled by key metabolic organs, such as the gut, liver, and skeletal muscles. During catabolic/hypercatabolic situations glutamine can become essential for metabolic function, but its availability may be compromised due to the impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. For this reason, glutamine is currently part of clinical nutrition supplementation protocols and/or recommended for immune suppressed individuals. However, in a wide range of catabolic/hypercatabolic situations (e.g., ill/critically ill, post-trauma, sepsis, exhausted athletes), it is currently difficult to determine whether glutamine supplementation (oral/enteral or parenteral) should be recommended based on the amino acid plasma/bloodstream concentration (also known as glutaminemia). Although the beneficial immune-based effects of glutamine supplementation are already established, many questions and evidence for positive in vivo outcomes still remain to be presented. Therefore, this paper provides an integrated review of how glutamine metabolism in key organs is important to cells of the immune system. We also discuss glutamine metabolism and action, and important issues related to the effects of glutamine supplementation in catabolic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Cruzat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University, Melbourne 3065, Australia.
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil.
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
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49
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Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 30360490 DOI: 10.20944/preprints201809.0459.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease, the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For instance, in vitro and in vivo studies have determined that glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytic plus secretory activities, and neutrophil bacterial killing. Glutamine release to the circulation and availability is mainly controlled by key metabolic organs, such as the gut, liver, and skeletal muscles. During catabolic/hypercatabolic situations glutamine can become essential for metabolic function, but its availability may be compromised due to the impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. For this reason, glutamine is currently part of clinical nutrition supplementation protocols and/or recommended for immune suppressed individuals. However, in a wide range of catabolic/hypercatabolic situations (e.g., ill/critically ill, post-trauma, sepsis, exhausted athletes), it is currently difficult to determine whether glutamine supplementation (oral/enteral or parenteral) should be recommended based on the amino acid plasma/bloodstream concentration (also known as glutaminemia). Although the beneficial immune-based effects of glutamine supplementation are already established, many questions and evidence for positive in vivo outcomes still remain to be presented. Therefore, this paper provides an integrated review of how glutamine metabolism in key organs is important to cells of the immune system. We also discuss glutamine metabolism and action, and important issues related to the effects of glutamine supplementation in catabolic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Cruzat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. .,Faculty of Health, Torrens University, Melbourne 3065, Australia.
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil.
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
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50
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Abstract
Potassium channels that exhibit the property of inward rectification (Kir channels) are present in most cells. Cloning of the first Kir channel genes 25 years ago led to recognition that inward rectification is a consequence of voltage-dependent block by cytoplasmic polyamines, which are also ubiquitously present in animal cells. Upon cellular depolarization, these polycationic metabolites enter the Kir channel pore from the intracellular side, blocking the movement of K+ ions through the channel. As a consequence, high K+ conductance at rest can provide very stable negative resting potentials, but polyamine-mediated blockade at depolarized potentials ensures, for instance, the long plateau phase of the cardiac action potential, an essential feature for a stable cardiac rhythm. Despite much investigation of the polyamine block, where exactly polyamines get to within the Kir channel pore and how the steep voltage dependence arises remain unclear. This Minireview will summarize current understanding of the relevance and molecular mechanisms of polyamine block and offer some ideas to try to help resolve the fundamental issue of the voltage dependence of polyamine block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Nichols
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
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