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Babaei K, Azimi Nezhad M, Sedigh Ziabari SN, Mirzajani E, Mozdarani H, Sharami SH, Farzadi S, Mirhafez SR, Naghdipour Mirsadeghi M, Norollahi SE, Saadatian Z, Samadani AA. TLR signaling pathway and the effects of main immune cells and epigenetics factors on the diagnosis and treatment of infertility and sterility. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35345. [PMID: 39165943 PMCID: PMC11333914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), often known as spontaneous miscarriages occurring two or more times in a row, is a reproductive disease that affects certain couples. The cause of RPL is unknown in many cases, leading to difficulties in therapy and increased psychological suffering in couples. Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been identified as crucial regulators of inflammation in various human tissues. The occurrence of inflammation during parturition indicates that Toll-like receptor activity in tissues related to pregnancy may play a crucial role in the onset and continuation of normal function, as well as in various pregnancy complications like infection-related preterm. TLRs or their signaling molecules may serve as effective therapeutic targets for inhibiting premature activity. At the maternal-fetal interface, TLRs are found in both immune and non-immune cells, such as trophoblasts and decidual cells. TLR expression patterns are influenced by the phases of pregnancy. In this way, translational combinations like epigenetics, have indicated their impact on the TLRs.Importantly, abnormal DNA methylation patterns and histone alterations have an impressive performance in decreasing fertility by influencing gene expression and required molecular and cellular activities which are vital for a normal pregnancy and embryonic process. TLRs, play a central duty in the innate immune system and can regulate epigenetic elements by many different signaling pathways. The potential roles of TLRs in cells, epigenetics factors their ability to identify and react to infections, and their place in the innate immune system will all be covered in this narrative review essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Babaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi Nezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- UMR INSERM U 1122, IGE-PCV, Interactions Gène-Environment En Physiopathologie Cardiovascular Université De Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Seyedeh Nafise Sedigh Ziabari
- BSC of Midwifery, Reproductive Health Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hajar Sharami
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Farzadi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Misa Naghdipour Mirsadeghi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Issa NM, El-Neily DAM, El Tawab SS, El-Attar LM. The Prevalence Of Specific Gene Polymorphisms Related To Thrombophilia In Egyptian Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:73-80. [PMID: 34083996 PMCID: PMC8057147 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_24_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the enhanced progress in identifying a number of leading causes to fetal miscarriage, still some women suffer from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) for unknown cause. A hidden genetic influence of coexisting hereditary thrombophilia was assumed to have a role. Aim: The aim was to investigate the association between unexplained RPL and thrombophilic gene variants of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4646994) and β-fibrinogen (rs1800790) genes. Settings and Design: The present case–control study was conducted on unexplained RPL in eighty women and eighty matched controls with no history of previous pregnancy loss. Materials and Methods: Analysis of extracted DNA was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Statistical Analysis: The frequency of genotypes and alleles was compared between groups using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Risk assessment was made by odds ratio (OR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Women with RPL group had higher frequency of DD than controls (47.5%, 31.25%, respectively, P = 0.086). D allele frequency was 0.67 and 0.54 in the control (P = 0.022). D allele carriers were at higher risk of RPL than the control as OR was 1.694 at 95% CI from 1.08 to 2.67. There was no association between the rs1800790 variant of β-fibrinogen gene and RPL. Conclusion: Females who are carriers for D allele of ACE I/D gene polymorphism are more liable to suffer from RPL. Screening for hereditary thrombophilia in females who are planning to conceive and have a history of RPL of unidentified cause is of great value to provide proper management and genetic counseling to high-risk couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mahmoud Issa
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Moaty El-Neily
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sally S El Tawab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lama M El-Attar
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt
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Study of the Association Between microRNA (miR-25T>C, miR-32C>A, miR-125C>T, and miR-222G>T) Polymorphisms and the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Korean Women. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040354. [PMID: 32224893 PMCID: PMC7231175 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), which is defined as two pregnancy losses that occur before 20 weeks of gestation, is relatively common, occurring in approximately 1–5% of women. The underlying cause is often unclear, although numerous factors may contribute to RPL, including environmental and immunological factors, blood coagulation disorders, and genetics. In particular, single nucleotide variants have been associated with RPL, including those found in microRNAs (miRNAs). We investigated the association between four miRNA polymorphisms, miR-25T>C, miR-32C>A, miR-125aC>T, and miR-222G>T, and RPL in a cohort consisting of 361 RPL patients and 272 controls. Subjects were genotyped at miRNA loci by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, and genotype frequencies were calculated. We then performed allele and genotype combination analyses and measured the association between miRNA polymorphisms and clinical variables in both RPL patients and controls. We detected a statistically significant association between RPL and the miR-25T/miR-32C/miR-125aT/miR-222T allele combination (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 4.361; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.496–12.72; P = 0.003). Three-gene combinations, including miR-32C/miR-125aT/miR-222T (AOR, 3.085; 95% CI, 1.254–7.588; P = 0.010) and miR-25T/miR-125aT/miR-222T (AOR, 2.929; 95% CI, 1.183–7.257; P = 0.015), and the two-gene combination miR-125aT/miR-222T (AOR, 2.417; 95% CI, 1.084–5.386; P = 0.026) were also associated with RPL. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that platelet counts and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly different in RPL patients expressing different miR-125aC>T and miR-25T>C genotypes, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, creatinine levels were lower in RPL patients expressing the minor alleles miR-25T>C and miR-32C>A. We investigated miRNAs (miR-25, miR-32, miR-125a, miR-222) in RPL patients and healthy controls. Significantly different allele frequencies were detected by ANOVA. We suggest that miRNAs and clinical factors can impact RPL occurrence.
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Lee JY, Ahn EH, Kim JO, Park HS, Ryu CS, Kim JH, Kim YR, Lee WS, Kim NK. Associations between microRNA (miR-25, miR-32, miR-125, and miR-222) polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure in Korean women. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:68. [PMID: 31842980 PMCID: PMC6915893 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is the failure of embryos to implant more than two times in a given individual. There is debate about a precise definition for RIF, but we consider more than two implantation failures for individuals who undergo in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) to constitute RIF. There are many potential reasons for RIF, including embryonic factors, immunological factors, uterine factors, coagulate factors, and genetic factors. Genetic variation has been suggested as one of the contributing factors leading to RIF, and a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be associated with RIF. The recent elucidation of miRNA functions has provided new insight into the regulation of gene expression. Methods We investigated associations between polymorphisms in four miRNAs and RIF in 346 Korean women: 118 patients with RIF and 228 controls. We determined the genotypes of the miRNAs in the study participants by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. We analyzed the effects of genotypes, allele combinations, and environmental and clinical factors on the risk of RIF. Results The miR-25 T/miR-125aT/miR-222G (odds ratio (OR), 0.528; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.282–0.990; P = 0.044) and miR-25 T/miR-125aT allele combinations were associated with a reduced risk of RIF. The miR-25 T/miR-32C/miR-125aC/miR-222 T allele combination was associated with an increased risk of RIF. The miR-222GT+TT genotypes interacted with high prothrombin time (≥ 12 s) to increase the risk of RIF. Conclusions MicroRNA polymorphisms are significantly different between patients that experience RIF and healthy controls. Combinations of microRNA polymorphisms were associated with the risk of RIF. Interactions between environmental factors and genotypes increased the risk of RIF in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Han Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, 06135, South Korea.
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
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Moghbeli M. Genetics of recurrent pregnancy loss among Iranian population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e891. [PMID: 31364314 PMCID: PMC6732315 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most common reproductive disorders which is defined as the occurrence of recurrent miscarriage before 24 weeks of gestation and is observed among 1%–5% of women. Methods Various factors are associated with RPL such as immunological disorders, maternal age, obesity, alcohol, chromosomal abnormality, endocrine disorders, and uterine abnormalities. About half of the RPL cases are related with chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, RPL genetic tests are mainly limited to karyotyping. However, there is a significant proportion of RPL cases without any chromosomal abnormalities that can be related to the single‐gene aberrations. Therefore, it is required to prepare a diagnostic panel of genetic markers besides karyotyping. Results In the present review, we have summarized all the significant reported genes until now which are associated with RPL among Iranian women. We categorized all the reported genes based on their cellular and molecular functions in order to determine the molecular bases of RPL in this population. Conclusion This review paves the way of introducing a population‐based diagnostic panel of genetic markers for the first time among Iranian RPL cases. Moreover, this review clarifies the genetic and molecular bases of RPL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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