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Subaer S, Fansuri H, Haris A, Misdayanti M, Ramadhan I, Wibawa T, Putri Y, Ismayanti H, Setiawan A. Pervaporation Membranes for Seawater Desalination Based on Geo-rGO-TiO 2 Nanocomposites: Part 2-Membranes Performances. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1046. [PMID: 36363600 PMCID: PMC9695618 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This is part 2 of the research on pervaporation membranes for seawater desalination based on Geo-rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite. The quality of the Geo-rGO-TiO2 pervaporation membranes (PV), as well as the suitability of the built pervaporation system, is thoroughly discussed. The four membranes described in detail in the first article were tested for their capabilities using the parameters turbidity, salinity, total suspended solids (TSS), and electrical conductivity (EC). The membranes' flux permeate was measured as a function of temperature, and salt rejection was calculated using the electrical conductivity values of the feed and permeate. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to investigate changes in the chemical composition and internal structure of the membranes after use in pervaporation systems. The morphology of the membrane's surfaces was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental distribution was observed by using X-ray mapping and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the pervaporation membrane of Geo-rGO-TiO2 (1, 3) achieved a permeate flux as high as 2.29 kg/m2·h with a salt rejection of around 91%. The results of the FTIR and XRD measurements did not show any changes in the functional group and chemical compositions of the membrane after the pervaporation process took place. Long-term pressure and temperature feed cause significant cracking in geopolymer and Geo-TiO2 (3) membranes. SEM results revealed that the surface of all membranes is leached out, and elemental distribution based on X-ray mapping and EDS observations revealed the addition of Na+ ions on the membrane surface. The study's findings pave the way for more research and development of geopolymers as the basic material for inorganic membranes, particularly with the addition of rGO-TiO2 nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subaer Subaer
- Material Physics Laboratory, Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence on Green Materials & Technology (CeoGM-Tech), FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
| | - Hamzah Fansuri
- Chemistry Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Haris
- Material Physics Laboratory, Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence on Green Materials & Technology (CeoGM-Tech), FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
| | - Misdayanti Misdayanti
- Material Physics Laboratory, Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
| | - Imam Ramadhan
- Material Physics Laboratory, Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wibawa
- Material Physics Laboratory, Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
| | - Yulprista Putri
- Material Physics Laboratory, Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
| | - Harlyenda Ismayanti
- Material Physics Laboratory, Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar 90223, Indonesia
| | - Agung Setiawan
- Research Center for Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 820, Puspitek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
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