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Osredkar J, Vičič V, Hribar M, Benedik E, Siuka D, Jerin A, Čegovnik Primožič U, Fabjan T, Kumer K, Pravst I, Žmitek K. Seasonal variation of total and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in the healthy adult Slovenian population. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:13108. [PMID: 39323456 PMCID: PMC11422067 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the total 25(OH)D fraction, the bioavailable vitamin fraction, and the free vitamin D fraction in spring and fall in a group of healthy individuals. Methods: In our study, we collected blood samples from healthy participants at the end of both summer and winter, and measured serum levels of albumin, DBP, and 25(OH)D. Utilizing these data, we calculated the percentage of free and bioavailable vitamin D. Our cohort comprised 87 participants, with a male-to-female ratio of 14:73, aged 35.95 ± 12.55 years, ranging from 19 to 70 years. We employed the chemiluminescence method to determine the vitamin 25(OH)D levels, the ELISA method was utilized to determine DBP levels, the albumin BCP Assay was performed using the ADVIA biochemical analyzer (Siemens) and an online calculator was used to determine the free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels. Results: Our findings indicate significantly lower 25(OH)D levels in winter (44.13 ± 17.82 nmol/L) compared to summer (74.97 ± 22.75 nmol/L; p < 0.001). For vitamin D binding protein there was no significant difference from summer (236.2 ± 164.39 mg/L) to winter (239.86 ± 141.9 mg/L; p = 0.77), albumin levels were significantly higher in summer (49.37 ± 4.15 g/L vs. 47.97 ± 3.91 g/L, p = 0.01), but the magnitude of the change may not be large enough to be solely responsible for the stability of vitamin D levels throughout the year. In the winter season a significantly lower calculated bioavailable 25(OH)D vitamin (7.45 ± 5.66 nmol/L against 13.11 ± 8.27 nmol/L; p < 0.001) was observed, and the free fraction also showed a significant decrease (17.3 ± 12.9 pmol/L versus 29.7 ± 19.1 pmol/L; p < 0.0001). We observed a moderately positive correlation between 25(OH)D and bioavailable percentage in winter (r = 0.680; p < 0.001), in contrast with a lower positive association in summer (r = 0.343; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest a positive correlation between total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels. In addition to the statistically significant variation in 25(OH)D between the two observation periods, there was an additional variation in the free vitamin D percentage. The summertime synthesis of vitamin D in the skin could contribute directly to the free fraction of vitamin D. Standardizing the measurement of free 25(OH)D and clinical studies is necessary to establish reference values before these methods can be implemented in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Vičič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedicine in Healthcare, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Evgen Benedik
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, Group for Nutrition, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Siuka
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Jerin
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Čegovnik Primožič
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Teja Fabjan
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Kumer
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Katja Žmitek
- Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences (VIST), Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Slovenian Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Using Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245349. [PMID: 36558509 PMCID: PMC9784017 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to evaluate vitamin D status and its predictors in Slovenian premenopausal and postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 March 2021 and 31 May 2021. A total of 319 healthy women from the Central Slovenian region aged between 44 and 65 were recruited; 176 were included in the final analysis. The vitamin D status was determined by measuring the total 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) concentration, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and albumin and calculating the bioavailable 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D. For the calculation of bioavailable and free 25(OH)D, we developed a new online calculator. The Endocrine Society’s thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were used; 29.0% of premenopausal and 24.4% of postmenopausal subjects were found to be vitamin D deficient (total 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L); 76.8% of the premenopausal and 61.7% of postmenopausal subjects were found to have insufficient levels (total 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L). Premenopausal women had 11.8% lower total 25(OH)D, 32.2% lower bioavailable 25(OH)D, and 25.2% higher DBP than postmenopausal women. The most important predictors of vitamin D status were vitamin D supplementation and time spent in the sun. Contrary to similar studies, the vitamin D status in Slovenian postmenopausal women was significantly better than in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, the measurement of free or bioavailable 25(OH)D instead of the total 25(OH)D could be advantageous.
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Aloufi B, Hassanien NS. The Association of Menopausal Symptoms and Social Support Among Saudi Women at Primary Health Care Centers in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e26122. [PMID: 35875302 PMCID: PMC9298676 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Menopause is a challenging period for all women. The severity of menopausal symptoms hurts their quality of life and daily activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the severity of menopausal symptoms are associated with social support and lifestyle factors among Saudi women to help policymakers develop the appropriate intervention health program. Methods A cross-sectional study of 361 middle-aged Saudi women was conducted through interviews using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The menopause rating scale (MRS) was used to determine the severity of menopausal symptoms and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was used to assess perceived social support among females. Linear regression was conducted to assess the association between MRS scores and MSPSS scores after adjustment of covariates. Results The mean total menopause rating scale was 13.7 ± 8.3. Physical and mental exhaustion (80.3%), joint and muscular discomfort (79.2%), and irritability (75.9%) were the most prevalent menopausal symptoms for all women. The mean MSPSS was calculated as 4.3 ±1.8. Perceived social support and lifestyle factors were significant predictors of menopausal symptoms. Conclusions Postmenopausal Saudi women complain of a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. The current study shows that social support, quitting smoking, losing weight, and increasing physical exercise can help to alleviate or reduce many of the unpleasant symptoms of menopause. This evidence will help policymakers design health intervention for this age group.
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Tao Z, Li TL, Yang M, Xu HG. Silibinin Can Promote Bone Regeneration of Selenium Hydrogel by Reducing the Oxidative Stress Pathway in Ovariectomized Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:723-735. [PMID: 35048133 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-related bone defects are a major public health concern. Considering poor effects of a singular pharmacological treatment, many have sought combination therapies, including local treatment combined with systemic intervention. Based on recent evidence that selenium and silibinin increase bone formation and bone mineral density, it is hypothesized that systemic administration with silibinin plus local treatment with selenium may have an additive effect on bone regeneration in an OVX rat model with bone defects. To verify this hypothesis, 3-month-old ovariectomized Sprague- Dawley rats (n = 10/gp) were intraperitoneally with a dose of 50 mg/kg silibinin with selenium hydrogel scaffolds implanted into femoral metaphysis bone defect. Moreover, the MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with selenium and silibinin, and observed any change of cell viability, ROS, and osteogenic activity. Experiment results show that the cell mineralization and osteogenic activity of silibinin plus selenium (SSe) group is enormously higher than the control (Con) group and selenium (Se) group, while ROS appears to be immensely reduced. Osteogenic protein expressions such as SIRT1, SOD2, RUNX-2 and OC of SSe group are significantly higher than Con group and Se group. Micro-CT and Histological analysis evaluation display that group SSe, compared with Con group and Se group, presents the strongest effect on bone regeneration, bone mineralization and higher expression of SIRT1 and SOD2. RT-qPCR analysis indicates that SSe group manifests increased SIRT1, SOD1, SOD2 and CAT than the Con group and Se group (p < 0.05). Our current study demonstrates that systemic administration with SIL plus local treatment with Se is a scheme for rapid repair of femoral condylar defects, and these effects may be achieved via reducing the oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoushan Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, No. 2, Zhe Shan Xi Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian-Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, No. 2, Zhe Shan Xi Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, No. 2, Zhe Shan Xi Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, No. 2, Zhe Shan Xi Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Rivera-Paredez B, Hidalgo-Bravo A, León-Reyes G, Antuna-Puente B, Flores YN, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Association of GC Variants with Bone Mineral Density and Serum VDBP Concentrations in Mexican Population. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081176. [PMID: 34440350 PMCID: PMC8391993 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is encoded by the GC gene and is an active participant in the control of bone metabolism. However, the effect of its major variants on VDBP concentration and bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear. Our aim was to analyze the effect of major GC variants on serum VDBP concentration and BMD. We recruited individuals from the Health Workers Cohort Study, which includes employees of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). A total of 1853 adults were included. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7041 and rs4588 were genotyped to identify the three best characterized haplotypes of GC. Serum VBDP, 25(OH)D and BMD were also measured. Among women, the G allele of rs7041 was associated with higher VDBP and BMD compared to homozygous TT. The A allele of rs4588 was associated with lower VDBP and BMD compared to CC homozygous. In men, GC variants were only associated with VDBP levels. We did not observe an association between free/bioavailable 25(OH)D and BMD in men and women. Our results support an association of VDBP in bone health. The G and C alleles, from rs7041 and rs4588, respectively, are associated with high concentrations of VDBP and BMD in this sample of Mexican postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico 04510, Mexico; (B.R.-P.); (J.S.)
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Mexico 014389, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico 14610, Mexico;
| | - Bárbara Antuna-Puente
- Laboratory of Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico 14610, Mexico;
| | - Yvonne N. Flores
- Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Morelos Delegation, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62000, Mexico;
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Health Policy and Management and UCLA-Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico 04510, Mexico; (B.R.-P.); (J.S.)
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5350-1900; Fax: +52-(55)-5350-1999
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