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Yu Z, Shi D, Dong Y, Shao Y, Chen Z, Cheng F, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Tu J, Song X. Pyrococcus furiosus argonaute combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid, ultrasensitive, and visual detection of fowl adenovirus serotype 4. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103729. [PMID: 38676965 PMCID: PMC11066553 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, an outbreak of an infectious disease in broilers caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has occurred in China, resulting in substantial economic losses. Rapid, accurate, and specific detection are significant in the prevention and control of FAdV-4. In this study, an FAdV-4 detection method combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) was established. Specific primers, guide DNAs (gDNAs), and molecular beacons were designed to target a conserved region of the FAdV-4 hexon gene. After optimizing the reaction conditions, the minimum detection of this assay could reach 5 copies. It only amplified FAdV-4, and there was no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. The assay took about only 50 min, and the results could be visualized with the naked eye under ultraviolet or blue light, getting rid of specialized instruments. This novel LAMP-PfAgo assay was validated by using 20 clinical samples and the results were identical to gold-standard real-time polymerase chain reaction method. In summary, the LAMP-PfAgo assay established in the paper provides a rapid, reliable, convenient, ultra-sensitive and highly specific tool for the on-site detection and clinical diagnosis of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Yu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Daoming Shi
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Fanyu Cheng
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
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Wang J, Wang N, Xu L, Zeng X, Cheng J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yin D, Gou J, Pan X, Zhu X. High-Performance Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Milk Using Recombinase-Aided Amplification-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat-Cas13a-Lateral Flow Detection. Foods 2024; 13:1601. [PMID: 38890830 PMCID: PMC11171503 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the microorganism responsible for bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is transferred to people by the ingestion of unpasteurized milk and unprocessed fermented milk products obtained from animals with the infection. The identification of M. bovis in milk samples is of the utmost importance to successfully prevent zoonotic diseases and maintain food safety. This study presents a comprehensive description of a highly efficient molecular test utilizing recombinase-aided amplification (RPA)-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) 13a-lateral flow detection (LFD) for M. bovis detection. In contrast to ELISA, RPA-CRISPR-Cas13a-LFD exhibited greater accuracy and sensitivity in the detection of M. bovis in milk, presenting a detection limit of 2 × 100 copies/μL within a 2 h time frame. The two tests exhibited a moderate level of agreement, as shown by a kappa value of 0.452 (95%CI: 0.287-0.617, p < 0.001). RPA-CRISPR-Cas13a-LFD holds significant potential as a robust platform for pathogen detection in complex samples, thereby enabling the more dependable regulation of food safety examination, epidemiology research, and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Nan Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Junsheng Cheng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Dongdong Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiaojiao Gou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiaocheng Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China (Y.Z.)
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Lan H, Shu W, Jiang D, Yu L, Xu G. Cas-based bacterial detection: recent advances and perspectives. Analyst 2024; 149:1398-1415. [PMID: 38357966 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02120c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Persistent bacterial infections pose a formidable threat to global health, contributing to widespread challenges in areas such as food safety, medical hygiene, and animal husbandry. Addressing this peril demands the urgent implementation of swift and highly sensitive detection methodologies suitable for point-of-care testing and large-scale screening. These methodologies play a pivotal role in the identification of pathogenic bacteria, discerning drug-resistant strains, and managing and treating diseases. Fortunately, new technology, the CRISPR/Cas system, has emerged. The clustered regularly interspaced short joint repeats (CRISPR) system, which is part of bacterial adaptive immunity, has already played a huge role in the field of gene editing. It has been employed as a diagnostic tool for virus detection, featuring high sensitivity, specificity, and single-nucleotide resolution. When applied to bacterial detection, it also surpasses expectations. In this review, we summarise recent advances in the detection of bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) using the CRISPR/Cas system. We emphasize the significance and benefits of this methodology, showcasing the capability of diverse effector proteins to swiftly and precisely recognize bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, the CRISPR/Cas system exhibits promise in the identification of antibiotic-resistant strains. Nevertheless, this technology is not without challenges that need to be resolved. For example, CRISPR/Cas systems must overcome natural off-target effects and require high-quality nucleic acid samples to improve sensitivity and specificity. In addition, limited applicability due to the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) needs to be addressed to increase its versatility. Despite the challenges, we are optimistic about the future of bacterial detection using CRISPR/Cas. We have already highlighted its potential in medical microbiology. As research progresses, this technology will revolutionize the detection of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Lan
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Weitong Shu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Dan Jiang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Luxin Yu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Guangxian Xu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Zhu XX, Wang YS, Li SJ, Peng RQ, Wen X, Peng H, Shi QS, Zhou G, Xie XB, Wang J. Rapid detection of mexX in Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on CRISPR-Cas13a coupled with recombinase polymerase amplification. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341179. [PMID: 38357344 PMCID: PMC10864651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The principal pathogen responsible for chronic urinary tract infections, immunocompromised hosts, and cystic fibrosis patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is difficult to eradicate. Due to the extensive use of antibiotics, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has evolved, complicating clinical therapy. Therefore, a rapid and efficient approach for detecting P. aeruginosa strains and their resistance genes is necessary for early clinical diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This study combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-association protein 13a (CRISPR-Cas13a) to establish a one-tube and two-step reaction systems for detecting the mexX gene in P. aeruginosa. The test times for one-tube and two-step RPA-Cas13a methods were 5 and 40 min (including a 30 min RPA amplification reaction), respectively. Both methods outperform Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reactions (qRT-PCR) and traditional PCR. The limit of detection (LoD) of P. aeruginosa genome in one-tube and two-step RPA-Cas13a is 10 aM and 1 aM, respectively. Meanwhile, the designed primers have a high specificity for P. aeruginosa mexX gene. These two methods were also verified with actual samples isolated from industrial settings and demonstrated great accuracy. Furthermore, the results of the two-step RPA-Cas13a assay could also be visualized using a commercial lateral flow dipstick with a LoD of 10 fM, which is a useful adjunt to the gold-standard qRT-PCR assay in field detection. Taken together, the procedure developed in this study using RPA and CRISPR-Cas13a provides a simple and fast way for detecting resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Su-Juan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru-Qun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Flores-Contreras EA, Carrasco-González JA, Linhares DCL, Corzo CA, Campos-Villalobos JI, Henao-Díaz A, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, González-González RB, Parra-Saldívar R, González-González E. Emergent Molecular Techniques Applied to the Detection of Porcine Viruses. Vet Sci 2023; 10:609. [PMID: 37888561 PMCID: PMC10610968 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostic tests have evolved very rapidly in the field of human health, especially with the arrival of the recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the animal sector is constantly neglected, even though accurate detection by molecular tools could represent economic advantages by preventing the spread of viruses. In this regard, the swine industry is of great interest. The main viruses that affect the swine industry are described in this review, including African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine circovirus (PCV), which have been effectively detected by different molecular tools in recent times. Here, we describe the rationale of molecular techniques such as multiplex PCR, isothermal methods (LAMP, NASBA, RPA, and PSR) and novel methods such as CRISPR-Cas and microfluidics platforms. Successful molecular diagnostic developments are presented by highlighting their most important findings. Finally, we describe the barriers that hinder the large-scale development of affordable, accessible, rapid, and easy-to-use molecular diagnostic tests. The evolution of diagnostic techniques is critical to prevent the spread of viruses and the development of viral reservoirs in the swine industry that impact the possible development of future pandemics and the world economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda A. Flores-Contreras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA;
| | | | | | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Everardo González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
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Maity HK, Samanta K, Deb R, Gupta VK. Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Infection: Recent Insights and Its Significance in the Piggery Sector. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1308. [PMID: 37631876 PMCID: PMC10457769 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus (PCV), a member of the Circoviridae family within the genus Circovirus, poses a significant economic risk to the global swine industry. PCV2, which has nine identified genotypes (a-i), has emerged as the predominant genotype worldwide, particularly PCV2d. PCV2 has been commonly found in both domestic pigs and wild boars, and sporadically in non-porcine animals. The virus spreads among swine populations through horizontal and vertical transmission routes. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines for controlling porcine circovirus infections and associated diseases, the continuous genotypic shifts from a to b, and subsequently from b to d, have maintained PCV2 as a significant pathogen with substantial economic implications. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the biology, genetic variation, distribution, and preventive strategies concerning porcine circoviruses and their associated diseases in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Kumar Maity
- Department of Avian Science, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Kartik Samanta
- Department of Avian Science, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Deb
- ICAR-National Research Center on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-National Research Center on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India
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