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Iosa I, Agrimonti C, Marmiroli N. Real-Time PCR (qtPCR) to Discover the Fate of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Agricultural Soils. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1002. [PMID: 38792831 PMCID: PMC11124357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To optimize the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in field trials, tracking methods are needed to assess their shelf life and to determine the elements affecting their effectiveness and their interactions with plants and native soil microbiota. This work developed a real-time PCR (qtPCR) method which traces and quantifies bacteria when added as microbial consortia, including five PGPR species: Burkholderia ambifaria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rahnella aquatilis. Through a literature search and in silico sequence analyses, a set of primer pairs which selectively tag three bacterial species (B. ambifaria, B. amyloliquefaciens and R. aquatilis) was retrieved. The primers were used to trace these microbial species in a field trial in which the consortium was tested as a biostimulant on two wheat varieties, in combination with biochar and the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices. The qtPCR assay demonstrated that the targeted bacteria had colonized and grown into the soil, reaching a maximum of growth between 15 and 20 days after inoculum. The results also showed biochar had a positive effect on PGPR growth. In conclusion, qtPCR was once more an effective method to trace the fate of supplied bacterial species in the consortium when used as a cargo system for their delivery.
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Visca A, Di Gregorio L, Clagnan E, Bevivino A. Sustainable strategies: Nature-based solutions to tackle antibiotic resistance gene proliferation and improve agricultural productivity and soil quality. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118395. [PMID: 38307185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The issue of antibiotic resistance is now recognized by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the major problems in human health. Although its effects are evident in the healthcare settings, the root cause should be traced back to the One Health link, extending from animals to the environment. In fact, the use of organic fertilizers in agroecosystems represents one, if not the primary, cause of the introduction of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the soil. Since the concentrations of antibiotics introduced into the soil are residual, the agroecosystem has become a perfect environment for the selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The continuous influx of these emerging contaminants (i.e., antibiotics) into the agroecosystem results in the selection and accumulation of ARGs in soil bacteria, occasionally giving rise to multi-resistant bacteria. These bacteria may harbour ARGs related to various antibiotics on their plasmids. In this context, these bacteria can potentially enter the human sphere when individuals consume food from contaminated agroecosystems, leading to the acquisition of multi-resistant bacteria. Once introduced into the nosocomial environment, these bacteria pose a significant threat to human health. In this review, we analyse how the use of digestate as an organic fertilizer can mitigate the spread of ARGs in agroecosystems. Furthermore, we highlight how, according to European guidelines, digestate can be considered a Nature-Based Solution (NBS). This NBS not only has the ability to mitigate the spread of ARGs in agroecosystems but also offers the opportunity to further improve Microbial-Based Solutions (MBS), with the aim of enhancing soil quality and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visca
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luciana Di Gregorio
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bevivino
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
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Batool M, Carvalhais LC, Fu B, Schenk PM. Customized plant microbiome engineering for food security. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:482-494. [PMID: 37977879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiomes play a vital role in promoting plant growth and resilience to cope with environmental stresses. Plant microbiome engineering holds significant promise to increase crop yields, but there is uncertainty about how this can best be achieved. We propose a step-by-step approach involving customized direct and indirect methods to condition soils and to match plants and microbiomes. Although three approaches, namely the development of (i) 'plant- and microbe-friendly' soils, (ii) 'microbe-friendly' plants, and (iii) 'plant-friendly' microbiomes, have been successfully tested in isolation, we propose that the combination of all three may lead to a step-change towards higher and more stable crop yields. This review aims to provide knowledge, future directions, and practical guidance to achieve this goal via customized plant microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Batool
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lilia C Carvalhais
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brendan Fu
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Sustainable Solutions Hub, Global Sustainable Solutions Pty Ltd, Brisbane, QLD 4105, Australia.
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Caldara M, Gullì M, Graziano S, Riboni N, Maestri E, Mattarozzi M, Bianchi F, Careri M, Marmiroli N. Microbial consortia and biochar as sustainable biofertilisers: Analysis of their impact on wheat growth and production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170168. [PMID: 38244628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The European Union is among the top wheat producers in the world, but its productivity relies on adequate soil fertilisation. Biofertilisers, either alone or in combination with biochar, can be a preferable alternative to chemical fertilisers. However, the addition of biofertilisers, specifically plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM), could modify grain composition, and/or deteriorate the soil composition. In this study, the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar. An in-depth analysis was conducted by collecting physiological and agronomic data throughout the growth period. The effects of PGPM and biochar were investigated in detail; specifically, soil chemistry and rhizosphere microbial composition were characterized, along with the treatment effects on seed storage proteins. The results demonstrated that the addition of commercial microbial consortia and biochar, alone or in combination, did not modify the rhizospheric microbial community; however, it increased grain yield, especially in the cultivar Svevo (increase of 6.8 %-13.6 %), even though the factors driving the most variations were associated with both climate and cultivar. The total gluten content of the flours was not affected, whereas the main effect of the treatments was a variation in gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits in both cultivars when treated with PGPM and biochar. This suggested improved grain quality, especially regarding the viscoelastic properties of the dough, when the filling period occurred in a dry climate. The results indicate that the application of biofertilisers and biochar may aid the effective management of sustainable wheat cultivation, to support environmental health without altering the biodiversity of the resident microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Riboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center CIDEA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Zeng M, Sarker B, Rondthaler SN, Vu V, Andrews LB. Identifying LasR Quorum Sensors with Improved Signal Specificity by Mapping the Sequence-Function Landscape. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:568-589. [PMID: 38206199 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Programmable intercellular signaling using components of naturally occurring quorum sensing can allow for coordinated functions to be engineered in microbial consortia. LuxR-type transcriptional regulators are widely used for this purpose and are activated by homoserine lactone (HSL) signals. However, they often suffer from imperfect molecular discrimination of structurally similar HSLs, causing misregulation within engineered consortia containing multiple HSL signals. Here, we studied one such example, the regulator LasR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We elucidated its sequence-function relationship for ligand specificity using targeted protein engineering and multiplexed high-throughput biosensor screening. A pooled combinatorial saturation mutagenesis library (9,486 LasR DNA sequences) was created by mutating six residues in LasR's β5 sheet with single, double, or triple amino acid substitutions. Sort-seq assays were performed in parallel using cognate and noncognate HSLs to quantify each corresponding sensor's response to each HSL signal, which identified hundreds of highly specific variants. Sensor variants identified were individually assayed and exhibited up to 60.6-fold (p = 0.0013) improved relative activation by the cognate signal compared to the wildtype. Interestingly, we uncovered prevalent mutational epistasis and previously unidentified residues contributing to signal specificity. The resulting sensors with negligible signal crosstalk could be broadly applied to engineer bacteria consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Biprodev Sarker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Stephen N Rondthaler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Vanessa Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lauren B Andrews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Świątczak J, Kalwasińska A, Brzezinska MS. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Peribacillus frigoritolerans 2RO30 and Pseudomonas sivasensis 2RO45 for their effect on canola growth under controlled as well as natural conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1233237. [PMID: 38259930 PMCID: PMC10800854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Even though canola is one of the most important industrial crops worldwide, it has high nutrient requirements and is susceptible to pests and diseases. Therefore, natural methods are sought to support the development of these plants. One of those methods could be a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that have a beneficial effect on plant development. The aim of this study was a genomic comparison of two PGPR strains chosen based on their effect on canola growth: Peribacillus frigoritolerans 2RO30, which stimulated canola growth only in sterile conditions, and Pseudomonas sivasensis 2RO45, which promoted canola growth in both sterile and non-sterile conditions. First of all, six bacterial strains: RO33 (Pseudomonas sp.), RO37 (Pseudomonas poae), RO45 (Pseudomonas kairouanensis), 2RO30 (Peribacillus frigoritolerans), 2RO45 (Pseudomonas sivasensis), and 3RO30 (Pseudomonas migulae), demonstrating best PGP traits in vitro, were studied for their stimulating effect on canola growth under sterile conditions. P. frigoritolerans 2RO30 and P. sivasensis 2RO45 showed the best promoting effect, significantly improving chlorophyll content index (CCI) and roots length compared to the non-inoculated control and to other inoculated seedlings. Under non-sterile conditions, only P. sivasensis 2RO45 promoted the canola growth, significantly increasing CCI compared to the untreated control and to other inoculants. Genome comparison revealed that the genome of P. sivasensis 2RO45 was enriched with additional genes responsible for ACC deaminase (acdA), IAA (trpF, trpG), and siderophores production (fbpA, mbtH, and acrB) compared to 2RO30. Moreover, P. sivasensis 2RO45 showed antifungal effect against all the tested phytopathogens and harbored six more biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC), namely, syringomycin, pyoverdin, viscosin, arylpolyene, lankacidin C, and enterobactin, than P. frigoritolerans 2RO30. These BGCs are well known as antifungal agents; therefore, it can be assumed that these BGCs were responsible for the antifungal activity of P. sivasensis 2RO45 against all plant pathogens. This study is the first report describing P. sivasensis 2RO45 as a canola growth promoter, both under controlled and natural conditions, thus suggesting its application in improving canola yield, by improving nutrient availability, enhancing stress tolerance, and reducing environmental impact of farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Shalaby M, Elbagory M, EL-Khateeb N, Mehesen A, EL-Sheshtawy O, Elsakhawy T, Omara AED. Potential Impacts of Certain N 2-Fixing Bacterial Strains and Mineral N Doses for Enhancing the Growth and Productivity of Maize Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3830. [PMID: 38005727 PMCID: PMC10675558 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The enhancing effect of N2-fixing bacterial strains in the presence of mineral N doses on maize plants in pots and field trials was investigated. The OT-H1 of 10 isolates maintained the total nitrogen, nitrogenase activities, IAA production, and detection of NH3 in their cultures. In addition, they highly promoted the germination of maize grains in plastic bags compared to the remainder. Therefore, OT-H1 was subjected for identification and selected for further tests. Based on their morphological, cultural, and biochemical traits, they belonged to the genera Azotobacter. The genomic sequences of 16S rRNA were, thus, used to confirm the identification of the genera. Accordingly, the indexes of tree and similarity for the related bacterial species indicated that genera were exactly closely linked to Azotoacter salinestris strain OR512393. In pot (35 days) and field (120 days) trials, the efficiencies of both A. salinestris and Azospirillum oryzea SWERI 111 (sole/dual) with 100, 75, 50, and 25% mineral N doses were evaluated with completely randomized experimental design and three repetitions. Results indicated that N2-fixing bacteria in the presence of mineral N treatment showed pronounced effects compared to controls. A high value of maize plants was also noticed through increasing the concentration of mineral N and peaked at a dose of 100%. Differences among N2-fixing bacteria were insignificant and were observed for A. oryzea with different mineral N doses. Thus, the utilization of A. oryzea and A. salinestris in their dual mix in the presence of 75 followed by 50% mineral N was found to be the superior treatments, causing the enhancement of vegetative growth and grain yield parameters of maize plants. Additionally, proline and the enzyme activities of both polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) of maize leaves were induced, and high protein contents of maize grains were accumulated due to the superior treatments. The utilization of such N2-fixing bacteria was, therefore, found to be effective at improving soil fertility and to be an environmentally safe strategy instead, or at least with low doses, of chemical fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Shalaby
- Agricultural Botany Department, (Agricultural Microbiology), Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.S.); (N.E.-K.); (O.E.-S.)
| | - Mohssen Elbagory
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail 61321, Assir, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nagwa EL-Khateeb
- Agricultural Botany Department, (Agricultural Microbiology), Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.S.); (N.E.-K.); (O.E.-S.)
| | - Ahlam Mehesen
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt; (A.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Omaima EL-Sheshtawy
- Agricultural Botany Department, (Agricultural Microbiology), Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.S.); (N.E.-K.); (O.E.-S.)
| | - Tamer Elsakhawy
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt; (A.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt; (A.M.); (T.E.)
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Nurzhanova AA, Pidlisnyuk V, Berzhanova R, Nurmagambetova AS, Terletskaya N, Omirbekova N, Berkinbayev G, Mamirova A. PGPR-driven phytoremediation and physiobiochemical response of Miscanthus × giganteus to stress induced by the trace elements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96098-96113. [PMID: 37563509 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of inoculation of Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu by the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to the phytoremediation process and physio-biochemical plant's parameters was investigated in soil contaminated with the trace elements (TEs) from the Tekeli mining complex, Kazakhstan. Yeast Trichosporon sp. CA1, strains Rhizobium sp. Zn1-1, Shinella sp. Zn5-6, and Pseudomonas sp. CHA1-4, resistant to Zn and Pb, were isolated from the rhizosphere of M × g when the plant was cultivated in the same contaminated soil. Results illustrated that inoculation improved M × g adaptability to TEs toxicity by increasing the tolerance index to 2.9. The treatment enhanced the aboveground biomass yield by up to 163%, root biomass by up to 240%, chlorophyll content by up to 30%, and Chla/b ratio by up to 21%. Through M × g active growth and development, the peak activity of antioxidant enzymes was observed: activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was induced, while the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was inhibited. Based on bioconcentration and translocation factors it was revealed that PGPRs selectively increased the uptake of TEs or stabilised them in the M × g rhizosphere. Inoculation with PGPRs increased the stabilization of Pb, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, As, and Ba in the soil and plant tissues. Further research should focus on ex situ experiments using isolated PGPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asil A Nurzhanova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040
| | - Valentina Pidlisnyuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Ramza Berzhanova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040
| | | | - Nina Terletskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040
| | - Nargul Omirbekova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040
| | | | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040.
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Friberg M, Woeller K, Iberi V, Mancheno PP, Riedeman J, Bohman L, Davis CC. Development of in vitro methods to model the impact of vaginal lactobacilli on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation on menstrual cups as well as validation of recommended cleaning directions. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 5:1162746. [PMID: 37671283 PMCID: PMC10475951 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1162746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Menstrual cups (MC) are a reusable feminine hygiene product. A recent publication suggested that Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms can form on MCs which may lead to increased risk of menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS). Additionally, there is concern that buildup of residual menses may contribute to microbial growth and biofilm formation further increasing mTSS risk. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of in vitro tests were utilized to determine if S. aureus biofilm could form on MC in the presence of the keystone species Lactobacillus after 12 h of incubation. The methodology was based on a modification of an anaerobic in vitro method that harnesses the keystone species hypothesis by including a representative of vaginal lactic acid bacteria. Methods MCs were incubated anaerobically for 12 h in Vaginal Defined Media (VDM) with the two morphologically distinct bacteria, Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri) and S. aureus. Colony Forming Units (CFU) for each organism from the VDM broth and sonicated MC were estimated. In addition, a separate experiment was conducted where S. aureus was grown for 12 h in the absence of L. gasseri. Qualitative analysis for biofilm formation utilized micro-CT (µ-CT) and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). Results Samples collected from the media control had expected growth of both organisms after 12 h of incubation. Samples collected from VDM broth were similar to media control at the end of the 12-h study. Total S. aureus cell density on MC following sonication/rinsing was minimal. Results when using a monoculture of S. aureus demonstrated that there was a significant growth of the organism in the media control and broth as well as the sonicated cups indicating that the presence of L. gasseri was important for controlling growth and adherence of S. aureus. Few rod-shaped bacteria (L. gasseri) and cocci (S. aureus) could be identified on the MCs when grown in a dual species culture inoculum and no biofilm was noted via µ-CT and cryo-SEM. Additionally, efforts to model and understand the validity of the current labeled recommendations for MC cleaning in-between uses are supported. Discussion The data support continued safe use of the Tampax® cup when used and maintained as recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Friberg
- Baby, Feminine and Family Care Microbiology, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States
| | - Kara Woeller
- Baby, Feminine and Family Care, Global Product Stewardship, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vighter Iberi
- Corporate Functions Analytical, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States
| | | | - James Riedeman
- Baby, Family and Feminine Care Analytical Chemistry, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa Bohman
- Data Modeling and Sciences, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States
| | - Catherine C. Davis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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Monjezi N, Yaghoubian I, Smith DL. Cell-free supernatant of Devosia sp. (strain SL43) mitigates the adverse effects of salt stress on soybean ( Glycine max L.) seed vigor index. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1071346. [PMID: 37056501 PMCID: PMC10086148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint for soybean production worldwide, and the exploitation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their bioactive metabolite(s) can improve plant salinity tolerance. With this objective, two experiments were performed, aiming to test 4 culture media (YEM(A), TYE(A), TS(A), and LB(A)) for growing a novel Devosia sp. (strain SL43), and then evaluating cell-free supernatants (CFS) from the Devosia sp. on germination of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds under salinity stress. Soybean seeds were subjected to three salinity levels (0, 100, and 125 mM NaCl) and 6 levels of Devosia sp. CFS dilution (0, 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500, 1:1000). The results indicated that 125 mM NaCl concentration caused the greatest reduction in the total number of germinated seeds (15%), germination rate (43.6%), root length (55.2%), root weight (39.3%), and seed vigor (68%), and it also increased mean germination time by 71.9%. However, Devosia-CFS improved soybean germination, and the greatest effect was obtained at 1:1 dilution. Under the highest salinity level, application of CFS at 1:1 dilution increased final germination (17.6%), germination rate (18.6%), root length (162.2%), root weight (239.4%), seed vigor index (318.7%), and also shortening mean germination time by 19.2%. The results indicated that seed vigor index was positively correlated with other traits except for mean germination time. Our study suggested that the highest productivity of Devoisa sp. was obtained from the YEM medium. Results also suggested that CFS produced by the novel Devosia sp. (SL43 strain) can successfully alleviate salt stress effects on soybean seed germination and manipulating the chemical composition of the growth medium can influence the effectiveness of these bioactive metabolites.
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Singh A, Yadav VK, Chundawat RS, Soltane R, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA, Yadav KK, Vicas SI. Enhancing plant growth promoting rhizobacterial activities through consortium exposure: A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1099999. [PMID: 36865031 PMCID: PMC9972119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1099999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has gained immense importance in the last decade due to its in-depth study and the role of the rhizosphere as an ecological unit in the biosphere. A putative PGPR is considered PGPR only when it may have a positive impact on the plant after inoculation. From the various pieces of literature, it has been found that these bacteria improve the growth of plants and their products through their plant growth-promoting activities. A microbial consortium has a positive effect on plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities evident by the literature. In the natural ecosystem, rhizobacteria interact synergistically and antagonistically with each other in the form of a consortium, but in a natural consortium, there are various oscillating environmental conditions that affect the potential mechanism of the consortium. For the sustainable development of our ecological environment, it is our utmost necessity to maintain the stability of the rhizobacterial consortium in fluctuating environmental conditions. In the last decade, various studies have been conducted to design synthetic rhizobacterial consortium that helps to integrate cross-feeding over microbial strains and reveal their social interactions. In this review, the authors have emphasized covering all the studies on designing synthetic rhizobacterial consortiums, their strategies, mechanism, and their application in the field of environmental ecology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajendra Singh Chundawat
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Rajendra Singh Chundawat, ; Simona Ioana Vicas,
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S. Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A. Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Department of Semi Pilot Plant, Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Egypt
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,*Correspondence: Rajendra Singh Chundawat, ; Simona Ioana Vicas,
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Vio SA, Galar ML, Gortari MC, Balatti P, Garbi M, Lodeiro AR, Luna MF. Multispecies Bacterial Bio-Input: Tracking and Plant-Growth-Promoting Effect on Lettuce var. sagess. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:736. [PMID: 36840083 PMCID: PMC9962684 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of multispecies bacterial bio-inputs is a promising strategy for sustainable crop production over the use of single-species inoculants. Studies of the use of multispecies bio-inputs in horticultural crops are scarce, not only on the growth-promoting effects of each bacterium within the formulation, but also on their compatibility and persistence in the root environment. In this work, we described that a multispecies bacterial bio-input made up of Azospirillum argentinense Az39, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL-5, Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 and Bacillus sp. Dm-B10 improved lettuce plant growth more effectively than when these strains were inoculated as single-species bio-inputs. Bacteria persisted together (were compatible) and also colonized seedling roots of lettuce plants grown in controlled conditions. Interestingly, colonization was highly related to an early and enhanced growth of seedlings grown in the nursery. A similar effect on plant growth was found in lettuce plants in a commercial greenhouse production in the peri-urban area of La Plata City, Buenos Aires, Argentina. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a synthetic mixture of bacteria can colonize and persist on lettuce plants, and also showing their synergistic beneficial effect both in the nursery greenhouse as well as the commercial production farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A. Vio
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Lina Galar
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Gortari
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 526 e/ Calles 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pedro Balatti
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 526 e/ Calles 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, CIDEFI (CIC–UNLP), Calle 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garbi
- Climatología y Fenología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, Calle 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Aníbal Roberto Lodeiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, IBBM (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, Calle 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Flavia Luna
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 526 e/ Calles 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Graziano S, Caldara M, Gullì M, Bevivino A, Maestri E, Marmiroli N. A Metagenomic and Gene Expression Analysis in Wheat (T. durum) and Maize (Z. mays) Biofertilized with PGPM and Biochar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810376. [PMID: 36142289 PMCID: PMC9499264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Commodity crops, such as wheat and maize, are extremely dependent on chemical fertilizers, a practice contributing greatly to the increase in the contaminants in soil and water. Promising solutions are biofertilizers, i.e., microbial biostimulants that when supplemented with soil stimulate plant growth and production. Moreover, the biofertilizers can be fortified when (i) provided as multifunctional consortia and (ii) combined with biochar with a high cargo capacity. The aim of this work was to determine the molecular effects on the soil microbiome of different biofertilizers and delivery systems, highlight their physiological effects and merge the data with statistical analyses. The measurements of the physiological parameters (i.e., shoot and root biomass), transcriptomic response of genes involved in essential pathways, and characterization of the rhizosphere population were analyzed. The results demonstrated that wheat and maize supplemented with different combinations of selected microbial consortia and biochar have a positive effect on plant growth in terms of shoot and root biomass; the treatments also had a beneficial influence on the biodiversity of the indigenous rhizo-microbial community, reinforcing the connection between microbes and plants without further spreading contaminants. There was also evidence at the transcriptional level of crosstalk between microbiota and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bevivino
- Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), 30123 Venice, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Consortia as a Strategy to Alleviate Drought Stress in Spinacia oleracea. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091798. [PMID: 36144400 PMCID: PMC9501077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting soil fertility and plant health, and due to climate change, it is destined to increase even further, becoming a serious threat to crop production. An efficient, eco-friendly alternative is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which can promote plant fitness through direct and indirect approaches, protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aims to identify bacterial consortia to promote Spinacia oleracea L. cv Matador’s seed germination and protect its seedlings from drought stress. Eight PGPB strains belonging to the Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas genera, previously characterized in physiological conditions, were analyzed under water-shortage conditions, and a germination bioassay was carried out by biopriming S. oleracea seeds with either individual strains or consortia. The consortia of B. amyloliquefaciens RHF6, B. amyloliquefaciens LMG9814, and B. sp. AGS84 displayed the capacity to positively affect seed germination and seedlings’ radical development in both standard and drought conditions, ameliorating the plants’ growth rate compared to the untreated ones. These results sustain using PGPB consortia as a valid ameliorating water stress strategy in the agro-industrial field.
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Applications of Probiotic-Based Multi-Components to Human, Animal and Ecosystem Health: Concepts, Methodologies, and Action Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091700. [PMID: 36144301 PMCID: PMC9502345 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and related preparations, including synbiotics and postbiotics, are living and non-living microbial-based multi-components, which are now among the most popular bioactive agents. Such interests mainly arise from the wide range and numerous beneficial effects of their use for various hosts. The current minireview article attempts to provide an overview and discuss in a holistic way the concepts, methodologies, action mechanisms, and applications of probiotic-based multi-components in human, animal, plant, soil, and environment health. Probiotic-based multi-component preparations refer to a mixture of bioactive agents, containing probiotics or postbiotics as main functional ingredients, and prebiotics, protectants, stabilizers, encapsulating agents, and other compounds as additional constituents. Analyzing, characterizing, and monitoring over time the traceability, performance, and stability of such multi-component ingredients require relevant and sensitive analytical tools and methodologies. Two innovative profiling and monitoring methods, the thermophysical fingerprinting thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry technique (TGA-DSC) of the whole multi-component powder preparations, and the Advanced Testing for Genetic Composition (ATGC) strain analysis up to the subspecies level, are presented, illustrated, and discussed in this review to respond to those requirements. Finally, the paper deals with some selected applications of probiotic-based multi-components to human, animal, plant, soil and environment health, while mentioning their possible action mechanisms.
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Designing a Waste-Based Culture Medium for the Production of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms Based on Cladodes Juice from Opuntia ficus-indica Pruning. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of beneficial microorganisms is the first step to obtain a commercial-based product for application in agriculture. In this study, prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) pruning waste was evaluated as a raw material for the production of large amounts of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs) reducing the number of generated wastes. Specifically, five PGPMs constituting a synthetic microbial consortium with complementing plant growth-promoting traits were grown on a laboratory scale and, subsequently, on a pilot scale using a 21-L bioreactor. Primarily, the physical-chemical characterization of the culture medium obtained from the juice of Opuntia cladodes was carried out, revealing the presence of sugars and organic acids with different molar ratios. Compared to conventional media, the waste medium did not show significant differences in bacterial growth efficiency. Instead, the survival rates of the bacteria grown in cladodes juice media, after air-drying on zeolite or freeze-drying, were significantly higher than those observed when they were grown in conventional media. The present work is the first conducted on a pilot-scale that maximizes the production of PGPMs in submerged fermentation using cladodes juice from Opuntia, reducing both economic and environmental impacts associated with the generation of wastes.
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Balthazar C, Joly DL, Filion M. Exploiting Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. for Cannabis Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:833172. [PMID: 35095829 PMCID: PMC8795690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.833172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the oldest domesticated crops, cannabis plants (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana and hemp) have been used to produce food, fiber, and drugs for thousands of years. With the ongoing legalization of cannabis in several jurisdictions worldwide, a new high-value market is emerging for the supply of marijuana and hemp products. This creates unprecedented challenges to achieve better yields and environmental sustainability, while lowering production costs. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges pertaining to the use of beneficial Pseudomonas spp. bacteria as crop inoculants to improve productivity. The prevalence and diversity of naturally occurring Pseudomonas strains within the cannabis microbiome is overviewed, followed by their potential mechanisms involved in plant growth promotion and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Emphasis is placed on specific aspects relevant for hemp and marijuana crops in various production systems. Finally, factors likely to influence inoculant efficacy are provided, along with strategies to identify promising strains, overcome commercialization bottlenecks, and design adapted formulations. This work aims at supporting the development of the cannabis industry in a sustainable way, by exploiting the many beneficial attributes of Pseudomonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Balthazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - David L. Joly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
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Ahmed HFA, Seleiman MF, Al-Saif AM, Alshiekheid MA, Battaglia ML, Taha RS. Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2342. [PMID: 34834704 PMCID: PMC8623452 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potentiality of certain biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Trichoderma album, T. harzianum and T. viride, as well as the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole to control celery powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC, in vitro (against conidia germination and germ tube length of E. heraclei) and in vivo (against disease severity and AUDPC). In vitro, it was found that the antifungal activity of the tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the germination percentage of the conidia and germ tube length of the pathogen. The reduction in conidia germination ranged between 88.2% and 59.6% as a result of the treatment with B. subtilis and T. album, respectively compared with 97.1% by the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole. Moreover, the fungicide achieved the highest reduction in germ tube length (92.5%) followed by B. megaterium (82.0%), while T. album was the least effective (62.8%). Spraying celery plants with the tested biocontrol agents in the greenhouse significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of application. In this regard, B. subtilis was the most efficient followed by B. pumilus, S. marcescens and B. megaterium, with 80.1, 74.4, 73.2 and 70.5% reductions in disease severity, respectively. In AUDPC, reductions of those microorganisms were 285.3, 380.9, 396.7 and 431.8, respectively, compared to 1539.1 in the control treatment. On the other hand, the fungicide difenoconazole achieved maximum efficacy in reducing disease severity (84.7%) and lowest AUDPC (219.3) compared to the other treatments. In the field, all the applied biocontrol agents showed high efficiency in suppressing powdery mildew on celery plants, with a significant improvement in growth and yield characteristics. In addition, they caused an increase in the concentration of leaf pigments, and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and total phenol content (TPC). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of using tested biocontrol agents as eco-friendly alternatives to protect celery plants against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F. A. Ahmed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel M. Al-Saif
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha A. Alshiekheid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ragab S. Taha
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt;
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Improvement of Soil Microbial Diversity through Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Its Evaluation by -Omics Approaches: A Perspective for the Environment, Food Quality and Human Safety. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071400. [PMID: 34203506 PMCID: PMC8308033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil is one of the key elements for supporting life on Earth. It delivers multiple ecosystem services, which are provided by soil processes and functions performed by soil biodiversity. In particular, soil microbiome is one of the fundamental components in the sustainment of plant biomass production and plant health. Both targeted and untargeted management of soil microbial communities appear to be promising in the sustainable improvement of food crop yield, its nutritional quality and safety. –Omics approaches, which allow the assessment of microbial phylogenetic diversity and functional information, have increasingly been used in recent years to study changes in soil microbial diversity caused by agronomic practices and environmental factors. The application of these high-throughput technologies to the study of soil microbial diversity, plant health and the quality of derived raw materials will help strengthen the link between soil well-being, food quality, food safety and human health.
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