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Olas B, Różański W, Urbańska K, Sławińska N, Bryś M. New Light on Plants and Their Chemical Compounds Used in Polish Folk Medicine to Treat Urinary Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:435. [PMID: 38675397 PMCID: PMC11054606 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review contains the results of Polish (Central Europe) ethnomedical studies that describe the treatment of urinary tract diseases with wild and cultivated plants. The study includes only the plants that are used to treat the urinary tract, excluding prostate diseases. A review of the literature was carried out to verify the pharmacological use of the plants mentioned in the interviews. Based on this, the study reviews the pharmacological activities of all the recorded species and indicates their most important chemical compounds. Fifty-three species (belonging to 30 families) were selected for the study. The Compositae (eight species), Rosaceae (six species), and Apiaceae (six species) are the most common families used in the treatment of urinary diseases in Polish folk medicine. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that many of these plant species have beneficial properties, such as diuretic, antihyperuricemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity, or the prevention of urinary stone formation. These effects are exerted through different mechanisms, for example, through the activation of bradykinin B2 receptors, inhibition of xanthine oxidase, or inhibition of Na+-K+ pump. Many plants used in folk medicine are rich in phytochemicals with proven effectiveness against urinary tract diseases, such as rutin, arbutin, or triterpene saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Różański
- Clinic of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karina Urbańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Natalia Sławińska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Eren E, Karabulut YY, Eren M, Kadir S. Mineralogy, geochemistry, and micromorphology of human kidney stones (urolithiasis) from Mersin, the southern Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01525-8. [PMID: 36934357 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the primary characteristics of the selected kidney stones surgically removed from the patients at the Mersin University Hospital in the southern Turkey and interprets their formation via petrographic, geochemical, XRD, SEM-EDX, and ICP-MS/OES analyses. The analytical results revealed that the kidney stones are composed of the minerals whewellite, struvite, hydroxyapatite, and uric acid alone or in different combinations. The samples occur in staghorn, bean-shaped composite, and individual rounded particle shapes, which are controlled by the shape of the nucleus and the site of stone formation. The cross-section of the samples shows concentric growth layers due to variations in saturation, characterizing the metastable phase. Kidney stone formation includes two main stages: (i) nucleation and (ii) aggregation and/or growth. Nucleation was either Randall plaque of hydroxyapatite in tissue on the surface of the papilla or a coating of whewellite on the plaque, or crystallization as free particles in the urine. Subsequently, aggregation or growth occurs by precipitation of stone-forming materials around the plaque or coating carried into the urine, or around the nucleus formed in situ in the urine. Urinary supersaturation is the main driving force of crystallization processes; and is controlled by many factors including bacterially induced supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eren
- Faculty of Medicine, San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Muhsin Eren
- Department of Geological Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Kadir
- Department of Geological Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Mercurio M, Izzo F, Gatta GD, Salzano L, Lotrecchiano G, Saldutto P, Germinario C, Grifa C, Varricchio E, Carafa A, Di Meo MC, Langella A. May a comprehensive mineralogical study of a jackstone calculus and some other human bladder stones unveil health and environmental implications? ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3297-3320. [PMID: 34529244 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper represents the first result of an active collaboration between the University of Sannio and the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Italy), started in the 2018, that aims to a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from Campania region. Herein, selected human bladder stones have been deeply characterized for clinical purposes and environmental biomonitoring, focusing on the importance to evaluate the concentration and distribution of undesired trace elements by means of microscopic techniques in the place of conventional wet chemical analyses. A rare bladder stone with a sea-urchin appearance, known as jackstone calculus, were also investigated (along with bladder stones made of uric acid and brushite) by means a comprehensive analytical approach, including Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Simultaneous Thermal Analyses. Main clinical assumptions were inferred according to the morpho-constitutional classification of bladder stones and information about patient's medical history and lifestyle. In most of the analyzed uroliths, undesired trace elements such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury and arsenic have been detected and generally attributable to environmental pollution or contaminated food. Simultaneous occurrence of selenium and mercury should denote a methylmercury detoxification process, probably leading to the formation of a very rare HgSe compound known as tiemannite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - F Izzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Diego Gatta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 23, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - L Salzano
- UOC Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Pio di Benevento, Via dell'Angelo 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - G Lotrecchiano
- UOC Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Pio di Benevento, Via dell'Angelo 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - P Saldutto
- UOC Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Pio di Benevento, Via dell'Angelo 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - C Germinario
- Dipartimento di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - C Grifa
- Dipartimento di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - E Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Carafa
- Dipartimento di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Langella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Di Monte Sant'Angelo, Edificio 10, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Major and Trace Elements in Human Kidney Stones: A Preliminary Investigation in Beijing, China. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease affects people globally, with its prevalence on the rise. Given the importance of elements’ function in formation of kidney stones, this study investigated major and trace element content in thirty kidney stone samples from patients in Beijing. The kidney stone samples included inorganic components (calcium oxalate and carbonate apatite) and organic components (uric acid). Results showed that Ca is much higher in inorganic components than organic components. Compared to inorganic components, uric acid has a very low content of elements except for Cu and Se, which may be derived from the liver. Carbonate apatite stones have a higher element content (such as Na, K, Sr, Zn, Rb, Ba, Li, and Ti) than calcium oxalate stones, especially enrichment of Mg. The principal components analysis (PCA) extracted three principal components (PCs) with total variances of 91.91%, including the PC1 (45.08%): Na-Li-Ti-Ba-Sr-Zn, PC2 (30.05%): Rb, K, Mg, and PC3 (16.78%): Cu-Se, indicating that there are co-precipitated processes of these elements by their specific properties. A different distribution of stone types in the three components indicates a significant discrepancy in their element content, which can be an essential reference for patient intake elements.
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Greasley J, Goolcharan S, Andrews R. Quantitative phase analysis and microstructural characterization of urinary tract calculi with X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis on a Caribbean island. J Appl Crystallogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721011602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago, urinary stone analysis is not routinely performed. This study investigates, via powder X-ray diffraction, 52 urinary tract calculi collected from hospitals in Trinidad. Of these, 46 stones were analysed with Rietveld refinement for quantitative analysis and materials characterization. Refined unit-cell, microstructural and weight fraction parameters were obtained, with the last being used for stone classification. The results revealed seven distinct mineralogical phases of varying frequency: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, 58%), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD, 23%), carbonated apatite (APA, 48%), brushite (BRU, 6%), struvite (STR, 42%), uric acid (UA, 23%) and ammonium acid urate (AAU, 19%). The average refined crystallite sizes were 1352 ± 90 Å (COM), 1921 ± 285 Å (COD), 83 ± 5 Å (APA), 1172 ± 9 Å (BRU), 1843 ± 138 Å (STR), 981 ± 87 Å (UA) and 292 ± 83 Å (AAU). Subsequently, 36.5% of stones were categorized as phosphates, 34.6% as oxalates, 13.5% as uric acid/urates and 15.4% as mixed compositions. The study findings highlight the importance of stone analysis as a necessary step towards disease management of local patients, and endorse the application of Rietveld refinement as a natural extension to diffraction-based kidney stone investigations.
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Aghajari S, Sabzalipour S, Nazarpour A, Rozbahani MM. Mineralogy, geochemistry, 13C and 16O isotopic characteristics of urinary stones in Iran, a case study of Lorestan Province. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:5157-5176. [PMID: 34115269 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the importance of urinary stones as one of the biominerals in the human body, it is necessary to investigate their chemical composition and mineralogy. In this matter, a mineralogical study using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that urinary stones in Lorestan Province were divided into 5 groups of calcium oxalate, urate, cysteine, phosphate and mixed stones (Whewellite, uric acid, phosphate). In this regard, the microscopic studies revealed that Whewellite was the most important mineral phase among various phases. In the following, the major and rare elements of each group were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that Ca was found the most abundant element in urinary stones. In the analysis results of the major oxides, compared to other major oxides, CaO had the highest frequency in urinary stones. The reason was due to the role of calcium in most of the basic functions in cell metabolism. The average values of isotope 13C and 16O in the studied urinary stones were obtained - 33.71 and - 20.57, respectively. Overall, the values of 13C isotope in urinary stones were lower than those in the similar stones and human hard tissues in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seadat Aghajari
- Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Sabzalipour
- Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahad Nazarpour
- Department of Geology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
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