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Şener E, Şener Ş, Bulut C. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and quality in lake water and sediment by various index methods and GIS: A case study in Beyşehir Lake, Turkey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115101. [PMID: 37269700 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Beyşehir Lake, Turkey's largest freshwater lake, is also a "Drinking Water Reserve". In the study, heavy metal (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, Fe, Al, Mn) concentrations of seasonal lake water and bottom sediment samples were determined to evaluate the heavy metal pollution. Several index methods were applied, and pollution assessments were made using the obtained analysis results of lake water and sediment samples. The average concentrations of the heavy metals in the lake waters are observed as Fe > Al > Mn > As>Zn > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cu > Hg > Cd. When the lake waters were compared with the TS 266 (2005) and WHO (2017) limit values, it was determined that lake waters are below the limit values in terms of the heavy metals. According to index results, all of the lake samples are suitable for use as drinking water in accordance with the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) value, all of the samples are in the "low pollution" class in accordance with the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and degree of contamination (Cd) values. In addition, the water average concentrations of the heavy metals in the lake sediments are observed as Fe > Al > Mn > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu > As>Pb > Cd > Hg. The contamination factor (CF) and enrichment factor (EF) revealed that sediments were considerably and moderately polluted by As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Fe and Mn and low polluted and/or unpolluted by other metals. The calculated pollution load index (PLI) and Igeo values indicate that lake sediments do not carry a risk of heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Şener
- Süleyman Demirel University, Remote Sensing Center, Çünür, TR-32260 Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Şehnaz Şener
- Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Geological Engineering, Çünür, TR-32260 Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Cafer Bulut
- Eğirdir Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey
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Wang Q, Wang J, Zhong Q, Su W, Ma Y, Du J, Xiao T. Trace elements accumulation over a century in sediment cores from a tectonic lake on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau: Source identification and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117030. [PMID: 36584509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A record of trace elements in lake sediment can help in assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on aquatic environments. In the present work, the trace elements profiles (Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, As, and Cd) were determined in four sediment cores (QH01, QH02, QH07, and Z04) collected in 2012 and 2014 from Lake Qinghai to reconstruct the history of anthropogenic activity in the watershed and to evaluate the pollution status and eco-environmental risks of a typical Third Pole lake environment over the past century. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, As, and Cd in these studies ranged between 19.4 and 34.2 μg g-1, 35.6-53.6 μg g-1, 3.10-26.8 μg g-1, 56.4-93.5 μg g-1, 6.20-15.3 μg g-1, and 0.086-0.572 μg g-1, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated that the Pb, Zn, and Cd contents combination of coal, gasoline burning, and agricultural activities in the Lake Qinghai catchment and larger-scale atmospheric inputs during the past 60 years. The enrichment factors for Pb, Zn, and Cd in the sediments of Lake Qinghai are considered to be related to the region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and national socioeconomic development. Enrich factor of Cd values was higher than 3.5 and maximum values of the geo-accumulation index of Pb and Cd were observed in the top layer of the sediment (0-2 cm), indicating moderate contamination. The RI values suggest that the risks to the ecological environment of Lake Qinghai are increasing since the 1950s. The results of this study illustrate that Lake Qinghai is still experiencing high trace elements pollution pressure due to the rapid environmental changes caused by anthropogenic activities on the remote and isolated Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiugui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weigang Su
- Qinghai Earthquake Agency, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yujun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ma Y, Wang Q, Su W, Cao G, Fu G, Du W. Potential Sources, Pollution, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Soils on the North-Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070368. [PMID: 35878273 PMCID: PMC9316433 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to increased levels of human activity, various pollutants are frequently detected on the Tibetan Plateau, where the environment is extremely fragile and sensitive. Therefore, this study investigated the sources, pollution, and ecological risks of soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in different landscape areas within the Qaidam Basin in the northeastern part of the Qinghai−Tibet Plateau. The contents of seven PTEs (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, and Ni) in 32 topsoil samples (0−2 cm) were analyzed in different regions of the Qaidam Basin. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 10.4−29.9 mg/kg, 0.08−4.45 mg/kg, 19−66 mg/kg, 8.2−40 mg/kg, 11.7−30.8 mg/kg, 11.1−31.2 mg/kg, and 32−213 mg/kg, respectively. The correlation between Pb and Cd in unpopulated areas was 0.896 (p < 0.01). The correlations among Pb, Cd, and Zn in agricultural areas, among As, Cd, Cr, and Zn in saline lake areas, and among As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in residential areas were all greater than 0.65 (p < 0.05). The principal component analysis results showed that Pb and Cd in unpopulated areas, Pb, Cd, and Zn in agricultural areas, As, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Pb in saline lake areas, and As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in residential areas were affected by human activities (significant factor >0.70). Based on the geological accumulation index and single-factor pollution index results, the maximum Cd values were found to be 4.93 and 45.88, respectively; Cd was thus the most serious PTE pollutant. The comprehensive pollution index of Nemero showed that moderately and severely polluted areas accounted for 18.89% and 18.46% of the total area, respectively. The results of the potential risk index showed that very strong and strong ecological risk points together accounted for 18.8% of the total points. The spatial variations in PTE pollution and the potential ecological risk index had similar patterns; both increased from the unpopulated areas in the northeastern Qaidam Basin to Golmud city in the south-western Qaidam Basin. These results indicate that human activities negatively impacted the soil ecological environment in the Qaidam Basin during the rapid development of the economy and urbanization and that these negative impacts tended to spread to unpopulated areas. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the significant impacts of human activities on environmental quality and formulate preventive measures to reduce PTE pollution in the Qinghai−Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Ma
- College of Geographic Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Qiugui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Weigang Su
- Qinghai Earthquake Agency, Xining 810001, China;
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guangchao Cao
- College of Geographic Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Guoyan Fu
- Zhongyuan Institute of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China;
| | - Wen Du
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
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Varol M, Canpolat Ö, Eriş KK, Çağlar M. Trace metals in core sediments from a deep lake in eastern Turkey: Vertical concentration profiles, eco-environmental risks and possible sources. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:110060. [PMID: 31821939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contents of 12 trace metals (Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Al and Fe) in two sediment cores (Hz11-P02 and Hz11-P09) from the Lake Hazar, one of the deepest natural lakes in Turkey, were examined to evaluate vertical concentration profiles, possible sources, pollution status and eco-environmental risks of these metals. The highest concentrations of Cd and As were detected in the upper part (0-10 cm depths) of core Hz11-P02, while Hg concentration was at a maximum in the upper part of core Hz11-P09. The concentrations of other metals except Cr were the highest in the bottom layer (depths below 100 cm) of both cores. Among trace metals (TMs), Cr, Ni, Al and Mn in core Hz11-P02 and Mn in core Hz11-P09 showed statistically significant correlations with core depth (p < 0.01). The mean concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Al and Fe in core Hz11-P02 were significantly higher than those in core Hz11-P09 (p < 0.01). Also, the mean enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and contamination factor values of As, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg were higher in core Hz11-P02. The ecological risk index (RI) values for core Hz11-P02 were between 150 and 300 in 40.3% of the samples, indicating "moderate ecological risk", whereas the RI values for core Hz11-P09 were <150 in 100% of the samples, indicating "low ecological risk". Factor, cluster and correlation analyses, and contamination indices indicated that As and Hg in core Hz11-P02 predominantly originated from anthropogenic sources, while 12 trace metals in core Hz11-P09 derived from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memet Varol
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Fisheries, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | - Kürşad Kadir Eriş
- İTÜ EMCOL and Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Mining, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Çağlar
- Fırat University, Faculty of Fisheries, Elazığ, Turkey
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Risk Assessment of Contamination by Potentially Toxic Metals: A Case Study in the Vicinity of an Abandoned Pyrite Mine. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abandoned mining areas can display soil and water pollution and also a high incidence of endemic diseases. Here, based on preliminary results on mental retardation and high incidence rates of cancers, we investigate the contamination status and potential ecological risk at an abandoned pyrite mine located in Xianju village, Hubei province, central China. The study focused on the three potentially toxic metals As, Pb, and Zn and four other common elements, including Ca, Fe, S, and Se. Soil samples were collected from 12 sites and leachate seeping from five sites. Leachates were strongly acidic compared to the soil, with pH values <3.22. Soil As and Se concentrations exceeded the Chinese Grade II standards for soil environmental quality (GB 15618-2009) (30 and 3 mg·kg−1, respectively), ranging from 33.6 ± 0.7 to 78.2 ± 1.0 mg As·kg−1 dry matter (DM) and 5.3 ± 0.8 to 17.1 ± 1.4 mg Se·kg−1 DM. Arsenic, Fe, Se, and S in leachates all exceeded the Chinese Grade III standard for surface water environmental quality (GB 3838-2002) (0.1, 0.3, 0.03, and 1.0 mg·L−1). The potential ecological risks from Pb and Zn in soils were low, but As in soils and leachates represented a moderate or strong risk to children according to the Nemerow index and hazard quotient. Soil replacement combined with further remediation measures is required to remediate the contaminated area.
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