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Anjali, Guha A, Pandey S. Mixed micelle formation by sodium dodecylsulfate and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous ionic liquid media. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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A novel sublimable organic salt: Synthesis, characterization, thermal behavior, and catalytic activity for the synthesis of arylidene, heteroarylidene, and alkylidene malonates. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Morris DC, Prescott SW, Harper JB. Rapid relaxation NMR measurements to predict rate coefficients in ionic liquid mixtures. An examination of reaction outcome changes in a homologous series of ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9878-9888. [PMID: 33908419 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ionic liquids based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations were examined as components of the solvent mixture for a bimolecular substitution process. The effects on both the rate coefficient of the process and the NMR spin-spin relaxation of the solvent components of changing either the alkyl chain length or the amount of ionic liquid in the reaction mixture were determined. At a constant mole fraction, a shorter alkyl chain length resulted in a greater rate coefficient enhancement and a longer relaxation time, with the opposite effects for a longer alkyl chain length. For a given ionic liquid, increasing the proportion of salt in the reaction mixture resulted in a greater rate coefficient and a shorter relaxation time. The microscopic origins of the rate coefficient enhancement were determined and a step change found in the activation parameters on increasing the alkyl chain length from hexyl to octyl, suggesting notable structuring in solution. Across a range of ionic liquids and solvent compositions, the relaxation time from NMR measurements was shown to relate to the reaction rate coefficient. The approach of using fast and simple NMR relaxation measurements to predict reaction outcomes was exemplified using a morpholinium-based ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Morris
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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4
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Dawelbeit A, Yu M. Tentative Confinement of Ionic Liquids in Nylon 6 Fibers: A Bridge between Structural Developments and High-Performance Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3535-3547. [PMID: 33585738 PMCID: PMC7876690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A reversible confinement of ionic liquid (IL) among the amide segments has been carried out for the preparation of high-modulus and high-strength aliphatic semicrystalline nylon 6 fibers. In this research work, the suppression or the weakening of the hydrogen bonds during the conventional low-speed melt spinning process is followed by a hot-drawing stage and a subsequent IL extraction of the IL out of the 2% wt IL-confined fibers and an immediate thermal stabilization process for the improvement of the properties of the pristine nylon 6 fibers. The resulted crystal structural developments of the IL-confined fibers are attributed to ultimate molecular orientations, which have contributed to the developments of the overall fiber properties. Here, the influences of the IL on the γ and the α crystal phases, the γ-α transition, the morphological properties, and the tensile properties are investigated. The FTIR reported, experimentally, additional peaks at 1237 cm-1 for the γ crystal phase and at 1417 and 1476 cm-1 for the α crystal phase, in conformity with the theoretical computations. The XRD demonstrated that the conventional low-speed melt spinning can successfully be used to prepare as-spun IL-confined fibers having highly improved properties. The so prepared as-spun IL-confined fibers are found to have a γ phase structure that has a small crystal size and high crystal perfections. Fortunately, the γ-to-α crystal phase transition for the IL-confined nylon 6 fibers can be acquired during the hot-drawing stage (stress-induced phase transformation). Furthermore, the IL extraction process followed by a thermal stabilization process, interestingly, has led to significant increases in both of the tensile strengths and the tensile moduli of the reverted nylon 6 fibers. The values that are found are 8.46 cN/dtex for the tensile strength and 39.09 cN/dtex for the tensile modulus. The structure-property relationships between the IL-confined and the reverted nylon 6 fibers have also been discussed.
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5
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Greaves TL, Schaffarczyk McHale KS, Burkart-Radke RF, Harper JB, Le TC. Machine learning approaches to understand and predict rate constants for organic processes in mixtures containing ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2742-2752. [PMID: 33496292 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04227g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tailor the constituent ions in ionic liquids (ILs) is highly advantageous as it provides access to solvents with a range of physicochemical properties. However, this benefit also leads to large compositional spaces that need to be explored to optimise systems, often involving time consuming experimental work. The use of machine learning methods is an effective way to gain insight based on existing data, to develop structure-property relationships and to allow the prediction of ionic liquid properties. Here we have applied machine learning models to experimentally determined rate constants of a representative organic process (the reaction of pyridine with benzyl bromide) in IL-acetonitrile mixtures. Multiple linear regression (MLREM) and artificial neural networks (BRANNLP) were both able to model the data well. The MLREM model was able to identify the structural features on the cations and anions that had the greatest effect on the rate constant. Secondly, predictive MLREM and BRANNLP models were developed from the full initial set of rate constant data. From these models, a large number of predictions (>9000) of rate constant were made for mixtures of different ionic liquids, at different proportions of ionic liquid and molecular solvent, at different temperatures. A selection of these predictions were tested experimentally, including through the preparation of novel ionic liquids, with overall good agreement between the predicted and experimental data. This study highlights the benefits of using machine learning methods on kinetic data in ionic liquid mixtures to enable the development of rigorous structure-property relationships across multiple variables simultaneously, and to predict properties of new ILs and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar L Greaves
- College of Science Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | | | | | - Jason B Harper
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Tu C Le
- College of Science Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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6
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Schindl A, Hawker RR, Schaffarczyk McHale KS, Liu KTC, Morris DC, Hsieh AY, Gilbert A, Prescott SW, Haines RS, Croft AK, Harper JB, Jäger CM. Controlling the outcome of S N2 reactions in ionic liquids: from rational data set design to predictive linear regression models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23009-23018. [PMID: 33043942 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rate constants for a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) process in a range of ionic liquids are correlated with calculated parameters associated with the charge localisation on the cation of the ionic liquid (including the molecular electrostatic potential). Simple linear regression models proved effective, though the interdependency of the descriptors needs to be taken into account when considering generality. A series of ionic liquids were then prepared and evaluated as solvents for the same process; this data set was rationally chosen to incorporate homologous series (to evaluate systematic variation) and functionalities not available in the original data set. These new data were used to evaluate and refine the original models, which were expanded to include simple artificial neural networks. Along with showing the importance of an appropriate data set and the perils of overfitting, the work demonstrates that such models can be used to reliably predict ionic liquid solvent effects on an organic process, within the limits of the data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Rebecca R Hawker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Kenny T-C Liu
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Daniel C Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia. and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew Y Hsieh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Alyssa Gilbert
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Stuart W Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Ronald S Haines
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Anna K Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jason B Harper
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Christof M Jäger
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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7
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Schaffarczyk McHale KS, Wong MJ, Evans AK, Gilbert A, Haines RS, Harper JB. Understanding the effects of solvate ionic liquids as solvents on substitution processes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9243-9250. [PMID: 31599321 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of solvate ionic liquids as solvents have been considered for two substitution processes where the solvent effects of typical ionic liquids have been extensively investigated previously; the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction between pyridine and benzyl bromide and the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction between ethanol and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. It was found that use of solvate ionic liquids gave rise to similar trends in the activation parameters for both substitution processes as typical ionic liquids, implying the microscopic interactions responsible for the effects were the same. However, different effects on the rate constants compared to typical ionic liquids were observed due to the changes in the balance of enthalpic and entropic contributions to the observed rate constants. From these data it is clear that the reaction outcome for both of these substitution reactions fall within the 'predictive framework' established in previous studies with a cautionary tale or two of their own to add to the general knowledge of ionic liquid solvent effects for these processes, particularly with respect to potential reactivity of the solvate ionic liquids themselves.
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Schindl A, Hagen ML, Muzammal S, Gunasekera HAD, Croft AK. Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Reactions, Applications, and Futures. Front Chem 2019; 7:347. [PMID: 31179267 PMCID: PMC6543490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer processing and handling is greatly facilitated by the use of ionic liquids, given the increased solubility, and in some cases, structural stability imparted to these molecules. Focussing on proteins, we highlight here not just the key drivers behind protein-ionic liquid interactions that facilitate these functionalities, but address relevant current and potential applications of protein-ionic liquid interactions, including areas of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Hagen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shafaq Muzammal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henadira A. D. Gunasekera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Hawker RR, Haines RS, Harper JB. Predicting solvent effects in ionic liquids:
E
xtension of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction on a benzene to a pyridine. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Hawker
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Ronald S. Haines
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales UNSW Sydney Australia
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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11
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Eshtaya M, Ejigu A, Stephens G, Walsh DA, Chen GZ, Croft AK. Developing energy efficient lignin biomass processing - towards understanding mediator behaviour in ionic liquids. Faraday Discuss 2018; 190:127-45. [PMID: 27228384 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns have brought attention to the requirement for more efficient and renewable processes for chemicals production. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer, and might serve as a sustainable resource for manufacturing fuels and aromatic derivatives for the chemicals industry after being depolymerised. In this work, the mediator 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), commonly used with enzyme degradation systems, has been evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) for enhancing the oxidation of the non-phenolic lignin model compound veratryl alcohol and three types of lignin (organosolv, Kraft and lignosulfonate) in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, ([C2mim][C2SO4]). The presence of either veratryl alcohol or organosolv lignin increased the second oxidation peak of ABTS under select conditions, indicating the ABTS-mediated oxidation of these molecules at high potentials in [C2mim][C2SO4]. Furthermore, CV was applied as a quick and efficient way to explore the impact of water in the ABTS-mediated oxidation of both organosolv and lignosulfonate lignin. Higher catalytic efficiencies of ABTS were observed for lignosulfonate solutions either in sodium acetate buffer or when [C2mim][C2SO4] (15 v/v%) was present in the buffer solution, whilst there was no change found in the catalytic efficiency of ABTS in [C2mim][C2SO4]-lignosulfonate mixtures relative to ABTS alone. In contrast, organosolv showed an initial increase in oxidation, followed by a significant decrease on increasing the water content of a [C2mim][C2SO4] solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Eshtaya
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Andinet Ejigu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gill Stephens
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Darren A Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - George Z Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Anna K Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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12
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Hawker RR, Haines RS, Harper JB. Rational selection of the cation of an ionic liquid to control the reaction outcome of a substitution reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2296-2299. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rational selection of ionic liquids to get the rate constant you want in a substitution process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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13
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Hawker RR, Haines RS, Harper JB. The effect of varying the anion of an ionic liquid on the solvent effects on a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3453-3463. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00651b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Variety of ionic liquids with different anions used as solvents for a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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14
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15
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e Silva FA, Pereira JFB, Kurnia KA, Ventura SPM, Silva AMS, Rogers RD, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG. Temperature dependency of aqueous biphasic systems: an alternative approach for exploring the differences between Coulombic-dominated salts and ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7298-7301. [PMID: 28447082 PMCID: PMC6157718 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02294h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we propose an alternative way to distinguish ionic liquids from Coulombic-dominated salts, based not on their upper limit melting temperature (100 °C), but on the trend of their phase-forming abilities to create aqueous biphasic systems as a function of temperature, in which a wider plethora of interactions can be appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A. e Silva
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge F. B. Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Câmpus (Araraquara), Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Kiki A. Kurnia
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Hawker RR, Wong MJ, Haines RS, Harper JB. Rationalising the effects of ionic liquids on a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6433-6440. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01476g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and ethanol was examined in a series of ionic liquids across a range of mole fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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17
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Butler BJ, Thomas DS, Hook JM, Harper JB. NMR spectroscopy to follow reaction progress in ionic liquids. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:423-428. [PMID: 25287592 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand reaction outcomes in ionic liquids, it is crucial to be able to follow the progress of these reactions. This review highlights the advantages of NMR spectroscopy over other analytical techniques in following reaction progress in ionic liquids, particularly addressing the practical aspects of the methodology and highlighting the range of processes that can be readily followed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Butler
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Donald S Thomas
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - James M Hook
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jason B Harper
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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18
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Hawker RR, Panchompoo J, Aldous L, Harper JB. Novel Chloroimidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Characterisation and Behaviour as Solvents to Control Reaction Outcome. Chempluschem 2016; 81:574-583. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Hawker
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Janjira Panchompoo
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Leigh Aldous
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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19
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Rodriguez Castillo AS, Guihéneuf S, Le Guével R, Biard PF, Paquin L, Amrane A, Couvert A. Synthesis and toxicity evaluation of hydrophobic ionic liquids for volatile organic compounds biodegradation in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:221-230. [PMID: 26785216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of several hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs), which might be selected as good candidates for degradation of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB), were carried out. Several bioassays were also realized, such as toxicity evaluation on activated sludge and zebrafish, cytotoxicity, fluoride release in aqueous phase and biodegradability in order to verify their possible effects in case of discharge in the aquatic environment and/or human contact during industrial manipulation. The synthesized compounds consist of alkylimidazoliums, functionalized imidazoliums, isoqinoliniums, triazoliums, sulfoniums, pyrrolidiniums and morpholiniums and various counter-ions such as: PF6(-), NTf2(-) and NfO(-). Toxicity evaluation on activated sludge of each compound (5% v/v of IL) was assessed by using a glucose uptake inhibition test. Toxicity against zebrafish and cytotoxicity were evaluated by the ImPACCell platform of Rennes (France). Fluoride release in water was estimated by regular measurements using ion chromatography equipment. IL biodegradability was determined by measuring BOD28 of aqueous samples (compound concentration,1mM). All ILs tested were not biodegradable; while some of them were toxic toward activated sludge. Isoquinolinium ILs were toxic to human cancerous cell lines. Nevertheless no toxicity was found against zebrafish Danio rerio. Only one IL released fluoride after long-time agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santiago Rodriguez Castillo
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
| | - Solène Guihéneuf
- Université européenne de Bretagne; Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR, CNRS 6226, Groupe Ingénierie Chimique & Molécules Pour le Vivant (ICMV), Bât. 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
| | - Rémy Le Guével
- Plate-forme ImPACcell Structure Fédérative de Recherche BIOSIT Université de Rennes 1, Bat. 8, Campus de Villejean, 2 Avenue du Pr. Leon Bernard, CS 34317, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-François Biard
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
| | - Ludovic Paquin
- Université européenne de Bretagne; Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR, CNRS 6226, Groupe Ingénierie Chimique & Molécules Pour le Vivant (ICMV), Bât. 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
| | - Annabelle Couvert
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
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20
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Butler BJ, Harper JB. The effect of the structure of the cation of an ionic liquid on the rate of reaction at a phosphorus centre. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Butler
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney 2052 Australia
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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22
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Skowronek J, Geppert-Rybczyńska M, Jacquemin J, Goodrich P, Vicente JA, Chorążewski M, Jężak S, Zorębski M, Zorębski E, Żarska M, Kaca W, Berdyczko P, Dzida M. Acoustic and Volumetric Properties of Diluted Solutions of Water in Ionic Liquids. J SOLUTION CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-015-0327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Keaveney ST, Haines RS, Harper JB. Ionic liquid effects on a multistep process. Increased product formation due to enhancement of all steps. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An ionic liquid is shown to increase the rate of all three steps in this imine formation and the microscopic origins of such are investigated. The magnitude of this enhancement varies with the nature of the substituent, though in all cases the rate of imine formation is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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24
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Keaveney ST, Haines RS, Harper JB. Developing principles for predicting ionic liquid effects on reaction outcome. The importance of the anion in controlling microscopic interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3771-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Predictable changes in the rate constant of a condensation reaction were seen as the solvent composition was varied. The cation–nucleophile interaction could be controlled in a predictable manner; activation parameters varied linearly with the H-bond acceptor ability of the anions used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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25
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Butler BJ, Harper JB. The effect of an ionic liquid on the rate of reaction at a phosphorus centre. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rate constant of a substitution at phosphorus varies with amount of ionic liquid present; enthalpic benefit offsets entropic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Butler
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- UNSW Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- UNSW Sydney 2052
- Australia
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26
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Keaveney ST, Harper JB, Croft AK. Computational approaches to understanding reaction outcomes of organic processes in ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14676j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of using a combined experimental and computational approach for understanding ionic liquid media, and their effect on reaction outcome, is highlighted through a number of case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Anna K. Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
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27
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Keaveney ST, Schaffarczyk McHale KS, Haines RS, Harper JB. Developing principles for predicting ionic liquid effects on reaction outcome. A demonstration using a simple condensation reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7092-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Predictions of the effects of the proportion and the components of an ionic liquid on the reaction rate are shown to correlate well with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald S. Haines
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
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28
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Abstract
Ionic liquids are frequently touted as alternatives to traditional molecular solvents but are limited in their applicability as the outcome of reactions may be altered on moving from a molecular to an ionic solvent. This manuscript summarizes our progress towards a predictive framework through understanding how ionic solvents affect organic processes, with an emphasis on how these findings might be applied. Particularly, we will consider the importance of the mole fraction of the ionic liquid used, including some hitherto undisclosed results, as well as the importance of understanding the key interactions of the solvent with the components along the reaction coordinate.
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29
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30
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Tanner EEL, Yau HM, Hawker RR, Croft AK, Harper JB. Does the cation really matter? The effect of modifying an ionic liquid cation on an SN2 process. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6170-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Keaveney ST, Harper JB. Towards reaction control using an ionic liquid: biasing outcomes of reactions of benzyl halides. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Weber CC, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Pseudoverkapselung - Nanodomänen für verstärkte Reaktivität in ionischen Flüssigkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Weber CC, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Pseudo-Encapsulation-Nanodomains for Enhanced Reactivity in Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11483-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Alcalde E, Dinarès I, Ibáñez A, Mesquida N. A simple halide-to-anion exchange method for heteroaromatic salts and ionic liquids. Molecules 2012; 17:4007-27. [PMID: 22469595 PMCID: PMC6268629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad and simple method permitted halide ions in quaternary heteroaromatic and ammonium salts to be exchanged for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A− form) in non-aqueous media. The anion loading of the AER (OH− form) was examined using two different anion sources, acids or ammonium salts, and changing the polarity of the solvents. The AER (A− form) method in organic solvents was then applied to several quaternary heteroaromatic salts and ILs, and the anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, concomitantly removing halide impurities. Relying on the hydrophobicity of the targeted ion pair for the counteranion swap, organic solvents with variable polarity were used, such as CH3OH, CH3CN and the dipolar nonhydroxylic solvent mixture CH3CN:CH2Cl2 (3:7) and the anion exchange was equally successful with both lipophilic cations and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermitas Alcalde
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (E.A.); (I.D.); Tel.: +34-934-024-540 (E.A.)
| | - Immaculada Dinarès
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (E.A.); (I.D.); Tel.: +34-934-024-540 (E.A.)
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35
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D'Anna F, Marullo S, Vitale P, Noto R. Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquids: A Joint Approach to Investigate their Properties and Catalytic Ability. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1877-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Weber CC, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Controlling Hydrolysis Reaction Rates with Binary Ionic Liquid Mixtures by Tuning Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1858-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211543v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C. Weber
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis
for Sustainability,
School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Masters
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis
for Sustainability,
School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis
for Sustainability,
School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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37
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Yau HM, Croft AK, Harper JB. Investigating the origin of entropy-derived rate accelerations in ionic liquids. Faraday Discuss 2012; 154:365-71; discussion 439-64, 465-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Dunn MH, Cole ML, Harper JB. Effects of an ionic liquid solvent on the synthesis of γ-butyrolactones by conjugate addition using NHC organocatalysts. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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39
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D'Anna F, Marullo S, Vitale P, Noto R. The Effect of the Cation π-Surface Area on the 3D Organization and Catalytic Ability of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Abstract
A range of metal carbene complexes containing the ionic liquid-derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1-nbutyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (IBuMe, 1) have been prepared by (i) direct ligand substitution using the free NHC ([Mo(CO)5(IBuMe)] 2), (ii) transmetallation using the silver salt [AgCl(IBuMe)] (3) ([RhCl(NBD)(IBuMe)] (4) and [IrCl(COD)(IBuMe)] (5), NBD = 2,5-norbornadiene, COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and (iii) direct reaction of a metal acetate with the hydrochloride salt of 1 (trans-[PdCl2(IBuMe)] (6)). The dicarbonyl cis-[RhCl(CO)2(IBuMe)] (7) has been prepared by diene substitution under a carbon monoxide atmosphere. The molecular structures of 2, 4, 5 and 6 are reported and the sigma donation and steric properties of 1 are discussed relative to those of common imidazol-2-ylidene ligands.
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41
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Gyton MR, Cole ML, Harper JB. Ionic liquid effects on Mizoroki–Heck reactions: more than just carbene complex formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9200-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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D’Anna F, Marullo S, Vitale P, Noto R. Electronic and Steric Effects: How Do They Work in Ionic Liquids? The Case of Benzoic Acid Dissociation. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4828-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100914p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D’Anna
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d’Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Marullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d’Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d’Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renato Noto
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “E. Paternò”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d’Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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43
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Jones SG, Yau HM, Davies E, Hook JM, Youngs TGA, Harper JB, Croft AK. Ionic liquids through the looking glass: theory mirrors experiment and provides further insight into aromatic substitution processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1873-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b919831h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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George SRD, Edwards GL, Harper JB. The effects of ionic liquids on azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5354-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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