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Xiang H, Ferla S, Varricchio C, Brancale A, Brown NL, Black GW, Turner NJ, Castagnolo D. Biocatalytic and Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Quinolines and 2-Quinolones by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-N) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Biocatalysts. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3370-3378. [PMID: 36910872 PMCID: PMC9990064 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative aromatization of aliphatic N-heterocycles is a fundamental organic transformation for the preparation of a diverse array of heteroaromatic compounds. Despite many attempts to improve the efficiency and practicality of this transformation, most synthetic methodologies still require toxic and expensive reagents as well as harsh conditions. Herein, we describe two enzymatic strategies for the oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) and N-cyclopropyl-N-alkylanilines into quinolines and 2-quinolones, respectively. Whole cells and purified monoamine oxidase (MAO-N) enzymes were used to effectively catalyze the biotransformation of THQs into the corresponding aromatic quinoline derivatives, while N-cyclopropyl-N-alkylanilines were converted into 2-quinolone compounds through a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed annulation/aromatization reaction followed by Fe-mediated oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- Medical
School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K.
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K.
- University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola L. Brown
- Department
of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
8ST, U.K.
| | - Gary W. Black
- Department
of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
8ST, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
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Hong WP, Shin I, Lim HN. Recent Advances in One-Pot Modular Synthesis of 2-Quinolones. Molecules 2020; 25:E5450. [PMID: 33233747 PMCID: PMC7699938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that 2-quinolones are broadly applicable chemical structures in medicinal and agrochemical research as well as various functional materials. A number of current publications about their synthesis and their applications emphasize the importance of these small molecules. The early synthetic chemistry originated from the same principle of the classical Friedländer and Knorr procedures for the preparation of quinolines. The analogous processes were developed by applying new synthetic tools such as novel catalysts, the microwave irradiation method, etc., whereas recent innovations in new bond forming reactions have allowed for novel strategies to construct the core structures of 2-quinolones beyond the bond disconnections based on two classical reactions. Over the last few decades, some reviews on structure-based, catalyst-based, and bioactivity-based studies have been released. In this focused review, we extensively surveyed recent examples of one-pot reactions, particularly in view of modular approaches. Thus, the contents are categorized as three major sections (two-, three-, and four-component reactions) according to the number of reagents that ultimately compose atoms of the core structures of 2-quinolones. The collected synthetic methods are discussed from the perspectives of strategy, efficiency, selectivity, and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Pyo Hong
- School of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea;
| | - Inji Shin
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Hee Nam Lim
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Therapeutics&Biotechnology Division, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
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Sinha RK, Kundu T. Vibronic spectra of jet-cooled 1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone studied by Fluorescence spectroscopy and Quantum chemical calculation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118426. [PMID: 32388236 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone (MeQone) forms the framework of several hundred quinolone alkaloid molecules, both natural and synthetic, which are being used in various biological applications. In this work, we present experimental and theoretical spectroscopic investigation on the MeQone in its ground and first electronic excited states. The vibronically resolved fluorescence excitation (FE) spectrum of MeQone is recorded within 700 cm-1 to the electronic origin under the supersonic jet-cooled condition. The dispersed fluorescence (DF) spectra for bands observed in the FE spectrum were also recorded. Bands observed in DF spectra were identified and assigned with the help of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies. Based on the assignments of bands in the ground electronic state and TD-DFT calculated frequencies for the first excited state, we have identified and successfully assigned the bands observed in FE spectrum. This study could be helpful to understand the photophysical properties of MeQone derivatives, the quinolone alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Sinha
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - T Kundu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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Mukaijo Y, Yokoyama S, Nishiwaki N. Comparison of Substituting Ability of Nitronate versus Enolate for Direct Substitution of a Nitro Group. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092048. [PMID: 32353998 PMCID: PMC7248694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Nitrocinnamate underwent the conjugate addition of an active methylene compound such as nitroacetate, 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, or α-nitroketone, and the following ring closure afforded functionalized heterocyclic frameworks. The reaction of cinnamate with nitroacetate occurs via nucleophilic substitution of a nitro group by the O-attack of the nitronate, which results in isoxazoline N-oxide. This protocol was applicable to 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to afford dihydrofuran derivatives, including those derived from direct substitution of a nitro group caused by O-attack of enolate. It was found the reactivity was lowered by an electron-withdrawing group on the carbonyl moiety. When α-nitroketone was employed as a substrate, three kinds of products were possibly formed; of these, only isoxazoline N-oxide was identified. This result indicates that the substituting ability of nitronate is higher than that of enolate for the direct SN2 substitution of a nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mukaijo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.Y.)
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.Y.)
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-887-57-2517
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Sinha RK. Ab initio and NBO studies of methyl internal rotation in 1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone: effect of aromatic substitution to 1-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone. J Mol Model 2020; 26:92. [PMID: 32246205 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone (MeQone) forms the framework of several hundred alkaloid molecules both natural and synthetic being used for various biological applications. From chemical structure point of view, the molecules can also be seen as an aromatic ring fused to 1-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone (1-MPY). In this work, we present theoretical investigations on internal rotation of methyl group in MeQone in light of 1-MPY. We looked into the change in the three-fold (V3) methyl internal rotation barrier resulted from the aromatic ring substitution to 1-MPY. The V3 term in two molecules were calculated using density functional theory and Hartree-Fock theory with different basis sets. MeQone has calculated V3 term (in S0 state) three times higher in magnitude compared with that of 1-MPY. The role of aromatic substitution in increase of V3 term is investigated using natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. In the NBO analysis, it is found that the aromatic ring as highly delocalized π-system lowers the magnitude of hyperconjugation energy in MeQone compared with 1-MPY. This is due to the extension of delocalization of π-electrons to pyridone ring which lowers the orbital overlap. However, the Lewis energy increases substantially and make the overall barrier energy higher in MeQone compared with 1-MPY. From our study, we conclude that in the molecules such as 1-MPY and MeQone where the methyl group has two single bonds vicinal to it, the overall hyperconjugation energy is always barrier forming with nonlocal interactions playing significant role. Also, the Lewis energy plays the decisive role in barrier formation, and its magnitude can be tuned by tuning the π-electron delocalization. We have also looked into the change in methyl group conformation upon electronic excitation to S1 state. In 1-MPY, the methyl group rotated by 60° upon excitation whereas in MeQone, there was no conformational change. Strong π*-σ* interaction in LUMO in top-of-barrier conformation is responsible for the change in the methyl group conformation in 1-MPY, whereas same π*-σ* interaction in LUMO of minimum energy conformation results in unchanged excited state conformation in MeQone. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Sinha
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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6
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Recent Progress in Nitro-Promoted Direct Functionalization of Pyridones and Quinolones. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030673. [PMID: 32033284 PMCID: PMC7037792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro group is one of the most important functional groups in organic syntheses because its strongly electron-withdrawing ability activates the scaffold, facilitating the reaction with nucleophilic reagents or the Diels-Alder reaction. In this review, recent progress in the nitro-promoted direct functionalization of pyridones and quinolones is highlighted to complement previous reviews.
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8
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Asahara H, Sofue A, Kuroda Y, Nishiwaki N. Alkynylation and Cyanation of Alkenes Using Diverse Properties of a Nitro Group. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13691-13699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Asahara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Hao F, Asahara H, Nishiwaki N. Direct amino-halogenation and aziridination of the 2-quinolone framework by sequential treatment of 3-nitro-2-quinolone with amine and N-halosuccinimide. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Hao F, Asahara H, Nishiwaki N. A direct and vicinal functionalization of the 1-methyl-2-quinolone framework: 4-alkoxylation and 3-chlorination. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5128-35. [PMID: 27181022 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00868b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(functionalization), 4-alkoxylation and 3-chlorination, of the 1-methyl-2-quinolone framework was achieved under mild conditions by a sequential treatment of 3-nitrated 1-methyl-2-quinolones with sodium alkoxide and N-chlorosuccinimide. Moreover, a succinimide group instead of an alkoxy group was introduced at the 4-position, affording a masked form of the 4-amino-3-chloro-2-quinolone derivative. Furthermore, the prepared vicinally functionalized quinolones thus obtained were subjected to a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, arylating the 3-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
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Paramaguru G, Solomon RV, Jagadeeswari S, Venuvanalingam P, Renganathan R. Tuning the Photophysical Properties of 2-Quinolinone-Based Donor-Acceptor Molecules throughN- versusO-Alkylation: Insights from Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chen X, Kobiro K, Asahara H, Kakiuchi K, Sugimoto R, Saigo K, Nishiwaki N. Reactive 2-quinolones dearomatized by steric repulsion between 1-methyl and 8-substituted groups. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Nishiwaki N. The Pseudo-Intramolecular Process: A Novel Synthetic Method for Functionalized Heterocyclic Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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