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Liu XY, Ke BW, Qin Y, Wang FP. The diterpenoid alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2022; 87:1-360. [PMID: 35168778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The diterpenoid alkaloids are a family of extremely important natural products that have long been a research hotspot due to their myriad of intricate structures and diverse biological properties. This chapter systematically summarizes the past 11 years (2009-2019) of studies on the diterpenoid alkaloids, including the "so-called" atypical ones, covering the classification and biogenetic relationships, phytochemistry together with 444 new alkaloids covering 32 novel skeletons and the corrected structures, chemical reactions including conversion toward toxoids, synthetic studies, as well as biological activities. It should be noted that the synthetic studies, especially the total syntheses of various diterpenoid alkaloids, are for the first time reviewed in this treatise. This chapter, in combination with our four previous reviews in volumes 42, 59, 67, and 69, will present to the readers a more completed and updated profile of the diterpenoid alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Wen Ke
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng-Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Jiang ZB, Guo HH, Hu YQ, Zhou LR, Deng CF, Nan ZD, Ma XL, Wu XL. Classification of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based on molecular networking. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:739-751. [PMID: 34865311 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trace amounts of components in traditional Chinese medicine are considered pharmacological active substances used for treating many serious diseases. However, purifying all the trace substances and making clear their structures are not easy. In this context, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry based molecular networking was applied to investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., which led to the identification of 33 nodes in different groups (N1-N33). Based on the excremental fragmentation pathway of known diterpenoid alkaloids (1-9) and comparisons of characteristic ions and characteristic loss of analogs in literature, the structures of unknown ions were deduced. This work lays a foundation for the evaluation of the clinical basis and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine from the aspects of chemistry. In this paper, the method speculation of unknown natural products by means of molecular network method is expected to be applied in the discovery and change law of relevant active components in clinical pharmacology and the change of complex systems caused by trace active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
- Ningxia Low-Grade Resource High Value Utilization and Environmental Chemical Integration Technology Innovation Team Project, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Qi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Le-Rui Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Fan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Dong Nan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
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Shen Y, Liang WJ, Shi YN, Kennelly EJ, Zhao DK. Structural diversity, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of natural diterpenoid alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:763-796. [PMID: 32129397 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2018. Diterpenoid alkaloids, originating from the amination of natural tetracyclic diterpenes, are a diverse class of compounds having complex structural features with many stereocenters. The important pharmacological activities and structural complexity of the diterpenoid alkaloids have long interested scientists due to their medicinal uses, infamous toxicity, and unique biosynthesis. Since 2009, 373 diterpenoid alkaloids, assigned to 46 skeletons, have been isolated and identified from plants mostly in the Ranunculaceae family. The names, classes, molecular weight, molecular formula, NMR data, and plant sources of these diterpene alkaloids are collated here. This review will be a detailed update of the naturally occurring diterpene alkaloids reported from the plant kingdom from 2009-2018, providing an in-depth discussion of their diversity, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, application, evolution, and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China. and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and Kunming Kangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650203, P. R. China and Research & Development Center for Functional Products, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Na Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China and Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, P. R. China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA. and Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China. and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and Kunming Kangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650203, P. R. China
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Quality tracing evaluation strategies of compatible materials in Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 192:113654. [PMID: 33120312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proprietary Chinese medicine (PCM) has become a significant supplement of modern medicine. Nevertheless, the absence of quality control standard of compatible materials in PCM has led to serious adulteration, which has an extremely bad effect on safety of drug use and clinical efficacy. Here, a quality tracing evaluation strategy of compatible materials in 32 Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines (APCMs) was established, including data normalization, model development, model verification, and unknown prescription cracking. The model was delimited based on the weighted content of total 9 key alkaloids in 24 APCMs, which were 5.65-57.10 μg/g for extract medicines and 42.62-380.61 μg/g for powder medicines. Three newly published commercial APCMs, including Wangbi Tablet, Wangbi Granule, and Fengshigutong Capsule, were used to verify its reliability and the results proved to be positive. Moreover, a novel prescription cracking approach was proposed to decode the content of each material in five unknown prescriptions including Yaoxitong Capsule, Tongrendahuoluo Pill, Xinbao Pill, Dahuoluo Capsule, and Mugua Pill. Ultimately, the single or two compatible Aconitum materials in APCMs was successfully decoded and the processed level of the materials were effectively judged. This study for the first time established a practical strategy for supervision and cracking of compatible materials in PCMs and is of great significance to improve the quality control of PCMs.
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Zhao J, Li P, Zheng Z, Pi Z, Xu L, Duan L, Ao W, Sun X, Liu Z, Liu J. pH-Zone-refining counter-current chromatography for two new lipo-alkaloids separated from refined alkaline extraction of Kusnezoff monkshood root. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2447-2458. [PMID: 32162842 PMCID: PMC7318226 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and refined method for the separation of six aconitine‐type alkaloids from the alkaline prepared “Kusnezoff monkshood root” was established. It is the first study that two new lipo‐alkaloids were successfully isolated from refined sample by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography rather than synthetic method. It was of interest that a great deal of lipo‐alkaloids was produced in crude extract from the alkalization of “Kusnezoff monkshood root.” A refined sample method was proposed to enrich two types of alkaloids by liquid–liquid extraction, i.e. lipo‐alkaloids and monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids. The pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography was performed with an optimized two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate–methanol–water (3:5:4:5, v/v), where upper organic phase was added to 3 mmol/L triethylamine as a retainer and lower aqueous mobile phase was added to 3 mmol/L hydrochloric acid as an eluter. As a result, six aconitum alkaloids, including two lipo‐alkaloids (8‐lino‐14‐benzoylaconine, 8‐pal‐14‐benzoylaconine), three monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids (14‐benzoylmesaconine, 14‐benzoylaconine, beyzoyldeoxyaconine), and one aconine alkaloid (neoline) were acquired from the plant at the same time. The anti‐inflammatory activities of the two new lipo‐alkaloids were compared to the six alkaloids in vitro, in cyclo‐oxygen‐ase‐2 inhibition assays. The separation mechanism of six alkaloids by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography was illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China.,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Peihe Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China
| | - Limei Duan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- School of Mongolia Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Analysis and Testing Center, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jinghai Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China
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Delivery of benzoylaconitine using biodegradable nanoparticles to suppress inflammation via regulating NF-κB signaling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:110980. [PMID: 32252000 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of systemic autoimmune disease, and patients with RA usually suffer serious pain, resulting in low quality of life. The development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) provides a valid approach for RA therapy via inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. As a prevailing drug nanocarrier with distinctive superiority, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention in recent years. However, low biocompatibility and limited exploitation of drug with high efficiency are still the main challenges in RA treatment. To overcome the limitations, we prepared a biocompatible copolymer methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA). Moreover, benzoylaconitine (BAC) with superior anti-inflammatory effect was selected as model drug. It was isolated from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb and encapsulated into mPEG-PLGA NPs (NP/BAC) to increase the bioavailablity of BAC. The NPs exhibited high cytocompatibility for activated macrophages and well compatibility with red blood cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory property of NP/BAC was testified by substantially inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines of NP/BAC group reduced 70 % and 66 % compared with that of activated macrophages. Especially, NP/BAC reduced the overexpression of NF-κB p65 to inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway, which was a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. NP/BAC also showed efficient in vivo anti-inflammatory effect with high ear (69.8 %) and paw (87.1 %) swelling suppressing rate. These results revealed the anti-inflammatory mechanism of NP/BAC and proved it was a suitable DDS to suppress inflammation, providing a promising strategy for RA therapy and research of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.
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Park I, Kim WJ, Yang S, Yeo SM, Li H, Moon BC. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Aconitum coreanum and Aconitum carmichaelii and comparative analysis with other Aconitum species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184257. [PMID: 28863163 PMCID: PMC5581188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum species (belonging to the Ranunculaceae) are well known herbaceous medicinal ingredients and have great economic value in Asian countries. However, there are still limited genomic resources available for Aconitum species. In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast (cp) genomes of two Aconitum species, A. coreanum and A. carmichaelii, using the MiSeq platform. The two Aconitum chloroplast genomes were 155,880 and 157,040 bp in length, respectively, and exhibited LSC and SSC regions separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions. Both cp genomes had 38% GC content and contained 131 unique functional genes including 86 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The gene order, content, and orientation of the two Aconitum cp genomes exhibited the general structure of angiosperms, and were similar to those of other Aconitum species. Comparison of the cp genome structure and gene order with that of other Aconitum species revealed general contraction and expansion of the inverted repeat regions and single copy boundary regions. Divergent regions were also identified. In phylogenetic analysis, Aconitum species positon among the Ranunculaceae was determined with other family cp genomes in the Ranunculales. We obtained a barcoding target sequence in a divergent region, ndhC–trnV, and successfully developed a SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) marker for discrimination of A. coreanum. Our results provide useful genetic information and a specific barcode for discrimination of Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Park
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-jin Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Yeo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hulin Li
- Department of Agronomy, Yanbian University Agriculture College, Yanji, China
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wang B, Ji J, Zhao S, Dong J, Tan P, Na S, Liu Y. An Efficient High-performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Elaborate the Changes of Components Between the Raw and Processed Radix Aconitum kusnezoffii. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:4-8. [PMID: 27019554 PMCID: PMC4787335 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.175989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Crude radix Aconitum kusnezoffii (RAK) has great toxicity. Traditional Chinese medicine practice proved that processing may decrease its toxicity. In our previous study, we had established a new method of RAK processing (Paozhi). However, the mechanism is yet not perfect. Objective: To explore the related mechanism of processing through comparing the chemical contents. Materials and Methods: A new processing method of RAK named stoving (Hong Zhi) was used. In particular, RAK was stored at 110°C for 8 h, and then high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) was developed for the detection of the alkaloids of the crude and processed RAK decoction pieces. Results: Thirty components of the crude RAK were discovered, among which, 23 alkaloids were identified. Meanwhile, 23 ingredients were detected in the processed RAK decoction pieces, among which, 20 alkaloids were determined yet. By comparison, eight alkaloids were found in both crude and processed RAK decoction pieces, 15 alkaloids were not found in the crude RAK, however, 10 new constituents yield after processing, which are 10-OH-hypaconine, 10-OH-mesaconine, isomer of bullatine A, 14-benzoyl-10-OH-mesaconine, 14-benzoyl-10-OH-aconine, 14-benzoyl-10-OH-hypaconine, dehydrated aconitine, 14-benzoylaconine, chuanfumine, dehydrated mesaconitine. Conclusion: The present study showed that significant change of alkaloids was detected in RAK before and after processing. Among them, the highly toxic diester alkaloids decreased and the less toxic monoester alkaloids increased. Moreover, the concentration changes significantly. HPLC-ESI-MSn are Efficient to elaborate the mechanism of reduction of toxicity and enhancement efficacy after processing. SUMMARY Stoving is a simple and effective method for the processing of radix Aconitum kusnezoffii. In the positive mode, the characteristic fragmentations of Aconitum alkaloids were obtained. The highly toxic alkaloids have decreased, and the new constituents appeared, which has explained successfully the processing mechanism of radix Aconitum kusnezoffii in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jie Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shengsang Na
- Department of Traditional Mongolia Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohehot, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Yang H, Gao W, Liu L, Liu K, Liu EH, Qi LW, Li P. Discovery of characteristic chemical markers for classification of aconite herbs by chromatographic profile and probabilistic neural network. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sun H, Wang M, Zhang A, Ni B, Dong H, Wang X. UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS analysis of constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum using a metabolomics approach. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:263-276. [PMID: 23225552 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics is an 'omics' approach that aims to comprehensively analyse all metabolites in a biological sample, and has great potential for directly elucidating plant metabolic processes. Increasing evidence supports the view that plants produce a broad range of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites responsible for variation from species to species, thus enabling the use of secondary metabolite profiling in the chemotaxonomy. OBJECTIVE To gain deeper insights into the metabolites to increasing plant diversity, we performed systematic untargeted metabolite profiling to exploit the different parts and species of Aconitum as a case study. METHOD Application of ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-HDMS) equipped with electrospray ionisation and coupled with pattern recognition analyses to study constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum species. RESULTS Twenty-two metabolites between the mother root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (CHW) and lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (SFZ) and 13 metabolites between the CHW and root of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb (CW) have been identified. Of note, songorine, carmichaeline and isotalatizidine did not exist in CW, whereas they are present in the SFZ and CHW. CONCLUSION Metabolomics based UPLC-QTOF-HDMS with multivariate statistical models was effective for analysis of constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
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Wu SN, Chen BS, Lo YC. Evidence for aconitine-induced inhibition of delayed rectifier K(+) current in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Toxicology 2011; 289:11-8. [PMID: 21782880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aconitine (ACO) is a highly toxic diterpenoid alkaloid and known to exert the immunomodulatory action. However, whether it has any effects on ion currents in immune cells remains unknown. The effects of ACO and other related compounds on ion currents in Jurkat T-lymphocytes were investigated in this study. ACO suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K(+) current (I(K(DR))) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Margatoxin (100 nM), a specific blocker of K(V)1.3-encoded current, decreased the I(K(DR)) amplitude in these cells and the ACO-induced inhibition of I(K(DR)) was not reversed by 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (30 μM) or nicotine (10 μM). The IC(50) value for ACO-mediated inhibition of I(K(DR)) was 5.6 μM. ACO accelerated the inactivation of I(K(DR)) with no change in the activation rate of this current. Increasing the ACO concentration not only reduced the I(K(DR)) amplitude, but also accelerated the inactivation time course of the current. With the aid of minimal binding scheme, the inhibitory action of ACO on I(K(DR)) was estimated with a dissociation constant of 6.8 μM. ACO also shifted the inactivation curve of I(K(DR)) to a hyperpolarized potential with no change in the slope factor. Cumulative inactivation for I(K(DR)) was enhanced in the presence of ACO. In Jurkat cells incubated with amiloride (30 μM), the ACO-induced inhibition of I(K(DR)) remained unaltered. In RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, ACO did not modify the kinetics of I(K(DR)), although it suppressed I(K(DR)) amplitude. Taken together, these effects can significantly contribute to its action on functional activity of immune cells if similar results are found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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